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1

Fiume, Monice, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, et al. "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Sodium Cetearyl Sulfate and Related Alkyl Sulfates as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 29, no. 3_suppl (2010): 115S—132S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581810364665.

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Sodium cetearyl sulfate is the sodium salt of a mixture of cetyl and stearyl sulfate. The other ingredients in this safety assessment are also alkyl salts, including ammonium coco-sulfate, ammonium myristyl sulfate, magnesium coco-sulfate, sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium coco/hydrogenated tallow sulfate, sodium coco-sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium ethylhexyl sulfate, sodium myristyl sulfate, sodium oleyl sulfate, sodium stearyl sulfate, sodium tallow sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfate, and zinc coco-sulfate. These ingredients are surfactants used at concentrations from 0.1% to 29%, primarily
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2

Kurmangalieva, Anna I., Lyubov' A. Anikanova, Ol'ga V. Volkova, Alexandr I. Kudyakov, Yurij S. Sarkisov, and Yurij A. Abzaev. "ACTIVATION OF HARDENING PROCESSES OF FLUOROGYPSUM COMPOSITIONS BY CHEMICAL ADDITIVES OF SODIUM SALTS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 63, no. 8 (2020): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20206308.6137.

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The article is devoted to modifications of fluorogypsum compositions by chemical additives of sodium salts in the form of sulfate, sulfite and sodium sulfide, as well as their combined effect on the kinetics of structure formation processes. Technological, ecological and technical aspects of utilization of fluorogypsum compositions activated by additives were investigated. Experiments have shown that an up to 3% increase in the amount of sodium sulfite additive leads to an increase in the compressive strength of samples at early stages of hardening (up to 14 days), whereas utilization of sodiu
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3

Arnoštová, Libuše, Ivan Černý, Vladimír Pouzar та Pavel Drašar. "Synthesis of 5α-Cholestane Type Glycoside Sulfates". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, № 5 (1993): 1180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19931180.

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Synthesis of steroid glycoside sulfates sulfated both on the steroid skeleton and in sugar part are presented. Sodium salts of 5α-cholestane-3β,6α-diol 6-β-D-glucoside 3-sulfate V and 3-β-D-glucoside 6-sulfate XI were prepared from 3β-(2-tetrahydropyranyloxy)-5α-cholestan-6α-ol (I) using acetyl and methoxymethyl groups for temporary protection. Sulfation in the sugar part was at first checked in pregnane series and triethylammonium salts of 3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)pregn-5-en-20-one 6'-sulfate (XXVI) and 4'-sulfate 2',3'-diacetate XXVII were prepared. Application of the method on cholestane d
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4

Walton, Brent. "Potentiometric titration of sodium sulfate in sodium sulfite solutions." Analyst 117, no. 11 (1992): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9921701757.

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5

Tyagi, Suchitra, Vichitra Tyagi, and Basant Shubhankar. "Effect of additives on the micellar behaviour of aqueous alkaline earth metal dodecyl sulphates." Materials NanoScience 12, no. 1 (2025): 1182. https://doi.org/10.62110/sciencein.mns.2025.v12.1182.

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The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of alkaline earth metal dodecyl sulfates have been determined in the presence of alkali metal dodecyl sulfates, cholic acid, ammonium chloride, and sodium citrate—key ingredients commonly found in various cough syrups. Two key observations emerge from the data obtained. First, the presence of these additives leads to a decrease in CMC values. Second, the efficiency of CMC reduction follows the order: sodium citrate > cholic acid > potassium dodecyl sulfate > sodium dodecyl sulfate > ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) > lithium dodecyl sulfate. T
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6

Young, Jay A. "Sodium Sulfate." Journal of Chemical Education 84, no. 8 (2007): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed084p1272.

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7

Kosmulski, Marek, and Edward Mączka. "The Effects of Ethanol Concentration and of Ionic Strength on the Zeta Potential of Titania in the Presence of Sodium Octadecyl Sulfate." Colloids and Interfaces 4, no. 4 (2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids4040049.

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Sodium octadecyl sulfate (C18H37SO4Na) induces a negative zeta potential of metal oxides at very low surfactant concentrations as compared with shorter-chained sodium alkyl sulfates. The problem of low solubility of sodium octadecyl sulfate in water was solved by the addition of the surfactant to dispersions as ethanolic stock solution, but then the presence of ethanol in dispersions was inevitable. We demonstrate that the concentration of ethanol (up to 5% by mass) in a dispersion containing titania (TiO2) and sodium octadecyl sulfate has an insignificant effect on the zeta potential of parti
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8

Li, Pei Xin, Feng Qing Zhao, and Shao Jie Liu. "Preparation of Ultrafine Barium Sulfate Using Sodium Sulfate Content Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.96.

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The wastewater from folic acid production contains a large amount of sodium sulfate. In this paper, this sodium sulfate wastewater was used to react with the industry black salt (barium sulfide) to prepare barium sulfate. By adjusting the feeding mode, reaction temperature, reactant concentration and stirring speed, the optimal experimental condition was determined. The barium sulfates particle size under this condition was 320 nm, with good whiteness but low energy consumption. The product not only turns the waste to useful product successfully, but also meets Chinese policy of energy-saving,
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9

Bittencourt, D. R. Santos. "X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data for Sodium Octyl Sulfate, Sodium Decyl Sulfate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate." Powder Diffraction 3, no. 4 (1988): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600013567.

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AbstractIndexed X-ray diffraction powder data for three homologous amphiphiles, sodium octyl sulfate (SOS), CH3[CH2]7 OSO3Na, sodium decyl sulfate, CH3[CH2]9OSO3Na (SDS), and sodium dodecyl sulfate CH3[CH2]11OSO3Na (SLS), are reported. Probable space groups for the three compounds are monoclinic P2[3], Pm[6], or P2/m[10]. Refined cell parameters were determined from powder data obtained with a Guinier Camera. Powder data are compared to existing patterns, PDF 4-10 (SOS) and 4-6 (SLS).
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10

Sulistyorini, Dewi, Detha Sekar Langit Wahyu Gutama, Karolus Boromeus Kalli, Jodiansyah Jodiansyah, Albertus Ardiono Mere Rangga, and Rinaldy Jery Mau. "Durabilitas Roller-Compacted Concrete (RCC) pada Perkerasan Jalan Ditinjau dari Kuat Tekannya." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil dan Lingkungan 8, no. 2 (2024): 182–89. https://doi.org/10.19184/jrsl.v8i2.52668.

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Abstract Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is roller-compacted concrete that is quite stiff with zero slump. RCC pavement has several advantages because it is strong, dense, durable, and economical. The mixed materials used were water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, Portland Composite Cement (PCC), and superplasticizer (SPC). There were 12 cylindrical test specimens of diameter 15 cm and height 30 cm, with two variations of curing, namely plain water and sodium sulfate solution (Na2So4), and two variations of curing time, 14 and 28 days. The average compressive strength test value at 14 days
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11

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1182 (2007): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711820-00098.

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12

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1135 (2007): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711350-00121.

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13

Proydakova, V. Yu, V. V. Voronov, A. A. Pynenkov, et al. "Sodium Sulfate Polymorphism." Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 67, no. 7 (2022): 970–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036023622070208.

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14

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1208 (2008): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812080-00085.

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15

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1220 (2008): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812200-00074.

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16

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1225 (2008): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200812250-00075.

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17

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1314 (2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201013140-00126.

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18

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1286 (2010): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201012860-00089.

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19

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1289 (2010): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201012890-00116.

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20

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1306 (2010): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201013060-00116.

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21

&NA;. "Sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 487 (1994): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199404870-00049.

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22

Jenkinson, Helena A., Kelly M. Wilmas, and Sirunya Silapunt. "Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate." Dermatologic Surgery 43, no. 11 (2017): 1313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000001143.

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23

Pogorevc, Mateja, and Kurt Faber. "Purification and Characterization of an Inverting Stereo- and Enantioselective sec-Alkylsulfatase from the Gram-Positive Bacterium Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 5 (2003): 2810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.5.2810-2815.2003.

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ABSTRACT Whole cells of Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 were found to hydrolyze (±)-2-octyl sulfate in a stereo- and enantiospecific fashion. When growing on a complex medium, the cells produced two sec-alkylsulfatases and (at least) one prim-alkylsulfatase in the absence of an inducer, such as a sec-alkyl sulfate or a sec-alcohol. From the crude cell-free lysate, two proteins responsible for sulfate ester hydrolysis (designated RS1 and RS2) were separated from each other based on their different hydrophobicities and were subjected to further chromatographic purification. In contrast to sulfatase
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24

Robinson, Valerie C., Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, et al. "Final Report of the Amended Safety Assessment of Sodium Laureth Sulfate and Related Salts of Sulfated Ethoxylated Alcohols." International Journal of Toxicology 29, no. 4_suppl (2010): 151S—161S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581810373151.

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Sodium laureth sulfate is a member of a group of salts of sulfated ethoxylated alcohols, the safety of which was evaluated by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel for use in cosmetics. Sodium and ammonium laureth sulfate have not evoked adverse responses in any toxicological testing. Sodium laureth sulfate was demonstrated to be a dermal and ocular irritant but not a sensitizer. The Expert Panel recognized that there are data gaps regarding use and concentration of these ingredients. However, the overall information available on the types of products in which these ingredients are
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25

SOUZA, D. J. de, M. H. F. MEDEIROS, and J. HOPPE FILHO. "Evaluation of the SR Portland cement against sodium and magnesium sulfate attack: a physical and comparative analysis of mortars." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 11, no. 5 (2018): 1053–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952018000500009.

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Abstract Sulfate attack is a term used to describe a series of chemical reactions between sulfate ions and hydrated compounds of the hardened cement paste. Thus, the chemical composition of the binders used is important for the durability of the structure against this aggressive agent. The objective of the present research is to evaluate the influence of sodium and magnesium sulfates on physical properties (linear expansion, flexure tensile strength, and compressive strength) of mortars composed by SR cement (CP V - ARI RS), as commercially sold in Brazil. The results indicate that SR cement c
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26

Chakraborty, J. N., and Pranav Mazumdar. "Indigo Dyeing of Cotton using Alkaline Catalase and Additives." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 1 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.s1.1.

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Sodium hydrosulfite is universally applied as a reducing agent for the reduction of indigo, but also produces hazardous by-products viz. sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate ions with harmful effects on the environment due to their toxicity, as well as corrosive effects on the waste lines. To overcome these problems, use of an ecofriendly reducing agent, viz. alkaline catalase, along with iron (II) sulfate, was used in place of sodium hydrosulfite for dyeing of cotton with indigo. Dyed samples were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy an
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27

Safronova, T. V., T. B. Shatalova, Ya Yu Filippov, et al. "CERAMICS IN THE Na2O–CaO–SO3 SYSTEM AS A PROMISING INORGANIC POROGEN." Steklo i Keramika, no. 3 (2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/glc.2022.03.pp.009-018.

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Ceramics with phase composition after firing in the range of 600 – 900 °C represented by anhydrous calcium sulfate CaSO4, and calcium sodium sulfates (Na0,8Ca0,1)2SO4 and Na6Ca(SO4)4 were obtained from a powder mixture of sodium sulfate Na2SO4 and calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO42H2O, taken at a molar ratio CaSO42H2O/Na2SO4 = 1. The phase composition of the powder mixture after homogenization in a planetary mill in an acetone medium, in addition to the starting salts, also included hydrated sodium calcium sulfate Na4Ca(SO4)32H2O. When kept in water for 5 and 60 min the mass loss of ceramic s
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28

Mohamed, N., and SA Tariq. "A Study of Chemical Reactions in Molten Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate Potassium Hydrogen Sulfate Eutectic. V. The Reactions of Eleven Acetates." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 3 (1994): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9940571.

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The reactions of the acetates of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, manganese, cobalt, zinc and lead with molten sodium hydrogen sulfate-potassium hydrogen sulfate eutectic were investigated by means of thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, mass spectral and infrared methods. In these acid-base reactions, the metal acetates were found to be converted into the corresponding metal sulfates, and acetic acid was the volatile product of each reaction. The temperatures and stoichiometries of the reactions have been determined.
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29

Findlay, John A., Zheng-Quan He, and Mahesh Jaseja. "Forbeside E: a novel sulfated sterol glycoside from Asteriasforbesi." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 12 (1989): 2078–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-323.

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The structure of forbeside E, a minor constituent of the saponin fraction of the starfish Asteriasforbesi, has been identified as the disodium salt of (20R)-5α-pregn-9(11)ene-3β-sulfo-oxy-6α-[O-β-D-4-sulfo-oxyquinovopyranosyl]-20-ol, principally by 2D-COSY, DQ COSY, HCORR, and DEPT experiments. Sodium thornasterol-3-O-sulfate has been isolated as a natural product from the same organism. Keywords: sulfated sterol glycoside, Asteriasforbesi metabolites, sodium thomasterol-3-O-sulfate, asterogenol rearrangement.
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30

Vyšvařil, Martin, and Markéta Rovnaníková. "Study of Fine-Grained Composites Exposed to Sulfuric Acid and Sodium Sulfate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.275.

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The degradation of concrete due to ingress of sulfate ions from the environment plays an important role in the durability of concrete constructions, especially in sewage collection systems where concrete sewer pipes are exposed to sulfates from waste water and from biogenic activity of bacteria. During this process the pH of the surface of concrete sewer pipes is reduced and it may lead to the steel depassivation and results in the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Damage due to sulfate interaction can result in the cracking and softening, with loss of strength of concrete. This paper is focus
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31

Gomelya, Mykola, Yana Kryzhanovska, and Tetiana Shabliy. "Evaluation of red sludge use efficiency for water purification from sulphates." Proceedings of the NTUU “Igor Sikorsky KPI”. Series: Chemical engineering, ecology and resource saving, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2617-9741.1.2021.228141.

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In this work the reagent purification of aqueous solutions from sulfates with the use of red sludge of the Nikolaev alumina plant processes were investigated. This sludge, according to chemical analysis, contains a sufficiently large amount of alumina (up to 18 %) and calcium oxide (up to 10 %) and along with calcium silicate and iron oxides contains sodium and calcium aluminates. The ability of sodium aluminate to be deposited from a solution of sulfates in the form of calcium sulfoaluminates was used in the work to purify water from sulfate anions. The process takes place when treating the s
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32

FREDERICK, W. J. (JIM), and DANIEL D. EUHUS. "A practical approach to eliminating rapid sodium carbonate - sodium sulfate scaling in black liquor concentrators." July 2015 14, no. 7 (2015): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.7.431.

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Black liquor concentrators perform as crystallizers as well as evaporators, producing up to 200 kg of sodium carbonate - sodium sulfate double salt (Na2CO3+Na2SO4) crystals per o.d. metric ton of pulp produced. One of these salts, sodium sulfate dicarbonate, rapidly fouls many concentrators as it crystallizes from solution. Design and operation of black liquor concentrators to manage its crystallization can eliminate or substantially reduce sodium sulfate dicarbonate scaling. Older equipment installed before sodium sulfate dicarbonate was discovered in 2002 would benefit the most. This paper e
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33

Mardiah, Ainun, Cut Aja Nuraskin, and Reca Reca. "The Effectiveness of Toothpaste Containing Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on Dental Plaque in Primary School Students." EAS Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine 5, no. 02 (2023): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjdom.2023.v05i02.002.

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Dental caries is caused by the Streptococcus mutans bacteria and can be prevented by brushing teeth using toothpaste without sodium laurel sulfate to remove dental plaque. A study was conducted in 2021 at State Elementary School I Tanjung Lhonga to determine the effectiveness of brushing teeth with Sodium Lauryl Sulfate toothpaste and toothpaste without sodium laurel sulfate in reducing the dental plaque index among the students. The study used a quasi- experimental method with a "post-test only group design" and involved 120 students as the population. The study results showed that before usi
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34

Алиев, А. Р., И. Р. Ахмедов, М. Г. Какагасанов та З. А. Алиев. "Спектры комбинационного рассеяния поликристаллических сульфатов лития, натрия и калия в предпереходной температурной области ниже структурного фазового перехода". Физика твердого тела 61, № 8 (2019): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.08.47980.382.

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Molecular relaxation processes in lithium sulfate (Li2SO4), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) and potassium sulfate (K2SO4) were studied by Raman spectroscopy. A decrease in the order parameter in the low-temperature phase is observed when approaching a phase transition, which, for example, is typical of a first-order phase transition close to the second. The existence of the pretransition region in the studied sulfates Li2SO4, Na2SO4 and K2SO4 was found.
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35

Krick, Wolfgang, Nina Schnedler, Gerhard Burckhardt, and Birgitta C. Burckhardt. "Ability of sat-1 to transport sulfate, bicarbonate, or oxalate under physiological conditions." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 297, no. 1 (2009): F145—F154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90401.2008.

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Tubular reabsorption of sulfate is achieved by the sodium-dependent sulfate transporter, NaSi-1, located at the apical membrane, and the sulfate-anion exchanger, sat-1, located at the basolateral membrane. To delineate the physiological role of rat sat-1, [35S]sulfate and [14C]oxalate uptake into sat-1-expressing oocytes was determined under various experimental conditions. Influx of [35S]sulfate was inhibited by bicarbonate, thiosulfate, sulfite, and oxalate, but not by sulfamate and sulfide, in a competitive manner with Ki values of 2.7 ± 1.3 mM, 101.7 ± 9.7 μM, 53.8 ± 10.9 μM, and 63.5 ± 38
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36

&NA;. "Alcohol/sodium tetradecyl sulfate." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1340 (2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113400-00018.

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37

Yoslim, Jeffry, Praveen Linga, and Peter Englezos. "Enhanced growth of methane–propane clathrate hydrate crystals with sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and sodium hexadecyl sulfate surfactants." Journal of Crystal Growth 313, no. 1 (2010): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.10.009.

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38

Radwan, Mohamed M., Susan P. Manly, and Samir A. Ross. "Two New Sulfated Sterols from the Marine Sponge Lendenfeldia dendyi." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 9 (2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200905.

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Two new sulfated steroids, 3β, 5α, 6β- trihydroxy-24-methylene-cholesta-7-ene-3-sodium sulfate (1) and 3β, 5α, 6β-trihydroxy-23 E-24-methyl-cholesta-7,23-diene-3-sodium sulfate (2) have been isolated from the sponge, Lendenfeldia dendyi. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data (IR, HRMS, 1H and 13C NMR, HMQC, HMBC, COSY and ROESY). The two metabolites lacked antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cryptococcus neoformans, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Aspergillus fumigatus, and methicillin-resistant Staphy
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39

Usman Ghani, Usman Ghani, Shah Hussain Shah Hussain, Noor ul Amin Noor ul Amin, Maria Imtiaz Maria Imtiaz, Shahid Ali Khan Shahid Ali Khan, and Muhammad Naeem Muhammad Naeem. "Chloride and Sulfate Resistance of Calcined Lateritic Clay-Based Geopolymer." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 44, no. 2 (2022): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000995/jcsp/44.02.2022.

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The dissemination of chloride and sulfate ions greatly affects the quality and strength of concrete obtained from cementitious materials. The current research is focused on the development of good quality geopolymer from calcined lateritic clay, sodium metasilicate, and aluminum hydroxide with optimum Si to Al ratio (by mass) and study of its resistance in aggressive environments of chloride and sulfate. Different geopolymer samples with Si to Al ratio of 3 to 1 were prepared and exposed in 8 wt.% sodium chloride and sodium sulfate solutions for 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. The geopolymer sampl
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40

Levdansky, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Svetlana Andreevna Novikova, and Aleksandr Vladimirovich Levdanskiy. "SULFATION OF BETULIN 3-PROPIONATE WITH SULFAMIC ACID IN N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE MEDIUM." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 3 (September 26, 2024): 280–86. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240315219.

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A new efficient method for the sulfation of betulin 3-propionate using sulfamic acid –urea mixture in N,N-dimethylformamide medium was developed. This method of synthesis allows to exclude the use of such aggressive sulfating reagents as sulfur dioxide, chlorosulfonic and sulfuric acid. As a result, 28-sulfates of betulin 3-propionate were obtained as ammonium salt, acidic form, potassium salt and sodium salt in 91, 89, 89, 90% yields, respectively. The composition of the obtained samples of 28-sulfate 3-propionate betulin was confirmed by elemental analysis, the sulfur content ranged from 5.0
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41

Shen, Yan Min, and Tian Gui Wang. "NaCl Brine Preparation from Distiller Waste and Na2SO4." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.897.

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The purpose of this study is to address the problem of discharge of distiller waste from Solvay process, and at the same time, to realize the production of soda ash from Glauber’s salt — natural ores containing sodium sulfate, or industrial byproduct sodium sulfate. Half-saturated and near-saturated brines were prepared by reacting simulated distiller wastes — aqueous solutions containing calcium chloride and sodium chloride, with sodium sulfate. Experimental results show that the dissolution of sodium sulfate controls the reaction rate and the final composition of the brines. Temperature play
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42

Boyko, Olexandra, and Viktor Brygadyrenko. "Nematicidal Activity of Inorganic Food Additives." Diversity 14, no. 8 (2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14080663.

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The food industry is not the only sphere of human activity where inorganic food additives are globally used. In certain concentrations, they are safe for people and agricultural animals. Nonetheless, they impose a negative impact on other classes of living organisms. Therefore, our objective was to determinine the influence of some inorganic food additives (alkalis, acids, salts) on the vitality of nematode larvae that parasitize agricultural animals: Strongyloides papillosus, Haemonchus contortus and Muellerius capillaris. We studied the effects of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, boric
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43

Peng, Shuquan, Fan Wang, and Ling Fan. "Experimental Study on Influence of Vaporous Water on Salt Expansion of Sulfate Saline Soil." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6819460.

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The harm of salt expansion of saline soil in arid areas has always been a major problem to be solved urgently. According to the conversion rule between sodium sulfate and sodium sulfate decahydrate, sodium sulfate decahydrate crystals can be precipitated from sodium sulfate solution by cooling. Besides, when the relative humidity (RH) exceeds the critical relative humidity (CRH), sodium sulfate decahydrate can be formed by the combination of sodium sulfate and vaporous water, resulting in the salt volume expansion. However, at present, in the salt expansion mechanism of sulfate saline soil, on
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44

M., L. Parmar, and K. Dhiman D. "A study on partial molar volumes of some mineral salts in water at various temperatures." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 79, Sep 2002 (2002): 729–31. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5844156.

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Department of Chemistry, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla-171 005, India <em>Manuscript received I January 2002, accepted 25 April 2002</em> Partial molar volumes of some mineral salts, viz, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate in water have been determined from solution density measurements at various temperatures and mineral salt concentrations. The data are evaluated by using Masson equation and the obtained parameters are interpreted in terms of i
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45

Bush, Ronald, and Peggy Bush. "Evaluation of sodium tetradecyl sulfate and polidocanol as sclerosants for leg telangiectasia based on histological evaluation with clinical correlation." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 32, no. 7 (2016): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355516673768.

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Introduction This study was designed to determine by histological evaluation and clinical correlation the most effective sclerosant concentration of Sotradecol® (sodium tetradecyl sulfate) and Asclera® (polidocanol) for the treatment of leg telangiectasia. Methods Histological studies were completed on 40 patients, all of whom were female with a mean age of 53. After sclerotherapy with varying concentrations of sclerosant solutions for the treatment of 0.8 mm and 1 mm leg telangiectasia, histological specimens were examined for the following criteria: luminal changes, subintimal changes, smoot
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46

Nuraskin, Cut Aja, T. Iskandar Faisal, Teuku Salfiyadi, Reca Reca, Elfi Zahara, and Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah. "The Effectiveness of Using Total Paste with Sodium Lauryl Content in Removing Dental Plaque in Tanjung Lhoknga Elementary School Students, Aceh Besar Regency." EAS Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine 4, no. 4 (2022): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjdom.2022.v04i04.001.

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Background: Dental caries is a disease caused by one of the bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Prevention of caries and dental plaque can also be done by brushing the teeth regularly using toothpaste. Mechanical or chemical methods can remove plaque. Caries prevention can be done by brushing the teeth using toothpaste. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of brushing teeth with sodium lauryl sulfate toothpaste and toothpaste without sodium lauryl sulfate on reducing dental plaque index in elementary school students in Aceh Besar district. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental method with a
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Wang, Jia Wei, Chang Yuan Lu, Yong Zhen Jia, and Chang Sheng Lv. "Effect of Na2SO4 on the Decomposition Rate and Product Size in Seed Precipitation Process." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 1522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1522.

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According to working conditions of guizhou alumina plant, the influence of sodium sulfate impurity on the seed precipitation process was studied. The results showed that the seed decomposition rate decreased with the increasing of the sodium sulfate content, and when the additive amount of Na2SO4 was lower, the sodium sulfate can facilitate the agglomeration of aluminium hydroxides, when the additive amount was too high, sodium sulfate can make the granularity of the product fine finally.
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Wang, Xiao Li, Xin Feng Li, Xiao An Li, Ze Long Yu, and Jia Xing Li. "Influence of Sodium Oleate on Morphology of Semi-Hydrated Calcium Sulfate Whiskers and its Infrared Adsorption Performance." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.479.

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Hydro-thermal method was used to prepare semi-hydrated calcium sulfate whiskers with sodium oleate as surfactant during the process of preparation and modification integration of calcium sulfate whiskers. Electronic biological microscope was adopted to observe the morphology of semi-hydrated calcium sulfate whiskers. FTIR was used to analyze the surface state of unmodified and modified semi-hydrated calcium sulfate whiskers. The experimental results showed that when the dosage of sodium oleate is less than 0.02%, the morphology of whiskers appears to be fibrous. Different sodium oleate dosages
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Gerencser, George A., Randy Levin, and Frank Robbins. "Sulfate absorption in Aplysia californica gut: intracellular regulation by cyclic guanosine monophosphate." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 8 (2001): 1524–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-093.

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Luminal membranes of foregut epithelia of Aplysia californica contain a sodium–sulfate symporter. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate stimulated the absorptive activity of the sodium–sulfate symporter, whereas cyclic adenosine monophosphate had no effect on the sodium–sulfate symporter. It appears that guanylate cyclase plays a role in the overall regulation of sulfate homeostasis by the A. californica gut.
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Gupta, Ramesh K. "The Investigation of the Corrosive Effects of Sulphates and Salts on the Concrete and the Study of Environmental Changes on it." Journal of Cement Based Composites 1, no. 2 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebacom.2020.002.001.

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Due to the environmental impact of sulphates and salts on concrete and the significant reduction in concrete strength, extensive research has been carried out to reinforce concrete against these types of attacks. The results show that the use of coal ash increases Concrete quality is counteracting the attack of sulfates. The sulfates include calcium sulfate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and the like. Sulfate attack in tropical coastal areas with hot and humid weather causes very severe damage. One can refer to ash of cane sugar syrup (bagasse) as one of the most suitable alternatives for
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