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1
Srihandayani, Susy. "Alternative foundation for reducing building losses due to foundation failure in soft soil." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015602006.
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Much damage to buildings occurs in areas that have soft soil layers due to the failure of the foundations. Besides, foundations in soft soils generally require very expensive construction. For this reason, proper research needs to help develop strong foundations that can be used on soft soils with relatively low cost. In this research, foundations with various diameters and depths were tested on soft soil. The foundations were made of PVC pipes with diameters of ½ ", 1", 2 " or 2.5" and the same depth. Soft soil in the form of clay with particle-sizes that passed filter No. 200 was used. Before testing the foundations, carrying capacity analysis was done using the classical method on each pipe with a closed head so that the optimum carrying capacity of each foundation (PVC Pipe) was known. From this test the influence of the size of the foundations on the carrying capacity of soft soil could be seen. The results of this research will help reduce building loss/damage in areas dominated by soft topsoil
2
Ahmed, Danish, Siti Noor Linda Bt Taib, Tahar Ayadat, and Alsidqi Hasan. "A Review on the Behaviour of Combined Stone Columns and Pile Foundations in Soft Soils when Placed under Rigid Raft Foundation." ASM Science Journal 16 (July 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2021.709.
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In the last few decades, it has been observed that raft foundations are very commonly used as a foundation solution for moderate to high rise structures either by resting on stone columns or on piles in soft soils. It is believed that, combining stone columns and piles in one foundation system is the more suitable foundation for medium rise structures. The combined foundation system provides a superior and more economical alternative to pile, and a more attractive alternative to stone columns in respect to ground improvement. This paper presents the review of existing studies reported in the literature in the last two decades about the behaviour of stone columns under raft foundations and piled raft foundation in soft soil, notably the failure mechanism and the bearing capacity. Also, a limited work from the literature concerning the performance of combined (pile/stone columns) foundation system in soft soil is comprised. Furthermore, very extensive ongoing research work regarding the investigation and study on the performance of combined (pile/stone columns) foundation system in soft soils is discussed. The main goals and methodology to study the performance of the combined (pile/stone columns) foundation systems in soft soil are also addressed.
3
Ahmed, Danish, Siti Noor Linda Bt Taib, Tahar Ayadat, and Alsidqi Hasan. "Numerical Analysis of the Carrying Capacity of a Piled Raft Foundation in Soft Clayey Soils." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 4 (2022): 622–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-04-01.
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Piled raft foundations are a common type of foundation for high-rise buildings. Unlike shallow foundations, deep foundations (piles) pass through weak or soft soil deposits and can reach stiff soil or bedrock to support the weight of the structure. In this paper, the performance of a medium embedment depth piled raft foundation in soft soil is presented. A numerical model was developed and a parametric study was conducted in order to simulate the case of such a foundation system and to investigate its performance in soft clay. This parametric study investigated the effect of the geometry of a piled raft foundation and the stiffness ratio between the pile material and clay on the performance of the foundation system in soft soil. Additionally, the failure mechanism of such a foundation system under load was examined. An analytical model was developed to predict the ultimate carrying capacity based on the observed failure mechanism. A semi-empirical model is proposed for determining the Improvement Factor (IF) of a given soil, pile, and geometric condition. Findings of the study indicate that the performance of piled raft foundations on soft soils is significantly affected by the piles’ spacing. As the ratio S/D increases, the ultimate carrying capacity of a piled raft foundation decreases. However, when this ratio exceeds 10 (S/D> 10), piles have little or no effect on the ultimate carrying capacity of this foundation system. A piled raft foundation system fails by bearing at the base of the piles and also by shear at the side of the pile group on hyperbolic plans. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-04-01 Full Text: PDF
4
Srihandayani, Susy, and Mas Mera. "Analysis of the behaviour of the floating pipe pile foundation on soft soil." E3S Web of Conferences 464 (2023): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346409006.
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Planning the foundation according to the characteristics of the soil is the most important thing before starting construction. In recent studies, the use of PVC pipe pile foundations has been introduced. These foundations, called floating foundations, offer a lighter and more economical solution for simple buildings on soft soils. The study involved variations in pipe diameters of consistent lengths. In laboratoryscale axial loading tests, the behaviour of pipe stacks against load drop is observed. The bearing capacity of pipe piles is evaluated through a static loading test, with one end of the pipe pile hermetically sealed and aspirated in an alternating pile in a glass box filled with soft soil with a content of 98%. The results of this test are then analyzed with the Chin Method Interpretation to determine the carrying capacity and behaviour of pipe piles against soft soil, The results of the analysis show that the diameter of the pipe piles has a significant effect on the bearing capacity of the foundation. Although the results are promising, further research is still needed, especially in the development of foundation construction suitable for multi-storey buildings in areas with soft soil or peat
5
Yu, Xu, Zhicheng Shan, Haiyang Zhuang, and Guoxing Chen. "Comparative Experiment and Analysis of a Base-Isolated Structure with Small Aspect Ratio on Multi-Layered Soft Soil Foundation and Rigid Foundation." Sustainability 15, no. 11 (2023): 8693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15118693.
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Through conducting a comparative experimental study of small-aspect-ratio isolated structure models on multi-layered soft soil foundations and rigid foundations, this paper investigates the influence of soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects on the seismic response of small-aspect-ratio isolated structures on multi-layered soft soil foundations. An energy balance equation for isolated structure systems considering SSI effects is proposed, and the impact of SSI effects on the energy dissipation response of small-aspect-ratio isolated structures on multi-layered soft soil foundations is analyzed in depth. The analysis results reveal that SSI effects on multi-layered soft soil foundations reduce the first-order natural frequency of the isolated structure system and significantly increase the damping ratio of the system. Furthermore, the rotational effect of the isolated structure foundation is significant on multi-layered soft soil foundations, and the isolation layer has a certain amplification effect on the rotational effect of the foundation. The study shows that SSI effects on multi-layered soft soil foundations may either increase or decrease the seismic response of isolated structures. Moreover, due to the influence of SSI effects, the ratios of kinetic energy, damping energy dissipation, and hysteresis deformation energy dissipation of the isolated structure on multi-layered soft soil foundations are significantly different from those on rigid foundations. The research concludes that the influence of SSI effects is more significant during large earthquakes, where the ratios of kinetic energy and damping energy dissipation of the isolated structure increase, the hysteresis deformation energy dissipation ratio of the isolation layer decreases, and the magnitude of the decrease is related to the characteristics of the input seismic motion. This research has significant implications for improving the seismic design theory of small-aspect-ratio isolated structures on multi-layered soft soil foundations.
6
Lin, Y., G. Tang, X. Ma, C. Y. Ma, and Z. Wang. "Load-bearing response of deep content mixing soft soil composite foundation based on the geotechnical centrifugal model test." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1336, no. 1 (2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1336/1/012006.
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Abstract Deep cement mixing (DCM) is an effective method of treating soft underwater soil foundations. Currently, the real-time failure development of a composite foundation cannot be obtained by most model tests of DCM pile foundation reinforcement. In this study, a circuit device for identifying pile failure and that can reflect the real-time working state of piles arranged at different positions in a soft soil composite foundation was developed. By applying this device to a geotechnical centrifugal model test, the load-bearing response process of a bank slope reinforced with a soft-soil composite foundation and DCM piles was studied. The failure development law of the DCM piles, ultimate surcharge of the bank slope, failure mode of the foundation, and the pile-soil stress ratio were determined from the test results. The law obtained in this study provides a reference for the application of DCM piles in underwater soft soil foundation engineering.
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Kurnia, Melissa, and Paulus Pramono Rahardjo. "Performance Analysis Of “Toga” Foundation With Cap On Thick Soft Soil Based On Laboratory Models And Finite Element Analysis." UKaRsT 4, no. 2 (2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v4i2.1072.
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Various alternative foundations are offered depending on soil conditions from the results of soil investigations. In difficult soil types such as thick, soft soil layers, pile foundation is generally used to avoid the excess settlements, but deep foundations for small buildings are not the right solution when viewed from a cost perspective. One of the more economical foundations is to use the” toga” foundation, with a plate on top and a caisson underneath where the caisson can be inserted into the soil with an open end. Through this study, the carrying capacity of the” toga” foundation will be analyzed. Then the foundation will be made on a laboratory scale and tested with axial load. The load and deformation relationship were analyzed using PLAXIS 3D analysis. It can be concluded the performance of the ”toga” foundation on thick, soft soil can be used for two-floored buildings
8
Sianturi, Novdin Manoktong, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Dermina Roni Santika Damanik, Virgo Erlando Purba, and Deardo Samuel Saragih. "The Mechanical Behavior of Soft Soil Stabilized with Lime and Volcanic Ash." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 28, no. 1 (2022): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v28i1.41963.
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The properties of soft clay can be seen from the compressive strength value through the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. Soft soil was less well used as the subgrade for construction. The aim is to determine the increase in the unconfined compressive strength and bearing capacity of the foundation due to the addition of lime and volcanic ash on soft soil. Soft soil has undrained shear strength < 25 kPa based on the unconfined compressive strength test. The unconfined compressive strength test has been conducted on the soil-lime mixture and soil-volcanic ash mixture of 3-12% respectively to the weight of dry soil. The highest unconfined compressive strength values were found in soils with 6% of lime and 9% of volcanic ash. The bearing capacity of the foundation on soil stabilized with 6% lime increased 13.7 times, while the bearing capacity of the foundation on the soil with the addition of 9% volcanic ash increased the ultimate bearing capacity of 8.7 times the bearing capacity of the foundation on soft soil. The bearing capacity of the foundation on lime stabilized soil is higher than the bearing capacity of the foundation on volcanic ash stabilized soil.
9
Sun, Jinbo, Li Guo, Liang Gong, Fei Zheng, and Hao Hao. "Calculation and Analysis of Nonlinear Algorithm for Stability of Nanosilica Powder Soft Soil Pile Foundation." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022 (August 24, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1451633.
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In order to reasonably evaluate the stability of the embankment supported by the rigid pile composite foundation, a nonlinear algorithm calculation and analysis method for the stability of the nanosilica powder soft soil pile foundation is proposed. First, the soft soil foundation reinforced by the composite structure of “piles (prestressed pipe piles, (cement fly-ash gravel, CFG) piles)—pile caps—geotextile pads” is analyzed through the soft soil embankment test section of the Wenfu high-speed railway. Second, the compressive modulus under one-dimensional confining compression is calculated using the layered summation method. Finally, the deep lateral deformation of the pile foundation soil is measured by an inclinometer to evaluate the actual displacement of the pile foundation soil. In the standard method, the empirical coefficient 1.1–1.7 is multiplied on the basis of the calculation result of this method to correct the calculation error. Combined with the test results, it is shown that nanosilica powder can give full play to its excellent characteristics: promoting hydration speed and hydration degree through the reaction of pozzolan refining and consuming Ca(OH)2 crystals produced by cement hydration. Soft soils and modified soft soils: a certain amount of nanosilica powder can significantly improve the strength of soft soil at different ages.
10
Lin, Jisheng, Shaowen Yu, Yunhua Luo, et al. "Research on Stability of Dam Substation on Inclined Soft Soil Foundation Reinforced by Pile Foundation." Water 15, no. 20 (2023): 3527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15203527.
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For the construction of dam substations in coastal or mountainous areas, inclined soft soil foundations are very common. The unique engineering characteristics of inclined soft soil foundations can bring great difficulties to the construction of dam substations. In this paper, a pile foundation reinforcement dam slope model on an inclined soft soil foundation is established; the influence of different pile spacings, the pile length, and the soft soil foundation angle on the slope safety factor is studied; and the failure mechanism and stability of pile-supported dam slope foundation are analyzed. The research results indicate that pile foundation reinforcement can reduce the deformation of the dam slope foundation and improve stability. The pile layout has an important impact on stability, but a change in the pile spacing has little effect on the settlement surface at the bottom of the dam slope. The pile length has a significant impact on the safety of the slope within a certain range. The main stress area of the pile is 0–2 m above the pile, and its main deformation is the lateral deformation of the upper part of the pile. The research results of this article can provide parameter support and theoretical guidance for the construction of dam substations.
11
Liu, Guangjun, and Cheng Liu. "Derivation of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity Formula for Layered Foundations Based on Meyerhof’s Theory." Applied Sciences 14, no. 12 (2024): 5121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14125121.
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In this paper, based on Meyerhof’s theory of homogeneous foundation, the limit equilibrium analysis method and unified logarithmic spiral sliding surface assumption are used to derive the theoretical formula for the ultimate bearing capacity of a layered foundation when the foundation is completely rough. It should be noted that this formula is only applicable to strip foundations of upper soft clay and lower sandy soil. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted between theoretical formulas and semiempirical formulas for layered foundations. On the basis of verifying the reliability of the theoretical formula results, numerical simulation is carried out to further explore and analyze the influence of the width to depth ratio of the foundation, the strength parameters of the double-layer soil, and the thickness of the upper soft soil on the bearing capacity of the foundation. Research has shown that the formula for the bearing capacity of a layered foundation derived in this paper has a certain degree of error compared to Meyerhof’s semiempirical formula, but it is in good agreement with numerical simulation results and Hansen’s weighted average method results. The ratio of the width to depth of the foundation, the ratio of the cohesive force of the double-layer soil, and the tangent ratio of the internal friction angle have a significant positive correlation with the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation. The increase in thickness of the overlying cohesive soil has a negative impact on the ultimate bearing capacity of the foundation, and the thicker the soil, the smaller the foundation’s bearing capacity.
12
Liu, Qi Xia, and Yang Zhao. "Application of Vacuum Preloading for Soft Foundation Treatment in Grain Storage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 1207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.1207.
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The application of vacuum preloading for soft foundation treatment in grain storage is introduced from its principle，design，construction and the inspections. Its obvious effect is proved by example. The east coast of China is the most developed economical area and major grain and oil manufacturers. Many grain and oil depots have been established. However, in the places where the depots located, soil is soft dirt with low strength grade, high compressibility, small permeability and high possibility of plastic flow, has increased difficulties of grain and oil depots foundation construction. Without enough knowledge of soft soil and lacking of proper foundation construction method and good technology, depots may slip due to foundation’s erosion, and big settlement. If the structure slips, equipments for aeration, dehumidifier, antivirus equipment cannot work well. Based on the statement above, reasonable and effective methods for soft soil foundation work is the key point for construction of high quality and high standard grain and oil depots. This paper mainly discussed when we do depots construction work on the soft soil foundation, exact calculation, construction method and result test of fasten method for the soft foundation under the vacuum circumstance of preloading.
13
Sulardi, Sulardi, Pria Agung Widodo, Abdi Suprayitno, Hamriani Ryka, Rohima Sera Afifah, and Kukuh Jalu Waskita. "PONDASI BALIK KOTAK DITANAH LUNAK." INFO-TEKNIK 21, no. 2 (2021): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/infotek.v21i2.10051.
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The problem is the difficulty in determining the type and method of manufacture and installation of foundation on soft soils. The research objective is to provide an overview of the type of foundation, the method of manufacture and the method of installation of the foundation which is suitable and suitable in the soft soil environment. This research method uses used research methods with trial and error, and with a case study approach method, namely the case of difficulties in overcoming the problem of the availability of permanent structural support foundations and refinery operation equipment on soft soil. The results showed that the type and shape of the foundation that is suitable and to solve the problem is the foundation behind the box. This foundation specification is an inverted box with reinforced concrete material and certain dimensions with cover plates. The results of this used research also show that the inverted box type of foundation is suitable for supporting equipment supporting refinery operations such as pipe supports and other refinery operation equipment.
14
Wei, Jihong, Yan Men, Feng Zhu, Huilin Le, and Haotian Fan. "The reinforcement effects of deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation under dynamic compaction." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 6 (2018): 168781401878263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018782633.
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The dynamic compaction method is effective to reinforce soft soil foundation with a low degree of saturation. However, deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation has some different characteristics. It has been widely considered that dynamic compaction method is unsuitable to improve the characters of deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation. In this article, we will show that the dynamic compaction method with vacuum well-point dewatering is effective to deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation reinforcement. In situ and laboratorial experiments are used to assess the reinforcement effect of the deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation. Our results show that the dynamic compaction method causes long dissipation time of pore water pressure, and the dynamic compaction method with vacuum well-point dewatering makes construction time of a project 25% shorter. The effective depth of deep soft soil foundation with high degree of saturation reinforcement using the two experimental methods can reach to 8.0 m. In comparison with the total settlement and layered settlement of the dynamic compaction method with vacuum well-point dewatering, the dynamic compaction method settlement is relatively smaller. For soils with depth of 4 m, the reinforcement effect of dynamic compaction method with vacuum well-point dewatering is obviously superior to dynamic compaction method. Based on these results, we suggest construction procedures for different reinforcement depth of soils and construction time.
15
Zhu, Banghua, Gang Shi, and Zihe Wei. "One-Dimensional Nonlinear Consolidation Analysis Using Hansbo’s Flow Model and Rebound-Recompression Characteristics of Soil under Cyclic Loading." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (September 7, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9919203.
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Hansbo’s flow model for one-dimensional consolidation analysis of saturated clay has been widely recognized as being the most representative for soft soils. Many studies have used the model to examine the characteristics of soil under various conditions. However, very few studies have considered soil under cyclic loading. In this study, using a Hansbo’s flow model and assuming known characteristics for soft clay deformation and rebound and recompression of soil, the one-dimensional consolidation model of soft clay under cyclic loading is established. A FlexPDE solution scheme with excess pore pressure u and void ratio e as variables is also given. The reliability of the proposed method is verified by comparing the obtained results with existing results. On this basis, the consolidation characteristics of soft clay foundations under unilateral drainage and cyclic loading are studied. The effects of soil rebound and recompression characteristics, Hansbo’s flow parameters, cyclic loading period, and cyclic loading form on the consolidation characteristics of soft clay foundation are analyzed. The results show that under cyclic loading, the effective stress, void ratio, and average consolidation degree of the foundation all present a cyclic state and gradually enter a stable cyclic state with the increase in cycles. The peak of effective stress lags behind the peak of cyclic load. The rebound and recompression characteristics of soil have little effect on the effective stress of soil but a great effect on the void ratio. In contrast to its characteristic under linear loading, the average consolidation degree of the foundation under cyclic loading finally enters a stable cyclic state. The results of the analysis can be used as a reference in the analysis of real life highways, railways, subway tunnels built on soft soil foundations subjected to periodic cyclic loading.
16
Zhai, Hanbo, Hongyan Ding, Puyang Zhang, and Conghuan Le. "Model Tests of Soil Reinforcement Inside the Bucket Foundation with Vacuum Electroosmosis Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (2019): 3778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183778.
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Offshore wind turbine foundations are commonly subjected to large horizontal, vertical, and bending moment loads. Marine soils have high moisture content, high compressibility, high sensitivity, and low strength, resulting in insufficient foundation bearing capacity. In order to improve the bearing capacity of wind turbine foundations and reduce foundation settlement, an internal vacuum preloading method combined with electroosmosis reinforcement is used to reinforce the soil within bucket foundations. The pore water pressure, vertical settlement, pumping quality of the soil during the reinforcement process, soil moisture content before and after the reinforcement, and undrained shear strength were analyzed. Horizontal and vertical bearing capacity model tests were carried out on the reinforced and nonreinforced soil inside the bucket foundation. Results show that vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis reinforcement reduces soil moisture content inside the bucket foundation by approximately 20%, and the undrained shear strength of the internal soil increases by approximately 20 times. Soil reinforcement has high spatial uniformity. Results of the bucket foundation bearing capacity model show that when the soil inside the bucket foundation is strengthened, horizontal bearing capacity increased by 2.9 times and vertical bearing capacity increased by 2.1 times. Vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis reinforcement can effectively improve the shear strength of soft soil and enhance the bearing capacity and stability of bucket foundations.
17
Zhang, Heng, Chao Su, Jiawei Bai, Rongyao Yuan, Yujun Ma, and Wenjun Wang. "The Rheological Analytical Solution and Parameter Inversion of Soft Soil Foundation." Symmetry 13, no. 7 (2021): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071228.
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In soft soil engineering projects, the building loads are always required to be symmetrically distributed on the surface of the foundation to prevent uneven settlement. Even if the buildings and soft clay are controlled by engineers, it can still lead to the rheology of the foundation. The analytical solution based on the Laplace integral transformation method has positive significance for providing a simple and highly efficient way to solve engineering problems, especially in the long-term uneven settlement deformation prediction of buildings on soft soil foundations. This paper proposes an analytical solution to analyze the deformation of soft soil foundations. The methodology is based on calculus theory, Laplace integral transformation, and viscoelastic theory. It combines an analytical solution with finite theory to solve the construction sequences and loading processes. In addition, an improved quantum genetic algorithm is put forward to inverse the parameters of soft soil foundations. The analytical solution based on Laplace integral transformation is validated through an engineering case. The results clearly illustrate the accuracy of the method.
18
Pang, Yi Ling, and Duan Ming Dai. "Simulation of Dynamic Compaction on Soft Soil Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2373.
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Aiming at soft soil foundation, this paper simulates the process of dynamic compaction on soft soil foundation by ABAQUS, and analyzes soil stress and displacement under the effect of same tamping energy on different drop height, ram. The law of consolidation on the soil foundation has been forecasted more accurately, which is more valuable for the similar project on dynamic compaction on soft soil foundation.
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Cao, Xueye, Junhai Zhao, Jiaqiang Ji, Jielong Sun, and Mingming Qiu. "Triple-Shear Unified Solution for Bearing Capacity of Unsaturated Soft Soil Foundations with Hard Crust." Geofluids 2022 (July 19, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4758311.
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The bearing capacity of unsaturated soft soil foundations is affected by natural or artificial hard crust, due to the stress diffusion and closure effect. Based on the triple-shear unified solution of shear strength for unsaturated soil, the analytical solutions of critical edge load and critical load of unsaturated soft soil with hard crust are derived with the consideration of the lateral pressure coefficient K 0 ≠ 1 . The formulas are degraded and compared. Meanwhile, the influences of stress diffusion, increased load, matric suction, intermediate principal, and lateral pressure coefficient are conducted on the bearing capacity of unsaturated soft soil foundations with hard crust. The results show that the critical edge load and critical load increased, and the stress diffusion coefficient decreased with the increase of the ratio of elastic modulus between hard crust and soft soil. The bearing capacity of soft soil foundation increased with the consideration of the stress diffusion and closure effect of hard crust. The effect of matric suction is remarkable, and the critical edge load and critical load linearly increase with the increase of low matric suction and variate with the dual influence of high matric suction. The bearing capacity of unsaturated soft soil foundation is obviously higher than that of saturated soil. The critical edge load and critical load increased with the increase of intermediate principal stress and lateral pressure coefficient. The triple-shear unified solution for bearing capacity of unsaturated soft soil foundation with hard crust contains different solutions under various working conditions, which has important theoretical significance and widely engineering application.
20
Liu, Bin, and Xiugen Jiang. "Consolidation and Deformation Characteristics of Soft Rock Foundation in Hydrological Wetland Environment." Earth Sciences Research Journal 24, no. 2 (2020): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v24n2.87920.
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The widespread distribution of soft rock and soft soil in hydrological wetland environment is a common geotechnical engineering problem encountered in coastal engineering construction. To solve this problem, a study method for consolidation and deformation characteristics of soft rock and soft soil foundation in hydrological wetland environment is proposed. Taking K9+280-K11+120 section along Fu-Nehe section of National Highway 111 as the research object, the consolidation and deformation characteristics and loading conditions of soft soil foundation under embankment filling load, treatment methods of soft rock foundation, stratum conditions, temperature changes and time effects are analyzed. The results show that although the wetland soft rock and soil layer is not thick, the settlement of soft rock and soil accounts for more than 80% of the total settlement. Negative temperature has a certain influence on the consolidation settlement of soft rock foundation, which is mainly manifested in the difference between the settlement process of the central separation zone and the roadbed soft soil foundation; the pore water pressure of soft rock foundation dissipates to varying degrees. According to the monitoring results of settlement and pore water pressure, bagged sand wells are more suitable for soft rock foundation engineering treatment in hydrological wetland. The research results can provide a reference for the study, calculation and design of consolidation and deformation of soft rock foundation in hydrological wetland.
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Tregub, O. V., V. V. Kovalov, Yev O. Lando, S. M. Kochan, and I. G. Andreieva. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE ROAD EMBANKMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION ON SOFT SOILS." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 2 (026) (April 27, 2025): 126–39. https://doi.org/10.30838/ujcea.2312.270425.126.1152.
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Problem statement. Ensuring the bearing capacity of bases is a pressing issue in the construction of roads and artificial structures on soft soils. The method of preloading the base ensures the strengthening of soft soils. However, the calculation and design methodology for the roadbed, taking into account the specific features of its interaction with the soil base during construction, requires improvement. The purpose of the research is to improve the methodology of numerical modeling using the finite element method (FEM) for the stress-strain state (SSS) of road embankments during construction on soft soils, taking into account their precompression. Research Results. The reliability of soil models was assessed through test numerical modeling of field tests on foundations using the ideal elastic-plastic model with the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and the Hardening Soil model, utilizing the PLAXIS 3D software. The study considered tasks such as modeling the stress-strain state (SSS) during loading and partial unloading (precompression effect) of a soft soil layer during the construction of a road embankment, determining the time required for settlement stabilization, modeling the SSS during the compaction of soft soil with vertical sand drains and a filtration layer, and modeling the embankment on a sand cushion. Based on the numerical modeling results, the dimensions of the strengthening and plastic deformation zones in the base and the allowable pressure for soil improvement were determined. The consolidation time of the soil and settlement stabilization of the foundation were calculated based on the dissipation of excess pore pressure in the soft water-saturated soil layer. The stability of the embankment slopes was checked by calculating the “safety factors”. Conclusions. For modeling the FEM SSS of foundations under loading and partial unloading (precompression effect) of a soft soil layer during the construction of a road embankment, the use of an elastic-plastic isotropic hardening model is advisable. The application of the preload method using a filtering embankment with vertical drains will strengthen the soft soils and increase the bearing capacity of the foundation in a short period, allowing the road to be used without significant additional deformations, thus enhancing its reliability during operation. The proposed method of numerical modeling FEM SSS can be applied in the design of structures on soft soils, which involves the calculation of settlements and stresses, excess pore pressure, consolidation time, analysis of plastic deformation zones, soil strengthening and stability.
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Son, Bui Truong. "APPLICATION THE POINT FOUNDATION (PF) METHOD FOR SOFT SOIL IMPROVEMENT: A CASE STUDY FROM VETNAM." Iraqi Geological Journal 53, no. 2D (2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.53.2d.1ms-2020-10-23.
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The point foundation method is the head enlarged cement deep mixing columns with high-quality control which can be used for soft ground improvement. The article aims to present the application of this method to treat soft soil for the foundation of Samse Vina factory, Ninh Binh province. The thickness of soft soil varies from 5.4 m to 7.4 m with high compressibility and low shear strength. Thus, point foundation was used to improve this layer. The prediction methods of soil bearing capacity and the settlement on the point foundation were calculated. After the treatment of soil, the unconfined compression strength of the point foundation column was determined and the static compression test for the point foundation column was also performed. The research results show that this method can significantly reduce the settlement of shallow footing and improved the bearing capacity of the soil. The final settlement of shallow footing was smaller than 2.54 cm and the bearing capacity of soil treatment can be satisfied with the requirement of construction building. This is a successful case of the application of point foundation to improve soft soil in Vietnam.
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Tang, Peng, and Ding Yong Yu. "Study on Optimal Selection for Soft Soil Foundation Treatment Methods of Port Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 2007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.2007.
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In this paper, advantages and disadvantages of single evaluation methods in solution selection of soft soil foundation treatment are analyzed and evaluated. Grey multilevel evaluation model combined AHP method and GRAP method is used in method selection of soft soil foundation treatment. Three kinds of soft soil foundation treatment schemes to be adopted in breakwater engineering construction in the west area of Yantai port are analyzed. And optimal selection of soft foundation treatment schemes is realized. It indicates that grey multilevel evaluation methods is reliable in results and possesses certain practical applicability and effectiveness, which provides a new way for optimal selection for soft soil foundation treatment methods of port engineering.
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Zhang, Yan, Zhu Bing Zhu, Zi Xia Feng, and Xi Yu Xu. "Seismic Response Analysis of Tower-Foundation-Soil Dynamic Interaction in Transmission Line Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1112.
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Considering the contact effect between foundation and soil, the dynamic interaction model of tower-foundation-soil coupled system is set up with visco-elastic artificial boundary as the soil boundary. The seismic time history response of a tower-foundation-soil system under three different site conditions is calculated, and compared with the results that do not consider the effect of tower-foundation-soil dynamic interaction. It shows that the displacement of tower and the axial stress of the members substantially increased on soft sites and medium soft sites while no significant change on medium hard sites and hard sites when tower-foundation-soil dynamic interaction is considered. Therefore, it is suggested that the tower-foundation-soil dynamic interaction should be considered in aseismic design of transmission tower on soft sites and medium soft sites.
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Li, Zi Lin, and Kai Feng Zhang. "Application and Research on New Technology of Foam Lightweight Soil in Treatment of Soft Soil Foundation of Railway Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 1622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.1622.
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Foam lightweight soil is a new type of material appearing in recent years, whose advantages are paid more and more attention to by engineers and it will have broad application prospect in the engineering. An in-depth study application of foam lightweight soil in the complex of railway soft soil foundation treatment what based on a railway foundation project in Tianjin, this paper discusses the actual application state of foam lightweight soil in handling of special railway soft soil foundation. Through in-depth analysis of the advantages of a foam lightweight soil, optimization of construction replacement thickness and moisture density, discussion on construction of it, we can find large advantages of foam lightweight soil as replacement material in the complex railway soft soil foundation treatment, and provide new ideas about processing complex soft foundation.
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Pan, Feng Wen. "Observation and Evaluation of Subgrade’s Settlement." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2075.
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Due to the diversification of soft soil’s treatment methods in coastal region, the evaluation of the treatment‘s effect on freeway is the main basis of the acceptance check. According to some highway’s soft soil foundation’s treatment combined with data of ground settlement during construction, make science evaluation of the treatment effect on soft soil foundation.
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Liu, Qi Xia, and Yang Zhao. "Application of Vacuum Preloading for Soft Foundation Treatment in Grain Storage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 226-228 (November 2012): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.226-228.1359.
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The application of vacuum preloading for soft foundation treatment in grain storage is introduced from its principle, design, construction and the inspections. Its obvious effect is proved by example. The vacuum preloading method can effectively improve the soft soil foundation’s physical and mechanical performance and increase the bearing capacity of soft soil of coastal areas. For the grain storage, oil depot especially for large reserves of oil depot project, the treatment effect is remarkable. It can be widely used in the ground treatment in the soft soil area for grain storage, oil depot construction.
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Zhussupbekov, Askar, Assel Sarsembayeva, Baurzhan Bazarov, and Abdulla Omarov. "Experimental and Numerical Study of a Cone-Top Pile Foundation for Challenging Geotechnical Conditions." Applied Sciences 15, no. 14 (2025): 7893. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147893.
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This study investigates the behavior and performance of a newly proposed cone-top pile foundation designed to improve stability in layered, deformable, or strain-sensitive soils. Traditional shallow and uniform conical foundations often suffer from excessive settlement and reduced capacity when subjected to vertical loads and horizontal soil deformations. To address these limitations, a hybrid foundation was developed that integrates an inverted conical base with a central pile shaft and a rolling joint interface between the foundation and the superstructure. Laboratory model tests, full-scale field loading experiments, and axisymmetric numerical simulations using Plaxis 2D (Version 8.2) were conducted to evaluate the foundation’s bearing capacity, settlement behavior, and load transfer mechanisms. Results showed that the cone-top pile foundation exhibited lower settlements and higher load resistance than columnar foundations under similar loading conditions, particularly in the presence of horizontal tensile strains. The load was effectively distributed through the conical base and transferred into deeper soil layers via the pile shaft, while the rolling joint reduced stress transmission to the structure. The findings support the use of cone-top pile foundations in soft soils, seismic areas and areas affected by underground mining, where conventional designs may be inadequate. This study provides a validated and practical design alternative for challenging geotechnical environments.
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Liu, Hong Jun, Wei Shan, Yan Qiu Yang, Chun Jiao Wang, Ying Guo, and Pi Xiang Wang. "The Engineering Properties Comparative Study of Wetlands Soft Soil and Soft Soil of other Genesis." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 484–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.484.
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In order to provide technical reference in soft soil foundation treatment for construction of high-grade highway in wetlands soft soil area,by collecting undisturbed soil samples in Qiqihaer-Fuyu section of Jiagedaqi-Beijing highway and using triaxial tests, direct shear test, compressed consolidation testing and other testing methods, a detailed laboratory test and study has been carried out on the soft soil engineering properties and the comparative study on physical and mechanical index, compressed consolidation properties, shearing strength and shearing strength index and so on of wetlands soft soil and other genesis soft soil has been carried out,the results showed that: wetlands soft soil is better than delta soft soil in basic physical and mechanical index; comparing shearing strength parameters of wetlands soft soil and lacustrine soft soil shows that: under smaller consolidation degree and the consolidation pressure, their cohesion decreased with the increase of consolidation degree;with the consolidation degree and the consolidation pressure become bigger, the cohesion of wetlands soft soil is higher than lacustrine soft soil, internal friction angle changed little; Comparing with marine soft soil, the primary consolidation coefficient of wetlands soft soil is bigger and the secondary consolidation coefficient is smaller, that shows the foundation of wetlands soft soil is easy to drainage and consolidation. The research results have guiding significances for treatment of wetland soft soil foundation.
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Yang, Yitong. "Optimization Analysis of Key Technologies of Super High-Rise Buildings with Soft Soil Foundation." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 51 (May 16, 2023): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v51i.8234.
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The frequency of super high-rise buildings has gradually increased in larger cities. Compared with ordinary buildings, super high-rise buildings involve more difficult technologies of construction. Soft soil foundation is one of the unfavorable foundation types for engineering construction because of its high sensitivity and low bearing capacity. Therefore, the combination of super high-rise buildings and soft soil foundations will greatly increase the insecurity of the project. Although related methods of soft soil treatments have been proposed and optimized in recent years, there is still a lack of targeted construction methods combing for super high-rise buildings, which is of vital significance to improve the safety and efficiency of future construction projects. Based on the case analysis of Jinmao Tower, Shanghai World Financial Center and Shanghai Tower in the Lujiazui zone, this paper summarizes the optimization of key technologies of super high-rise buildings under the background of soft soil foundation. The author hopes to provide a clear reference for future projects by systematically sorting out the construction projects in this typical area.
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Sokolov, M. V., S. M. Prostov, and O. V. Gerasimov. "PREDICTION OF GEOMECHANICAL STATE OF STABILIZED SOIL FOUNDATION OF MINE ENGINEERING BUILDING." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture, no. 6 (December 29, 2019): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-6-199-210.
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Purpose: Prediction of geomechanical state of soft-soil foundation of buildings before and after compaction, reinforcement or stabilization. Calculation of parameters of pressure injec-tion while stabilizing the soft man-made soil foundation, development of recommendations for parameter adjustment of pressure injection.Methods: Numerical methods and computer mod-eling of the soil foundation using the finite element method for studying its geomechanical state of a mining building with regard to heterogeneities of the local geological structure and changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soils.Research findings: The obtained results are based on engineering and geological surveys of the soil foundation of the mining building composed of man-made bulk soils. The stress-strain state of the soil foundation is simulated. As a result of injection compaction the geomechanical state of the soil mass chang-es.Practical implications: Recommendations are given for the parameter adjustment of the injection method. It is shown that the pressure injection method is undoubtedly effective for the soil stabilization for buildings.
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He, Fang Ding, Jin Ping Cui, Jun Sui, and Yi Fan Yu. "Analysis of Differential Settlement Influence on Internal Force of Box Culvert Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.225.
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The foundation settlement of soft soil highway engineering is too large, resulting in pavement wave-like because of differential settlement between the structure and adjacent soft soil foundation, which seriously impacts on traffic safety. Considering the soft soil foundation in the foundation treatment methods of CFG pile, sand bag well, powder spraying pile, we analyze differential settlement on the degree of influence structure internal force distribution, then provide the reference for the design and calculation.
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Ni, Xiuyong. "Discussion on soft soil foundation treatment technology in municipal road and bridge engineering." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016504002.
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Municipal road and bridge engineering is an important part of the transportation road construction in the city. Its construction quality directly affects the transportation quality and driving safety of the whole municipal road traffic. Among them, the foundation engineering of municipal road and bridge engineering is the main construction link. In the current municipal road and bridge construction process, it is often affected by many factors, leading to the reduction of the construction quality of municipal road and bridge engineering, especially the construction treatment of soft soil foundation in the foundation engineering, which is the main factor directly affecting the construction quality of municipal road and bridge. This paper first introduces the definition and relevant characteristics of soft soil foundation in the construction of municipal road and bridge engineering, and expounds the influence of soft soil foundation on municipal road and bridge engineering, and then analyzes the application of soft soil foundation treatment technology combined with the basic treatment ideas of soft soil foundation in the construction of municipal road and bridge.
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Yao, X., T. Chen, and G. Zhang. "Centrifuge model test study on consolidation characteristics of soft soil base with drainage pile in highway widening." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1332, no. 1 (2024): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1332/1/012004.
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Abstract In recent years, the widening of existing highways has emerged as a prominent focal point in highway construction. However, uneven settlement often occurs when highways are widened, which sometimes leads to the cracking of pavements, particularly, on a soft soil foundation. Drainage piles have been used to strengthen soft soils by reducing settlement and accelerating drainage consolidation. However, the drainage effect on the consolidation characteristics of drainage piles is still unclear. In this paper, a series of centrifuge model tests were conducted to study the consolidation characteristics of soft soil fixed with drainage piles in highway widening. The test results show that an obvious settlement exists in the old embankment shoulder, whereas a smaller settlement occur near the embankment axis and below the toe of the new embankment. In comparison with the ordinary pile and drainage board, the drainage piles hasten the settlement process of the soil foundation, indicating that drainage piles can significantly accelerate the consolidation of the soft soil foundation.
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Arab, O. A., A. J. M. S. Lim, S. Y. Sim, and N. A. A. Guntor. "Numerical Modelling Observations of Settlement for Pad Footings Supported on Soft Clay Soil." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1200, no. 1 (2021): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1200/1/012032.
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Abstract Settlement calculation is an important part in the design of shallow foundations resting on soft soils. The size of the foundation, the depth of the footings, and the rise in ground water level are thought to influence settlement and have been the subject of much research for many years. Thus, this study compared several pad footing sizes using numerical techniques as the basis. The first objective of this study was to analyse soil and pad footing settlement, and to determine the optimal size of footing that withstands excessive settlement due to variation in the water table and the depth of the foundation. Three footing embedment depths of 1.5, 2, and 3m with three water table positions, at the GL (0m), 1.5, and 3m with an applied foundation concentrated load of 440 kN using five footing models of 1.5mx1.5m, 2mx1.5m, 2 m x 2 m, 2.5x1.5m, and 2.5x1.5m pad footing with a uniform thickness of 0.5m were considered. In this study, a 3D Plaxis simulation is used for predicting the settlement of shallow foundations on soft clay soils. Settlement results were discovered at various water table positions and foundation depths. The study found that the 2.5x2m footing was deemed the best among the simulated foundations, and the 3m foundation embedment was considered the best at shallow depths due to less excessive settlement than the other tested foundations. The settlement had a significant impact on the size of the foundation and the depth of the footing. The depth of the water table has a small impact on the settlement. Parametric analysis is also being used to gain a better understanding of the behaviour of the elastic settlement of various shallow foundations. It is found that the footing area increases, settlement decreases and vice versa.
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Syahrudin, Syahrudin, Safarudin M. Nuh, and Albert Stanley Michelim. "Comparative Study of the Use of Hydraulic Pile Driver and Crane Mounted Drop Hammer in the Piling of Precast Prestressed Concrete Piles for Building Foundations in Kubu Raya Regency." Jurnal TEKNIK-SIPIL 22, no. 2 (2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtsft.v22i2.60107.
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Most of the soil conditions in Kubu Raya Regency are soft and peat soil with low carrying capacity and the potential for foundation subsidence, especially in high-rise buildings. Using a Hydraulic Static Pile Driver with a capacity of 120 tons and a Crane Mounted Drop Hammer with a capacity of 35 tons is an alternative to driving deep foundations on soft/peat soils. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative study of productivity, costs, risk aspects, occupational safety and health and environmental impacts of the two tools in the work of 30x30 cm precast concrete piles on the foundations of high-rise buildings in Kubu Raya Regency.
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Syahrudin, Syahrudin, Safarudin M. Nuh, and Albert Stanley Michelim. "Comparative Study of the Use of Hydraulic Pile Driver and Crane Mounted Drop Hammer in the Piling of Precast Prestressed Concrete Piles for Building Foundations in Kubu Raya Regency." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 22, no. 2 (2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtst.v22i2.60107.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the soil conditions in Kubu Raya Regency are soft and peat soil with low carrying capacity and the potential for foundation subsidence, especially in high-rise buildings. Using a Hydraulic Static Pile Driver with a capacity of 120 tons and a Crane Mounted Drop Hammer with a capacity of 35 tons is an alternative to driving deep foundations on soft/peat soils. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative study of productivity, costs, risk aspects, occupational safety and health and environmental impacts of the two tools in the work of 30x30 cm precast concrete piles on the foundations of high-rise buildings in Kubu Raya Regency.
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Wang, Yanguang, and Xiaoxia Liu. "Technology Dealing with the Soft Soil Foundation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 170 (July 2018): 022033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/170/2/022033.
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He, Hongjie, Wen Qi, and Cheng Li. "Study on bearing capacity and influencing factors of bucket foundation for towering structures in soft soil areas." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3021, no. 1 (2025): 012090. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3021/1/012090.
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Abstract Bucket foundation is often used in towering structures. Bearing capacity of bucket foundation is one of the focuses in related fields. To investigate the bearing characteristics of bucket foundation in soft soil, a three-dimensional finite element model was established in this paper. This paper systematically investigates the bearing behavior of the foundation in soft soil under load components (horizontal and vertical moment) and analyzes the effect of main design parameters. The results show that the failure modes of bucket foundations are similar when subjected to horizontal loads alone. As the aspect ratio of the bucket foundation increases from 1 to 3, the horizontal and vertical bearing capacity factors increase by 72.12% to 58.29% and 9.59% to 6.10%, respectively.
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Cui, Chun Yi, and Shou Long Chen. "Coupled Computational Analysis of Piled-Raft System on Saturated Rheologic Geomaterial Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 187 (February 2011): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.187.631.
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It is well-known that soils may display strong nonlinear and inelastic characteristics. Furthermore, the viscosity or rheology of soft clays cannot be usually overlooked in the design of major structures founded on soft ground. Especially, rheologic deformation of soils may get considerable under high stress level. In fact, the saturated soft ground usually displays low strength, sensitive thixotropy, and high compressibility. In this paper, the soil deformation on interaction behaviour of piled rafts and soil foundation by using a fully coupled finite-element method of consolidation in which an elasto-viscoplastic model is incorporated. Through numerical computations, it is demonstrated that the coupled creep-consolidation analysis can give a more rational evaluation of overall performance of interaction of piled raft and soils and conventional analyses which overlooks time-dependency of soil deformation may give rise of inaccuracy in engineering evaluation and design of structures.
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Ghosh, Debabrata, Narayan Roy, and Ramendu Bikas Sahu. "Behavior of Low Height Embankment Under Earthquake Loading." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 14, no. 1 (2023): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.315798.
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Low height embankments are widely used as road embankments for highways and rural roads in India. Sometimes, the construction of such types of embankments on soft foundation soil becomes mandatory. In addition to the problematic soft foundation soil, seismic excitation might also play a significant role in the stability of such an embankment. The present study analyses the response of a low height embankment with soft foundation soil under earthquake loading. Numerical simulations have been performed using FLAC2D program. A stiffer half-space with higher shear wave velocity (Vs) has been considered below the soft foundation soil and the earthquake loading has been applied at the bottom of this stiffer half-space. Simulation has been performed considering two different thicknesses of soft foundation soil. In addition to that, three different levels of earthquake shaking and Vs of the stiffer half-space have been considered in the analysis. Results have been presented in the form of PGA amplification, excess pore water pressure, horizontal, vertical static/seismic displacement, etc.
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Long, Minjian, Zhicheng Bai, Zhiyuan Zhang, and Zhenjie Tan. "Research on the Correction of Soil Pressure Distribution Pattern in Circular Working Wells in Soft Soil Areas." Frontiers in Science and Engineering 4, no. 5 (2024): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/28e9ab17.
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This paper investigates the distribution characteristics of earth pressure on circular caisson foundations in soft soil areas based on practical engineering considerations. Utilizing a three-dimensional numerical analysis model and a displacement-based method for earth pressure calculation, the lateral earth pressure on the retaining structure is examined. Adjustments are made to the distribution pattern of earth pressure on circular caisson foundations in soft soil areas. The study demonstrates that the radius of the caisson significantly influences the spatial distribution of soil pressure. Additionally, empirical formulas for the depth and radius of the reduction in soil pressure around circular caisson foundations are obtained through the research. Comparative analysis reveals that the modified earth pressure planar foundation beam method, which accounts for the arching effect, is simpler, features more mature parameter selection, and is more cost-effective than the three-dimensional finite element method. In comparison to the standard planar elastic foundation beam method for earth pressure, it aligns more closely with the actual direction of displacement.
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Wang, Jun, Qingsong Shen, Shuai Yuan, et al. "A Siphon Drainage Method for Consolidation of Soft Soil Foundation." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (2023): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063633.
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The drainage consolidation method can reduce porosity to consolidate soft soils. In this study, a novel siphon drainage method is used as the drainage consolidation method to lower the groundwater level. Compared to other drainage methods, the siphon drainage method is power-free, environmental-friendly, and highly efficient. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the feasibility of the siphon drainage method on soft soil treatment. In addition, the effects of soil permeability and drainage hole spacing on its application efficiency have been studied. The results show that: (a) The siphon drainage method can accelerate the consolidation by lowering the groundwater level; (b) The larger the soil permeability is, the faster the pore water pressure decreases; (c) Adopting 1 m hole-spacing in the siphon drainage is much more efficient than methods which have a 2 m hole-spacing. In addition, the siphon drainage method is proven the effective in soft soil foundation treatment by a field test in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province.
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Yunus, Muhammad, and Risman Firman. "Bearing Capacity and Deformation of Timber Pile-Raft Foundation on Soft Soil Deposits." EPI International Journal of Engineering 7, no. 2 (2025): 68–74. https://doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082024.04.
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A pile-raft foundation is a type of foundation that combines two different types of foundations, a raft base and a pile foundation. These raft bases are one of the most practical economic solutions for buildings because both the support capacity of the raft and the support capability of the pile both work. The paper presents results of the test bearing capacity of piled-raft foundations made from timber in the laboratory and analyzes numerically the deformations that occur in piled raft foundations made of timber. The results of the loading test on the Bakau piled raft foundations in the laboratory obtained the maximum load that can be held by the foundation before experiencing a failure of 85.00 kN with a deformation value of 21.50 mm. Whereas from the load vs. deformation curve, the ultimate bearing capacity is obtained by the Bakau piled raft foundations at 59.00 kN with an ultimate settlement of 6.00 mm. From the results of the validation between the loading test results of the foundation model in the laboratory and the results of numerical analysis, which compared the results of laboratory tests and the results of plaque analysis, the soil with reinforcement of Timber piled raft foundations gave results that were not much different.
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Hokmabadi, Aslan S., and Behzad Fatahi. "Influence of Foundation Type on Seismic Performance of Buildings Considering Soil–Structure Interaction." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 08 (2016): 1550043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415500431.
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In selecting the type of foundation best suited for mid-rise buildings in high risk seismic zones, design engineers may consider that a shallow foundation, a pile foundation, or a pile-raft foundation can best carry the static and dynamic loads. However, different types of foundations behave differently during earthquakes, depending on the soil–structure interaction (SSI) where the properties of the in situ soil and type of foundation change the dynamic characteristics (natural frequency and damping) of the soil–foundation–structure system. In order to investigate the different characteristics of SSI and its influence on the seismic response of building frames, a 3D numerical model of a 15-storey full-scale (prototype) structure was simulated with four different types of foundations: (i) A fixed-based structure that excludes the SSI, (ii) a structure supported by a shallow foundation, (iii) a structure supported by a pile-raft foundation in soft soil and (iv) a structure supported by a floating (frictional) pile foundation in soft soil. Finite difference analyzes with FLAC3D were then conducted using real earthquake records that incorporated material (soil and superstructure) and geometric (uplifting, gapping and [Formula: see text] effects) nonlinearities. The 3D numerical modeling procedure had previously been verified against experimental shaking table tests conducted by the authors. The results are then presented and compared in terms of soil amplification, shear force distribution and rocking of the superstructure, including its lateral deformation and drift. The results showed that the type of foundation is a major contributor to the seismic response of buildings with SSI and should therefore be given careful consideration in order to ensure a safe and cost effective design.
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Vasiya, Vipulkumar, and Chandresh Solanki. "An Experimental Study on Corex (Steel) Slag Reinforced with Terrazyme Treated Clay for Improvement of Soft Soil." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 15 (2022): 5605. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.5605.
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Stability and settlement problems are common for foundations constructed on soft soils. In major parts of the world, ground improvement techniques have been used to mitigate these challenges. This research aims to stabilize the soft soils using corex steel slag blended with terrazyme treated clay. The corex steel slag is an industrial waste formed during the extraction of steel from ores through the corex process. The corex slag of sand size in the form of columns have been used to improve the load-carrying capacity of the soft soils and to control the settlement. To increase the stiffness of the corex slag columns, the terrazyme treated clay was mixed with the corex slag. The terrazyme is an eco-friendly and sustainable organic liquid and it is fully soluble in water. To prepare the terrazyme-processed clay gel 0 to 3 % of terrazyme dissolved in water was used. Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) for terrazyme treated clay were determined through the compaction tests. Appropriate proportions of corex slag and terrazyme treated clay with a suitable curing period were obtained from unconfined compression tests. A series of laboratory model plate load tests for 3 foundation shapes were performed on soft soil, stabilized with a blend of corex slag and terrazyme treated clay. Improvement in the MDD with a reduction in OMC was noticed when terrazyme was added to soft soil. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) value for corex slag increased with an increase in the content of terrazyme treated clay. Model plate load tests showed significant improvement in the load-carrying capacity of soft soil.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Stability and settlements are the major problems for foundation constructed on soft soil
 Corex (Steel) slag blended with terrazyme treated clay is utilized to stabilize the soft soil
 The specimens prepared with corex steel slag and terrazyme treated clay demonstrate remarkable improvement in UCS value at 21 to 28 days of curing
 The soft soil stabilize with specimens in group reveled remarkable improvement in load-carrying capacity of soft soil
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Zheng, Hainan. "Study of Construction Techniques of Highways and Bridges on Soft Soil Foundation." Urban Transportation & Construction 2 (December 1, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/utc.v2i1.10.
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<p>The quality of highways and bridges’ foundation construction influences the overall quality of the projects directly. The soft soil layer shall be investigated in advance during construction in order to analyse and identify the specific reinforcement and processing approaches. The cost, processed effects and safety issues shall be considered prior to reinforcement. Different reinforcement approaches can be used in order to save the cost and ensure the quality of soft soil foundation reinforcement. This paper discusses the preparation of soft soil foundation construction and the technology involved in the construction of highways and bridges on soft soil foundation. It is expected that the study could provide some references to professionals. </p>
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Wang, Bin, Ming-Hui Yuan, Liang Li, Chang-Feng Yuan, Ying Li, and Kan-Min Shen. "Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Affecting the Bearing Capacity of Suction Bucket Foundation in Soft Clay." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (2022): 9615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159615.
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A suction bucket is the foundation for the development of offshore wind power technology in the deep sea, and its stability is crucial to the superstructure of the wind power generation system. Combined with soft clay soil strata along the Chinese coast, the bearing capacity of suction bucket foundations was studied using a numerical model. Sensitivity factors such as soil strength with random space distribution, dimensions of foundation, wind and wave loads in different directions, and cycle times were considered. The results show that the normalized foundation bearing capacity coefficient increases with the increase of the foundation length–diameter ratio. When the foundation length–diameter ratio is less than 1.0, the foundation bearing capacity coefficient is more sensitive to the soil non-uniformity coefficient than the length–diameter ratio. When the length–diameter ratio of the suction bucket is large enough, the influence of the soil non-uniformity coefficient on the bearing capacity of the suction bucket foundation gradually diminishes. When the direction of wind and wave loads is 15°, the bearing capacity of the suction bucket foundation is the weakest. Under the cyclic loads, the shallow soil strength weakens faster in the initial stage and the attenuation rate of soil strength slows down in the latter stage.
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Liu, Hong Jun, and Guo Zhao Quan. "Research of the Anisotropys Effect on the Deformation and Consolidation Coefficient of the Soft Soil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.374.
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The natural soft soil foundations often need to be treated for their difficulty to meet the project requirements. Drainage consolidation method is mainly used in highway projects for large area soft soil foundation treatment, which makes soft ground seepage pathways more complicated. Because of the soft soil anisotropy, the permeability of the different directions of soft ground has certain difference. Based on this, using one-dimensional consolidation test, the effects of anisotropy on the deformation and consolidation coefficient of soft soil are researched through compressing the soft soil with increased pressure time for each stage of load at different depths along the direction perpendicular to deposition surface and direction parallel to deposition surface with the designing multi-level loads. The results show that the compressibility of the soft soil at Jiangmen Binjiang new district has obvious anisotropy, that is, the compression amount along the direction perpendicular to the deposition surface is significantly greater than the amount along the parallel direction. With the increasing consolidation pressure, the variation trend of consolidation coefficient obtained from the compression in the two directions is basically the same, the coefficients of three samples at the different depth along the direction perpendicular to the deposition surface is also greater than the parallel direction, and with the increase of sampling depth the differences of the consolidation coefficient will be more obvious. The research results provide reference for the future design of the soft soil foundation at the region.
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Zhao, Liuyuan, Miaojun Sun, Jianhong Ye, Fuqin Yang, and Kunpeng He. "Characteristics and Rapid Prediction of Seismic Subsidence of Saturated Seabed Foundation with Interbedded Soft Clay–Sand." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 3 (2025): 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030559.
Full textAbstract:
Seabed foundations consisting of interbedded layers of saturated soft clay and sand deposited during the Quaternary period are widely distributed in the coastal areas of Southeastern China. These soil foundations are prone to significant settlement under seismic loading. The study of the seismic dynamic response characteristics of saturated foundations with interbedded soft clay–sand and the development of rapid prediction models are essential for controlling settlement and ensuring the service safety of marine structures. A total of 4000 sets of seabed foundation models are randomly generated, with layers of saturated soft clay and sand and with a random distribution of layer thickness and burial depth. The mechanical behavior of saturated soft clay is described using the Soft Clay model based on the boundary surface theory, and the generalized elastoplastic constitutive model PZIII is used to characterize the mechanical behavior of sandy soil. The finite element platform FssiCAS is employed for a computational analysis to study the characteristics of seismic subsidence in saturated seabed foundations with interbedded soft clay–sand. A machine learning model is implemented based on the Random Forest algorithm, in which 3200 sets of numerical simulation results are used for model training, and 800 sets are used for validating the model’s reliability. The results show that under seismic excitation, the pore water pressure within the saturated seabed foundation with interbedded soft clay–sand accumulates, effective stress decreases, and the seabed foundation softens, to a certain extent. During the post-seismic consolidation phase, significant settlement of the seabed foundation occurs. The fast prediction model based on the Random Forest algorithm could reliably predict the settlement characteristics of submarine foundations. This research provides a new technological avenue for the rapid prediction of the seismic settlement of submarine foundations, which could be of use in engineering design, assessment, and prediction.