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Journal articles on the topic 'Solid circulation rate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 12 June 2025

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1

Hong, Sung Kyu, Hyung Ryun Jang, Dae Ho Lim, Dong Jun Yoo, and Yong Kang. "Solid Circulation Rate in a Viscous Liquid-Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 54, no. 5 (2016): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2016.54.5.706.

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2

Matsuda, Satoru. "Measurement of solid circulation rate in a circulating fluidized bed." Powder Technology 187, no. 2 (2008): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2008.02.004.

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3

Gujjula, Ravi, and Narasimha Mangadoddy. "Prediction of Solid Recirculation Rate and Solid Volume Fraction in an Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed." International Journal of Computational Methods 12, no. 04 (2015): 1540005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876215400058.

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This paper presents a numerical study of gas and solid flow in an internally circulating fluidized bed (ICFB). Two-fluid Eulerian model with kinetic theory of granular flow option for solid phase stress closure and various drag laws were used to predict the hydrodynamic behavior of ICFB. 2D and 3D geometries were used to run the simulations. The 2D simulation results by various drag laws show that the Arastoopour and Gibilaro drag models able to predict the fluidization dynamics in terms of flow patterns, void fractions and axial velocity fields close to the experimental data. The effect of superficial gas velocity, presence of draft tube on solid hold-up distribution, solid circulation pattern, and variations in gas bypassing fraction for the 3D ICFB are investigated. The mechanism governing the solid circulation and solids concentration in an ICFB has been explained based on gas and solid dynamics obtained from the simulations. Predicted total granular temperature distributions in the draft tube and annular zones qualitatively agree with experimental data. The total granular temperature tends to increase with increasing solids concentration in the dilute region (ε < 0.1) and decreases with an increase of solids concentration in the dense region (ε > 0.1). In the dense zone, the decreasing trend in the granular temperature is mainly due to the reduction of the mean free path of the solid particles.

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4

Gnanasunda, Nirmala, Muruganandam Loganathan, and Kumar Perumal. "Viscosity Effects on Solid Circulation Rate in a Liquid Solid Circulating Fluidized Bed." Journal of Applied Sciences 14, no. 10 (2014): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2014.1037.1042.

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5

Alappat, Babu J., and Vishwanath C. Rane. "Solid Circulation Rate in Recirculating Fluidized Bed." Journal of Energy Engineering 127, no. 2 (2001): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9402(2001)127:2(51).

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6

Stollhof, Michael, Stefan Penthor, Karl Mayer, and Hermann Hofbauer. "Estimation of the solid circulation rate in circulating fluidized bed systems." Powder Technology 336 (August 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.05.033.

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7

Luong, Pham Hoang, and S. C. Bhattacharya. "A study of solid circulation rate in a circulating fluidized bed." International Journal of Energy Research 17, no. 6 (1993): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.4440170604.

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8

Liu, Xiandong, Man Zhang, Shuangming Zhang, et al. "Measuring Technologies for CFB Solid Circulation Rate: A Review and Future Perspectives." Energies 15, no. 2 (2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020417.

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Solid circulation rate (Gs) represents the mass flux of circulating particles in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) systems and is a significant parameter for the design and operation of CFB reactors. Many measuring technologies for Gs have been proposed, though few of them can be applied in industrial units. This paper presents a comprehensive study on measuring technologies, and the results indicate that though the accumulation method is most widely applied, it is constrained by the disturbance of normal particle circulation. Some publications have proposed mathematic models based on pressure drop or other parameters to establish Gs measurement models; these necessitate the accurate modeling of complicated gas-solid flows in industrial devices. Methods based on certain measurement devices to specify parameters like velocity require device endurance in the industrial operation environment and stable local gas-solid flow. The Gs measuring technologies are strongly influenced by local gas-solid flow states, and the packed bed flow in standpipes make the bottom of standpipes an ideal place to realize Gs measurement.

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9

Gnanasundaram, N., M. Loganathan, and K. Perumal. "SOLID HOLDUP AND CIRCULATION RATE IN A LIQUID-SOLID CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED WITH VISCOUS LIQUID MEDIUM." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 32, no. 4 (2015): 849–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20150324s00003026.

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10

Natarajan, P., R. Velraj, and R. V. Seeniraj. "Effect of various parameters on the solid circulation rate in a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed." Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering 3, no. 4 (2008): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apj.178.

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11

Kim, Seongil, Sangmin Choi, Jari Lappalainen, and Tae-Ho Song. "Dynamic simulation of the circulating fluidized bed loop performance under the various operating conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 233, no. 7 (2019): 901–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650919838111.

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In a circulating fluidized bed boiler, the large thermal mass and flow characteristics of the solids strongly affect the transient response of the circulating fluidized bed loop temperature, which determines the heat transfer rate to steam flow. Therefore, it is essential to interpret the dynamic response of the solid behavior in the circulating fluidized bed loop for the stable and efficient operation of the circulating fluidized bed boiler. In this study, the dynamic simulation of the solid behavior along with the flue gas flow in a circulating fluidized bed loop was performed by applying the core-annulus approach for the solid-gas flow inside the furnace and selected models for other physical phenomena of the fluidized bed. The circulating fluidized bed loop of a commercial boiler was selected as the target system. Especially, the model simulates the characteristics of the solid behavior, such as the local solid mass distribution, and the solid flow inside the furnace and the circulating solid according to the various operating conditions. These aspects are difficult to measure and quantify in a real power plant. In this paper, the simulated furnace temperature behavior as the representative performance parameter of the circulating fluidized bed loop was discussed along with the qualitative operation experiences reported in the literature. The operating conditions include the feed rate of fuel and air, the particle size, the solid inventory and the solid circulation rate. Furnace temperature behavior was reproduced through the simulation for each operating case in the literature and was analyzed with the solid behavior along with the combustion rate and heat transfer rate of the circulating fluidized bed loop. The simulation enables quantitative evaluation of the effect of the solid behavior on the temperatures of the furnace and return part in the various operating conditions.

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12

Mi, Teng Ge, Ying Zhao, Chang Qing Dong та Wei Liang Cheng. "An Experiment on Solid Circulation Characteristics of a Dual Circulating ﬂuidized Bed Based on Biomaterial Properties and Mechanics Properties". Advanced Materials Research 600 (листопад 2012): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.261.

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In this paper, a dual fluidized bed has been established. The effect of bed material build-up height and gas velocity on the solid circulation rate of CFB (circulating fluidized bed) and BFB (bubble fluidized bed) has been studied. The results show that the solid circulation rate is increased with the increasing of gas velocity Uc and the bed material build-up height. Bed material build-up height of BFB and CFB is changed with the changing of gas velocity Uc. The bed material heights of CFB and BFB have been also investigated in this experiment.

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13

Ludlow, J. Christopher, Esmail R. Monazam, and Lawrence J. Shadle. "Improvement of continuous solid circulation rate measurement in a cold flow circulating fluidized bed." Powder Technology 182, no. 3 (2008): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.06.031.

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14

Ahmed Mahmoud, Emad, Tsutomu Nakazato, Nobuyoshi Nakagawa, and Kunio Kato. "Solid circulation rate in a circulating fluidized bed in the presence of fine powders." Chemical Engineering Science 61, no. 2 (2006): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.08.005.

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15

De Oliveira, Fernanda, Guilherme Santos Furquim, Vitor Otávio Ochoski Machado, Maria Regina Parise, and Jhon Jairo Ramírez Behainne. "OPERATIONAL INFLUENCE OF THE MONO-CHAMBER AERATION MODE IN THE LOOP SEAL OF A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 51, no. 1 (2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2021.181.

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Fluidization numbers varying from 0.84 to 1.68 were used in the loop seal valve of a bench-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) system to analyze the influence of the mono-chamber aeration mode on both the solids circulation rate and the static pressure drop inside the solids recycle device. Runs were carried out using 4 kg of overall solids inventory and particles of 183 µm in Sauter mean diameter, which were kept under fast fluidization regime at superficial gas velocity of 4 m/s. Results showed that the choice of the chamber to be aerated can noticeably affect the gas-solid hydrodynamics. In this sense, the analysis of variance applied on the experimental data indicated that the aeration into the recycle chamber of the loop seal offers lower levels of solids circulation rate but also allows to control it within a wider range of fluidization numbers and with less pressure drop or energy demand.

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16

Shraiber, A. A. "Prediction of the Solid Fuel Burnout Rate in Circulation Systems." Heat Transfer Research 29, no. 6-8 (1998): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.v29.i6-8.90.

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17

Asghar, Aamer Bilal, Saad Farooq, Muhammad Shahzad Khurram, Mujtaba Hussain Jaffery, and Krzysztof Ejsmont. "Estimation of the Solid Circulation Rate in Circulating Fluidized Bed System Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Algorithm." Energies 15, no. 1 (2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010211.

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Circulating Fluidized Bed gasifiers are widely used in industry to convert solid fuel into liquid fuel. The Artificial Neural Network and neuro-fuzzy algorithm have immense potential to improve the efficiency of the gasifier. The main focus of this article is to implement the Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System modeling approach to estimate solid circulation rate at high pressure in the Circulating Fluidized Bed gasifier. The experimental data is obtained on a laboratory scale prototype in the Chemical Engineering laboratory at COMSATS University Islamabad. The Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System use four input features—pressure, single mean diameter, total valve opening and riser dp—and one output feature mass flow rate with multiple neurons in the hidden layers to estimate the flow of solid particles in the riser. Both Artificial Neural Network and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System model worked on 217 data samples and output results are compared based on their Mean Square Error, Regression analysis, Mean Absolute Error and Mean Absolute Percentage Error. The experimental results show the effectiveness of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (Mean Square Error is 0.0519 and Regression analysis R2=1.0000), as it outperformed Artificial Neural Network in terms of accuracy (Mean Square Error is 1.0677 and Regression analysis R2=0.9806).

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18

Vorontsov, V. V., M. N. Shakhova, and S. V. Butova. "Development of process for obtaining crystalline food products with improved granulometric composition." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1052, no. 1 (2022): 012098. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1052/1/012098.

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Abstract The subject of this research is the process of isohydric crystallization of mass from solution in a circulating crystallizer with the ability to control the size of food crystals. The developed design of a continuous circulation crystallizer provides the opportunity to adjust the circulation rate and meet temperature conditions. The functions of the solution particles and solid phase distribution over the time of residence in the crystallizer filled with a circulating suspension are found for the modes of ideal mixing and displacement determined by the circulation ratio of the suspension in the apparatus. The ability to control solution supersaturation and the time of suspension particles residence in the apparatus enables to obtain large production crystals.

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19

Mollick, Palash Kumar, Aniruddha Bhalchandra Pandit, and Pallippattu Krishnan Vijayan. "Parameters Affecting Efficient Solid Circulation Rate in Draft Tube Spouted Bed." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57, no. 25 (2018): 8605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01691.

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20

Kim, Min Kon, Sung Kyu Hong, Dae Ho Lim, Dong Jun Yoo, and Yong Kang. "Effects of Operating Variables on the Solid Circulation Rate in a Three-phase Circulating Fluidized Bed." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 53, no. 4 (2015): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2015.53.4.440.

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21

Kage, Hiroyuki, Ryuhei Abe, Ryusuke Hattanda, Tao Zhou, Hironao Ogura, and Yoshizo Matsuno. "Effect of solid circulation rate on coating efficiency and agglomeration in circulating fluidized bed type coater." Powder Technology 130, no. 1-3 (2003): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(02)00267-x.

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22

Zhang, Huili, Jan Degrève, Raf Dewil, and Jan Baeyens. "Wall-to-Suspension Heat Transfer in a CFB Downcomer." Journal of Powder Technology 2015 (September 8, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/293165.

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With the development of circulating fluidized beds (CFB) and dense upflow bubbling fluidized beds (UBFB) as chemical reactors, or in the capture and storage of solar or waste heat, the associated downcomer has been proposed as an additional heat transfer system. Whereas fundamental and applied research towards hydrodynamics has been carried out, few results have been reported on heat transfer in downcomers, even though it is an important element in their design and application. The wall-to-suspension heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was measured in the downcomer. The HTC increases linearly with the solids flux, till values of about 150 kg/m2 s. The increasing HTC with increasing solid circulation rate is reflected through a faster surface renewal by the downflow of the particle-gas suspension at the wall. The model predictions and experimental data are in very fair agreement, and the model expression can predict the influence of the dominant parameters of heat transfer geometry, solids circulation flow, and particle characteristics.

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23

Chandel, Munish Kumar, and Babu J. Alappat. "A MODEL FOR THE SOLID CIRCULATION RATE IN A RECIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED." Chemical Engineering Communications 193, no. 12 (2006): 1514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440600584250.

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24

Wu, J., Y. Jiang, Z. P. Cao, et al. "Enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge of low organic content in a novel digester." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 6 (2015): 966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.296.

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A novel digester, termed an internal circulation anaerobic digester (ICAD), was developed to intensify sludge digestion. It consists of reaction zone, settling zone, thickening zone, riser and downcomer. Internal circulation in the digester is intensified by backflow biogas. The mesophilic ICAD treating thermal pretreated waste activated sludge with volatile suspended solids (VSS)/suspended solids (SS) of 0.45–0.49 was conducted in this study to reduce and stabilize the low organic content sludge. The results showed that the VSS removal rate and biogas rate reached 46.0% and 0.72 m3/kg VSSfed at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 15 days. VSS/SS and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of the effluent sludge ranged from 0.39 to 0.41 and 274 mg/L to 473 mg/L, respectively, under various HRTs from 10 to 27 days. The degradation ability of ICAD derived from the improved mass transfer by internal circulation and long solid retention time at short HRT is compared with continuous stirred tank reactor.

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25

Wee, S. K., Y. W. Pok, M. C. Law, and V. C. C. Lee. "The study of solid circulation rate in a compartmented fluidized bed gasifier (CFBG)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 36 (June 2016): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/36/1/012036.

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26

Terasaka, Koichi, Shinji Akashi, and Hideki Tsuge. "Development of a J-shaped pneumatic valve to control the solid particle circulation rate in a circulating fluidized bed." Powder Technology 126, no. 1 (2002): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(02)00013-x.

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27

YAN, HONGMING, and VICTOR RUDOLPH. "A NEW METHOD FOR MEASURING SOLID CIRCULATION RATE IN AN COMPARTMENTED FLUIDISED BED GASIFIER." Chemical Engineering Communications 147, no. 1 (1996): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449608936500.

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28

Alghamdi, Yusif, Zhengbiao Peng, Kalpit Shah, Behdad Moghtaderi, and Elham Doroodchi. "Predicting the solid circulation rate in chemical looping combustion systems using pressure drop measurements." Powder Technology 286 (December 2015): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.09.004.

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29

Liu, Daoyin, and Xiaoping Chen. "Solid Circulation Rate in a Continuous CO₂ Absorption Fluidized Bed Reactor." Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 49, no. 9 (2016): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15we124.

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30

Goda, Takeshi, and Masataka Watanabe. "Some Basic Considerations for Marine Disposal of Wastewater and Solid Wastes." Water Science and Technology 18, no. 11 (1986): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1986.0155.

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Renewal time and circulation rate are calculated for lakes, rivers and oceans. The annual circulation of the oceans is found to be only four times that of lakes in absolute amount. The dump sites, categories of wastes and tonnages for the disposal of wastes in the sea in Japan are discussed in detail. The dumping of sewage sludge in Japan is severely restricted due to the effects of trace elements on the marine ecosystem. Results of laboratory tests on the settling characteristics of sewage sludge, toxic effects of ammonia on fish and biomagnification are summarized.

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31

Fakeeha, A. H., M. A. Soliman, and A. A. Ibrahim. "Sensitivity Studies for Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation to Propylene in Circulating Fluidized Bed." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 3, no. 1 (2006): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol3iss1pp19-30.

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In this paper, simulation and sensitivity studies for propane oxidative dehydrogenation to which were propylene in a circulating fluidized bed is undertaken using a previously developed model. Various experimental kinetics, obtained by several investigators for the reaction using different catalysts, are employed in this study. A comparison is made for the performance of certain catalysts when used in a circulating fluidized bed reactor. The effects of changing reaction temperature, solid circulation rate, feed composition, pressure, and gas superficial velocity on reactant conversion and product selectivity and yields are studied. It was found that the catalyst prepared by Ramos et al. is superior to the others with respect to yield.

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32

Deng, Ansart, Baeyens, and Zhang. "Flue Gas Desulphurization in Circulating Fluidized Beds." Energies 12, no. 20 (2019): 3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203908.

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Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is mostly emitted from coal-fueled power plants, from waste incineration, from sulphuric acid manufacturing, from clay brick plants and from treating nonferrous metals. The emission of SO2 needs to be abated. Both wet scrubbing (absorption) and dry or semi-dry (reaction) systems are used. In the dry process, both bubbling and circulating fluidized beds (BFB, CFB) can be used as contactor. Experimental results demonstrate a SO2-removal efficiency in excess of 94% in a CFB application. A general model of the heterogeneous reaction is proposed, combining the external diffusion of SO2 across the gas film, the internal diffusion of SO2 in the porous particles and the reaction as such (irreversible, 1st order). For the reaction of SO2 with a fine particulate reactant, the reaction rate constant and the relevant contact time are the dominant parameters. Application of the model equations reveals that the circulating fluidized bed is the most appropriate technique, where the high solid to gas ratio guarantees a high conversion in a short reaction time. For the CFB operation, the required gas contact time in a CFB at given superficial gas velocities and solids circulation rates will determine the SO2 removal rate.

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33

Zhang, Huiyan, Rui Xiao, Denghui Wang, et al. "Hydrodynamics of a novel biomass autothermal fast pyrolysis reactor: Solid circulation rate and gas bypassing." Chemical Engineering Journal 181-182 (February 2012): 685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.12.057.

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34

Lee, Jong-Min, Jae-Sung Kim, and Jong-Jin Kim. "Characteristics of solid hold up and circulation rate in the CFB reactor with 3-loops." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 18, no. 6 (2001): 1000–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02705632.

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35

Maulana, Riza, Henry Harto, and Tiara Dewi Salindri Pratama. "Formulation of Nifedipine–Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) Solid Dispersion System and Intrinsic Dissolution Rate Evaluation." Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia 19, no. 2 (2022): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v19i2.20545.

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Nifedipine is a drug that acts as an antihypertensive and anti-angina. Nifedipine is known as a drug with poor water solubility. This characteristic will affect the intrinsic dissolution rate so that it can affect the absorption process and reduce the amount of drug that reaches systemic circulation. One of the strategies to increase the intrinsic dissolution rate is developing nifedipine to solid dispersions form. This study aims to observe the intrinsic dissolution rate of nifedipine after it has been made into a solid dispersion. Four samples were prepared, including three solid dispersions of nifedipine-PVP K-30 and one sample of pure nifedipine. The results of the intrinsic dissolution tests are then interpreted through the intrinsic dissolution rate constant (G). The solid dispersions with concentration of nifedipine-PVP K-30 90%:10%; 75%:25%; 60%:40% (w/w), and pure nifedipine produced G values of 3.63; 9.33; 12.63; and 2.08 µg/mm2. min1, consecutively. It shows that the formulation of nifedipine-PVP K-30 solid dispersions has higher G values than pure nifedipine. In addition, increasing PVP K-30 concentration up to 40 % (w/w) can increase the intrinsic dissolution rate of the nifedipine-PVP K-30 solid dispersion system.

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36

Hamja, A., R. Florentin, S. Chénais, and S. Forget. "Highly photo-stable, kHz-repetition-rate, diode pumped circulation-free liquid dye laser with thermal lens management." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 11 (2022): 113301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083867.

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Liquid dye lasers have long been considered as ideal tunable laser sources in the visible range but are bulky, expensive, and require a complex system for dye circulation. Here, we present a system that relies on a low-cost blue laser diode as the pump source and a sealed dye cell with no flowing circuitry, resulting in a device that combines the convenience and size of a solid-state device with the stability of a liquid organic laser. A very high photo-stability is obtained (up to 1.2 × 109 pulses or 12 days at 1 kHz), which is five orders of magnitude higher than a solid-state dye laser operated in similar conditions. The number of pulses obtainable at low repetition rates is found to be limited by molecular self-diffusion and, hence, related to the total cuvette volume. In contrast, the repetition rate is limited to a few kHz, which suggests that thermal effects play a bigger role than triplet population effects. Thermal effects participate in the suppression of lasing through the buildup of a strong negative thermal lens; correcting the non-aberrant part of this thermal lens by resonator design enables the repetition rate to be pushed up to 14 kHz with possible further optimization. This work shows a route for building off-the-shelf, compact, low-cost, and convenient tunable pulsed lasers in the visible range that have superior stability over organic solid-state lasers.

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37

Kaluđerović Radoičić, Tatjana, Mihal Đuriš, Radmila Garić-Grulović, Zorana Arsenijević, and Željko Grbavčić. "Solid circulation rate and particle collisions in quasi two-dimensional water fluidized beds of spherical particles." Powder Technology 253 (February 2014): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2013.11.038.

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38

Peng, Zhengbiao, Elham Doroodchi, Yusif A. Alghamdi, Kalpit Shah, Caimao Luo, and Behdad Moghtaderi. "CFD–DEM simulation of solid circulation rate in the cold flow model of chemical looping systems." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 95 (March 2015): 262–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2014.11.005.

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39

Li, Xiaojie, Jianwei Zhang, and Zhuojing Yang. "Simulation of Migration Law of Organic Pollutants in Circulating Wells." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (July 20, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7342604.

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Groundwater resources are one of the most important freshwater resources for human beings. The protection of groundwater resources is an important measure for human survival. Therefore, it is extremely important to discuss the treatment of pollutants in groundwater. The purpose of this paper is to simulate and analyze the migration law of organic pollutants using the experimental circulating well. In the analysis, this paper uses the gas-liquid-solid three-state model to simulate the pollutants for organic pollutants. It independently analyzes pollutants in different states. For the movement law, this paper not only simulates the vertical transition circulation well in the laboratory but also simulates the transport law of pollutants in the well. The experimental results show that in the laboratory environment, the simulated value of the circulation well designed in this paper is not far from the actual value, and the accuracy rate is more than 90%. And according to the movement law of organic pollutants, it is found that the variable flow rate and the dispersion, porosity, and thickness of the skin have a great influence on the migration of pollutants.

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40

Zhao, Gaoli, Pavel G. Talalay, Xiaopeng Fan, et al. "Optimization of Hot-Water Drilling in Ice with Near-Bottom Circulation." Water 14, no. 1 (2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010127.

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Hot-water drilling in ice with near-bottom circulation is more advantageous than traditional hot-water drilling with all-over borehole circulation in terms of power consumption and weight. However, the drilling performance of this type of drill has been poorly studied. Initial experiments showed that drilling with single-orifice nozzles did not proceed smoothly. To achieve the best drilling performance, nozzles with different orifice numbers and structures are evaluated in the present study. The testing results show that a single-orifice nozzle with a 3 mm nozzle diameter and a nine-jet nozzle with a forward angle of 35° had the highest rate of penetration (1.7–1.8 m h−1) with 5.6–6.0 kW heating power. However, the nozzles with backward holes ensured a smoother drilling process and a larger borehole, although the rate of penetration was approximately 13% slower. A comparison of the hollow and solid thermal tips showed that under the same experimental conditions, the hollow drill tip had a lower flow rate, higher outlet temperature, and higher rate of penetration. This study provides a prominent reference for drilling performance prediction and drilling technology development of hot-water drilling in ice with near-bottom circulation.

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Huang, Jiale, Ruojin Wang, Rongsheng Xu, et al. "Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Variation Characteristics of Particles in a Rolling Fluidized Bed." Processes 11, no. 6 (2023): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11061696.

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When transplanting the gas–solid fluidized bed technology to the offshore floating platform, the gas–solid flow characteristics in the bed will be affected by the rolling of the platform. In this paper, the flow field, especially the dynamic variation characteristics of the particles, in a two-dimensional rolling fluidized bed, is investigated using the numerical simulation method. The results show that when the bed is in an inclined position, the gas/particle phases gather in the upper/lower wall region of the inclined bed. During the rolling process of the bed, this behavior results in a periodic change in the gas–solid flow state near the wall region, forming an overall particle internal circulation flow mode of ‘upward flow rate in the upper wall region and downward flow rate in the lower wall region’. The solid holdup in the lower wall region fluctuates at a low amplitude around high values, with a corresponding downward solid flow rate. Meanwhile, the upper wall region has a high frequency and amplitude of solid holdup fluctuations and a corresponding upward solid flow rate. In addition, affected by the Coriolis force, a ‘lag phenomenon’ appears when the inclination angle decreases, compared with the instantaneous inclination angle increase stage. It is anticipated that this paper will provide theoretical guidance for the engineering application of the fluidized bed on the offshore floating platform.

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Meusel, S., and R. Englert. "Sludge settling processes in SBR-related sewage treatment plants according to the Biocos method." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 10 (2004): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0661.

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This paper describes the investigations in a sedimentation and circulation reactor (SU-reactor) of a three-phase Biocos plant. The aim of these investigations was the determination of the temporal and depthdependent distribution of suspended solid contents, as well as describing the sludge sedimentation curves. The calculated results reveal peculiarities of the Biocos method with regard to sedimentation processes. In the hydraulically uninterrupted (pre-)settling phase, a sludge level depth was observed, which remained constant over the reactor surface and increased linearly according to the sludge volume. The settling and the thickening processes of this phase corresponded to a large extent to the well-known settling test in a onelitre measuring cylinder. During the discharge phase, the investigated settling rate was overlaid by the surface loading rate and the sludge level changed depending on the difference between those two parameters. The solid distribution of the A-phase indicated a formation of functional zones, which were influenced by the surface loading. The formation was comparable to the formation of layers in secondary settling tanks with vertical flow. The concentration equalisation between the biological reactor and the SU-reactor proved to be problematic during the circulation phase, because a type of internal sludge circulation occurred in the SU-reactor. A permanent sludge recirculation seems to be highly recommendable.

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Lv, Kaihe, Hanyi Zhong, and Guanlong Ren. "A Chemical Lost Circulation Agent for Severe Leakage in Drilling." Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal 6, no. 1 (2013): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876973x01306010048.

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This study presents a chemical lost circulation agent with some distinct advantages that make it suitable for use in controlling severe leakage during drilling process. It is a granular solid with irregular shape and able to bridge or fill the cracks and other porous or faulty formations into where the drilling fluid is lost. Then this agent will undergo a chemical reaction with water, and the reaction products fill between particles and bind tightly lost circulation agent particles to each others or to the rocks at the lost circulation zone, thus effectively enhance the compressive strength of the cementing body formed by the agent and prevent lost circulation. Temperature, particle size, and additives added have been shown to have a significant influence on the consolidating rate and compressive strength of the cementing body. In addition, the cementing body has certain permeability, and the permeability can be adjusted, so this agent is proper for use to control lost circulation in reservoir.

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Chourasia, Shivali, and Babu J. Alappat. "Effects of the attrition of bed material on the solid circulation rate in a recirculating fluidized bed." Particulate Science and Technology 36, no. 7 (2017): 808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02726351.2017.1304474.

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Ashouri, S., and Mahmoud Nili-Ahmadabadi. "Effect of Slope Plate Variables and Reheating on the Semi-Solid Structure of Al Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (October 2006): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.201.

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Semi-solid forming (SSF) involves alloys with non-dendrite microstructure that contain spherical solid particles in the liquid matrix. This process is generally divided into three main steps: feedstock manufacturing, reheating and forming. Feedstock has the main effect on the cost and quality of product. Many researches have been carried out to reduce the cost of feedstock manufacturing. Slope plate is a simple semi-solid process that can reduce the cost of feedstock. In this study a Cu plate with water and without water circulation was used to investigate the effect of pouring temperature, cooling rate during casting and solidification in the mold on the microstructure. Cast ingots with optimized microstructure were reheated in various time and temperatures in semi-solid region to obtain kinetics of globularization and solid grain growth.

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González, Iván A., Wenyi Luo, and Xuchen Zhang. "Solid-Tubulocystic carcinoma: A new variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma." World Journal of Hepatology 15, no. 7 (2023): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v15.i7.897.

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Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. In recent years, the occurrence rate of MAFLD has been on the rise, mainly due to lifestyle changes, high-calorie diets, and imbalanced dietary structures, thereby posing a threat to human health and creating heavy social and economic burdens. With the development of 16S sequencing and integrated multi-omics analysis, the role of the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites in MAFLD has been further recognized. The GM plays a role in digestion, energy metabolism, vitamin synthesis, the prevention of pathogenic bacteria colonisation, and immunoregulation. The gut-liver axis is one of the vital links between the GM and the liver. Toxic substances in the intestine can enter the liver through the portal vascular system when the intestinal barrier is severely damaged. The liver also influences the GM in various ways, such as bile acid circulation. The gut-liver axis is essential in maintaining the body’s normal physiological state and plays a role in the onset and prognosis of many diseases, including MAFLD. This article reviews the status of the GM and MAFLD and summarizes the GM characteristics in MAFLD. The relationship between the GM and MAFLD is discussed in terms of bile acid circulation, energy metabolism, micronutrients, and signalling pathways. Current MAFLD treatments targeting the GM are also listed.

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Kaiser, S., G. Löffler, K. Bosch, and H. Hofbauer. "Hydrodynamics of a dual fluidized bed gasifier. Part II: simulation of solid circulation rate, pressure loop and stability." Chemical Engineering Science 58, no. 18 (2003): 4215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(03)00233-1.

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Sugioka, Ryokichi, Kichiro Kaji, Mamoru Taniuchi, and Masami Takao. "Characteristics of two fluidized beds in gas-solid system - Iron ore particle circulation rate between two fluidized beds." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 14, no. 4 (1988): 444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.14.444.

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Lourenço, R. O., Kássia Graciele dos Santos, Valéria V. Murata, Claudio Roberto Duarte, Humberto Molinar Henrique, and Marcos A. S. Barrozo. "Identification of the Spouted Bed Flow Regime by Simulation and Experimental Data." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.329.

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The particle circulation rate and gas–solid contacting efficiency are important parameters for the project of spouted beds, applied in many industrial processes. Due to the restrictions found in the identification of flow regimes through visual observation, new techniques have been developed to obtain a better gas and particle dynamics description, necessary for the evaluation of these parameters. One of these techniques has been the CFD simulation. In this work the pattern of solids and gas flows in a spouted bed was numerically simulated using a 3D Eulerian multiphase model. Soybean particles had been used in the attainment of data of pressure drop fluctuation and power spectrum as a function of gas velocity in an experimental apparatus. The 3D simulated solids volume fraction profiles allow the identification of the flow regimes showing a good agreement with the experimental data.

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Umar, Salman, Rido Farnandi, Hulwa Salsabila, and Erizal Zaini. "Multicomponent Crystal of Trimethoprim and Citric Acid: Solid State Characterization and Dissolution Rate Studies." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, A (2022): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7920.

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BACKGROUND: Trimethoprim is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent with low solubility in water which causes low bioavailability in systemic circulation. AIM: The purpose of this study was to prepare multicomponent crystals of trimethoprim and citric acid to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of trimethoprim. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicomponent crystals were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Characterizations of multicomponent crystalline solid phase properties were carried out by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility and dissolution rate tests were carried out in aqueous medium. RESULTS: The PXRD characterization results showed a new X-ray diffraction pattern in the multicomponent crystal phase. DSC analysis showed the formation of a new endothermic peak. This indicates the formation of a multicomponent crystal phase between trimethoprim and citric acid. The results of the SEM analysis indicate the formation of a new crystal habit. Solubility of multi-component crystal phase of trimethoprim increased 7 times compared to intact trimethoprim. The dissolution of trimethoprim and multicomponent crystals in 0.1 N HCl medium at 60 minutes was 56.36% and 95.57% and CO2-free distilled water medium was 43.03% and 88.26%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the multicomponent phase of trimethoprim crystals with citric acid successfully increase the solubility and dissolution rate of trimethoprim significantly.

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