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Journal articles on the topic 'Spectroscopie Doppler'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Catala, Claude, Jacques Baudrand, Torsten Böhm, and Bernard H. Foing. "The Musicos Project: Multi-Site Continuous Spectroscopy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 137 (1993): 662–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100018601.

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Many scientific programs, most of them linked to stellar physics (such as asteroseismology, stellar rotational modulation, surface structures, Doppler imaging, Zeeman-Doppler imaging, variable stellar winds) require a continuous spectroscopic coverage during several days.MUSICOS (for MUlti-SIte COntinuous Spectroscopy) is an international project for setting up a network of high resolution spectrometers coupled to telescopes of the 2m class, well distributed around the world, and partly dedicated to continuous spectroscopy.The strategy to reach this objective was defined during two workshops organized at Paris-Meudon Observatory in 1988 and 1990, and consists of three steps: 1) organize multi-site spectroscopie campaigns using resident instruments on various telescopes around the world and transportable fiber-fed spectrographs where adequate spectroscopie equipment is not available; 2) design and develop a cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph, well suited for the scientific programs that require multi-site observations; 3) propose this MUSICOS spectrograph for duplication at several collaborating sites.

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2

Durand, P. E., G. Nogues, V. Bernard, A. Amy, and C. Chardonnet. "Sélection des molécules lentes en spectroscopie sans effet Doppler à deux photons." Annales de Physique 20, no. 5-6 (1995): 601–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/anphys:199556031.

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3

Novotny, C., B. Bernhardt, D. Bing, G. Ewald, C. Geppert, G. Gwinner, G. Huber, et al. "Towards a precision test of time dilation at high velocityThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada on 21–26 July 2008." Canadian Journal of Physics 87, no. 7 (July 2009): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p08-149.

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We report on first measurements towards an Ives–Stilwell test of time dilation at velocities around 0.3c. In Ives–Stilwell type experiments, fast atomic ions containing a well-known transition are used as moving clocks, and time dilation as well as the velocity can be derived from the simultaneous laser-spectroscopic measurements of the Doppler shifts with and against the direction of motion. To accurately measure these Doppler shifts, the Doppler broadening caused by the ions velocity distribution needs to be overcome. We performed first feasibility studies for laser spectroscopy on 7Li+ ions in the 2s3S21 metastable ground state at the Gesellschaft für Schwerinonenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt. The ions were stored in the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at a velocity of 0.338c, and optical–optical double-resonance spectroscopy on a closed Λ-type three level system was performed with two lasers propagating antiparallel to the ions motion. We found that Doppler shift measurements on a narrow subclass of the ions velocity distribution with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio are possible if the ion beam is electron-cooled and bunched. Together with the control of systematic error sources developed in our previous experiments on slower beams, the ESR experiment promises an improvement of previously achieved sensitivities to time dilation by about an order of magnitude.

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4

Peng, C. X., Hui Min Weng, K. F. Wang, F. L. Guo, B. J. Ye, X. Y. Zhou, and Rong Dian Han. "Characterizing Native Point Defects in ZnO Bulk by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy." Materials Science Forum 607 (November 2008): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.607.137.

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Positron annihilation spectroscopy was employed to study the native point defects in ZnO single crystal, in combination with calculated results of positron lifetime and electron momentum distribution. The theoretical and experimental results of the positron lifetime in ZnO bulk ensure the presence of zinc monovacancy, and zinc monovacancy concentration begins to decrease above 600oC annealing treatment. Oxygen vacancies have been characterized by coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy, combined with calculated electron momentum distribution. CDB spectroscopies show that oxygen vacancies don't appear until 600oC annealing treatment, and increase due to ZnO decomposition with annealing temperature rising.

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5

Xu, Z., B. Koplitz, and C. Wittig. "Velocity‐aligned Doppler spectroscopy." Journal of Chemical Physics 90, no. 5 (March 1989): 2692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455967.

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6

Butcher, R. J. "Sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy." Optical and Quantum Electronics 25, no. 2 (February 1993): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00420404.

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7

Zucker, Shay, and Tal Alexander. "Spectroscopic binary mass determination using relativity." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S261 (April 2009): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309990275.

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AbstractHigh-precision radial-velocity techniques, which enabled the detection of extra-solar planets, are now sensitive to the lowest-order relativistic effects in the data of spectroscopic binary stars (SBs). We show how these effects can be used to derive the absolute masses of the components of eclipsing single-lined SBs and double-lined SBs from Doppler measurements alone. High-precision stellar spectroscopy can thus substantially increase the number of measured stellar masses, thereby improving the mass-radius and mass-luminosity calibrations.

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8

Gauglitz, G., and D. S. Moore. "Nomenclature, Symbols, Units, and Their Usage in Spectrochemical Analysis - Part XVII; Laser-Based Molecular Spectrometry For Chemical Analysis: Absorption." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 11 (November 30, 1999): 2189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971112189.

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This report is the 17th in a series on spectrochemical methods of analysis issued by IUPAC commission V.4. It is concerned with the principles of laser absorption spectroscopy and its application in the optical wavelength region. The present report has four main sections: fundamentals of laser absorption spectroscopy, Doppler-limited spectroscopy; sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy, and time-resolved laser spectroscopy.

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9

Anwand, Wolfgang, Teresa Leguey, Masa Scepanovic, Fernando Jose Sanchez, Isabel García-Cortés, and Andreas Wagner. "Fe⁺ Implantation Induced Damage in Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels Investigated by Doppler Broadening Spectroscopy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 373 (March 2017): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.373.113.

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Open volume defects created by 1 MeV Fe+ implantation up to a damage of 15 displacements per atom into Fe14wt%Cr and into oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Fe14wt%Cr were investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy, especially single Doppler broadening (DBS) and coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopies (cDBS). The influence of W and Ti alloying elements on the evolution of defects during ion implantation were probed in addition. Whereas no effect of the W and Ti alloying constituents on the line-shape parameters S and W could be detected both before and after ion implantation, fine dispersed Y2O3 particles showed important changes in the structural properties compared to pure FeCr steel, which could be detected by DBS and cDBS. The distribution of the electron momenta in implanted ODS Fe14Cr, obtained with cDBS, shows that oxide particles form obstacles for expanded vacancy mobility and that the vacancies are localized around the oxide particles.

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10

Hori, Masaki. "Recent progress of laser spectroscopy experiments on antiprotonic helium." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2116 (February 19, 2018): 20170270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0270.

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The Atomic Spectroscopy and Collisions Using Slow Antiprotons (ASACUSA) collaboration is currently carrying out laser spectroscopy experiments on antiprotonic helium atoms at CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator facility. Two-photon spectroscopic techniques have been employed to reduce the Doppler width of the measured resonance lines, and determine the atomic transition frequencies to a fractional precision of 2.3–5 parts in 10 9 . More recently, single-photon spectroscopy of buffer-gas cooled has reached a similar precision. By comparing the results with three-body quantum electrodynamics calculations, the antiproton-to-electron mass ratio was determined as , which agrees with the known proton-to-electron mass ratio with a precision of 8×10 −10 . The high-quality antiproton beam provided by the future Extra Low Energy Antiproton Ring (ELENA) facility should enable further improvements in the experimental precision. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Antiproton physics in the ELENA era’.

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11

Lynds, L., and B. A. Woody. "Sub-Doppler spectroscopy of 89Y." Journal of Applied Physics 79, no. 2 (1996): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361420.

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12

Meek, Samuel A., Arthur Hipke, Guy Guelachvili, Theodor W. Hänsch, and Nathalie Picqué. "Doppler-free Fourier transform spectroscopy." Optics Letters 43, no. 1 (December 22, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.43.000162.

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13

Bednarska, V., A. Ekers, P. Kowalczyk, and W. Jastrzȩbski. "Doppler-free spectroscopy of KLi." Journal of Chemical Physics 106, no. 15 (April 15, 1997): 6332–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.473622.

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14

Cagnac, B. "Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy." Hyperfine Interactions 24, no. 1-4 (August 1985): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02354803.

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15

Simoneau, P., S. Le Boiteaux, Cid B. De Araujo, D. Bloch, J. R. Rios Leite, and M. Ducloy. "Doppler-free evanescent wave spectroscopy." Optics Communications 59, no. 2 (August 1986): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(86)90458-x.

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16

Bagayev, S. N., V. P. Chebotayev, A. K. Dmitriyev, A. E. Om, Yu V. Nekrasov, and B. N. Skvortsov. "Second-order doppler-free spectroscopy." Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry 52, no. 1 (January 1991): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00405688.

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17

Foth, H. J., J. M. Gress, Chr Hertzler, and W. Demtr�der. "Sub-doppler-spectroscopy of Na3." Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 18, no. 3 (September 1991): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01437080.

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18

McLaughlin, Kenneth W., and Janak Panthi. "Perturbations Observed in The Orbital Elements of the Spectroscopic Binary 57 Cygni." Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science 125, no. 1-4 (January 1, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17833/0896-8381-125.1.1.

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We present spectroscopy that confirms periodic Doppler-shifts along with photometry that reinforces a lack of eclipsing in the double-lined spectroscopic binary 57 Cygni. Our spectroscopy concentrates on a range encompassing H-alpha and the helium 667.8 nm line, where we find Doppler-shifts of both stars resolved in the helium line but less so in the broader H-alpha profile. Although we find the radial velocities derived from both lines reasonably consistent, we retained only the helium-line derived velocities for sinusoidal curve-fits to the orbital dependence. The fit-amplitudes specify the ratio of the stellar masses as 1.03 ± 0.05, in agreement with previous assessments. We find an eccentricity of 0.028 ± 0.024 and a longitude of periastron of 163.5 ± 2.5°. The former is significantly lower than that previously reported, while the latter is in agreement but calls into question the apsidal motion predicted four decades ago. Our modeling suggests the presence of an external third body implicit in this previous apsidal motion, as well as the dominant mechanism for our reported change in eccentricity. Based upon the spectral type assignment, the near-circular orbit, and the well-established mass ratio, we can place restrictions on the orbital inclination from 51.5-to-53.0°, in reasonable agreement with previous estimates.

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19

Yu, Haoyang, Qian Zhou, Xinghui Li, Xiaohao Wang, Xilin Wang, and Kai Ni. "Improving Resolution of Dual-Comb Gas Detection Using Periodic Spectrum Alignment Method." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030903.

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Dual-comb spectroscopy has been an infusive spectroscopic tool for gas detection due to its high resolution, high sensitivity, and fast acquisition speed over a broad spectral range without any mechanical scanning components. However, the complexity and cost of high-performance dual-comb spectroscopy are still high for field-deployed applications. To solve this problem, we propose a simple frequency domain post-processing method by extracting the accurate position of a specific absorption line frame by frame. After aligning real-time spectra and averaging for one second, the absorbance spectrum of H13C14N gas in the near-infrared is obtained over 1.1 THz spectral range. By using this method, the standard deviation of residual error is only ~0.002, showing great agreement with the conventional correction method. In addition, the spectral resolution is improved from 13.4 GHz to 4.3 GHz compared to direct spectrum averaging. Our method does not require a specially designed common-mode suppression comb, rigorous frequency control system, or complicated computational algorithm, providing a cost-effective scheme for field-deployed Doppler-limited spectroscopy applications.

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20

HOWARD, John, Fenton GLASS, and Clive MICHAEL. "Doppler Spectroscopy and Tomography of Plasmas." Plasma and Fusion Research 2 (2007): S1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.2.s1014.

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21

Jiang, He, Chensheng Ma, G. S. M. Tong, and A. S. C. Cheung. "Sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy of ZrN." Journal of Molecular Structure 480-481 (May 1999): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2860(98)00699-1.

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22

Domínguez-Reyes, R. "Tellurium coincidence Doppler broadening spectroscopy study." Results in Physics 12 (March 2019): 1455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.01.044.

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23

Guéron, Maurice. "The Doppler effect in NMR spectroscopy." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 160, no. 2 (February 2003): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-7807(02)00185-4.

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24

Cizek, J., M. Vlcek, and I. Prochazka. "Digital setup for Doppler broadening spectroscopy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 262 (January 1, 2011): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/262/1/012014.

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25

Smirnov, V. I. "Parallax effects in laser Doppler spectroscopy." Quantum Electronics 29, no. 12 (December 31, 1999): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1999v029n12abeh001637.

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26

Preston, Daryl W. "Doppler‐free saturated absorption: Laser spectroscopy." American Journal of Physics 64, no. 11 (November 1996): 1432–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18457.

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27

Svanberg, S., G. Y. Yan, T. P. Duffey, and A. L. Schawlow. "High-contrast Doppler-free transmission spectroscopy." Optics Letters 11, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.11.000138.

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28

Inguscio, M., L. R. Zink, K. M. Evenson, and D. A. Jennings. "Sub-Doppler tunable far-infrared spectroscopy." Optics Letters 12, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.12.000867.

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29

Cruz, F. C., A. Mirage, A. Scalabrin, and D. Pereira. "Optogalvanic sub-Doppler spectroscopy in titanium." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 27, no. 24 (December 28, 1994): 5851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/27/24/009.

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30

Rebane, K. K. "Doppler spectroscopy of zero-phonon lines." Physics of the Solid State 49, no. 1 (January 2007): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783407010155.

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31

Borucki, L., H. W. Becker, F. Gorris, S. Kubsky, W. H. Schulte, and C. Rolfs. "Hydrogen doppler spectroscopy using 15N ions." European Physical Journal A 5, no. 3 (July 1999): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500050291.

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32

Haaks, Matz, and Torsten E. M. Staab. "High-momentum analysis in Doppler spectroscopy." Applied Surface Science 255, no. 1 (October 2008): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.05.313.

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33

Wyss, Ramon. "Doppler effects in high spin spectroscopy." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 256, no. 3 (May 1987): 499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(87)90293-2.

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34

Rebane, Karl K. "Doppler spectroscopy of zero-phonon lines." Journal of Luminescence 125, no. 1-2 (July 2007): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2006.08.036.

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35

Niemax, K. "Doppler-free techniques in analytical spectroscopy." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 333, no. 7 (January 1989): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00476560.

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36

Short, Steven O., Paul C. Goodwin, Jory N. Kaplan, and Josef M. Miller. "Measuring Cochlear Blood Flow by Laser Doppler Spectroscopy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 93, no. 6 (December 1985): 786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988509300617.

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Cochlear blood flow (CBF) was studied with a commercially available laser Doppler system in 20 guinea pigs. The cochlea was exposed to permit placement of the laser Doppler probe over the intact lateral wall of the basal turn. Ketamine and xylazine were used for anesthesia, and blood pressure was monitored from the femoral artery. In some cases, skin blood flow was monitored with a second laser Doppler system, and cardiac output was monitored with an ultrasonic Doppler system placed over the right brachiocephalic artery. We found that the laser Doppler signal is composed primarily of blood flow supplied by the internal auditory artery. Local pressure on the contents of the internal auditory canal after occipital craniotomy was found to reduce CBF to 15% of its original value in a reversible fashion. There was no change in CBF after bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. There appears to be a mechanism governing CBF that stabilizes its value In the face of changes in blood pressure and cardiac output. This is similar to the vascular behavior of the central nervous system. Through the use of positive airway pressure and blood removal at different rates, cardiac output could be depressed to varying degrees. The magnitude of decrease in CBF was clearly related to the rate at which cardiac output and blood pressure dropped. This was confirmed when intravenous phenylephrine was given in sequential and Increasing doses. CBF increased as blood viscosity decreased, as expected according to the vascular behavior of the central nervous system. Our findings indicate that the laser Doppler system provides a reliable, valid, and cochlear noninvasive measure of blood flow dynamics.

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37

Geisen, H., T. Krümpelmann, D. Neuschäfer, and Ch Ottinger. "Molecular Beam Laser Saturation Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 42, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1987-0519.

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38

See, Kel-Meng, Fan-Cheng Lin, and Jer-Shing Huang. "Design and characterization of a plasmonic Doppler grating for azimuthal angle-resolved surface plasmon resonances." Nanoscale 9, no. 30 (2017): 10811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr01509g.

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A plasmonic Doppler grating (PDG) provides an azimuthal angle-dependent continuous broadband lattice momentum and serves as a broadband continuous grating platform for micro- to nanophotonic spectroscopic applications. The PDG can be easily introduced into microfluidic systems as an on-site spectroscopic detector.

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39

Kuang Yin-Li, Fang Liang, Peng Xiang, Cheng Xin, Zhang Hui, and Liu En-Hai. "Simulation of Doppler velocity measurement based on Doppler asymmetric space heterodyne spectroscopy." Acta Physica Sinica 67, no. 14 (2018): 140703. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.67.20180063.

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40

Rhee, Christopher J., Kathleen K. Kibler, R. Blaine Easley, Dean B. Andropoulos, Marek Czosnyka, Peter Smielewski, and Ken M. Brady. "Renovascular reactivity measured by near-infrared spectroscopy." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 2 (July 15, 2012): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2012.

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Hypotension and shock are risk factors for death, renal insufficiency, and stroke in preterm neonates. Goal-directed neonatal hemodynamic management lacks end-organ monitoring strategies to assess the adequacy of perfusion. Our aim is to develop a clinically viable, continuous metric of renovascular reactivity to gauge renal perfusion during shock. We present the renovascular reactivity index (RVx), which quantifies passivity of renal blood volume to spontaneous changes in arterial blood pressure. We tested the ability of the RVx to detect reductions in renal blood flow. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 10 piglets. The RVx was monitored as a correlation between slow waves of arterial blood pressure and relative total hemoglobin (rTHb) obtained with reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) over the kidney. The RVx was compared with laser-Doppler measurements of red blood cell flux, and renal laser-Doppler measurements were compared with cerebral laser-Doppler measurements. Renal blood flow decreased to 75%, 50%, and 25% of baseline at perfusion pressures of 60, 45, and 40 mmHg, respectively, whereas in the brain these decrements occurred at pressures of 30, 25, and 15 mmHg, respectively. The RVx compared favorably to the renal laser-Doppler data. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves using renal blood flow thresholds of 50% and 25% of baseline were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.87) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.88–0.92). Renovascular autoregulation can be monitored and is impaired in advance of cerebrovascular autoregulation during hemorrhagic shock.

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41

Potter, Stephen, Encarni Romero-Colmenero, David Buckley, and Derren Wood. "Simultaneous Stokes Imaging and Doppler tomography of MCVs." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 190 (2004): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100001883.

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AbstractStokes imaging uses polarimetric observations in order to image indirectly the accretion region on the surface of the white dwarf in magnetic cataclysmic variables (MCVs). Doppler tomography uses spectroscopic observations in order to gain insights into the velocity dynamics of the secondary star, and the ballistic and magnetically confined parts of the accretion stream. Until now, both of these techniques have been applied separately. We present and compare the results of applying both techniques to simultaneous spectroscopic and polarimetric observations of MCVs.

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42

Gaulme, Patrick, François-Xavier Schmider, and Ivan Gonçalves. "Measuring planetary atmospheric dynamics with Doppler spectroscopy." Astronomy & Astrophysics 617 (September 2018): A41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832868.

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Doppler imaging spectroscopy is the most reliable method of directly measuring wind speeds of planetary atmospheres of the solar system. However, most knowledge about atmospheric dynamics has been obtained with cloud-tracking technique, which consists of tracking visible features from images taken at different dates. Doppler imaging is as challenging (motions can be less than 100 m s−1) as it is appealing because it measures the speed of cloud particles instead of large cloud structures. A significant difference between wind speed measured by cloud-tracking and Doppler spectroscopy is expected in case of atmospheric waves interfering with cloud structures. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for conducting accurate Doppler measurements of planetary atmospheres, especially from the ground with reflected solar absorption lines. We focus on three aspects which lead to significant biases. Firstly, we fully review the Young effect, which is an artificial radial velocity field caused by the solar rotation that mimics a retrograde planetary rotation. Secondly, we extensively study the impact of atmospheric seeing and show that it modifies the apparent location of the planet in the sky whenever the planet is not observed at full phase (opposition). Moreover, the seeing convolves regions of variable radial velocity and photometry, which biases radial-velocity measurements, by reducing the apparent amplitude of atmospheric motions. Finally, we propose a method to interpret the data: how to retrieve zonal, meridional, vertical, and subsolar-to-antisolar circulation from radial velocity maps, by optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio.

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43

Shen, Y. R. "Correspondence between Doppler-free spectroscopies and photon echoes." Physical Review A 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.45.446.

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44

Wissman, B. D., T. L. Dull, W. E. Frieze, D. W. Gidley, and M. Skalsey. "Doppler broadening spectroscopy studies of CoSi2 films." Solid State Communications 105, no. 3 (January 1998): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1098(97)10089-8.

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45

KASAHARA, Shunji, Masaaki BABA, and Hajime KATÔ. "Doppler-free Optical-Optical Double Resonance Spectroscopy." Journal of the Spectroscopical Society of Japan 46, no. 2 (1997): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5111/bunkou.46.70.

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46

Barclay, David R., and Michael Buckingham. "Doppler Geo‐Spectroscopy in the Makai Experiment." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2933966.

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47

Ohmukai, Ryuzo, Masayoshi Watanabe, Hidetsuka Imajo, Kazuhiro Hayasaka, and Shinji Urabe. "Doppler-Free Optogalvanic Spectroscopy ofCa+and Ca." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 33, Part 1, No.1A (January 15, 1994): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.33.311.

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48

Nemchick, Deacon J., Brian J. Drouin, Adrian J. Tang, Yanghyo Kim, and Mau-Chung Frank Chang. "Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy With a CMOS Transmitter." IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 2018): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tthz.2017.2773365.

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49

Neusser, Hans Jürgen, and Edward William Schlag. "High Resolution Spectroscopy below the Doppler Width." Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 31, no. 3 (March 1992): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.199202631.

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50

Habib, A., R. Lange, G. Brasen, and W. Demtröder. "Sub-Doppler Zeeman Spectroscopy of the CS2Molecule." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 99, no. 3 (March 1995): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19950990306.

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