Relevant bibliographies by topics / Spoil Waste

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Spoil Waste'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Spoil Waste"

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Zhang, Zhiming, Anshuman Satpathy, Kirby Morris, Abhishek RoyChowdhury, Rupali Datta, and Dibyendu Sarkar. "Organic Amendments Improve the Quality of Coal Gob Spoils: A Sustainable Mining Waste Reclamation Method." Applied Sciences 14, no. 21 (2024): 9723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14219723.

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Coal mine tailings can lead to a range of environmental problems, including toxic metal contamination, soil erosion, acid mine drainage, and increased salinity. Mine spoils from coal mining activities accumulated as gob piles are difficult to reclaim due to constraints such as a steep slope, unsuitable pH, insufficient nutrient supply, metal toxicity, low water-holding capacity, and poor soil structure. We investigated the efficiency of low-cost amendments on coal gob spoils from Carthage Coal Field (CCF) in New Mexico in improving the quality of coal gob spoils. Gob spoil was incubated for 90
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Oggeri, Claudio, and Raffaele Vinai. "Characterisation of geomaterials and non-conventional waste streams for their reuse as engineered materials." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019506002.

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Reusing bulk volumes of waste material is a requirement often encountered in mining and construction activities involving excavations. Spoils produced from these activities typically show high variability in terms of properties and behaviour, due to the local geology, adopted excavation method and further spoil treatments. A procedure for classifying the spoil from tunnelling was proposed in order to correlate ground type, possible muck destination and treatment type. With a similar approach in industrial and related sectors, the reuse of non-conventional materials (i.e. wooden chips, fragment
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Zevgolis, Ioannis E., Alexandros I. Theocharis, and Nikolaos C. Koukouzas. "Spatial Variability in Geotechnical Properties Within Heterogeneous Lignite Mine Spoils." Geosciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15030097.

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During surface coal mining, vast amounts of overburden waste materials—called spoils—are excavated and dumped, forming massive heaps, the sustainable exploitation of which is a top priority globally. This study addresses the advanced geotechnical characterization of spoil materials, focusing on lignite mine spoil heaps, which are often ignored due to their highly heterogeneous nature. This research quantifies the spatial variability in spoil materials from a large heap in Greece, highlighting the importance of a robust geotechnical framework for their effective reclamation. Using statistical a
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Li, Chengcheng, Xin Zhang, Xubo Gao, Shihua Qi, and Yanxin Wang. "The Potential Environmental Impact of PAHs on Soil and Water Resources in Air Deposited Coal Refuse Sites in Niangziguan Karst Catchment, Northern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (2019): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081368.

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Long-term deposition of coal spoil piles may lead to serious pollution of soil and water resources in the dumping sites and surrounding areas. Karst aquifers are highly sensitive to environmental pollution. In this study, the occurrence and release/mobilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coal waste and coal spoils fire gas mineral (CSFGM) were evaluated by field and indoor investigations at Yangquan city, one of the major coal mining districts in the karst areas of northern China. Field investigations showed that dumping of coal waste over decades has resulted in soil and wa
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Yulong, Li, Yao Ziwen, Sun Ya-Qing, Ni Chengbo, and Wu Guobin. "SUSTAINABILITY OF TUNNEL SPOIL REUSE AND RECYCLING: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Journal of Green Building 20, no. 1 (2025): 89–114. https://doi.org/10.3992/jgb.20.1.89.

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ABSTRACT The construction of mega infrastructure projects involving underground work generates massive amounts of tunnel spoil. For sustainable development, it is essential that the generated spoil is not regarded as waste, but as a recyclable material with potential benefits to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. However, a comprehensive understanding of the challenges associated with spoil reuse is crucial to improve the current spoil-reuse scenario. This paper presents in-depth research into the current state, challenges, and future directions of tunnel spoil reuse and recyc
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Petlovanyi, Mykhailo, Kateryna Sai, Oleksandr Dreshpak, and Maksym Demydov. "COMPREHENSIVE PROCESSING OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS FROM COAL MINE WASTE DUMPS: PROPERTIES, VALUABLE PRODUCTS, AND RESOURCE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM." JOURNAL of Donetsk mining institute 55, no. 2 (2024): 138–50. https://doi.org/10.31474/1999-981x-2024-2-138-150.

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Objective. Experimental studies on the chemical and mineralogical composition of coal mine spoil heaps and the potential for processing them to obtain valuable mineral-raw materials. Development of an analytical tool for accounting and forecasting the resource potential of coal mine spoil heaps. Methods. To achieve the objective, X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray phase analysis, granulometric analysis, laboratory studies of mineral raw material enrichment using sieve fractionation and gravity separation, as well as analytical studies of spoil heap resource accounting were employed. Results. T
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Nayak, Samrudhi, S. P. Mishra, and C. S. K. Mishra. "Nutrient and Exo-Enzyme Dynamics in Organically Amended Iron Mine Spoil." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 46, no. 1 (2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2020.115.

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The aim of this study is to restore the nutrient status of iron ore mine spoil through suitable organic interventions. This paper reports the effects of different organic manure and bio-fertilizer amendments with inoculation of the earthworm Eisenia fetida in iron mine spoil on certain chemical parameters, microbial load and soil exoenzyme activities. The mine spoil samples were collected at random from five years old spoil dump and amended with farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and vermimanure (VM) along with biofertilizer in different combinations. The pH, conductivity, % organic ca
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Kumar, B. M. "Mining waste contaminated lands: an uphill battle for improving crop productivity." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 1, no. 1 (2013): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2013.011.043.

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Mining drastically alters the physico-chemical and biological environment of the landscape. Low organic matter content, unfavourable pH, low water holding capacity, salinity, coarse texture, compaction, siltation of water bodies due to wash off of mineral overburden dumps, inadequate supply of plant nutrients, accelerated erosion, acid generating materials, and mobilization of contaminated sediments into the aquatic environment are the principal constraints experienced in mining contaminated sites. A variety of approaches have been considered for reclaiming mine wastes including direct reveget
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Voloshchyshyn, A. I., P. V. Bosak, V. V. Popovych, O. V. Menshykova, and Yu O. Kopystynskyi. "Natural phytomelioration of coal mine waste heaps in the context of increased radiation background (on the case of Nadiya mine, Lviv-Volyn coal basin, Ukraine)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1415, no. 1 (2024): 012130. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1415/1/012130.

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Abstract At the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow in autumn 2021, world leaders and participants decided to phase out coal power. Ukraine is committed to shutting down its state-owned coal-fired power plants by 2035. Natural and technical geosystems in coal mining areas have a significant impact on environmental and anthropogenic environmental safety and require comprehensive research This scientific article delves into the thorough examination of the impact of augmented radiation levels in the waste piles of the Nadiya mine in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin. The exploitat
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SHABANOV, Mikhail, Maxim MARICHEV, Dina NEVIDOMSKAYA, and Tatiana MINKINA. "Acidic sulphate water influence on terricon soil pollution in the Karabash ore district." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 15, no. 4 (2023): 888–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2023-15-4-888-900.

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Introduction. Technogenic mineral formations are one of the potential sources of pollutants, including heavy metals. On the territory of the Karabash ore district as a result of copper and cobalt ore mining, waste rock heaps are formed and stored. As a result, under the influence of acidic precipitation, oxidation of the surface part of the spoil heap occurs, and the formed products, among which there are heavy metals, are transported by water and aeolian streams to the adjacent landscapes. Methods and materials of research. In the course of work investigated the spoil heap formed by wastes of
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Spoil Waste"

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Metcalfe, Barbara. "The use of consolidated sewage sludges as soil substitutes in colliery spoil reclamation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385279.

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Norton, Esther. "The permeability of a compacted colliery spoil for use as a landfill liner." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284356.

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Barajas-Aceves, Martha. "Soil microbial biomass and organic matter dynamics in metal-contaminated soils." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260604.

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Gizikoff, Katherine Gould. "Spoil management and revegetation success on waste rock dumps at a southern interior B.C. copper mine." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29031.

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The primary aim of this study was to investigate vegetation production and soil management factors influencing forage establishment on the waste rock dumps at a Southern Interior B.C. copper mine. Total plant cover on the waste rock dumps ranged from less than 5 to greater than 80 percent. Vegetation and spoil from the major reclaimed sites were analyzed to determine possible causes for the differences in plant cover. Test case areas, which varied in production, topography, and treatment, were then selected for an investigation into the relationships between spoil and vegetation variables. Wa
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Paavo, Brian Lee, and n/a. "Soft-sediment benthos of Aramoana and Blueskin Bay (Otago, New Zealand) and effects of dredge-spoil disposal." University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070928.161657.

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Studies were conducted to broadly describe and understand the sediment benthos of a shallow-water coastal area (Aramoana Beach - Heyward Point - Blueskin Bay) near the entrance to Otago Harbour, a system largely representative for southeastern New Zealand. Benthic assemblages were examined in relation to gradients of wave exposure and disturbance, sediment type and bathymetry, and dredge-spoil disposal. Sediment and macrofaunal surveys in autumn and spring 2003 found little change in sediment texture gradients from historical studies and a lack of vertical stratification. Macrobenthic sample
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Modinger, Heinrich. "Micro-organisms involved in iron oxidation and acid mine drainage formation in KwaZulu-Natal and their control by soil covers on coal waste dumps." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55926.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 1998.<br>One copy microfiche.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The biologically catalysed oxidation of pyrite in the outer layers of coal waste dumps leads to the formation of acid mine drainage. The oxidation of pyrite to ferric iron and sulphate is a complex process involving various abiotic and biologically catalysed reactions. Pyrite is abiotically oxidized by ferric iron, with the formation of thiosulphate and ferrous iron. Thiosulphate decomposes to form various inorganic sulphur compounds. Bacterial catalysis of pyrite oxidation is achieved by iron-oxidi
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Burkey, Michael F. "A REVIEW OF IRON SULFIDES AND OXIDES IN COAL MINE WASTE, HUFF RUN WATERSHED, OHIO." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1525905282950671.

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Cleghorn, Charles 1970. "Effect of soil covers on coal waste dumps in KwaZulu-Natal on abiotic factors and bacteria causing acid mine drainage." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55521.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 1997.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The activity of iron-oxidizing bacteria, for example, Thiobacillut. ferrooxidans, in the outer layers of coal waste dumps results in the oxidation of pyrite with the formation of large volumes of acid mine drainage. The process requires atmospheric oxygen and moisture. Acid mine drainage may possibly be controlled by creating unfavourable environmental conditions in dumps for the iron-oxidizing bacteria. The present research investigated the possibility of inhibiting these bacteria and consequently acid formation in coal w
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Langdon, Caroline Juliet. "Relationships between lumbricid earthworms and arsenic-rich mine spoil wastes." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274279.

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Alsharari, Sultan. "Studies on the microbiology and biogeochemistry of some industrial wastes and a preliminary evaluation of the use of biochar in spoil remediation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4103/.

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The aim of the work described in this Thesis was to study the biogeochemistry of a variety of industrial spoils, ranging from a highly alkaline steel slag spoil to a slightly acidic colliery spoil and acidic metal mining wastes, with the ultimate aim of providing information which might be used in the remediation of these spoils by applying a plant cover. A variety of important processes, which are components of the major biogeochemical cycles (i.e. urea hydrolysis, nitrification, s-oxidation, and P-solubilization) were studied in these spoils. The activities of a range of soil enzymes (e.g.ar
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Books on the topic "Spoil Waste"

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Jobling, J. Tree planting in colliery spoil. Forestry Commission, 1985.

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Boldt, C. M. K. Remote sensing of mine waste. U.S. Dept.of the Interior, 1987.

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Boldt, C. M. K. Remote sensing of mine waste. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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B, Rybicki Nancy, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. A survey of potential dredge disposal sites in the tidal Potomac River and upper Potomac Estuary between Washington, D.C. and the Route 301 bridge. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.

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New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Environmental Conservation. Public hearing--status of borrow pits in the New York Harbor area. EN-DE Reporting Service, 2001.

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Kim, Ann G. Fires in abandoned coal mines and waste banks. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1993.

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J, Gallaway B., Wright Thomas D, and Dredging Operations Technical Support Program (U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. Environmental Laboratory), eds. Revised procedural guide for designation surveys of ocean dredged material disposal sites: By Willis E. Pequegnat, Benny J. Gallaway, and Thomas D. Wright ; Dredging Operations Technical Supoport Program. US Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory, 1990.

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Wiley, Mary Baker. Bathymetric and subbottom survey at the Cornfield Shoals disposal site, July 8, 1994. The Corps, 1996.

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United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. New England Division. Monitoring cruise at the Morris Cove borrow pit. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers - New England District, Regulatory Branch, 2001.

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Gries, Thomas H. Puget Sound Dredged Disposal Analysis: Management plan assessment report, dredged material management year 1990. Washington State, Dept. of Ecology, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Spoil Waste"

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Lamb, Dane, Peter Sanderson, Liang Wang, Mohammed Kader, and Ravi Naidu. "Phytocapping of Mine Waste at Derelict Mine Sites in New South Wales." In Spoil to Soil. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351247337-18.

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Simmers, J. W., G. S. Wilhelm, J. M. Marquenie, R. G. Rhett, and S. H. Kay. "Reclamation of Pyritic Mine Spoil Using Contaminated Dredged Material." In Environmental Management of Solid Waste. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61362-3_12.

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Duda, Jerzy. "The Use of Coal Spoil in the Process of Cement Production." In Thermal Solid Waste Utilisation in Regular and Industrial Facilities. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4213-1_7.

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Loxham, M. "The Predictive Assessment of the Migration of Leachate in the Subsoils Surrounding Mine Tailing and Dredging Spoil Sites." In Environmental Management of Solid Waste. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61362-3_1.

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Sarkar, Binoy, Hasintha Wijesekara, Sanchita Mandal, Mandeep Singh, and Nanthi S. Bolan. "Characterization and Improvement in Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Mine Wastes." In Spoil to Soil. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351247337-3.

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Hossein-zadeh, Ismael. "Waste, Inefficiency, and the Spoils of Military Spending." In The Political Economy of U.S. Militarism. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403983428_8.

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Serpico, James J. "Ground Improvement of Titanium Dioxide Waste Spoils and Compressible Organics with In-Situ Mixing with Portland Cement and Surcharging." In Soil Testing, Soil Stability and Ground Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61902-6_27.

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Roque, Antonio Jose, and Vitor Monteiro. "Hazardous Waste Dumped on the Spoils of an Old Coal Mine (Portugal) – Environmental Rehabilitation of the Site for Reuse." In Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2221-1_86.

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Amyes, Sebastian G. B. "5. Environment and civilization." In Bacteria: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192895240.003.0005.

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‘Environment and civilization’ evaluates the role of bacteria in the environment and in civilization. From the rise of prehistoric man to the end of the 19th century, the main involvement of humans with bacteria had been as a result of their ability to spoil food and liquids. Cooking, food preservation, alcohol production, cheese and yogurt manufacturing, and probiotics are all developments that are important within this topic. Bacteria have always been an essential component of the disposal of human waste and have played a considerable role in body decomposition after death.
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Haigh M. and Kilmartin M.P. "Reclaimed Opencast Coal Lands in Southeast Wales: Impacts on Water Quality." In Surface and Sub-surface Water in Asia. IOS Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-540-1-16.

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Does former coal land of low acid-generating potential impact significantly on water quality in their immediate environment? This chapter explores the evidence from Southeast Wales using data collected on an array of reclaimed opencast coal-lands in a largely post-industrial area where river quality has now improved after many decades of severe pollution associated with under-regulated coalmining and metal working during the 19thand 20thcenturies. Results show that, because of compacted layers in the immediate subsurface, former opencast coal land converts incident rainfall to runoff very quic
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Conference papers on the topic "Spoil Waste"

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Elsukova, Ekaterina, Ivan Nedbaev, Anastasiya Kraves, and Daria Khloptsova. "ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF INVASIVE SPECIES ON SPOIL HEAP WITH DIFFERENT TYPE OF RECLAMATION: SOLIDAGO GIGANTEA AITON STUDY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.14.

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Coal mine spoil heaps are subject to reclamation processes in order to restore their environmental, social and economic functions. The reclamation may consist of placing soil layers (topsoil, TS) on the surface of the bare rock (carboniferous rock accompanying the coal seam) and then planting vegetation. However, waste rock (bare rock, BR) is usually left in place without overburden due to high costs. In both cases, there is a spontaneous succession of consisting vegetation of native and alien species. In this study, we compare the efficiency of seed germination populations of the alien invasi
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Kotlyar, V., Khungianos Yavruyan, E. Gaishun, and Y. Teryokhina. "Comprehensive Approach to the Processing of East Donbass Spoil Tip." In 2018 IEEE International Conference "Management of Municipal Waste as an Important Factor of Sustainable Urban Development" (WASTE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/waste.2018.8554158.

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Machac, Jiri. "EQUIPMENT FOR RECYCLING OF SPOIL AND DEMOLITION WASTE." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018v/4.3/s05.006.

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Wrona, Paweł, Zenon Różański, Adam Duda, and José Fernandes. "Environmental Risk Issues at a Coal Waste Spoil Heap—Climate Change Concern." In Euroissues 2024. MDPI, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2025113011.

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Walmsley, Alena, Likhitha Mundodi, A. Sederkenny, N. Anderson, Jon Missen, and Mohan Yellishetty. "From spoil to soil: utilising waste materials to create soils for mine rehabilitation." In Mine Closure 2022: 15th Conference on Mine Closure. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/2215_92.

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Antle, Stephen. "Sustainability and Performance at Hampton Roads Bridge Tunnel (HRBT)." In Deep Foundations Institute 49th Annual Conference. Deep Foundations Institute, 2024. https://doi.org/10.37308/dfi49.20241370806.

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Over the last decade the construction industry, particularly ground enhancement services such as Jet Grouting, have seen a dramatic rise in the cost of waste transportation and disposal services; increasingly representing a significant percentage of total job cost. As these costs increase and our industry continues making strides to become better stewards of the environment, one of the best ways we can contribute is by placing a priority on sustainability. Stage 3 Separation’s unique solutions contributed to sustainability while creating new economic value. This was achieved by reducing waste,
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Biela, Magdalena, Artur Biela, Natalia Malcherczyk, and Edyta Sierka. "GREEN ROOFS AS URBAN ECOSYSTEMS FOR POST-INDUSTRIAL NOVEL ECOSYSTEMS' VEGETATION." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/5.1/s20.19.

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We present a study on the responses of plants from three functional groups: grasses, forbs, and legumes, deriving from a coal mining waste heap, to changes in environmental stress factors. The aim of this work is to identify plant responses to environmental stress resulting from the transfer of plants from the waste heap to the waste substrate and an extensive green roof with a thickness of 15 cm. After one year of growth, selected functional traits were analysed: including height, specific leaf area (SLA), and chlorophyll a content. The research aimed to understand the potential use of plants
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Hicks, Tim, Tamara Baldwin, Richard Cummings, and Trevor Sumerling. "An Assessment of the Radiological Impact of Human Intrusion at the UK Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR)." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59356.

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The UK Low Level Waste Repository Ltd submitted an Environmental Safety Case for the disposal of low-level waste (LLW) to the Environment Agency on the 1st of May 2011. The Environmental Safety Case (ESC) presents a complete case for the environmental safety of the Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR) both during operations and in the long term (Cummings et al, in these proceedings). This includes an assessment of the long-term radiological safety of the facility, including an assessment of the potential consequences of human intrusion at the site. The human intrusion assessment is based on a cau
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Reeves, Nigel, Gordon H. John, and Bob Major. "Evaluation and Potential Remediation of the Industrial Norm Legacy in Liverpool." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16096.

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Sefton, on the north side of Liverpool, holds a radioactive legacy from its industrial past. This legacy is in the form of Tin slag buried in sub-surface seams. Located near the docks and adjacent to the rich Lancashire coal seams, Sefton became one of the main production centres of Tin plate in Britain. A consequence of this industrial process is the production of mildly radioactive waste slag. Tin rich ores are heated under reducing conditions to produce a molten metal stream This is then separated into the component metal streams. Solid wastes produced by this process are known as slag and
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Bamberger, Judith A., and Margaret S. Greenwood. "Evolution of a Non-Invasive Sensor for Fluid Density and Solids Concentration Measurement Using Ultrasound." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45590.

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This paper describes the evolution of an ultrasonic sensor to non-invasively measure slurry density and solids concentration. Three generations of probe are discussed: 1) density sensor, 2) densimeter, and 3) fluid and solids monitor. The initial application was to measure slurry density during radioactive waste transport. The probe uses ultrasonic signal reflection at the fluid-pipe wall interface to quantify density in situ in real time and signal attenuation to evaluate solid concentration. In the latest configuration, the transducers are mounted on the wall of the pipe spool piece. This in
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Reports on the topic "Spoil Waste"

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Avnimelech, Yoram, Richard C. Stehouwer, and Jon Chorover. Use of Composted Waste Materials for Enhanced Ca Migration and Exchange in Sodic Soils and Acidic Minespoils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575291.bard.

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Abstract:
Restoration of degraded lands and the development of beneficial uses for waste products are important challenges facing our society. In addition there is a need to find useful and environmentally friendly applications for the organic fractions of municipal and other solid waste. Recent studies have shown that composted wastes combined with gypsum or gypsum-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products enhance restoration of sodic soils and acidic minespoils. The mechanism by which this synergistic effect occurs in systems at opposite pH extremes appears to involve enhanced Ca migration and e
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