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Journal articles on the topic 'Stable isotope 15N'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Demirev, Plamen A., and Catherine Fenselau. "Determination of Isotope-Enrichment Ratios in Proteins by High-Resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 8, no. 2 (2002): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.485.

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Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry has been applied for determining the 13C and 15N stable isotope content of a 10 kDa protein molecule. Purified samples of modified human ubiquitin, expressed in E. coli grown in a 13C and 13N isotope-enriched medium, are electrosprayed in a 4.7 T FT-ICR instrument. The intensity profiles of the isotopically-resolved envelope of the molecular ions in different charge states are averaged. The experimental data are then compared to theoretically-generated isotopic profiles for the same molecule at varying ratios of 12C: 13C and

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2

Tea, Illa, Arnaud De Luca, Anne-Marie Schiphorst, et al. "Stable Isotope Abundance and Fractionation in Human Diseases." Metabolites 11, no. 6 (2021): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11060370.

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The natural abundance of heavy stable isotopes (13C, 15N, 18O, etc.) is now of considerable importance in many research fields, including human physiology. In fact, it varies between tissues and metabolites due to isotope effects in biological processes, that is, isotope discriminations between heavy and light isotopic forms during enzyme or transporter activity. The metabolic deregulation associated with many diseases leads to alterations in metabolic fluxes, resulting in changes in isotope abundance that can be identified easily with current isotope ratio technologies. In this review, we sum

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3

Alexander, Stuart A., Keith A. Hobson, Cheri L. Gratto-Trevor, and Antony W. Diamond. "Conventional and isotopic determinations of shorebird diets at an inland stopover: the importance of invertebrates and Potamogeton pectinatus tubers." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 6 (1996): 1057–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-117.

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We used gut-content and stable-isotope techniques to determine diets of shorebirds staging at a prairie wetland complex. Stable-isotope ratios for carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) varied greatly within and among prey types and shorebirds, depending on location within the complex. Both dietary techniques suggested that Long-billed Dowitchers (Limnodromus scolopaceus) and Stilt Sandpipers (Calidris himantopus) ate mostly invertebrates, whereas Hudsonian (Limosa haemastica) and Marbled godwits (Limosa fedoa) ate mainly Potamogeton pectinatus tubers. In comparison, the stable-isotope techni

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4

Keegan, William F., and Michael J. DeNiro. "Stable Carbon- and Nitrogen-Isotope Ratios of Bone Collagen Used to Study Coral-Reef and Terrestrial Components of Prehistoric Bahamian Diet." American Antiquity 53, no. 2 (1988): 320–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281022.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope ratios of bone collagen can be used to distinguish marine and terrestrial components of prehistoric human diet. However, when this method was first applied to prehistoric Bahamians, their bone-collagen nitrogen-isotope ratios were found to be outside the ranges observed for other coastal populations that ate substantial quantities of marine foods. This study examines in detail the distributions of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in Bahamian food chains. Our results indicate that the unique isotopic signature in bon

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5

Xie, Wancui, Min Li, Lin Song, et al. "15N Stable Isotope Labeling PSTs in Alexandrium minutum for Application of PSTs as Biomarker." Toxins 11, no. 4 (2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11040211.

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The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum (A. minutum) which can produce paralyticshellfish toxins (PSTs) is often used as a model to study the migration, biotransformation,accumulation, and removal of PSTs. However, the mechanism is still unclear. To provide a new toolfor related studies, we tried to label PSTs metabolically with 15N stable isotope to obtain 15N-PSTsinstead of original 14N, which could be treated as biomarker on PSTs metabolism. We then culturedthe A. minutum AGY-H46 which produces toxins GTX1-4 in f/2 medium of different 15N/Pconcentrations. The 15N-PSTs’ toxicity and toxin pro

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6

HAKVOORT, S. G. H., and O. SCHMIDT. "15N stable isotope labelling of slugs (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)." Annals of Applied Biology 141, no. 3 (2002): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2002.tb00219.x.

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7

Overman, Nathanael C., та Donna L. Parrish. "Stable isotope composition of walleye: 15N accumulation with age and area-specific differences in δ13C". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, № 6 (2001): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-072.

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Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios were measured for walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) collected across Lake Champlain, Vermont, to determine relationships between isotopic composition and diet, location of capture, length, weight, and age. Variation in δ13C values reflected area-specific differences in isotopic composition of organisms collected across the lake. A critical assumption in the application of isotope techniques is that a predictable relationship exists between the diet and isotopic composition of an organism. Our results indicate that isotopic fractionation factors may not be

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8

Kelly, Jeffrey F. "Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic ecology." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 1 (2000): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-165.

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Differential fractionation of stable isotopes of carbon during photosynthesis causes C4 plants and C3 plants to have distinct carbon-isotope signatures. In addition, marine C3 plants have stable-isotope ratios of carbon that are intermediate between C4 and terrestrial C3 plants. The direct incorporation of the carbon-isotope ratio (13C/12C) of plants into consumers' tissues makes this ratio useful in studies of animal ecology. The heavy isotope of nitrogen (15N) is preferentially incorporated into the tissues of the consumer from the diet, which results in a systematic enrichment in nitrogen-i

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9

Schaumann, L., P. Galle, M. Thellier, and J. C. Wissocq. "Imaging the distribution of the stable isotopes of nitrogen 14N and 15N in biological samples by "secondary-ion emission microscopy"." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 36, no. 1 (1988): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/36.1.3335768.

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Thanks to the "secondary-ion emission microscope" (CAMECA IMS 300), we have been able to image the distribution of the stable isotopes of nitrogen 14N and 15N in sections of plant roots (spatial resolution better than 1 micron), as well as to estimate the relative concentrations of these isotopes. The plants used (Lupinus spec.) originated from seeds with natural (i.e., 14N) nitrogen and had been fed for a few days with [15N]-nitrate before sampling. We have found in root sections of 6-day-old plants (prepared at 5 mm from the root tip) a clear-cut regionalization of the distribution of 15N be

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10

Kline, Jr., Thomas C., and T. Mark Willette. "Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) early marine feeding patterns based on 15N/14N and 13C/12C in Prince William Sound, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 10 (2002): 1626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-126.

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Nitrogen and carbon mass and stable isotope composition among cohorts of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) released from Prince William Sound, Alaska, hatcheries in 1994 varied widely, suggesting a range in early marine feeding patterns. Analyses consisted of whole-body stable carbon and nitrogen mass and stable isotope composition of selected release-date cohorts that had been identified by implanted coded wire tags (CWT). Nitrogen isotopic and mass shifts suggested that the initial protein pool within individual fish was replaced at different rates among cohorts. There was a notable differe

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11

Garcia-Luna, Selene M., Jose G. Juarez, Sofia Cabañas, et al. "Stable Isotope Marking of Laboratory-Reared Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 2 (2019): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz210.

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Abstract The use of stable isotope enrichment to mark mosquitoes has provided a tool to study the biology of vector species. In this study, we evaluated isotopic marking of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in a laboratory setting. We determined the optimal dosage for marking adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with 13C and 15N. Additionally, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were single and dually marked with 13C and 15N for up to 60 d postemergence without changes to adult body size or transgenerational marking. This report adds to the growing literature that explores the use of alternative marking meth

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12

Kupfer, Alexander, Reinhard Langel, Stefan Scheu, Werner Himstedt, and Mark Maraun. "Trophic ecology of a tropical aquatic and terrestrial food web: insights from stable isotopes (15N)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 4 (2006): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003336.

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We used stable isotope analysis (15N/14N) to characterize the trophic relationships of consumer communities of an aquatic food web (a permanent pond) and the adjacent terrestrial food web (secondary dry dipterocarp forest) from a seasonal tropical field site in north-eastern Thailand. In general, isotopic signatures of aquatic vertebrates were higher (δ15N range = 4.51–9.90‰) than those of invertebrates (δ15N range = 1.10–6.00‰). High 15N signatures identified water snakes and swamp eels as top predators in the pond food web. In the terrestrial food web 15N signatures of saprophagous litter in

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Nardoto, Gabriela Bielefeld, Patricia Barboza de Godoy, Epaminondas Sansigolo de Barros Ferraz, Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud Ometto, and Luiz Antonio Martinelli. "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation between diet and swine tissues." Scientia Agricola 63, no. 6 (2006): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162006000600012.

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Naturally occurring stable isotope ratios can be a powerful tool in studies of animal nutrition, provided that the assumptions required for dietary reconstruction are validated by studies such as the one presented here. The objective of this study was to document the magnitude of isotopic fractionation between swine diet and their different tissues. For this, the isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen of the diet and selected tissues (hair, nail, liver, muscle, fat and cartilage) were determined. The delta13C and delta15N of the diet were -15.9‰ and 1.3‰, respectively, and all delta15N of swin

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14

Basov, Alexander, Liliya Fedulova, Ekaterina Vasilevskaya, and Stepan Dzhimak. "Possible Mechanisms of Biological Effects Observed in Living Systems during 2H/1H Isotope Fractionation and Deuterium Interactions with Other Biogenic Isotopes." Molecules 24, no. 22 (2019): 4101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24224101.

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This article presents the original descriptions of some recent physics mechanisms (based on the thermodynamic, kinetic, and quantum tunnel effects) providing stable 2H/1H isotope fractionation, leading to the accumulation of particular isotopic forms in intra- or intercellular space, including the molecular effects of deuterium interaction with 18O/17O/16O, 15N/14N, 13C/12C, and other stable biogenic isotopes. These effects were observed mainly at the organelle (mitochondria) and cell levels. A new hypothesis for heavy nonradioactive isotope fractionation in living systems via neutron effect r

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15

Kline, Jr., Thomas C. "Temporal and spatial variability of 13C/12C and 15N/14N in pelagic biota of Prince William Sound, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, S1 (1999): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-212.

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Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were used to identify seasonal and spatial patterns in carbon and nitrogen and to determine source of energy (Prince William Sound (PWS) versus the Gulf of Alaska (GOA)) for juvenile fishes in PWS. PWS-wide samples of bulk net zooplankton (all noncalcareous zooplankton collected in 335-µm-mesh nets), individual late copepodid stage of the large herbivore Neocalanus cristatus, juvenile Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi), and juvenile walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) were collected in spring, summer, and fall in 1994 and 1995. For bulk zooplankto

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Roth, James D., and Keith A. Hobson. "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation between diet and tissue of captive red fox: implications for dietary reconstruction." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 5 (2000): 848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-008.

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The amount of isotopic fractionation (change in isotope ratios) between diet and animal tissues is generally poorly known and may be affected by trophic position. Diet-tissue fractionation of stable-carbon and -nitrogen isotopes was measured in several tissues of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) raised on a commercial pellet feed. Stable carbon isotopic fractionation in red fox was positive for all tissues and was greatest in fur (2.6), intermediate in muscle (1.1), and least in liver and blood fractions (0.4-0.6). These carbon isotope fractionation values were greater than those previously measur

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17

Zuev, A. G., O. L. Rozanova, S. M. Tsurikov, et al. "Stable Isotope Trophic Fractionation (13C/12C and 15N/14N) in Mycophagous Diptera Larvae." Biology Bulletin 46, no. 5 (2019): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359019050157.

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18

Sun, Feng M., Guang Y. Shi, and Hui W. Wang. "Differentiation of Pigment in Eggs Using Carbon (13C/12C) and Nitrogen (15N/14N) Stable Isotopes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 99, no. 4 (2016): 1032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.16-0071.

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Abstract Consumers prefer natural and healthy food, but artificial pigments are often abused in egg products. The study aimed at differentiating the origin of pigments in eggs by applying the technique of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotope analysis. Five hundred sixty laying hens were randomly distributed into 14 treatments, which were divided into four groups: maize, carophyll red pigment, carophyll yellow pigment, and a mixture of carophyll red and yellow pigments. Eggs were collected and pretreated to determe the values of the Roche Yolk Color Fan (RCF), δ13C, and δ15N.

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Hobson, Keith A., Mark L. Gloutney, and H. Lisle Gibbs. "Preservation of blood and tissue samples for stable-carbon and stable-nitrogen isotope analysis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 10 (1997): 1720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-799.

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Researchers engaged in collecting animal material for stable-carbon and stable-nitrogen isotope analysis are frequently faced with the need to preserve tissues prior to transportation to the laboratory. In many cases, freezing is not possible in the field, so we investigated the potential of several techniques for preserving tissues for this purpose. We also included preservation techniques used for DNA analyses in order to evaluate how they might alter δ13C and δ15N values in tissues and, ultimately, whether archived DNA samples could be used for stable-isotope assay. Tissues included blood a

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Jenkins, William G., Amanda W. J. Demopoulos, Matthew D. Nicholson, and Paul C. Sikkel. "Stable Isotope Dynamics of Herbivorous Reef Fishes and Their Ectoparasites." Diversity 12, no. 11 (2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12110429.

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Acanthurids (surgeonfishes) are an abundant and diverse group of herbivorous fishes on coral reefs. While their contribution to trophic linkages and dynamics in coral reef systems has received considerable attention, the role of linkages involving their parasites has not. As both consumers of fish tissue and prey to microcarnivores, external parasites may play a significant role in trophic transfer between primary consumers (and hence their predominantly algae-based diet) and the broader coral reef community. Stable isotope analysis is a common tool for studying trophic linkages which can be u

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21

Deleens, E., JB Cliquet, and JL Prioul. "Use of 13C and 15N Plant Label Near Natural Abundance for Monitoring Carbon and Nitrogen Partitioning." Functional Plant Biology 21, no. 2 (1994): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9940133.

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Tracing with stable isotopes by using naturally or weakly labelled compounds has become a reliable approach in metabolic studies due to the high precision of isotope measurement by mass spectrometers fitted for natural range. Rapid and numerous isotope ratio determinations are now possible due to the recent automation of analyses. Three methods of analysis of carbon and nitrogen partitioning are reviewed from experiments on maize plants: (a) use of natural differences in organ isotope composition; (b) labelling with industrial CO2 naturally depleted in 13C; (c) double C and N labelling with CO

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Bogusiak, Katarzyna, Aleksandra Puch, Radosław Mostowski, Marcin Kozakiewicz, Piotr Paneth, and Józef Kobos. "Characteristic of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tissues Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (2020): 3760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113760.

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Overall prognosis for patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSSC) is still unfavourable. However, there is a hope that a novel diagnostic method may establish better cancer biology characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the isotope ratio of nitrogen and carbon in OSSC as compared to margin and healthy tissue. A total of 18 patients with OSSC were included in the study. Specimens collected covered: four tumour, four margin and two healthy oral mucosa samples. The samples underwent further procedures: lyophilization and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Measurements of the

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Cupples, Alison M., Elizabeth A. Shaffer, Joanne C. Chee-Sanford, and Gerald K. Sims. "DNA buoyant density shifts during 15N-DNA stable isotope probing." Microbiological Research 162, no. 4 (2007): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2006.01.016.

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Lima, Vania Luzia Fournou de, Carlos Ducatti, Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles, et al. "Isotopic of nitrogen and chemical analysis of deferred grazing marandu palisadegrass fertilized with urea and poultry litter." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 4Supl1 (2016): 2609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2609.

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This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing info

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Krumins, Janis, Maris Klavins, Raimonds Krukovskis, Arturs Viksna, and Lauma Busa. "THE EVALUATION OF STABLE ISOTOPIC RATIOS 13C AND 15N IN HUMIC ACIDS ALONG A FEN PEAT PROFILE." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2019vol1.4127.

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Mires are known as consistent environmental archives, but humic acids are the fraction of peat that is most recalcitrant and refractory to organic matter degradation, thus data on environmental changes during mire development can be recorded into them. This work was focused on the studies of stable isotopic ratios delta carbon-13 and delta nitrogen-15, and their distribution in humic acids within fen peat layers of different depths and peat composition. The variations in delta carbon-13 reflect isotopic variations in peat-forming plants over time and can be considered as a function of photosyn

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NEILSON, R., B. BOAG, and G. HARTLEY. "Temporal host-parasite relationships of the wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) as revealed by stable isotope analyses." Parasitology 131, no. 2 (2005): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182005007717.

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Natural abundances of the stable isotopes, 15N/14N (δ15N) and 13C/12C (δ13C), were used to study temporal host-parasite relationships of the wild rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.). During the 12-month sampling period, temporal isotopic shifts in δ15N were noted for dietary vegetation, host rabbit faeces and fur, but not for muscle or stomach contents. δ15N varied temporally for the parasitic cestode species, Mosgovoyia pectinata but not for Cittotaenia denticulata. Similarly, intestinal parasitic nematodes had apparent species-specific δ15N patterns. Only rabbit fur and intestinal parasitic n

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Rioux, Ève, Fanie Pelletier, and Martin-Hugues St-Laurent. "From diet to hair and blood: empirical estimation of discrimination factors for C and N stable isotopes in five terrestrial mammals." Journal of Mammalogy 101, no. 5 (2020): 1332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyaa108.

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Abstract Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios are used widely to describe wildlife animal diet composition and trophic interactions. To reconstruct consumer diet, the isotopic differences between consumers and their diet items—called the trophic discrimination factor (TDF)—must be known. Proxies of diet composition are sensitive to the accuracy of TDFs. However, specific TDFs are still missing for many species and tissues because only a few controlled studies have been carried out on captive animals. The aim of this study was to estimate TDFs for hair and blood for carbon and nitrogen sta

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Hwang, Y. T., J. S. Millar та F. J. Longstaffe. "Do δ15N and δ13C values of feces reflect the isotopic composition of diets in small mammals?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 85, № 3 (2007): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z07-019.

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The stable isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen in feces can be a useful tool for reconstructing diet. To examine whether the isotopic composition of feces reflect those of diet, we determined the fractionation of 15N and 13C along the digestive tracts of several species of small mammals. There were significant differences in the δ15N values of digesta in different compartments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with consistent enrichment of 15N in the stomach, intestine, and cecum, and the depletion of 15N in the colon (i.e., feces). Although feces had lower δ15N values than digesta in

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Visser, Ruud, Simon Bruderer, Paolo Cazzoletti, Stefano Facchini, Alan N. Heays, and Ewine F. van Dishoeck. "Nitrogen isotope fractionation in protoplanetary disks." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): A75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201731898.

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Aims. The two stable isotopes of nitrogen, 14N and 15N, exhibit a range of abundance ratios both inside and outside the solar system. The elemental ratio in the solar neighborhood is 440. Recent ALMA observations showed HCN/HC15N ratios from 83 to 156 in six T Tauri and Herbig disks and a CN/C15N ratio of 323 ± 30 in one T Tauri star. We aim to determine the dominant mechanism responsible for these enhancements of 15N: low-temperature exchange reactions or isotope-selective photodissociation of N2. Methods. Using the thermochemical code DALI, we model the nitrogen isotope chemistry in circumst

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Feland, Brett C., and Sylvie A. Quideau. "Isotope applications to soil science at the University of Alberta — an historical perspective." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 100, no. 4 (2020): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2019-0153.

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For the past 70 yr, researchers in the Soil Science/Renewable Resources Department at the University of Alberta have used isotopes to study topics of ecological importance. This review highlights the soil isotope research conducted within our department over this time, including an historical overview of studies of interest. Analytical techniques and advances in instrumentation are discussed, focusing on the measurement of light stable isotope ratios (i.e., for C, H, N, S, and O) using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Early soil isotope work (1950–2000s) focused on agricultural soils an

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Chandra, Subhash. "Imaging transported and endogenous calcium independently at a subcellular resolution: ion microscopy imaging of calcium stable isotopes." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (1992): 1604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132650.

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Ion microscopy, based on secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), is a unique isotopic imaging technique. The use of stable isotopes as tracers and their SIMS localization at a subcellular resolution has introduced a significant new approach for molecular localization and ion transport studies. A molecule of interest may be tagged with stable 2H, 13C, 15N, etc. and imaged with SIMS for its intracellular location. Stable isotopes of physiologically important elements such as calcium and magnesium provide excellent tracers for ion transport imaging studies with SIMS. in a recent study with 44Ca,

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Zhang, Wenfeng, Weixiong Huang, Xiao Chen, Xingfen Yang, and Xiaoguang Yang. "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence for the low biomagnification of mercury in marine fish from the South China Sea." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 8 (2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19069.

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The low biomagnification of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) in commercially important marine fish from the south coast of China has been demonstrated through the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes. In this study, levels of THg, MeHg and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were determined. Stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen (13C/12C, 15N/14N) were used to trace the carbon flow and reconstruct trophic interactions. Levels of THg and MeHg in fish muscle samples were &lt;220ngg–1. The trophic levels of sampled fish ranged from 2.31 to 5.03. The tro

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Tessari, P., E. Tsalikian, W. F. Schwenk, S. L. Nissen, and M. W. Haymond. "Effects of [15N]leucine infused at low rates on leucine metabolism in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 249, no. 1 (1985): E121—E130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1985.249.1.e121.

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The present studies were carried out to determine whether infusions of [15N]leucine at low rates affect estimates of leucine oxidation and of proteolysis and protein synthesis in humans. Three groups of normal subjects were infused for 3 h with either [15N]leucine at a rate of 0.16 or 0.26 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 or saline using [2H3]leucine and alpha-[14C]ketoisocaproate as isotopic tracers of leucine metabolism. Data were analyzed at steady state using both single- and dual-isotope models. Preliminary studies were carried out to characterize the dual-isotope model in humans using infusions of [

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Hobson, Keith A., Jacques Sirois, and Mark L. Gloutney. "Tracing Nutrient Allocation to Reproduction With Stable Isotopes: A Preliminary Investigation Using Colonial Waterbirds of Great Slave Lake." Auk 117, no. 3 (2000): 760–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/117.3.760.

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AbstractWe investigated the use of stable-isotope analysis as a direct means of tracing allocation of endogenous protein and lipid reserves to reproduction in five gulls (Larus canus, L. delawarensis, L. californicus, L. argentatus, L. philadelphia), four terns (Sterna caspia, S. hirundo, S. paradisaea, Chlidonias niger), and one jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus) breeding on Great Slave Lake (GSL) in the Northwest Territories. Our approach was based on assumptions that (1) body tissues of birds just arriving at GSL from their assumed marine-associated wintering habitats would have stable-isoto

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Sare, David T. J., John S. Millar, and Frederick J. Longstaffe. "Nitrogen- and carbon-isotope fractionation between mothers and offspring in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 5 (2005): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-054.

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Small mammals are income breeders, but the degree to which females draw from maternal reserves and partition nutrients to the mammary glands in the wild is not known. This study examined stable-nitrogen and stable-carbon isotopes in red-backed vole, Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830), hair to determine mother–offspring trophic relationships and to consider the extent to which voles rely on maternal reserves during lactation. Both dependent and independent young showed isotopic enrichment in 15N and depletion of 13C in their hair relative to mothers. We suggest that growing offspring, both de

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Hernández-Arciga, Ulalume, L. Gerardo Herrera M., and Juan B. Morales-Malacara. "Tracking host use by bat ectoparasites with stable isotope analysis." Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, no. 5 (2016): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2015-0246.

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We used C and N stable isotopes of nectarivorous bats and their ectoparasites to determine the extent to which parasites depend on the host individual for food. The difference in stable isotope values between parasites and host tissues (Δ13C and Δ15N) was used as a proxy of host use. First, we tested the hypothesis that movement among individual Mexican long-tongued bats (Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, 1844) is more likely to occur in winged flies than in mites as indicated by higher host–parasite isotopic Euclidian distance (ED). Second, we tested the hypothesis that ectoparasite species in

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Carpintero Moraes, Arroyave Gòmez, Vincenzi, et al. "Analysis of 15N-NO3− Via Anoxic Slurries Coupled to MIMS Analysis: An Application to Estimate Nitrification by Burrowing Macrofauna." Water 11, no. 11 (2019): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112310.

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The increasing use of the stable isotope 15N-NO3− for the quantification of ecological processes requires analytical approaches able to distinguish between labelled and unlabeled N forms. We present a method coupling anoxic sediment slurries and membrane inlet mass spectrometry to quantify dissolved 15N-NO3− and 14N-NO3−. The approach is based on the microbial reduction of 14N-NO3− and 15N-NO3− mixed pool, the determination of the produced 29N2 and 30N2, and the calculation of the original 15N-NO3− and 14N-NO3− concentrations. The reduction is carried out in 12 mL exetainers containing 2 mL of

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Harvey, Chris J., and James F. Kitchell. "A stable isotope evaluation of the structure and spatial heterogeneity of a Lake Superior food web." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 7 (2000): 1395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-072.

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We used stable isotope analysis to derive trophic relationships and movement patterns for components of the western Lake Superior food web. Trophic linkages implied by previous gut content studies were only marginally supported by stable isotope data. Siscowet lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush siscowet) were the top predators, and trophic overlap between siscowet and lean lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) was low. Exotic Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) occupied a lower trophic position than native piscivores because the latter relied more on coregonids. To evaluate spatial heterogeneity of t

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Azemtsop Matanfack, Georgette, Aikaterini Pistiki, Petra Rösch, and Jürgen Popp. "Raman Stable Isotope Probing of Bacteria in Visible and Deep UV-Ranges." Life 11, no. 10 (2021): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11101003.

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Raman stable isotope probing (Raman-SIP) is an excellent technique that can be used to access the overall metabolism of microorganisms. Recent studies have mainly used an excitation wavelength in the visible range to characterize isotopically labeled bacteria. In this work, we used UV resonance Raman spectroscopy (UVRR) to evaluate the spectral red-shifts caused by the uptake of isotopes (13C, 15N, 2H(D) and 18O) in E. coli cells. Moreover, we present a new approach based on the extraction of labeled DNA in combination with UVRR to identify metabolically active cells. The proof-of-principle st

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Marcu, Cristina, Damian Axente, and Codruta Varodi. "Determination of Nitrogen Losses in the Sulfuric Acid Solution, Waste of the 15N Separation Plant." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 8 (2019): 2883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.8.7449.

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The most used method for production of stable isotope 15N is based on the isotopic exchange 15N/14N in the nitrogen oxides-nitric acid solution system, known as Nitrox system. At the bottom of the packed separation column, the reflux is provided by total conversion of nitric acid into nitrogen oxides by reaction with sulfur dioxide, in a packed column type refluxer. The waste of HNO3-SO2 reaction is sulfuric acid, solution of 65-70%, which is evacuated at the bottom of the nitrogen oxides refluxer. The magnitude of the nitrogen losses, as NOx and/or HNO3 in the waste sulfuric acid, were determ

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Fischöder, Cajic, Grote, et al. "Enzymatic Cascades for Tailored 13C6 and 15N Enriched Human Milk Oligosaccharides." Molecules 24, no. 19 (2019): 3482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193482.

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Several health benefits, associated with human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), have been revealed in the last decades. Further progress, however, requires not only the establishment of a simple "routine" method for absolute quantification of complex HMOS mixtures but also the development of novel synthesis strategies to improve access to tailored HMOS. Here, we introduce a combination of salvage-like nucleotide sugar-producing enzyme cascades with Leloir-glycosyltransferases in a sequential pattern for the convenient tailoring of stable isotope-labeled HMOS. We demonstrate the assembly of [13C6]

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Buckley, Daniel H., Varisa Huangyutitham, Shi-Fang Hsu, and Tyrrell A. Nelson. "Stable Isotope Probing with 15N Achieved by Disentangling the Effects of Genome G+C Content and Isotope Enrichment on DNA Density." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 10 (2007): 3189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02609-06.

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ABSTRACT Stable isotope probing (SIP) of nucleic acids is a powerful tool that can identify the functional capabilities of noncultivated microorganisms as they occur in microbial communities. While it has been suggested previously that nucleic acid SIP can be performed with 15N, nearly all applications of this technique to date have used 13C. Successful application of SIP using 15N-DNA (15N-DNA-SIP) has been limited, because the maximum shift in buoyant density that can be achieved in CsCl gradients is approximately 0.016 g ml−1 for 15N-labeled DNA, relative to 0.036 g ml−1 for 13C-labeled DNA

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Schramm, Sebastian, Maria Fe Angela Comia Boco, Sarah Manzer, et al. "Determination of the [15N]-Nitrate/[14N]-Nitrate Ratio in Plant Feeding Studies by GC–MS." Molecules 24, no. 8 (2019): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081531.

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Feeding experiments with stable isotopes are helpful tools for investigation of metabolic fluxes and biochemical pathways. For assessing nitrogen metabolism, the heavier nitrogen isotope, [15N], has been frequently used. In plants, it is usually applied in form of [15N]-nitrate, which is assimilated mainly in leaves. Thus, methods for quantification of the [15N]-nitrate/[14N]-nitrate ratio in leaves are useful for the planning and evaluation of feeding and pulse–chase experiments. Here we describe a simple and sensitive method for determining the [15N]-nitrate to [14N]-nitrate ratio in leaves.

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Klink, Saskia, Philipp Giesemann, Timo Hubmann, and Johanna Pausch. "Stable C and N isotope natural abundances of intraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Mycorrhiza 30, no. 6 (2020): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-020-00981-9.

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Abstract Data for stable C and N isotope natural abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are currently sparse, as fungal material is difficult to access for analysis. So far, isotope analyses have been limited to lipid compounds associated with fungal membranes or storage structures (biomarkers), fungal spores and soil hyphae. However, it remains unclear whether any of these components are an ideal substitute for intraradical AM hyphae as the functional nutrient trading organ. Thus, we isolated intraradical hyphae of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis from roots of the grass Festuca

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Schneider, Katja, Sonja Migge, Roy A. Norton, et al. "Trophic niche differentiation in soil microarthropods (Oribatida, Acari): evidence from stable isotope ratios (15N/14N)." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, no. 11 (2004): 1769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.04.033.

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Bosley, Keith L., and Sam C. Wainright. "Effects of preservatives and acidification on the stable isotope ratios (15N:14N, 13C:12C) of two species of marine animals." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 11 (1999): 2181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-153.

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When animal tissues are prepared for stable isotope ratio analysis, they may or may not be treated with acid prior to analysis to remove carbonates and are loaded into tin or silver weigh boats for quantitative combustion. The effects of these methodological variations are poorly known. The effects of various preservation methods on isotopic compositions are also poorly known. We tested the effects of four preservation methods, (i) formalin, (ii) formalin followed by a transfer to ethanol (formalin/EtOH), (iii) saturated mercuric chloride solution, and (iv) freezing/freeze-drying, on the carbo

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Oelbermann, K., and S. Scheu. "Trophic guilds of generalist feeders in soil animal communities as indicated by stable isotope analysis (15N/14N)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 5 (2010): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309990587.

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AbstractWe investigated if the commonly used aggregation of organisms into trophic guilds, such as detritivores and predators, in fact represent distinct trophic levels. Soil arthropods of a forest-meadow transect were ascribed a priori to trophic guilds (herbivores, detritivores, predators and necrovores), which are often used as an equivalent to trophic levels. We analysed natural variations in 15N/14N ratios of the animals in order to investigate the trophic similarity of organisms within (a priori defined) trophic guilds. Using trophic guilds as an equivalent to trophic level, the assumed

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Gorbatenko, K. M., and S. I. Kiyashko. "Zooplankton composition and trophic status of hydrobionts of the Laptev and East Siberian seas." Океанология 59, no. 6 (2019): 987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0030-1574596987-997.

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Species composition, density, biomass and distribution of zooplankton on shelf and slope of northwestern part of the Laptev Sea and shallow-water shelf of the East Siberian Sea were studied in 2015 summer period. Using analysis of stable isotopes of carbon (13 С) and nitrogen (15N), trophic status of abundant zooplankton and fish species, and their positions in food webs of these two seas, were compared. Gut content analysis, as well stable isotope data, showed mutual changes in the trophic status of dominant fish species arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, with age.

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Colleye, Orphal, Loïc Kéver, Gilles Lepoint, David Lecchini, and Eric Parmentier. "Symbiotic relationship between the carapid fish Onuxodon fowleri (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) and the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pteriidae)." Scientia Marina 82, no. 1 (2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04627.04a.

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At Makemo Atoll (French Polynesia), the carapid fish Onuxodon fowleri lives in symbiosis with the black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. Although the symbiont seems to live inside its host bivalve by using it as a shelter, additional data are still needed to better understand the exact nature of this association. For this purpose, we implemented an approach using stable isotope ratios of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N). The δ13C and δ15N values were measured in tissues of the pearl oyster (gonads, gills, mantle and muscles), white muscle tissue from the fish and other food sour

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Herwig, Brian R., Daniel A. Soluk, John M. Dettmers, and David H. Wahl. "Trophic structure and energy flow in backwater lakes of two large floodplain rivers assessed using stable isotopes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 1 (2004): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-139.

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Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N, respectively) were measured for locally abundant primary producers, detritus, aquatic invertebrates, and fish in backwater lakes of two large floodplain rivers in an effort to understand patterns of energy dependence and trophic structure within these habitats. We observed trophic enrichment values for 15N that were within the ranges observed for other aquatic systems but were often considerably lower than the 3.4 typically assumed in stable isotope studies. Production based on benthic and terrestrial material, combined with planktonic produ

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