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Selting, Margret. "Speech style in conservation as an interactive achievement." Universität Potsdam, 1989. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4318/.
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Content:
1. Introduction
2. The notion of speech style: from a dependent variable to contextualization cue
3. Speech styles in conversation from a German Sozialamt
3.1 Extracts from conversation
3.2 Speech style constituting cues
3.3 Choice and alternation of speech styles in conversation
4. Summary and conclusions
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Obin, Nicolas. "MeLos : analysis and modelling of speech prosody and speaking style." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694687.
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Cette thèse a pour objet la modélisation de la prosodie dans le cadre de la synthèse de la parole. Nous présenterons MeLos : un système complet d'analyse et de modélisation de la prosodie, "la musique de la parole". L'objectif de cette thèse est de modéliser la stratégie, les alternatives, et le style de parole d'un locuteur pour permettre une synthèse de parole naturelle, expressive, et variée. Nous présenterons un système unifié fondé sur des modèles de Markov cachés (HMMs) à observation discrète/continue pour modéliser les caractéristiques symbolique et acoustique de la prosodie : 1) Une chaîne de traitement linguistique de surface et profonde sera introduite pour enrichir la description des caractéristiques du texte. 2) Un modèle segmental associé à la fusion de Dempster-Shafer sera utilisé pour combiner les contraintes linguistique et métrique dans la production des pauses. 3) Un modèle de trajectoire basé sur la stylisation des contours prosodiques sera présenté pour permettre de modéliser simultanément les variations à court et long terme de la F0. Le système proposé est utilisé pour modéliser les stratégies et le style d'un locuteur, et est étendu à la modélisation du style de parole par des méthodes de modélisation en contexte partagé et de normalisation du locuteur.
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Obin, Nicolas. "MeLos : analysis and modelling of speech prosody and speaking style." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066172.
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Cette thèse a pour objet la modélisation de la prosodie dans le cadre de la synthèse de la parole. Nous présenterons MeLos : un système complet d’analyse et de modélisation de la prosodie, “la musique de la parole”. L’objectif de cette thèse est de modéliser la stratégie, les alternatives, et le style de parole d’un locuteur pour permettre une synthèse de parole naturelle, expressive, et variée. Nous présenterons un système unifié fondé sur des modèles de Markov cachés (HMMs) à observation discrète/continue pour modéliser les caractéristiques symbolique et acoustique de la prosodie :1) Une chaîne de traitement linguistique de surface et profonde sera introduite pour enrichir la description des caractéristiques du texte. 2) Un modèle segmental associé à la fusion de Dempster-Shafer sera utilisé pour combiner les contraintes linguistique et métrique dans la production des pauses. 3) Un modèle de trajectoire basé sur la stylisation des contours prosodiques sera présenté pour permettre de modéliser simultanément les variations à court et long terme de la F0. Le système proposé est utilisé pour modéliser les stratégies et le style d’un locuteur, et est étendu à la modélisation du style de parole par des méthodes de modélisation en contexte partagé et de normalisation du locuteur.
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Gray, Michael Joseph. "The relationship between gender identity and flirting style." Thesis, Arkansas State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1535513.
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<p> This study investigates the relationship between gender identity and flirting styles. Data analysis on a sample (<i>N</i>=227) revealed the existence of a relationship between gender identity and the sincere style and between gender identity and the physical style, but not between gender identity and the playful, polite, and traditional styles. Masculine and Androgynous individuals are more likely than Feminine or Undifferentiated individuals to employ the physical style. Androgynous individuals are more likely to employ the sincere style than masculine or undifferentiated individuals. Feminine individuals are more likely to employ the sincere style than masculine individuals. Further analysis found that there is a relationship between biological sex and the traditional style and between relationship status and the playful style. This study finds that gender identity is a better predictor of flirting style than either biological sex or relationship status, but suggests that it would be more appropriate to consider all three.</p>
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Gormley, Samantha J. "Division I Female Collegiate Athletes? Perceptions in Relation to Head Coaches? Communication Style." Thesis, Robert Morris University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620298.
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<p> Researchers have identified effective coach-athlete communication as a factor in competitive success and participant satisfaction in intercollegiate athletics. Communication difficulties and communication breakdowns may interfere with the possibilities for both success and satisfaction. Another body of research posits that communication breakdowns between coach and student-athletes may result from failures in perception, including self-perception on both sides. Finally, more generally, gender differences have been identified by many researchers as accounting for some communication breakdowns. Using a sample population of male head coaches and female team members from five intercollegiate sports at an NCAA Division I university, this study compared the male coaches' self-perceptions of their communication styles with the perceptions of the women student athletes they coach. Three key findings are presented in this study: Media and the role of social media influence the behavior and communication styles of coaches, the experiences of the coaches and the personalities of the women on their teams affect their communication style, and the self-identification of athletes influence their perception of the head coach's communication style.</p>
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Dutsch, Dorota. "Boundless nature : the construction of female speech in Plautus." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36765.
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The existence of specific lexical features marking the speech of female characters in Roman Comedy is signalled in scholiastic literature, and has been confirmed by modern quantitative research. This thesis, focusing on the comedies of Plautus, investigates the question of why the playwrights made specific linguistic choices for female personae.<br>Greek and Roman literary theory stipulated that the speech of women in drama had to be constructed so as to reveal the speakers' feminine nature. Philosophical doctrines that construed gender as a polar opposition evince a fundamental distinction, defining male as 'bond' and female as 'boundless'. The association of female with boundlessness, it is argued, also determines woman's position with respect to speech. A study of Greek New Comedy reveals that the reflections on female nature and expression found there depict woman as adverse to limits, a concept which Plautus seems to have subsequently adapted from his sources.<br>Donatus's scholia to Terence characterize female speech as disorderly and disrespectful of the norms of verbal interaction. Concrete linguistic patterns are rationalized as symptoms of 'softness' and querulousness, both representing the female propensity to violate interpersonal limits. The text of Plautus, examined for meta-textual asides on female speech, confirms the scholiast's observations. An inquiry into the Plautine perception of blanditia reveals that female mannerisms are interpreted as tokens of a contagious moral disorder, and that they earmark the feebleness of female (and effeminate) personae. The otherness of female complaints, emphasized during the performance of palliata by both verbal and para-verbal means, is intimately associated in the text of the comedies with the chaos within women's minds. Female speech patterns in Plautus thus illustrate the concept of infirmitas sexus.
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Matsubara, Shigeki, Tomohiro Ohno, and Masashi Ito. "Text-Style Conversion of Speech Transcript into Web Document for Lecture Archive." Fuji Technology Press, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15083.
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Avenant, Carina. "Thinking style preferences in communication pathology." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03192007-100706.
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Morris, Dwayne C. "Pulpit speech a college-level course in verbal and nonverbal style for preaching /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Fukushima, Mihoko. "Displays of social relationality in Japanese conversation : speech style shifts, humour and gender." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528843.
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Steele, Ariana J. "Non-binary speech, race, and non-normative gender: Sociolinguistic style beyond the binary." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu157419067968368.
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Trottier, Haley C. "THE EFFECT OF SPEECH THERAPIST PRESENTATION STYLE ON RATINGS OF SATISFACTION WITH THERAPIST AND LIKELY ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461332893.
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Besten, Hayley E. "SELF-RATINGS OF COMMUNICATION STYLE AND DISCOURSE PERFORMANCE OF HEALTHY AGING ADULTS." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/commdisorders_etds/1.
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This study investigated the accuracy of healthy aging adults‟ self-rating of communication style, as measured by quantifiable measures of discourse performance. Ninety cognitively healthy adults participated and comprised three age cohorts (20s, 40s, 60s). Participants completed discourse tasks that included recounting a vacation, telling a story, and describing a picture. Participants also self-rated their communication style, placing them in a talkative or reserved cohort. Communication style was measured by discourse performance variables of interest: length of output (TNW) and informativeness (%IU). When presented with an unconstrained task (recounting a vacation), talkative and reserved groups, regardless of age, produced a similar TNW and %IU. When considering age and self-rating, talkative 20, 40, and 60 year olds produced a similar TNW and %IU as reserved 20, 40, and 60 year olds. Overall, adults were found to be inaccurate, due to lack of significant differences between self-rating groups. Results indicated the need for further research on the relationship between age, discourse performance, and accuracy of self-rating of communication style of healthy aging adults.
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Bland, Justin. "Speech style, syllable stress, and the second-language acquisition of Spanish /e/ and /o/." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78109.
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This study examines the effects of speech style, syllable stress, and proficiency level on the production of the second-language (L2) Spanish vowels /e/ and /o/. The study addresses traditional descriptions of L2 Spanish (e.g. Stockwell & Bowen, 1965), which claim that English-speaking learners, unlike native speakers (NSs), reduce vowels in unstressed syllables and diphthongize /e/ and /o/ in stressed syllables. Additionally, it adds to previous research by investigating how speech style affects L2 Spanish vowels, how these effects change by course level, and how they compare to NS style-shifting. Data was gathered from 55 adult learners of Spanish (SLs) at three course levels, as well as 10 NSs of Spanish using two elicitation tasks at different levels of formality. A total of 7,740 word-medial tokens of /e/ and /o/ was extracted, and vowels' F1, F2, duration, and diphthongization were measured using Praat. ANOVA tests were run to determine the main and interaction effects of participant group, elicitation task, and syllable stress on these four response variables for each vowel. Significant main effects as well as interaction effects were found for group, task, and stress on the F1 and F2 of /e/ and /o/, as well as interaction effects, providing evidence that the SLs and NSs centralized their unstressed vowels, that /e/ and /o/ became more raised and peripheral as course level increased, and that the SLs at all levels peripheralized their vowels in formal speech.<br>Master of Arts
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Coy, Timothy V. "The effect of repressive coping style on cardiovascular reactivity and speech disturbances during stress /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9804539.
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Stern, Lesa Ann 1965. "The effect of assertive and unassertive content and assertive and unassertive communication style on perceptions of relational messages, attractiveness, and communication satisfaction." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277808.
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This study was conducted to explore the effects of expressing negative feelings and opinions through aggressive, assertive, empathic assertive, and unassertive content combined with assertive and unassertive styles. Perceptions of relational messages, attraction, and communication satisfaction were assessed. Several hypotheses were advanced. Results indicate that verbal content and communication style affected relational message interpretations. They did not, however, affect perceptions of attraction and communication satisfaction. Several implications were discussed concerning the evaluations of assertive and unassertive content and style.
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Gallard, Pierre-Yves. "Le style paradoxal des moralistes classiques : Montaigne, Pascal, La Rochefoucauld, La Bruyère." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR2043.
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Notre travail interroge l’affinité entre une figure – le paradoxe – et le discours sur les mœurs, tel qu’il s’invente et se développe de Montaigne à La Bruyère : il étudie l’appropriation d’un fait de langue et sa requalification en fait de style. La confrontation des théories existantes sur le paradoxe aux exemples de notre corpus fait apparaître la gradualité de la figure, dont la configuration prototypique connaît des réalisations discursives de forme et d’étendue variables, et dont l’étude stylistique implique l’articulation des points de vue microstructural et macrostructural. En promouvant une approche englobante, continuiste et contextualisée des formes de l’écriture paradoxale, nous soulignons la dimension matricielle du paradoxe, sa propension à constituer, pour les textes que nous étudions, un principe générateur, une forme ordonnatrice : l’étymon d’un style. Nous défendons en effet l’idée selon laquelle le paradoxe constitue un lieu commun de la prose moraliste, c'est-à-dire la forme-sens dans laquelle se cristallisent une éthique et une esthétique, un rapport soupçonneux aux vérités admises et aux discours institués. L’examen des différents usages de la figure et des fonctions qui lui sont dévolues nous permet ainsi d’éclairer les soubassements épistémologiques de l’entreprise moraliste<br>Our work reflects upon the affinity between a figure of speech – the paradox – and the moral discourse, as it emerges and evolves from Montaigne to La Bruyère. We study the appropriation of a linguistic form and its revaluation as a stylistic trait. The comparative examination of the theoretical descriptions of the paradox, and their application to our corpus examples reveal the gradualness of the figure, and the variety of its discursive actualizations. By promoting a global, continuist and contextualized approach to the paradox, we stress out its functionality as well as its propensity to shape the reflection and the writing of the classical moralists
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Selting, Margret. "Emphatic speech style : with special focus on the prosodic signalling of heightened emotive involvement in conservation." Universität Potsdam, 1994. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/3793/.
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After a review of previous work on the prosody of emotional involvement, data extracts from natural conversations are analyzed in order to argue for the constitution of an 'emphatic (speech) style', which linguistic devices are used to signal heightened emotive involvement. Participants use prosodic cues, in co-occurrence with syntactic and lexical cues, to contextualize turn-constructional units as 'emphatic'. Only realizations of prosodic categories that are marked in relation to surrounding uses of these categories have the power to contextualize units as displaying 'more-than-normal involvement'. In the appropriate context, and in cooccurrence with syntactic and lexical cues and sequential position, the context-sensitive interpretation
of this involvement is 'emphasis'. Prosodic marking is used in addition to various unmarked cues that signal and constitute different activity types in conversation. Emphatic style highlights and reinforms particular conversational activities, and makes certain types of recipient responses locally relevant. In particular, switches from non-emphatic to emphatic style are used to contextualize 'peaks of involvement' or 'climaxes' in story-telling. These are
shown in the paper to be 'staged' by speakers and treated by recipients as marked activities calling for displays of alignment with respect to the matter at hand. Signals of emphasis are deployable as techniques for locally organizing demonstrations of shared understanding and participant reciprocity in conversational interaction.
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Fournier, Randolph S. "Voice input technology: learning style and attitude toward its use." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38645.
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This study was designed to investigate whether learning style and attitudes toward voice input technology were related to performance in using the technology. Three null hypotheses were tested: (a) No differences exist in the performance in dictating a paragraph using voice input for individuals with different learning styles; (b) No differences exist in attitude toward voice input for individuals with different learning styles; and (c) No interaction exists for the performance scores for individuals with different learning styles and different attitudes toward voice input technology. The statistical procedure used to examine the hypotheses was analysis of variance.
Participants were 50 students preparing to become vocational teachers enrolled in vocational education courses at Virginia Tech. Procedures involved having the participants complete three stages. First, they completed the Gregorc Style Delineator (GSD) learning style instrument. Due to a lack of individuals of one learning style category, abstract sequential (AS), only three learning style categories were used in the study. Second, they completed a background information sheet. Third, they participated in the voice-input training and dictation phase. Each student completed a one-hour session that included training, practice using voice input, and dictating a paragraph. Participants also completed the Attitude Toward Voice Input Scale developed by the researcher. It includes 21 attitude statements, 11 positively worded and 10 negatively worded.
The first hypothesis was not rejected. A student's learning style does not relate to the performance of the student when dictating a paragraph using voice input technology. The second hypothesis was not rejected either. A student's attitude toward voice input technology was not related to learning style. The third hypothesis was also not rejected. A student's learning style, regardless of whether the student had a "high" or "low" attitude toward voice input, was not significantly related to performance in using voice input technology. However, the mean performance scores of individuals with concrete sequential (CS) learning styles with "high" and "low" attitudes did appear to be different. Those with "high" attitudes toward voice input had better performance scores than those with "low" attitudes toward the technology.<br>Ph. D.
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Shinkuma, Kenichi. "Style Shifting in First-encounter Conversations between Japanese Speakers." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2068.
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This study examines style shift between formal and informal styles in first- encounter conversations between Japanese native speakers and demonstrates how the speakers shifted the speech style in the context. Many researchers have studied this type of style shift and demonstrated that style shifts occur within a single speech context where social factors, such as differences in age, status, and formalness remain constant (e.g., Cook, 2008; Geyer, 2008; Ikuta, 1983; Maynard, 1991; Okamoto, 1999). This study contributed support to these previous studies. In this study, both quantitative and qualitative analyses focusing on Japanese native speakers' use of style shifting in first-encounter conversations were conducted.
The data came from four dyadic first-encounter conversations between Japanese female speakers. The conversations were audio-recorded in a room where the researcher was not present. After recording the four conversations, the researcher conducted follow-up interviews in person or by phone in order to check the validity of my analysis collected for this study.
Overall, all the speakers shifted between formal and informal styles at least ten times, indicating that they did not speak exclusively in one style or the other in the current data. The frequency of style shifts varied depending on the speakers, but in each conversation, the older partners of the pairs shifted their speech style more frequently than the younger partners of the pairs.
Furthermore, this study found six factors that accounted for style shifts between the formal and informal. When (1) introducing a new topic and (2) closing a topic, speakers shifted from informal to formal style. This signaled the opening of a new topic directly to the addressee. On the other hand, they shifted from formal style to informal style when (1) expressing feelings, (2) using self-directed utterances, (3) asking questions for confirmation or inference, and (4) adjusting to the context (formality and/or deference). The follow-up interviews revealed that the factors referred to as (1) expression of feelings, (2) self-directed utterances, and (3) questions for confirmation or inference were used by some speakers unconsciously. The self- directed utterances of factor (2) were divided into three types: soliloquy-like remarks, asking oneself a question, and recalling something. Factor (4) adjusting to the context (formality and/or deference), formal style was used to show politeness toward the addressee, and informal style was used to show friendliness, casualness, or empathy. Friendliness, casualness, or empathy was conveyed by use of informal style when the speakers' utterances brought laughter to the context and/or when the speakers showed empathy for the addressee.
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Englund, Anna. "Amazing Aotearoa : the translation of cultural aspects, figures of speech and style in a Lonely Planet guidebook." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20324.
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Jallerat, Britta. "Styles de vie et façons de parler. Étude de quelques formes de discours dans différents milieux socio-culturels en Allemagne contemporaine." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040201.
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Cette thèse a pour objet de rapprocher la notion de « style » telle qu’elle est employée d’une part en linguistique et de l’autre en sociologie. Elle veut apporter un éclairage sur le rôle que peut jouer le linguiste dans la compréhension des phénomènes sociaux. Pour cela, une enquête par entretiens nous a permis de constituer un corpus étoffé, comportant une grande variété d’exemples, rendant ainsi possible l’analyse de styles sociaux et discursifs dans leur diversité. A cet effet, nous mobilisons la notion de « style », à l’origine réservée à l’écriture, mais qui, aujourd’hui, connaît un usage extensif. Nous distinguons deux acceptions récurrentes, esthétiques et pragmatiques, à partir desquelles nous proposons notre propre définition applicable à des productions langagières orales. Le concept sociologique de « style de vie » constitue un élément central de ce travail. Ce concept définit le style de vie à partir de « libres choix » des individus. Nous interrogeons le rapport entre le discours direct et le « style », envisagé d’un point de vue sociologique (un « vecteur » de style) ou linguistique (un procédé stylistique). Par ailleurs, nous analysons les structures langagières « préformées » ou « préfabriquées » dont l’emploi relève, comme l’utilisation du discours direct, d’un procédé stylistique, car c’est le locuteur qui choisit librement ce mode d’expression. Nous plaidons ainsi pour une meilleure prise en compte des phénomènes langagiers par la sociologie, en particulier celle des styles de vie, le linguiste contribuant aussi à la compréhension de l’Homme en tant que locuteur et acteur social<br>The objective of this doctoral dissertation is to bring together the different ideas of “style,” as employed in linguistics and sociology. Its intention is to shed light on the role that the linguist can play in understanding social phenomena. To do so, my interview-based investigation constitutes a large and various study, making possible an analysis of diverse social and discursive styles. To this effect, I’ve employed the concept of “style,” originally confined to writing, but which currently has an extensive use. I distinguish two recurrent meanings, the aesthetic and pragmatic, from which I propose my own definition applicable to oral language productions. The sociological concept of “life style” constitutes a central element of this work. This concept defines life style as based on the free choice of individuals. I interrogate the relationship between direct discourse and style envisioned from a sociological point of view (a “vector” of style) or a linguistic perspective (a stylistic process). Moreover, I analyze “preformed” or “prefabricated” language structures whose use is deployed as a direct discourse from a stylistic process, for it is the speaker who can freely choose this mode of expression. This dissertation thus argues for a better understanding of language phenomena through sociology, in particular thatof life styles. The linguist contributes also to human understanding while being a speaker and social actor
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Чепелюк, Антоніна Дмитрівна, Антонина Дмитриевна Чепелюк, Antonina Dmytrivna Chepeliuk та Ю. Лисенко. "Розрив мовленнєвого ланцюга авторським вводом". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17038.
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Torgerson, Richard Christen. "A Comparison of Beijing and Taiwan Mandarin Tone Register: An Acoustic Analysis of Three Native Speech Styles." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1003.pdf.
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Stukaitė, Alina. "Publicistinio stiliaus diferenciacija." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050623_092819-31354.
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In the system of functional styles, the publicistic style occupies an intermediate position between subject-specific styles and the belles-lettres style. Presently, it is possible to speak about a separate publicistic style, since its varieties have been fully formed. It has been observed that the issue of analysing publicistic-style varieties is very topical and results from the growing popularity of this style.
The typology of the publicistic style has not been widely investigated in works on Lithuanian language stylistics. This style is not divided into clear-cut varieties: more emphasis is placed on its genre differentiation. On the basis of linguistic and non-linguistic factors, the following varieties of the publicistic style (sub-styles) may be distinguished: informational, analytical and the sub-style of expressive information (artistic publicistics). So far, the place of artistic publicistics between the publicistic and other functional styles has not been defined; therefore, description of texts of this sub-style poses problems.
The publicistic style is defined by the linguistic characteristics of different levels of language: the length of the sentence, the frequency of different parts of speech in a sentence, etc. The syntactical and morphological structure of this style is also influenced by non-linguistic attributes: the addressant, the addressee, the content of texts, functions of the act of speech, etc.
The average length of sentences in publicistic-style... [to full text]
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Deslauriers, Claire. "Le morphème etc. chez Stendhal : du fait de langue au trait de style." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN013/document.
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Aucune étude systématique dans le domaine de la linguistique française n’a porté spécifiquement sur le morphème etc. Nous proposons de cerner les enjeux de cet objet linguistique et littéraire problématique, en diachronie puis en synchronie. Notre travail s’ouvre sur les questions de l’origine et la morphosyntaxe de etc. En effet, l’histoire de la langue permet d’observer le processus de figement partiel de la séquence « coordonnant + adjectif substantivé » et dans un même temps, de distinguer deux grands types d’emplois du morphème. Ces deux types d’emplois établissent un critère de classement pertinent pour toute étude synchronique portant sur la question du etc. De fait, si l’emploi de etc. correspond toujours à une pratique de l’interruption, il intervient soit à la fin d’une énumération, soit entre deux segments textuels. Cette partition nécessite deux niveaux d’analyse, le premier syntaxique, le second lié aux enjeux énonciatifs du texte.Nous avons donc appliqué ce principe de classement aux 350 occurrences de etc. appartenant à un corpus de six textes stendhaliens : De l’Amour, Racine et Shakespeare, Promenades dans Rome, Le Rouge et le Noir, Lucien Leuwen, Vie de Henry Brulard. Le cœur de notre travail se présente à la fois comme un classement de la totalité des occurrences du morphème et comme une analyse des enjeux d’occurrences choisies, à l’échelle phrastique ou textuelle. Une telle étude permet d’aborder un certain nombre de problématiques touchant à la l’utilisation du morphème etc. : effets d’ellipses et d’échos, enjeux des réduplications du morphème, jeux sur l’implicite, logiques référentielles mises en place par l’auteur, portée des ruptures énonciatives et conséquences sur la lecture. Nous entendons enfin montrer que etc. est un ponctème rythmant dont l’impact stylistique est systématiquement exploité par Stendhal. Révélateur d’une écriture qui donne à voir autant qu’elle laisse deviner, le etc. participe de la logique moqueuse, « cryptique » et conversationnelle des textes Stendhaliens<br>No systematic study in the field of French linguistics has specifically focused on the morpheme etc. The purpose of this work is to analyse the linguistic and literary issues of this problematic object, first in diachrony and then in synchrony. Our study begins with the question of the origin and of the morphosyntax of etc. Through the history of the language we can observe the partial fossilisation of the sequence ‘coordinating conjunction + nominalised adjective’; we can also identify two main types of use of the morpheme. These two types establish a relevant criterion for the classification of any synchronic study on the issue of etc. If the use of etc. always corresponds to a practice of interruption, it can either take place at the end of an enumeration or in between two segments of text. This partition requires two levels of analysis, a syntactic one and one related to the enunciative issues of the text.We applied this ranking principle to 350 occurrences of etc. belonging to a compilation of six Stendhalian texts: De l’Amour, Racine et Shakespeare, Promenades dans Rome, Le Rouge et le Noir, Lucien Leuwen, Vie de Henry Brulard. The core of our work consists in both establishing the typology of the occurrences of this morpheme as well as the analysis of issues prompted by selected occurrences, on a phrasal or textual level.This study addresses a number of issues relating to the use the morpheme etc.: effects of ellipses and echoes, issues of reduplication of the morpheme, effects of the implicit, referential logics set up by the author, scope of the enunciative ruptures and their effects on the reader. Finally we intend to show that etc. is a beating ‘puncteme’ (acting as a modulating ‘punctuation mark’) whose rhythmical and stylistic impact is systematically exploited by Stendhal. Etc. is an essential part of the mocking, ‘cryptic’ and conversational logic of the works of Stendhal, revealing a writing which lets the reader see as much as it lets him guess
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Wu, Yaru. "Étude de la réduction segmentale en français parlé à travers différents styles : apports des grands corpus et du traitement automatique de la parole à l’étude du schwa, du /ʁ/ et des réductions à segments multiples". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA078.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail sur la réduction segmentale (i.e. délétion ou réduction temporelle) en français spontané nous a permis non seulement de proposer deux méthodes de recherche pour les études en linguistique, mais également de nous interroger sur l'influence de différents facteurs de variation sur divers phénomènes de réduction et d'apporter des connaissances sur la propension à la réduction des segments. Nous avons appliqué la méthode descendante qui utilise l'alignement forcé avec variantes lorsqu’il s’agissait de phénomènes de réduction spécifiques. Lorsque ce n'était pas le cas, nous avons utilisé la méthode ascendante qui examine des segments absents et courts. Trois phénomènes de réduction ont été choisis : l'élision du schwa, la chute du /ʁ/ et la propension à la réduction des segments. La méthode descendante a été utilisée pour les deux premiers. Les facteurs en commun étudiés sont le contexte post-lexical, le style, le sexe et la profession. L’élision du schwa en syllabe initiale de mots polysyllabiques et la chute du /ʁ/ post-consonantique en finale de mots ne sont pas toujours influencées par les mêmes facteurs. De même, l’élision du schwa lexical et celle du schwa épenthétique ne sont pas conditionnées par les mêmes facteurs. L’étude sur la propension à la réduction des segments nous a permis d'appliquer la méthode ascendante et d’étudier la réduction des segments de manière générale. Les résultats suggèrent que les liquides et les glides résistent moins à la réduction que les autres consonnes et que les voyelles nasales résistent mieux à la réduction que les voyelles orales. Parmi les voyelles orales, les voyelles hautes arrondies ont tendance à être plus souvent réduites que les autres voyelles orales<br>This study on segmental reduction (i.e. deletion or temporal reduction) in spontaneous French allows us to propose two research methods for linguistic studies on large corpora, to investigate different factors of variation and to bring new insights on the propensity of segmental reduction. We applied the descendant method using forced alignment with variants when it concerns a specific reduction phenomena. Otherwise, we used the ascendant method using absent and short segments as indicators. Three reduction phenomena are studied: schwa elision, /ʁ/ deletion and the propensity of segmental reduction. The descendant method was used for analyzing schwa elision and /ʁ/ deletion. Common factors used for the two studies are post-lexical context, speech style, sex and profession. Schwas elision at initial syllable position in polysyllabic words and post-consonantal /ʁ/ deletion at word final position are not always conditioned by the same variation factors. Similarly, lexical schwa and epenthetic schwa are not under the influence of the same variation factors. The study on the propensity of segmental reduction allows us to apply the ascendant method and to investigate segmental reduction in general. Results suggest that liquids and glides resist less the reduction procedure than other consonants and nasal vowels resist better reduction procedure than oral vowels. Among oral vowels, high rounded vowels tend to be reduced more often than other oral vowels
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Godement-Berline, Rémi. "La focalisation prosodique dans la parole interprétée en français." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC005/document.
Full textAbstract:
La focalisation prosodique désigne le soulignement d’un constituant dans un énoncé au moyen de différentes ressources prosodiques, en particulier l’accentuation et l’intonation. Plusieurs fonctions sont attribuées à la focalisation : le marquage des différentes catégories de focus, ainsi que des fonctions emphatiques (ici appelées insistance et expressivité). Cette thèse a pour principal but de savoir si la focalisation et ses fonctions présentent des propriétés spécifiques dans le phonogenre de la parole interprétée, c’est-à-dire l’oralisation d’un texte écrit mémorisé au préalable par le locuteur (généralement un comédien). Cette question présente un intérêt pour la linguistique et la phonétique à plusieurs titres. Tout d’abord, les différences de réalisation prosodique entre les fonctions de la focalisation sont encore mal connues. Par ailleurs, peu d’études ont été consacrées aux caractéristiques prosodiques de la parole interprétée. Enfin, notre thèse présente un apport sur le plan méthodologique à travers le protocole relativement novateur de ses deux expériences. Dans une expérience de production, des locuteurs ont reproduit des conversations spontanées en parole lue et en parole interprétée. Un groupe d’experts en prosodie a ensuite relevé les occurrences de focalisation dans le corpus et a effectué une classification fonctionnelle de ces occurrences. Nous avons également mené une expérience de perception afin de comparer la réalisation des fonctions de la focalisation indépendamment du phonogenre. Malgré un taux d’accord entre experts relativement faible (ce qui soulève plusieurs questions méthodologiques et théoriques), nos analyses révèlent plusieurs résultats originaux. La fréquence d’occurrence de la focalisation est la plus élevée en parole interprétée, suivie de la parole lue. Ce résultat confirme notre prédiction et suggère que la parole interprétée est un phonogenre favorable à l’étude de la focalisation. Une forte relation est observée entre la fonction d’insistance et le trait d’accentuation initiale, ce qui confirme de nombreuses études précédentes. Le phonogenre se révèle en revanche avoir très peu d’influence sur la réalisation de la focalisation et de ses fonctions. Ce résultat est dû selon nous à un manque de données et au fait que certains traits prosodiques n’ont pas été pris en compte dans l’analyse<br>Prosodic highlighting refers to the distinction of a constituent through various prosodic means, especially accentuation and intonation. It is taken to fulfill several functions: marking the different types of focus, as well as emphatic functions (named here “insisting” and “expressiveness”). The main goal of this thesis is to determine whether prosodic highlighting and its functions display specific features in interpreted speech, a speaking style that can be defined as the oralization of a written text previously memorized by the speaker (typically an actor). This question is relevant for linguistics and phonetics on several counts. First, little is still known about prosodic differences between functions of prosodic highlighting. Moreover, few studies have analyzed the prosodic characteristics of interpreted speech. Finally, through their innovative protocols, the two experiments described in this thesis present a methodological contribution. A production experiment consisted in having speakers replicate spontaneous conversations in read and interpreted speech. A group of experts then annotated the occurrences of prosodic highlighting in the corpus, and assigned a function to each occurrence. A perception experiment was also led in order to compare the realization of each function independently of speaking style. Despite a relatively low agreement rate between experts (which raises several methodological and theoretical questions), our analyses reveal several important results. The frequency of occurrence of prosodic highlighting is highest in interpreted speech, followed by read speech. This confirms our prediction and suggests that interpreted speech is more suited to the study of prosodic highlighting than other speaking styles. A strong association is observed between insisting and initial secondary accent, which confirms many previous studies. However, there is almost no influence of speaking style on the realization of prosodic highlighting and its functions. We attribute this result to a lack of data and to the fact that some prosodic features were not taken into account in the analysis
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Guitard-Ivent, Fanny. "Coarticulation C-à-V en français : interaction avec le type de voyelle, la position prosodique et le style de parole." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA077/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse étudie la coarticulation C-à-V en français et son interaction avec d’autres sources de variations dans le but de mieux comprendre ce qui la module et ce qui gouverne la variation dans la parole. Pour cela, à partir de grands corpus de parole, nous avons testé comment la coarticulation C-à-V était fonction : 1) des caractéristiques articulatoires des consonnes et voyelles impliquées à partir de 18.5k voyelles /i, e, ɛ, a, x, u, o, ɔ/ (/x/=/ø, œ, ə/) en contexte ALVéolaire, UVulaire et VÉLaire ; 2) de la position prosodique occupée par les voyelles, en comparant le degré de coarticulation de 17k séquences CV et VC, V=/i, e, a, ɔ/ et C=ALV|UV, en position initiale de groupe intonatif, avec celui de séquences semblables en position interne de mot ; et 3) du style de parole, en analysant le degré de coarticulation dans 22k séquences CV et VC, V= /i, E, a, u, ɔ/ (/E/=/e, ɛ/) et C=ALV|UV, issues de parole journalistique et conversationnelle. Cette thèse montre qu’en plus de dépendre des caractéristiques articulatoires des segments, la coarticulation est aussi modulée par des facteurs linguistiques, liés à l’organisation prosodique du message, et des facteurs communicationnels dépendant de la situation de communication. Cependant, certains résultats suggèrent que la modulation de la coarticulation par la position prosodique et le style de parole, ont des fonctions linguistiques différentes dont les implications sur la variation dans la parole seront discutées. Enfin, une réflexion sur les changements de sons en lien avec la préférence universelle pour l’antériorisation des voyelles postérieures fermées sera proposée à partir des différences observées entre les voyelles<br>This dissertation examines C-to-V coarticulation in French and its interaction with others sources of variation in order to better understand what modulates and governs variation in speech. Based on data from large speech corpora, we tested how C-to-V coarticulation is a function of: 1) the articulatory properties of the tested segments, i.e. 18.5k vowels /i, e, ɛ, a, x, u, o, ɔ/ (/x/=/ø, œ, ə/) in ALVeolar, UVular et VELar contexts; 2) the prosodic position occupied by the vowels, comparing the degree of coarticulation of 17k CV and VC sequences V=/i, e, a, ɔ/ and C=ALV|UV in initial position of intonational phrases, to similar sequences in internal word position; 3) the speech style, by analyzing the degree of coarticulation in 22k CV and VC sequences, V = /i, E, a, u, ɔ/ (/E/ = /e, ɛ/) and C = ALV|UV, in journalistic and conversational speech. The thesis demonstrates that coarticulation, in addition to being dependent on the articulatory characteristics of segments, is also modulated by other linguistic factors, related to the prosodic organization of the message, and communicational factors depending on the communication situation. Indeed, vowels are more resistant to coarticulation in strong prosodic positions as in formal speech. However, some results suggest that the modulation of coarticulation by prosodic position and speech style have different linguistic functions whose implications for speech variation will be discussed. Finally, a reflection on sound changes related to the universal preference for the anteriorization of back closed vowels will be proposed from the observed differences between the vowels
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Mattos, Tiago Ramos e. "Um estudo do estilo nos gêneros do discurso biografia e autobiografia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/14356.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-01<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>This current dissertation aims to put in perspective the contrastive study of speech genres through biographies and autobiographies by means of the style's studies on both speech genres in an attempt to verify in what they converge or dissent. This paper brought up, as the subject of research, a study of biography and autobiography genres, facing the textual process of drafting on its stylistic constitution, such as proposed by Bakhtin. We have made the question: What are the convergent features and more precisely the different features present in the identification of biography and autobiography speech genres, taking into account the style of both speech genres? The main goal of the research was to verify the construction of speech genres biography and autobiography, setting a comparative analysis, in order to typify the similarities and differences between both speech genres anchored in the specific objects that had as starting point: a) checking the discursive-declarative positioning; b) the primary and secondary speech genres; c) the constitutive heterogeneity that leads us to the analysis of the linear and pictorial style as foreseen. As theoretical bases we used considerations of Arfuch (2009/2010), Bakhtin (1992), Bakhtin/Valoshínov (2009), Brait (2006), Brait/Melo (2005), Castro (2014), Fairclough (1992), Fiorin (2006/2008), Vilas Boas (2007). The selected corpora were Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai's biography and autobiography. Based on biography and autobiography speech genres' contrastive analysis we have reached the result that biography as a style has as main characteristic a formal style, "written as if written" with a prominence of pictorial style over the linear style. On the other hand, autobiography is also formal, although it is disguised as an informal intention derived from its discursive-declarative positioning, which requires the unity of the first person singular pronoun "I" and therefore has a written style as if spoken with a prominence of the linear style over the pictorial style<br>O presente trabalho perspectivou o estudo contrastivo dos gêneros do discurso
biografia e autobiografia por intermédio do estudo do estilo em ambos os gêneros do
discurso verificando em que convergem e no que divergem a biografia e a
autobiografia. Este trabalho trouxe à tona, como tema de pesquisa, um estudo dos
gêneros biografia e autobiografia, voltado para o processo de elaboração textual em
sua constituição estilística, nos moldes propostos por Bakhtin. Teve como problema
de pesquisa a pergunta: Quais são as características convergentes e mais
precisamente as características divergentes presentes na identificação dos gêneros
do discurso biografia e autobiografia, levando-se em conta o estilo de ambos os
gêneros do discurso? O objetivo central da pesquisa estava em verificara construção
dos gêneros do discurso biografia e autobiografia, estabelecendo uma análise
comparativa entre os gêneros, a fim de caracterizar as semelhanças e as diferenças
entre ambos os gêneros do discurso ancorado nos objetivos específicos que tinham
como ponto de partida a verificação do posicionamento enunciativo-discursivo, os
gêneros do discurso primário e secundário e a heterogeneidade constitutiva para
chegarmos à análise do estilo linear e pictórico como havíamos previsto. Como
bases teóricas utilizamos as considerações de Arfuch (2009/2010) Bakhtin (1992)
Bakhtin/Valoshínov (2009), Brait (2006), Brait/Melo (2005), Castro (2014)Fairclough
(1992),Fiorin (2006/2008), Vilas Boas (2007).Os corpora selecionados foram a
biografia e a autobiografia de MalalaYousafzai ativista paquistanesa que luta pela
questão da educação. Com base na análise contrastiva dos gêneros do discurso
biografia e autobiografia chegou-se ao resultado que a biografia quanto ao estilo tem
como característica um estilo formal, escrito como se escrito com uma
preponderância do estilo pictórico sobre o estilo linear. A autobiografia também é
formal, embora seja travestida de uma intenção informal derivada do seu
posicionamento enunciativo-discursivo, que pressupõe a unicidade do pronome
pessoal do caso reto eu e que tem, portanto, um estilo escrito como se falado
tendo uma preponderância do estilo linear sobre o estilo pictórico
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Bean, Ariel Rebekah. "Leaving the Dark to Find the Light: A Study of L1 English Acquisition of L2 Spanish /l/." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3415.
Full textAbstract:
Second language acquisition (SLA) research is rich in possibilities for examining language-specific phonetics and phonology in the cross-linguistic context of acquisition. However, much of the existing English-Spanish research focuses on the acquisition of voice onset time (VOT) of /p, t, k, b, d, ɡ/ or rhotics, or on acquisition in relation to factors such as task type, time abroad, and motivational intensity (e.g. Alvord & Christiansen, 2012; Díaz-Campos, 2004, 2006; Face, 2006; Martinsen, 2010; Martinsen & Alvord, 2012; Shively, 2008; Shively & Cohen, 2008; Tanner, 2012 a, 2012b; Zampini, 1994). Like these studies, the present study incorporates linguistic and extralinguistic variables, but this time focusing on Spanish /l/ acquisition in native English speakers. Furthermore, the present study investigates L2 lateral liquid /l/ acquisition by comparing L2 results with previously established L1 research of /l/. Reviewing a variety of SLA phonological research in a wide range of contexts, I include in this study nine independent variables based on syllabic context, phonetic context, level of learning, task type, and motivational intensity. The L2 Spanish /l/ data came from digitally recorded speech samples from 21 L2 Spanish speakers and were compared with a benchmark established by similar recordings from two L1 English and two L1 Spanish speakers. All participated in conversational and reading tasks, and all the L2 participants completed a background questionnaire for demographic and linguistic experience data and the Survey of Motivational Intensity (Gardner, 1985) to measure individual motivational intensities to learn Spanish. From these data, target-like /l/ acquisition was determined by acoustically derived formant measurements and tested for significance in a variety of variables. Of the independent variables, syllabic context proved to be collinear with vowels preceding and following /l/ and motivational intensity was not statistically significant. Moreover, the results prove that syllabic context, certain preceding and following phonetic segments, level of learning, and task type all have a significant effect on successful L2 Spanish /l/ acquisition.
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Lam, Melissa Karmen. "'The Pure Products of America Go Crazy' Defamiliarizing American Language and Culture in Lolita and The Crying of Lot 49." Thesis, University of Canterbury. English, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/942.
Full textAbstract:
My thesis centers on Lolita and The Crying of Lot 49 and the ways in which both novels defamiliarize our world and ways of thinking. Both novels use formal literary techniques as a way of making ordinary cultural artifacts, situations, and environments seem unfamiliar from our every day perceptions. This process of defamiliarizing the regular and everyday has the greater implications of estranging universal themes such as love, environment, and belonging. Both novels also question our precarious hold on corporeal reality by interpreting plot through two outside narrators whose trustworthiness is constantly placed into question. Unsurprisingly, Lolita and The Crying of Lot 49 unsettle the categories of truthfulness and reinvention in interpreting America's immediate cultural and environmental landscape. Both texts blur the distinction between recorded and imaginatively reconstructed worlds: just so, America has isolated our two narrators in the text from their immediate landscape. Interpretations of America are questioned in the thesis through the process of Shklovsky's theory of Defamiliarization interfaced with Freud's Uncanny in the novel. Language disobedience and discord also play a part and will be discussed through Bakhtin's theories on polyphonic language.
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Zarco, Gonzalez Ixchel. "Factores que Influyen en la Adquisición de los Sonidos Róticos del Español como Segunda Lengua: Sensibilidad Cultural, Motivación, Nivel de Instrucción, Tipo de Discurso, Tiempo de Residencia en el Extranjero y Contexto Fonético." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3759.
Full textAbstract:
The body of the literature examining the acquisition of Spanish rhotics is expanding (e.g., Canfield, 1940; Face, 2006; Rose, 2010; Hurtado & Estrada, 2010). Most studies on the acquisition of Spanish rhotics have focused on how students progress at different levels of instruction (e.g., Rose, 2010; Hurtado & Estrada, 2010) while various other factors have been shown to affect the second language acquisition of phonology, such as style variation (e.g., Diaz-Campos, 2006; González--Bueno, 1997; Zampini, 1994), L1 transfer (e.g., Major, 2001), and experience abroad (e.g., Díaz-Campos, 2004, 2006; Lafford, 2006). Work on the acquisition of the Spanish tap and trill by regular classroom students has consistently shown that these sounds, especially the trill, are difficult to master for adult English speaking learners (e.g., Reeder, 1998; Face, 2006). However, the influence of factors such as cultural sensitivity, motivation, and experience abroad has been relatively understudied. This study explores the influence of these factors on the second language acquisition of the pronunciation of Spanish rhotics. In order to investigate the acquisition of Spanish pronunciation, 39 adult learners of various levels of instruction participated in the study. Participants completed a background questionnaire, the Survey of Motivational Intensity (Gardner 1985), and the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) as a measure of cultural sensitivity. Learners' speech was recorded as they completed three different tasks, including a brief oral interview, the reading of a story, and a world list including rhotics in six different phonetic contexts that students were asked to read aloud. The tasks were recorded digitally and production of the tap and trill was analyzed spectrographically using Praat. Finally, the relationship between the aforementioned factors and target-like production of /ɾ/ and /r/ was explored with a crosstab analysis combined with an ANOVA analysis and a multiple regression analysis. The results show that neither Motivational Intensity nor Cultural Sensitivity have an influence in the acquisition of Spanish rhotics. Level of instruction and time of residence are the main predictors of target like pronunciation of the Spanish rhotics. The phonetic context harder to acquire is the trill after an alveolar consonant while the easiest is the tap between vowels.
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Costa, Viviane Godoi da. "As marcas de oralidade como recurso estilístico nas crônicas de Joaquim Ferreira dos Santos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5317.
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A crônica é um gênero textual híbrido, por oscilar entre a subjetividade da literatura e a objetividade do jornalismo. Ela nasce de fatos corriqueiros, está vinculada à fala e à interação e tem um estilo que simula naturalidade. Diante de um texto desse tipo, de que maneira podemos dissociar as marcas de oralidade como constituintes da construção composicional do gênero das marcas de oralidade usadas como recurso estilístico do cronista? Para responder a essa questão, recorremos à Estilística e aos estudos sobre oralidade e escrita, guiando-nos, prioritariamente, pelas ideias de Marcel Cressot, Nilce SantAnna Martins, Norma Discini, José Lemos Monteiro, Claudio Cezar Henriques, Sírio Possenti, Dino Preti, Hudinilson Urbano, Luiz Antônio Marcuschi, Ingedore Villaça Koch e Eni P. Orlandi, entre outros. Trabalhamos, em adição, a linguagem jornalística sob a perspectiva de Patrick Charaudeau. O corpus utilizado para este trabalho teórico foi organizado a partir de crônicas de Joaquim Ferreira dos Santos, cujos textos, em sua maioria, voltam-se para a influência da modalidade falada da língua no cotidiano dos leitores, o que demonstra sua preocupação com a linguagem. Adotamos a linguagem sob a perspectiva sociointeracionista, nos termos de Mikhail Bakhtin, e sustentamos a visão de que as marcas de oralidade nas crônicas de Joaquim configuram-se como recurso estratégico para produzir um efeito de sentido pretendido pelo autor em determinado contexto<br>The journalistic chronicle is a hybrid text once it oscillates between the literary subjectivity and objectivity of journalism. It is born from everyday facts, is linked to speech and to interaction and it is built in a style that simulates naturalness. Considering a text of this nature, in which way can we dissociate the marks of orality as constituents of the compositional construction of the genre from the orality marks used as a stylistic feature of the chronicler? Seeking to answer this question, we made use of Stylistics and the correlate studies of orality and writing, being guided, primarily, by the ideas of Marcel Cressot, Nilce SantAnna Martins, Norma Discini, José Lemos Monteiro, Claudio Cezar Henriques, Sírio Possenti, Dino Preti, Hudinilson Urbano, Luiz Antônio Marcuschi, Ingedore Villaça Koch e Eni P. Orlandi, among others. In addition, we studied the journalistic language from the perspective of Patrick Charaudeau's Semiolinguistics. The corpus used to this theoretical study was based on the journalistic chronicles of Joaquim Ferreira dos Santos, whose texts mostly turn to the influence of spoken mode of language found in the daily life of readers, which demonstrates his concern with the language. The adopted language perspective herein is the social-interactionist one, in connection with Mikhail Bakhtins ideas, and we hold the view that the marks of orality in Joaquims journalistic chronicles configure themselves as a strategic resource to produce an effect of meaning intended by the author in a given context
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Gavaldà, Ferré Núria. "Index of idiolectal similitude for the phonological module of English applied to forensic speech comparison." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123775.
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The framework of the present PhD dissertation is the area that results from the overlap between the field of variationist sociolinguistics and forensic linguistics, which mainly concerns the study of variation between different individuals –inter-speaker variation– and variation within a single individual –intra-speaker variation– for forensic purposes. The primary objective of the present dissertation is twofold. On the one hand, it proposes a protocol for the creation of an Index of Idiolectal Similitude (IIS) for the phonological module of English that can effectively determine whether two oral samples show inter-speaker variation –which would indicate that the samples have been produced by two different individuals– or intra-speaker variation –which would allow to conclude that the samples have been produced by the same individual. On the other hand, the analysis of the fourteen variables proposed in a corpus that contains data on sixteen speakers and that is stratified according to measurement time –as a result of a real time study–, language contact and gender, provides an important contribution to the Base Rate knowledge, which constitutes one of the main challenges of current forensic linguistics.
Results show that inter-speaker variation is generally higher than intra-speaker variation, and that a speaker’s idiolectal style remains relatively stable over time. Therefore, the IIS is presented as an innovative quantitative tool which, together with other quantitative and qualitative techniques that the linguist acting as expert witness may have at their disposition, can help reach a conclusion regarding the probability of two samples having been produced or not by the same speaker.<br>Aquesta tesi doctoral s’emmarca dins l’àrea comú on es troben els camps de la sociolingüística de la variació i la lingüística forense, en la qual es troba l’estudi de la variació entre diferents individus –variació inter-parlant– i la variació en del mateix individu –variació intra-parlant– amb finalitats forenses. La investigació té dos objectius principals. D’una banda, es proposa el protocol per a la creació d’un Índex de Similitud Idiolectal (ISI) per al mòdul fonològic de l’anglès que pot determinar de manera efectiva si dues mostres orals mostren variació inter-parlant –que indicaria que les mostres haurien estat produïdes per dos individus diferents– o variació intra-parlant –la qual cosa portaria a concloure que les mostres haurien estat produïdes pel mateix individu. D’altra banda, l’anàlisi de les catorze variables proposades en un corpus que conté setze parlants i que està estratificat per temps de mesura –com a resultat d’un estudi en temps real–, contacte de llengües i gènere biològic, comporta una contribució important a la referència de distribució poblacional (Base Rate Knowledge) que constitueix un dels grans reptes de la lingüística forense actual.
Els resultats mostren que la variació inter-parlant és generalment més alta que la intra-parlant, i que l’estil idiolectal d’un individu es manté relativament estable malgrat el pas del temps. Per tant, l’ISI es presenta com una eina quantitativa innovadora que, juntament amb altres tècniques quantitatives i qualitatives que el lingüista forense pot tenir a la seva disposició, pot ajudar a prendre una decisió sobre la probabilitat que dues mostres hagin estat produïdes o no pel mateix parlant.
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Wareing, Shan. "Gender, speech styles and the assessment of discussion." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318382.
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Rejeb, Sara. "Les pamphlets d'avant le Pamphlet : formes stylistiques et rhétorique du genre. A l'exemple de l'affaire Calas." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL043.
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Cette thèse porte sur le pamphlet au XVIIIe siècle, à travers une étude de ses formes stylistiques et la rhétorique du genre - à l’exemple de l’affaire Calas. Nous avons opté pour une crise religieuse, relevant de l’engagement littéraire d’un écrivain, autour d’un axe événementiel, propice à l’apparition d’une production pamphlétaire. Notre analyse s’est orientée vers un détour lexicographique des différentes étapes, menant le pamphlet à son acception actuelle. Ce terme, apparu en 1842 avec P.-L. Courriel, constituait un anglicisme chez Voltaire, et se manifestait dans une multiplicité de formes connexes. Notre hypothèse considérait le pamphlet comme un genre littéraire à part entière, aux côtés des formes canoniques. Nous avons décrit et analysé les dimensions structurelles du pamphlet pour dégager ses traits définitoires. C’est à partir de l’analyse spécifique de notre corpus, et tout en évitant de plaquer un modèle préétabli, que nous avons dégagé une structure typologique propre au pamphlet. Nous avons repéré, dans un corpus délimité, des réseaux de genres et sous-genres, à partir de la répartition statistique des traits grammaticaux, et des procédés rhétoriques et stylistiques. Ainsi, il s’est avéré que celui-ci recélait dix dimensions structurelles : pragmatique, énonciative, polyphonique, intellective, idéologique, axiologique, passionnelle, stylistique, et rhétorique ou argumentative. En empruntant à la rhétorique et à la stylistique certains de leurs instruments conceptuels, nous avons démontré que les écrits relatifs à l’affaire Calas répondaient potentiellement à la définition moderne du genre, proposée par M. Angenot et O. Ferret. Certaines caractéristiques définitoires nous ont permis d’admettre l’existence du pamphlet avant son apparition officielle, et donc l’existence de sa pratique avant sa théorisation<br>The current work deals with pamphlet in XVIIIth century. It concerns the stylistic and the rhetoric forms of this literature’s kind as the Calas case by Voltaire. This religious crisis showed the implication of a writer and which probably led to the emergence of the pamphlet. Our analysis was based on lexicographical study and which aimed to plot the different steps that have led the pamphlet to its current meaning. The term pamphlet appeared in 1842 with P.-L. Courriel and was considered by Voltaire as an Anglicism and which was appeared in several related forms. Our hypothesis considers the pamphlet as a full independent literary genre, alongside the canonical forms. We tried to analyze and describe the structural dimensions of the pamphlet to reveal its defining lines. By a specific analysis of our instance case and without applying a pre-established model, we provided a specific typological structure to the pamphlet. Based on a delimited corpus and using the statistical distribution of the grammatical traits and the rhetoric and stylistic processes, we were able to identify networks of literary genres and subgenres. By this analysis we showed that there are ten structural dimensions: pragmatic, enunciative, polyphonic, intellective, ideological, axiological, passionate, stylistic, and rhetoric or argumentative. According to the conceptual features of rhetoric and stylistic, we showed that relative papers to Calas case were potentially in accordance with the modern definition of pamphlet as proposed by M. Angenot and O. Ferret. Some of the defining characteristics admit the existence of the pamphlet before its official appearance, and thus the existence of its practice before its theorization
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Tams, A. C. "Modelling intonation of read aloud speaking styles for speech synthesis." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269672.
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Mécemmène, Céline. "Analyse terminologique trilingue du langage des agences de notation financière et analyse de divers aspects de la traduction économique et financière." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2004.
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Notre travail de recherche se base sur deux sujets complémentaires ; une analyse des termes économiques et financiers suivie d’une analyse de la traduction économique et financière. La notation financière est une discipline relativement nouvelle mais très d’actualité, cependant sa terminologie principalement anglo-saxonne, demeure encore équivoque et ambiguë notamment en arabe. Notre objectif dans un premier temps, est de faire découvrir aux profanes les agences de notation financière ainsi que leur terminologie très technique mais en même temps très vivante. Nous proposons ensuite une étude comparative des termes économiques et financiers français avec leurs équivalents arabes et anglais à travers l’analyse de différentes figures de style et procédés linguistiques. Nous abordons dans un second temps la problématique de la traduction économique et financière dans les trois langues ; français, anglais, et arabe. Nous nous sommes appuyées sur une variété de textes extraits de la presse spécialisée et du site du Fonds Monétaire International (FMI). Notre thèse s’attache à présenter les agences de notation financière restant jusqu’ici peu connues par le grand public, vulgariser la terminologie économique et financière avant d’aborder les divers aspects de la traduction de ce domaine ; ses caractéristiques ainsi que ses difficultés<br>The subject of our thesis is based on the study of two complementary essential points: a presentation of the main rating agencies and a terminology research in the economic and the financial field. We aim firstly to establish clearly the economic and financial concepts and terms in French with their equivalents in English and Arabic. The second point deals with the analysis of the economic and financial translation in the three languages (French-English-Arabic). Our goal is to analyze the characteristics of this specialized field, to compare translation results in the three languages then try to find out and analyze the problems encountered by economic and financial translators. Finance is a very broad field that represents many sub-domains however, terminology research in the financial rating sub-domain has been little developed, we decided then to introduce the financial rating agencies and to study their termionology. The reality is that until today, the economic and financial terminology is not clearly established in the French and Arabic languages which borrow a lot from the English language. We aim then to perform a theoretical and practical research, as we believe that the two approaches are complementary and enrich each other. In fact, terminology and translation are complementary and economic and financial translation requires numerous skills such as linguistic skills, and knowledge of the field of economy and finance
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Pajona, Cécile. "Les procédés de fictionnalisation dans l'œuvre romanesque de Boris Vian." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2004/document.
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Dans une approche stylistique, mêlant linguistique de l’énonciation, pragmatique et linguistique textuelle, cette thèse explore l’œuvre romanesque de Boris Vian en interrogeant les relations qu’entretiennent le potentiel imageant du langage et la création de l’univers fictionnel vianesque. En dépassant la perspective qui conçoit le plus souvent la fictionnalisation comme une mise en fiction du réel, ce travail propose un élargissement du concept, également entendu comme création de fiction. Le corpus, volontairement restreint à un genre littéraire (le genre romanesque) et à un auteur particulier, rassemble les six romans signés Boris Vian (production qui s’étend de 1942 à 1953). Ce choix tient à la volonté de caractériser l’œuvre romanesque dans son ensemble tout en mettant en évidence les spécificités de l’évolution du style vianesque. À partir de différents pôles d’analyses, cette étude cherche à comprendre la particularité des fictions vianesques, apportant un éclairage inédit sur le style et l’esthétique de l’auteur. L’étude des procédés langagiers à l’œuvre dans la fictionnalisation, au cœur de ce travail, s’attache progressivement à l’observation des lieux textuels d’entrée et de sortie de la fiction, des jeux langagiers et des figures du discours. Cette recherche examine ainsi les outils récurrents permettant le passage du monde de référence du lecteur vers celui de la fiction.Par un jeu constant avec les normes (que celles-ci soient d’ordre langagiers ou littéraires), le texte vianesque présente un monde souvent déroutant pour le lecteur qui doit alors le « décoder » pour comprendre les nouvelles lois régissant cet univers. Ce travail de thèse propose une nouvelle grille d’analyse pour appréhender la fiction vianesque<br>This thesis explores the novelistic work of Boris Vian from a stylistic perspective at the intersection of the linguistics of enunciation, pragmatics and textual linguistics. It focuses on the relations between the imaging potential of language and the Vianian creation of a fictional universe. It broadens the traditional perspective that conceives of fictionalization as putting reality in fiction by considering fictionalization as the creation of fiction. The corpus is restricted to one literary genre (novels) and one author. It includes the six novels written under the name Boris Vian (between 1942 and 1953). This choice is motivated by a willingness to characterize both the Vianian novelistic œuvre in its totality and the specificity of the evolution of the Vianian style. This study uses different analytical perspectives to understand the peculiarities of Vianian fiction and to highlight the style and aesthetics of the author in an original way. The study of the linguistic processes at play in Vianian fictionalization, which is at the center of this thesis, seeks to gradually observe the places in the text where fiction enters and exits, plays on words, and figures of speech. This research scrutinizes the recurring tools which allow going from the reader’s world of reference to the world of fiction. The Vianian text often presents a world that baffles the reader because it constantly plays with various (linguistic or literary) norms. Hence the reader needs to “decode” that world to understand the new laws by which it abides. This dissertation therefore proposes a new analytical perspective to further our understanding of Vianian fiction
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Biazolli, Caroline Carnielli [UNESP]. "Posição de clíticos pronominais em duas variedades do português: inter-relações de estilo, gênero, modalidade e norma." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144643.
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Previous issue date: 2016-09-20<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>O propósito desta tese é avaliar como a questão de continua – estilístico e fala/escrita – e de gêneros textuais contribui para o entendimento de processos em variação. Para isso, investiga-se o fenômeno variável da posição de clíticos pronominais, observando-se como as variantes previstas – pré-verbal e pós-verbal, no caso de lexias verbais simples, e pré-complexo verbal, intra-complexo verbal, com ênclise ao primeiro verbo ou próclise ao segundo, e pós-complexo verbal – se manifestam em quatro gêneros textuais jornalísticos (entrevista na TV, noticiário de TV, carta do leitor e editorial), produzidos nos primeiros anos do século XXI e marcados por diferenças relacionadas às suas concepções discursivas, aos seus meios de produção e a outras características situacionais. Desenvolve-se um estudo descritivo-comparativo entre o português europeu (PE) e o português brasileiro (PB), fundamentado nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguísticas (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006[1968]; LABOV, 1966, 1982, 1994, 2001a, 2003, 2008[1972]) e em conceitos relativos a estilo (LABOV, 1966, 2008[1972]; BELL, 1984, 2001), gêneros textuais (BAKHTIN, 1992[1979]; MARCUSCHI, 2005, 2008, 2010; BIBER; CONRAD, 2009), modalidades de uso da língua (CHAFE, 1982; 1985; BIBER, 1988; MARCUSCHI, 2008, 2010) e normas linguísticas (COSERIU, 1979[1952]; BAGNO, 2003, 2011, 2012; FARACO, 2008, 2011, 2012). Antes de se chegar às análises qualitativas que versam sobre influências externas no fenômeno em foco, detalham-se os possíveis condicionamentos linguísticos favorecedores das formas alternantes de colocação pronominal, valendo-se do tratamento estatístico oferecido pelo programa Goldvarb X (SANKOFF et al., 2005). Os resultados sinalizam que, no PE, a posição dos pronomes clíticos está intimamente relacionada a fatores estruturais, enquanto no PB tal objeto parece também ser sensível à ação de elementos não linguísticos. Desse modo, com base nos registros da variedade brasileira do português, mostra-se a coerência de se unir à observação de motivações linguísticas uma investigação sobre o maior número possível de aspectos vinculados às situações comunicativas. Confirma-se, portanto, que o continuum estilístico, correlacionado aos próprios gêneros e ao continuum fala/escrita, funciona como caminho de difusão de fenômenos em variação. Por último, cumpre destacar que o presente estudo colabora com a profícua discussão, vigente na literatura linguística, acerca da colocação pronominal e, de modo mais amplo, além de auxiliar no aprofundamento teórico relacionado às variações diafásica, diamésica e sociocultural, coopera com a pesquisa sociolinguística desenvolvida em Portugal e no Brasil, acrescentando mais resultados à descrição dessas variedades e da língua portuguesa como um todo.<br>The aim of this work is to evaluate how the question of continua – stylistic and speech/writing – and how textual genres contribute to the understanding of the variation process. It was investigated the variable phenomenon of the placement of pronominal clitics, observing how the predicted variables – pre-verbal and post-verbal, in the case of simple verbal lexical items, and pre-verbal complex, intra-verbal complex, with enclisis in the first verb or proclisis in the second, and post-verbal complex – are manifested in four journalistic textual genres (TV interview, TV news, readers’ letter and editorial), produced in the first years of the 21st century and marked by differences related to their discursive conceptions, to their means of production and other situational characteristics. It was developed a descriptive-comparative study between the European Portuguese (EP) and the Brazilian Portuguese (BP), founded in the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Theory of Variation and Linguistic Change (WEINREICH; LABOV; HERZOG, 2006[1968]; LABOV, 1966, 1982, 1994, 2001a, 2003, 2008[1972]) and in concepts related to style (LABOV, 1966, 2008[1972]; BELL, 1984, 2001), textual genres (BAKHTIN, 1992[1979]; MARCUSCHI, 2005, 2008, 2010; BIBER; CONRAD, 2009), modalities of language use (CHAFE, 1982; 1985; BIBER, 1988; MARCUSCHI, 2008, 2010) and linguistic norms (COSERIU, 1979[1952]; BAGNO, 2003, 2011, 2012; FARACO, 2008, 2011, 2012). Before the qualitative analysis about the external influences in this phenomenon, it was detailed the possible linguistic conditioning which favour the alternating forms of pronominal collocation using the statistic treatment offered by Goldvarb X (SANKOFF et al., 2005). The results show that in EP, the placement of pronominal clitics is intimately related to structural factors, while in BP, it also seems to be sensitive to the action of non-linguistic elements. In this way, according to the data of Brazilian Portuguese, it is observed the consistency to join the observation of linguistic motivations and the investigation about the highest number of aspects bounded to communicative situations. It is validated, thus, that the stylistic continuum, correlated to the genres and to the continuum speech/writing, works as a way of diffusion of variable phenomena. At last, it is required to highlight that this study collaborates with the fruitful discussion – current in the linguistic literature – about the pronominal collocation and, in a broader way, it also auxiliaries in the further theoretical development related to the diaphasic, diamesic and sociocultural variations, cooperates with the sociolinguistics research developed in Portugal and in Brazil, adding more results to the description of these varieties and to the Portuguese language as a whole.
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Salim, Maral. "Image du monde et imaginaire de la langue dans la langue romanesque de Charles Ferdinand Ramuz et Jean Giono (1926-1930)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030059.
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Les premiers lecteurs de la « Trilogie de Pan » (1929-1930) puis l’historiographie stylistique tout entière ont systématiquement rapproché l’écriture de Jean Giono de celle de Charles Ferdinand Ramuz, et singulièrement de celle de son roman de 1926, La Grande Peur dans la montagne. Or, quelque soit l’observable linguistique choisi (la référence à la langue orale, la pratique de la répétition, les formes de l’analogie), de nettes différences apparaissent entre les deux pratiques rédactionnelles. C’est que la perception d’une parenté stylistique entre deux écrivains est contrainte par bien autre chose que des faits linguistiques. Dans le cas présent, on a, d’une part, projeté sur des formes langagières dissemblables une évidente communauté d’imaginaire. On a, d’autre part, préjugé de la similarité des formes langagières à partir de la proximité du projet esthétique : les deux oeuvres mettent en effet en tension la revendication d’une fidélité à une langue parlée régionalement inscrite, et une pratique de la langue qui emprunte aux codes « poétiques » conventionnels<br>The first readers of the “Trilogie de Pan” (1929-1930) and the whole stylistic historiography havesystematically compared Jean Giono’s style with that of Charles Ferdinand Ramuz, and notably withthe style of his 1926 novel, La Grande Peur dans la montagne. Whatever linguistic criterion one maychoose (the reference to oral speech, the uses of repetition, the forms of analogy), it neverthelessappears that there is not so much in common between these two prose styles. The reason of thatfrequent comparison is simple: one often judges stylistic features from a non linguistic point of view.In the present case, readers have had the impression that both writing styles were similar because theauthors shared a common imaginary backround, but also because they had the same literary project:they both wanted to remain faithful to popular and local manners of speaking and at the same timedecided to resort to the same poetical stylistic conventions
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Correa, Duarte José Alejandro. "Reducción fonética de las vocales del español de Bogotá (Colombia)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673154.
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La reducció fonètica de les vocals és un procés de variació sincrònica per mitjà del qual les característiques temporals i espectrals de les vocals es modifiquen per la influència de factors lingüístics, orgànics, estilístics i expressius. Els principals efectes de la reducció fonètica són la disminució de la durada, la centralització dels formants i el minvament de l’espai acústic. El principal objectiu d’aquesta investigació és determinar la influència de factors com la velocitat de parla, la tonicitat, la variació contextual, el timbre, el tipus de paraula, l’estil de parla, el sexe dels parlants i la variació individual sobre la variabilitat de les vocals de l’espanyol de Bogotà. Per portar a terme aquest objectiu, es va analitzar un corpus de parla llegida a velocitat lenta, normal i ràpida, i un corpus de parla espontània tenint en compte paràmetres com la durada, les freqüències dels formants (F1 i F2), l’àrea d’espai vocàlic (AEV), la dispersió, la taxa de centralització dels formants (TCF), la diferència absoluta dels formants (ΔF1 i ΔF2), la velocitat de canvi dels formants (RF1 i RF2) i l’índex de centralització ∂.
Els resultats mostren que les propietats temporals i espectrals de les vocals depenen de factors com l’entorn consonàntic, el timbre, la tonicitat, la velocitat de parla i el sexe dels parlants. No trobem efectes sobre els valors de freqüència dels formants relacionats amb el tipus de paraula i la posició de la vocal dins de la paraula i dins el grup fònic. L’àrea acústica és més gran en les vocals tòniques i en les mostres gravades a velocitat lenta, i menor en les vocals àtones i en els textos llegits a velocitat ràpida. Els resultats indiquen que la durada i l’àrea de l’espai vocàlic no van presentar diferències quan es va comparar la parla llegida a velocitat normal amb la parla espontània. Finalment, vam concloure que la variació fonètica individual exerceix una funció important sobre la reducció acústica de les vocals de l’espanyol de Bogotà.<br>La reducción fonética de las vocales es un proceso de variación sincrónica por medio del cual las características temporales y espectrales de las vocales se modifican por la influencia de factores lingüísticos, orgánicos, estilísticos y expresivos. Los principales efectos de la reducción fonética son la disminución de la duración, la centralización de los formantes y la disminución del espacio acústico. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la influencia de factores como la velocidad de habla, la tonicidad, la variación contextual, el timbre, el tipo de palabra, el estilo de habla, el sexo del hablante y la variación individual sobre la variabilidad de las vocales del español hablado en Bogotá. Para cumplir con este objetivo, se analizó un corpus de habla leída a velocidad lenta, normal y rápida, y un corpus de habla espontánea teniendo en cuenta parámetros como la duración, las frecuencias de los formantes (F1 y F2), el área de espacio vocálico (AEV), la dispersión, la tasa de centralización de los formantes (TCF), la diferencia absoluta de los formantes (∆F1 y ∆F2), la velocidad de cambio de los formantes (rF1 y rF2) y el índice de centralización ∂.
Los resultados muestran que las propiedades temporales y espectrales de las vocales dependen de factores como el entorno consonántico, el timbre, la tonicidad, la velocidad de habla y el sexo del hablante. No encontramos efectos sobre los valores de frecuencia de los formantes relacionados con el tipo de palabra y la posición de la vocal dentro de la palabra y dentro del grupo fónico. El área acústica fue mayor en las vocales tónicas y en las muestras de habla leída a velocidad lenta, y menor en las vocales átonas y en los textos leídos a velocidad rápida. Los resultados indican que la duración y el área del espacio vocálico no presentaron diferencias cuando se comparó el habla leída a velocidad normal con el habla espontánea. Finalmente, concluimos que la variación fonética individual desempeña una función importante sobre la reducción acústica de las vocales del español de Bogotá.<br>Phonetic vowel reduction is a process of synchronic variation that changes the temporal and spectral characteristics of vowels owing to the influence of linguistic, organic, stylistic, and expressive factors. Phonetic reduction involves vowel shortening, centralized formant values and compression of the acoustic space. The main objective of the current research is to investigate the influence of speaking rate, lexical-stress, contextual variation, vowel quality, word category, speech style, sex, and inter-speaker differences on vowel variability in Bogota Spanish. A corpus of read speech produced at slow, normal, and fast rate, and a corpus spontaneous speech were analyzed by measuring duration, formant frequencies (F1-F2), vowel space area (VSA), dispersion, formant centralization rate (FCR), absolute formant frequency changes (∆F1 y ∆F2), rates of formant frequency (rF1 y rF2) and centralization index (∂).
The results show that temporal and spectral properties of vowels depend on several factors such as consonantal context, vowel quality, lexical-stress, speech rate and speaker sex. We did not find clear effects of word category, vowel position within the word, and phrase context on formant frequencies. The vowel space area was largest for stressed vowels and slow speech, and smallest for unstressed vowels produced at fast rate. Results indicated that there were no differences in vowel duration and vowel space area between read speech at normal rate and spontaneous speech. Finally, it is argued that individual phonetic variation plays an important role on the acoustic reduction of vowels in Bogota Spanish.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Filologia Espanyola
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Kuznietsova, Anastasiia. "Les euphémismes et dysphémismes en ukrainien pour décrire les hommes et les femmes - aspects linguistiques et ethnoculturels." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INAL0014.
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Cette thèse étudie la formation et le fonctionnement des euphémismes et des dysphémismes ukrainiens genrés. L’étude se concentre sur l’emploi de ce type d’expressions dans les textes littéraires ukrainiens écrits entre le XIX e siècle et nos jours. Elle comporte une dimension linguistique : elle se penche sur la signification lexicale, les mécanismes de création et le registre stylistique des euphémismes et des dysphémismes. L’étude comporte également une dimension ethnolinguistique et de genre, dans la mesure où elle s’attache à décrire l'influence de la culture et des stéréotypes de genre sur le développement, la formation et le fonctionnement des figures de style analysées. L’étude est complétée par un dictionnaire des euphémismes et dysphémismes, disponible sous forme électronique. L’analyse des données met en évidence une nette prévalence du dysphémisme sur l’euphémisme dans les œuvres des auteurs étudiés. Par ailleurs, on constate que la majorité des entrées appartient au registre familier et vulgaire. Les items masculins sont nombreux dans les groupes lexico-sémantiques décrivant la stupidité, la mollesse, les défauts physiques, l’inexpérience, l’alcoolisme, la pauvreté et l’orientation sexuelle non traditionnelle. En revanche, on trouve davantage d’occurrences féminines dans les champs lexicaux de l’agressivité, de la vulgarité, de la prostitution, de la malpropreté et de la laideur physique. L’étude des euphémismes et des dysphémismes genrés sous l’angle ethnolinguistique permet de mettre au jour les représentations stéréotypées des hommes et des femmes qui avaient cours à certaines époques et persistent au sein de la société ukrainienne d’aujourd’hui<br>This thesis studies the formation and functioning of gender specific euphemisms and dysphemisms in Ukrainian (i.e. referring to men or women). The study focuses on their use in Ukrainian literary texts written between the nineteenth century and the present day. It has a linguistic dimension: dealing in particular with the lexical meaning, the mechanisms of creation and the stylistic register of euphemisms and dysphemisms. The study also has an ethnolinguistic and gender dimension – it attempts to describe the influence of traditional culture and gender stereotypes on the development, formation and functioning of the analyzed figures of style. The study is completed by a dictionary of Ukrainian gender specific euphemisms and dysphemisms, also available in electronic form. The analysis of the data collected shows a clear prevalence of dysphemisms in the works studied. Moreover, we note that the majority of entries belong to the familiar and vulgar register. Male items are particularly numerous in lexico-semantic groups describing fatuity, faintness, physical defects, inexperience, alcoholism, poverty and non-traditional sexual orientation. On the other hand, there are more female occurrences in the lexical fields of aggression, vulgarity, prostitution, grubbiness and physical unattractiveness. The study of gender specific euphemisms and dysphemisms from the ethno-linguistic angle, reveals the stereotypical depictions of men and women that prevailed at certain times and persist in today's Ukrainian society
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Sager, Beatrice W. (Beatrice Wynne). "Effects of Male and Female Speech Styles on the Perceptions of Clinical Psychologists." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500882/.
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Previous research suggests that gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate use of sex-linked linguistic markers alters subjects' perceptions of the speaker. The present study examined the effects of male and female speech styles on clients' perceptions,. Undergraduates (N = 160) listened to audiotapes of clinical psychologists introducing the same client to psychotherapy. Clinician gender and sex-linked linguistic markers were manipulated. The results suggested that sex-stereotypes of males, females, and occupations played an important role in altering clients' perceptions of clinical psychologists. Sex-stereotypes did not, however, determine the desirability of the speaker as a therapist. The use of female speech styles increased the clinician's perceived femininity and desirability as a therapist.
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Stanek, Lynn Marie. "Relationship of Marital Types and Conflict Styles." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5105.
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Communication is an integral part of all relationships. The intent of this study was to discover if certain individual preferences for approaching conflict occur in a significant fashion between the partners of particular types of marriages. In addition, this study meant to better understand how conflict is perceived and responded to, in marriage and/or long term relationships. Fitzpatrick's (1977) Relational Dimensions Inventory (RDI), was used for this study to characterize three dimensions of marriage: interdependence, ideology, and conflict engagement/avoidance, resulting in the following marital types: Traditionals, Independents, Separates, and Mixed. Rahim's (1983) instrument, the Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory (ROCI), was also used to measure five independent patterns of handling interpersonal conflict: Integrating, Dominating, Compromising, Avoiding, and Obliging. Based on prior work of Fitzpatrick (1975, 1983, 1988) and Rahim (1983), this study asked: Do conflict styles vary across marital types? Individual hypotheses examined occurrences of particular conflict styles within specific marital types. The data represent 103 couples. Data were derived from a Likert type survey instrument of Fitzpatrick's RDI and Rahim's ROCI-II, with a total of 65 questions. Chi-square and cross-tabulation were used to reveal associations between marital type and conflict style. Bonferroni procedure for multiple hypotheses was applied. Cross-tabulation did not indicate a relationship between marital types and conflict styles. One hypothesis was statistically supported. As couple level data produced few significant results, post hoc analysis at the individual level was conducted. Conflict styles were conceptually divided into concern for self and concern for other. ANOVA was run on marital type, other orientation, and satisfaction. Significant results are reported for wives.
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TIPKEMPER, JESSICA M. "RACE AND GENDER AS MEDIATORS OF PUBLIC SPEAKING STYLES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078249478.
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Azaiez, Mehdi. "La polémique dans le Coran : Essai d'analyse du contre-discours et de la riposte coranique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3050.
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La recherche proposée souhaite être une contribution aux études coraniques contemporaines. Elle vise à analyser un genre prépondérant du Coran : la polémique. L'étude s'appuie pour l'essentiel sur l'analyse du contre-discours tenu par les détracteurs du Coran, dont ce dernier se fait lui-même l'écho, et la riposte coranique qu'elle génère. L'investigation tentera de répondre aux questions suivantes : comment le discours coranique réfute la parole qui le nie ? Quelles sont les stratégies discursives mises en place ? Quelles sont les représentations de l'opposant qu'elles entraînent ? A quels effets (de sens) sur qui et sur quoi ces stratégies conduisent-elles ? Ce travail empruntera des voies méthodologiques pluridisciplinaires issues des sciences de l'histoire des religions, des théories de la linguistique (la polyphonie, l'intertextualité et le discours rapporté) et des sciences de l'argumentation et de la rhétorique (le modèle dialogal et les questions argumentatives)<br>Although counter-discourse - or the Qur'ān's quotation of opponents real or fictitious - is a fundamental characteristic of the Qurānic rhetoric, it has never been systematically studied. This PhD seeks to partly fill in this gap. For this purpose, our work will propose a localization, a quantification and a categorization of the phenomenon in the Qurānic corpus. The investigation will attempt to answer the following questions : how the Qur'anic discourse rejects the words that denies itself ? What are the discursive strategies in place ? What are the representations of the opponents ? This work will use multidisciplinary science of history of religions, theories of linguistics (polyphony, intertextuality, and reported speech) and science of argumentation and rhetoric
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Ward, Kyle L. "Assessing police-citizen communication by identifying perceptions of community policing styles and effectiveness." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3570216.
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<p> Community policing is a philosophy that promotes mutual partnerships between the police and community members to address public safety issues (Traina, 2010). When community policing is successful, it can reduce crime by allowing the police and public to share ideas and programs (Somerville, 2009). Traditional law enforcement is largely a reactive process with its primary focus on emergency response rather than seeking solutions to prevent or reduce crime (Sun & Triplett, 2008). The general problem has been the existence of police-citizen communication barriers that hinder the prevention, reduction, and solving of crimes. The specific problem is that police-citizen communications/relations have prevented the understanding, use, and effectiveness of community policing efforts (Schneider, Rowell, & Bezdikian, 2003). As the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2003) stated, 37% of residents in 12 cities reported seeing police interacting with neighborhood members, and only 24% of respondents observed police implementing crime-prevention and community participation activities. The purpose of this nonexperimental, quantitative research study was to analyze the difference, if any, between police and citizens’ perceptions of community policing styles and effectiveness in Clark County, Nevada. The results of this study revealed a generalized need for improving the understanding, use, and efficiency of community policing programs.</p>
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Harchaoui, Sarah. "Pratiques stylistiques hétérogènes : analyse et réception des discours en milieu urbain contemporain norvégien." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040182.
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Cette thèse analyse les pratiques langagières hétérogènes d’une quarantaine d’adolescents originaires des quartiers multiculturels de la capitale norvégienne. Croisant une approche sociolinguistique, épistémologique et psychoculturelle, nous nous interrogeons sur les motivations sociales et individuelles du recours à des variables lexicales et syntaxiques jugées innovantes en norvégien. Notre recherche vise à démontrer que ces éléments linguistiques ne résultent pas d’un manque de compétences linguistiques, mais bien d’une variation stylistique à laquelle les locuteurs-individus ont recours en fonction d’une multitude de paramètres internes et externes à l’énonciation. L’analyse sociohistorique permet de replacer les locuteurs dans leur environnement local et de contextualiser leurs faits de langue. L’analyse linguistique s’appuie quant à elle sur des données écologiques recueillies dans le cadre du projet national UPUS (Utviklingsprosesser i urbane språkmiljø – Processus de développement linguistique en milieu urbain) mené entre 2006 et 2008 à Oslo. In fine la thèse propose d’envisager les pratiques stylistiques hétérogènes comme un champ de ressources non-fixes présent dans le répertoire d’individus aussi bien adolescents qu’adultes, issus des minorités comme de la majorité nationale dont le point commun n’est pas le partage d’une origine ethnique mais bien l’expérience conjointe de l’actuel milieu urbain contemporain<br>This thesis provides a sociolinguistic analysis of Norwegian contemporary language practices among 41 adolescents all raised in multilingual and multicultural environments in the Eastern parts of Oslo. Based on a series of examples from the UPUS-Project (Utviklingsprosesser i urbane språkmiljø – Linguistic Development in Urban Environments), this work discusses social and individual motivations which lead speakers to use innovative lexical (including non-European loan words) and syntactic features in Norwegian. We argue that heterogeneous features do not result from a lack of language skills but rather are a part of a speech style thatspeakers activate depending on discursive settings. We also take into account the social and historical dimensions of Oslo in order to contextualize the language practices and to demonstrate how speakers during the life stage of adolescence make themselves heard on the local and global society. We suggest that this new speech style is not restricted to Oslo and adolescents speakers, but rather is a common resource for whoever wants to show solidarity toward the contemporary urban reality