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Journal articles on the topic 'Subsidy rates'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yang, Yongcong. "Government Preference and the Optimal Choice of R&D Subsidy Policy: Innovation Subsidy or Product Subsidy?" Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/536370.

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Taking government preference into consideration, we consider a three-stage game model to compare the differences of innovation subsidy and product subsidy. The findings reveal that stronger preference to consumers’ welfare leads to higher subsidy rates, which benefit not only consumers but also firms. To choose between the two subsidies, the optimal choice varies with the changing preference of policymakers. According to the results of numerical simulation, product subsidy is better than innovation subsidy in most cases, while the government’s expenditure of the former one is larger than the l

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2

CHEN. "Estimating Effective Subsidy Rates of Student Aid Programs." Annales d'Économie et de Statistique, no. 91/92 (2008): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27917253.

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3

Newton, Amanda S., Conrad I. Tsang, and Rhonda J. Rosychuk. "Emergency Health Care Use among Sociodemographic Groups of Children Presenting to Emergency Departments for Self-Harm in Alberta." CJEM 17, no. 5 (2015): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2015.1.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine sociodemographic variations among children <18 years in (1) rates of self-harm visits to emergency departments (EDs) and (2) physician follow-up after the self-harm visit in Alberta.MethodsA retrospective, population-based cohort (2002–2011) of ED visits for self-harm by individuals <18 years was conducted using administrative databases from Alberta, Canada. Individuals were grouped by First Nations status or type of health care premium subsidy (family receipt of government subsidy, human services program subsidy, no subsidy received). Visits from 104 EDs were

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Ho, Christine, and Nicola Pavoni. "Efficient Child Care Subsidies." American Economic Review 110, no. 1 (2020): 162–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20170581.

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We study the design of child care subsidies in an optimal welfare problem with heterogeneous private market productivities. The optimal subsidy schedule is qualitatively similar to the existing US scheme. Efficiency mandates a subsidy on formal child care costs, with higher subsidies paid to lower income earners and a kink as a function of child care expenditure. Marginal labor income tax rates are set lower than the labor wedges, with the potential to generate negative marginal tax rates. We calibrate our simple model to features of the US labor market and focus on single mothers with childre

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Tang, Anh Quynh, and Takeshi Mizunoya. "A Study on Selecting Greenhouse Gas Reduction Options: A Simulation Analysis for Vietnam." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (2021): 13530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413530.

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When it comes to greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation, both bottom-up and top-down policies have limitations. Bottom-up policies are region-specific and cannot be applied at the national level. Top-down policies may not balance the considerations of economic growth and the environment. Therefore, a combined approach is necessary. This Vietnamese case study investigates optimal GHG mitigation options for both economic development and emission reduction by simulating four scenarios characterized by the different carbon tax and subsidy rates. Interventions, like replacing old buses with low-carbon bus

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Yang, Jun, Yangjia Lin, Fuzhang Wu, and Lei Chen. "Subsidy and Pricing Model of Electric Vehicle Sharing Based on Two-Stage Stackelberg Game – A Case Study in China." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (2019): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081631.

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Electric vehicle sharing provides an effective way to improve the traffic situation and relieve environmental pressure. The government subsidy policy and the car-sharing operator’s pricing strategy are the key factors that affect the large-scale application of electric vehicle sharing. To address this issue, a subsidy and pricing model for electric vehicle sharing based on the two-stage Stackelberg game is proposed in this paper according to the current situation in China. First, an electric vehicle sharing operation mode under government participation is constructed. Then, a two-stage Stackel

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Jiarong, Qian, Ito Shoichi, Mu Yueying, Zhao Zhijun, and Wang Xuejun. "The role of subsidy policies in achieving grain self-sufficiency in China: a partial equilibrium approach." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 1 (2018): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/167/2016-agricecon.

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Food security is a critically important issue in China and can be enhanced by implementing subsidy policies. This paper employs a partial equilibrium model which takes into account the impact mechanism of subsidy policies to simulate the impact of current subsidy policies on grain supply and demand and on enhancing grain self-sufficiency in China. The simulation results suggest that subsidies can generally promote grain production, reduce consumption, increase imports, reduce exports and increase ending stocks. Subsidies may also result in increases in grain self-sufficiency rate and stock-to-

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Min, Sunhyung, and Sung Ju Cho. "Analysis of the Capitalization of Agricultural Subsidies: Comparison before and after introduction of a Public Interest Direct Payment System." Korean Agricultural Economics Association 65, no. 1 (2024): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.24997/kjae.2024.65.1.97.

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This study investigates the capitalization of agricultural subsidies in South Korea by analyzing data from the Farm Household Economy Survey. Employing a fixed-effects model, our analysis reveals that a 1% increase in per-area subsidies is related with a 0.06~0.08% rise in per-area rental rates. Following the introduction of the Public-interest Direct Payment System, the capitalization effect of agricultural subsidies on rental rates showed an increment of 0.04 to 0.05%, indicating a deterioration in subsidy capitalization. This study enhances our understanding of agricultural subsidy capitali

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9

Aniemeke, Ejime Herbert. "The Microeconomic and Macroeconomic Implications of Fuel Subsidy Removal in Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, no. IV (2024): 1777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.804127.

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This paper examines the microeconomic and macroeconomic implications of fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria 2023 while adopting a desk review method using discourse analysis methodology. The paper offers some insights into the implications of fuel subsidy, drawing from the interplay of economic, political, environmental, and societal factors necessitating a holistic approach. The removal of fuel subsidy in Nigeria has prompted a profound shift with far-reaching implications across economic, social, and environmental circles. Nigeria, as an oil-dependent economy has long relied on fuel subsidy to e

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10

John, Leslie K., Andrea B. Troxel, William S. Yancy, et al. "The Effect of Cost Sharing on an Employee Weight Loss Program: A Randomized Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 1 (2016): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116671282.

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Purpose: To test the effects of employer subsidies on employee enrollment, attendance, and weight loss in a nationally available weight management program. Design: A randomized trial tested the impact of employer subsidy: 100%; 80%, 50%, and a hybrid 50% subsidy that could become a 100% subsidy by attaining attendance targets. Trial registration: NCT01756066. Setting and Participants: Twenty three thousand twenty-three employees of 2 US companies. Measures: The primary outcome was the percentage of employees who enrolled in the weight management program. We also tested whether the subsidies we

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Lee, Jaemin. "A Story Half Told—Selective Benefit Assessment in the New US CVD Rule for Exchange Rates." Journal of International Economic Law 23, no. 4 (2020): 907–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgaa030.

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ABSTRACT The new countervailing duty proceeding rule of the United States on exchange rates aims to address currency undervaluation through a subsidy tool under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. As there is no prohibition in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) making macro-economic policies off-limits from the reach of subsidy norms, exchange rates can be subject to countervailing duty proceedings. However, there are specific requirements to be met under the ASCM and World Trade Organization jurisprudence. Most notably, the new countervailing dut

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Wu, Qiong, Hong Bo Ren, Wei Jun Gao, and Jian Xing Ren. "Influence of FIT Rate on the Adoption of Residential PV System in China." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.121.

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The energy consumption in residential sector is increasing rapidly these years in China. The searching for a substitute for fossil energy sources has increased the interest in photovoltaic (PV) system as a friendly and reliable energy technology. In this study, as a promotion policy for PV system, the suitable feed-in tariff (FIT) rates are calculated assuming the cost payback time is within twenty years. Five cities, Harbin, Beijing, Shanghai, Kunming and Guangzhou located in different climate areas in China are selected for study. According to the simulation results, except Shanghai, the opt

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Richardson, John S., and Mark S. Wipfli. "Getting quantitative about consequences of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies on recipient consumers." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 11 (2016): 1609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0242.

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Most studies of cross-ecosystem resource subsidies have demonstrated positive effects on recipient consumer populations, often with very large effect sizes. However, it is important to move beyond these initial addition–exclusion experiments to consider the quantitative consequences for populations across gradients in the rates and quality of resource inputs. In our introduction to this special issue, we describe at least four potential models that describe functional relationships between subsidy input rates and consumer responses, most of them asymptotic. Here we aim to advance our quantitat

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14

Burbidge, John B., Kirk A. Collins, James B. Davies, and Lonnie Magee. "Effective tax and subsidy rates on human capital in Canada." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 45, no. 1 (2012): 189–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2011.01692.x.

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15

Fatimah, Fatimah, Subhan A. Gani, Syamsul Bahri, Sri Meutia, and Syukriah Syukriah. "The Impact of Government Cooking Oil Subsidies on Social Welfare: Elasticity-Based Multimarket Approach." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Information Technology 5, no. 3 (2025): 344–53. https://doi.org/10.52088/ijesty.v5i3.967.

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This paper explores the influence of the Indonesian government's palm cooking oil subsidy policies on the welfare of communities in Aceh Province. The Policy aims to stabilise prices, to support producers, and to increase access to affordable cooking oil for consumers. However, empirical evidence shows that the market price frequently exceeds the government-determined ceiling price, which raises concerns about the Policy's effectiveness. To evaluate the actual impact of the subsidy, this study employs a multimarket analytical model in conjunction with an interest-maximising function approach t

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16

Park, Sangkyun. "Optimal Discount Rates for Government Projects." ISRN Economics 2012 (July 17, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/982093.

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Project selection based on the net present value can be optimal only if the discount rate is optimal. The optimal discount rate for a government project can be a risk-free rate, a comparable market rate (market interest rate corresponding to the risk of cash flows to the government), or an adjusted market rate, depending on circumstances. This paper clarifies the conditions for each case. Provided that the optimal discount rate is the comparable market rate, it varies across intervention methods and changes with the subsidy rate.

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17

REDDING, LEE S. "The G fund: portfolio effects of a dominant asset." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 8, no. 2 (2007): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747207003125.

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AbstractThe Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) is the defined contribution pension plan for the employees of the US Federal Government. It is also mentioned as a model to implement private investment accounts as part of US Social Security reform. The TSP has one unique investment opportunity – the Government Securities Investment Fund. This ‘G Fund’ is a short-term asset which pays long-term rates. This provides an implicit subsidy to federal employees. To collect this subsidy, however, employees must alter their portfolios. The subsidy may therefore be an inefficient means of compensating federal empl

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18

Liu, Hongli, and Zixi Zhao. "Research on Supply Chain Decision Making of Cold Chain Logistics Service Under Different Government Subsidy Policies." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 8, no. 1 (2023): 222–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v8i1.6217.

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In the context of prioritizing environmental protection gradually becoming a general trend, how to achieve a balance between paying carbon tax and seeking government subsidies for cold chain logistics service supply chain members to further reduce carbon dioxide emissions of products will be an important decision faced by CCLSP. Based on the influence of the government's carbon tax on the cold chain logistics service supply chain, this paper analyzes the influence of different government subsidy policies on the carbon emission reduction decisions of cold chain logistics service providers (CCLS

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19

Payo-Payo, Ana, José-Manuel Igual, Ana Sanz-Aguilar, et al. "Interspecific synchrony on breeding performance and the role of anthropogenic food subsidies." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (2022): e0275569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275569.

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Synchrony can have important consequences for long-term metapopulations persistence, community dynamics and ecosystems functioning. While the causes and consequences of intra-specific synchrony on population size and demographic rates have received considerable attention only a few factors that may affect inter-specific synchrony have been described. We formulate the hypothesis that food subsidies can buffer the influence of environmental stochasticity on community dynamics, disrupting and masking originally synchronized systems. To illustrate this hypothesis, we assessed the consequences of E

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20

Shih, Hsu-Shih, Chi-Bin Cheng, and Hung-Yi Chen. "Recycling fund management for a cleaner environment through differentiated subsidy rates." Journal of Cleaner Production 240 (December 2019): 118146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118146.

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21

Li, Biao, Yong Geng, Xiqiang Xia, Dan Qiao, and Hao Wang. "Comparatively Analyzing the Impact of Government Subsidy and Carbon Tax Policy on Authorized Remanufacturing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168293.

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Authorized remanufacturing is an important means to achieve green manufacturing and carbon neutrality. In this study, a game theory model between a manufacturer and a remanufacturer was constructed to analyze the impact of government subsidies and carbon tax policies on authorized remanufacturing. Based on the game theory model, the effects of two government policies on the optimal solution, namely, the unit cost of remanufacturing product authorization and the waste product recovery rate, were compared and analyzed. This analysis could provide a reference for the government to improve and for

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22

Simbolon, Adventus Managam, Budiman Rusli, and Candradewini. "Approach and Problem Solving Implementation of Housing Subsidy Policy for Low-Income People." Jurnal Permukiman 18, no. 1 (2023): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31815/jp.2023.18.25-35.

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The government plays an important role in providing access to home ownership for low-income people. The implementation of the housing subsidy policy as a government policy in the housing sector has been developed and ongoing for more than ten years now. Until now, government monitoring officials, both internal and external, still find the same problems and they tend to recur from year to year, including inaccurate targeting of housing subsidy recipients and low occupancy rates for subsidized housing. This research is aimed at analyzing the problems of implementing housing subsidy policies face

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23

Austin, D. Andrew. "Do Lower Lender Subsidies Reduce Guaranteed Student Loan Supply?" Education Finance and Policy 5, no. 2 (2010): 138–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2010.5.2.5202.

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The article analyzes effects of borrower interest rates and student lender subsidies on federally guaranteed student loan volumes from 1988 to 1994 and from 1996 to 2006. Some have argued that lender subsidy cuts would reduce loan supply or cause lenders to exit the student loan market. If lenders get economic rents due to overly generous subsidies, a simple model of the student loan market suggests that small changes in subsidy levels should not affect loan supply. Empirical results based on a variety of generalized method of moments panel estimators suggest that evidence of links between hig

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Obidiaso, Chukwuebuka P. "The Logistical Cost of Not Subsidizing Petroleum (PMS) in Nigeria's Oil Sector and Economy." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) 9, no. 2 (2024): 2. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10725465.

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Nigeria, as a prominent oil producer, grapples with challenges in managing subsidies for petroleum products, notably Premium Motor Spirit (PMS). This paper delves into the logistical ramifications of not subsidizing PMS in Nigeria's oil sector and economy. Through a thorough examination of transportation, distribution, and socio-economic factors, this study illuminates the adverse consequences of subsidy removal on the country's logistical infrastructure, inflation rates, and socio-economic well-being. The findings underscore the necessity of a comprehensive approach to subsidy reform that add

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Thompson, Robert S., Diane C. Thompson, Frederick P. Rivara, and Angela A. Salazar. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Bicycle Helmet Subsidies in a Defined Population." Pediatrics 91, no. 5 (1993): 902–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.5.902.

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Objective. To examine the potential effects of bicycle safety helmet cost subsidy on bicycle head injury rates and costs. Design. Using empiric data on the incidence and costs of bicycle injuries to children, we examined the hypothetical effects of various bicycle helmet subsidies in a cost-effectiveness analysis. A hypothetical cohort of 100 000 5- through 9-year-olds was followed for 5 years after helmet cost subsidization. Sensitivity analyses were done of three different levels of safety helmet subsidy ($5, $10, $15), three discount rates (2%, 4%, 6%), 10 levels of safety helmet use rangin

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Diamond, Peter, and Johannes Spinnewijn. "Capital Income Taxes with Heterogeneous Discount Rates." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 3, no. 4 (2011): 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.4.52.

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With heterogeneity in both skills and discount factors, the Atkinson-Stiglitz theorem that savings should not be taxed does not hold. In a model with heterogeneity of preferences at each earnings level, introducing a savings tax on high earners or a savings subsidy on low earners increases welfare, regardless of the correlation between ability and discount factor. Extending Emmanuel Saez (2002), a uniform savings tax increases welfare if that correlation is sufficiently high. Key for the results is that types who value future consumption less are more tempted by a lower paid job. Some optimal

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Chen, Huang, Drakeford, and Failler. "Lending Interest Rate, Loaning Scale, and Government Subsidy Scale in Green Innovation." Energies 12, no. 23 (2019): 4431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234431.

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Green loans are a way of financing green innovation. Two important factors, the lending interest rate and the loaning scale, should be focused on. In this paper, we explore the impact of lending interest rates and loaning scale on green innovation. We show that the incentive of green innovation strongly depends on the lending interest rate and the loaning scale through model analysis. Moreover, the dependence is summarized as a two-step strategy. In the first step, the lending interest rate should be lower than some rate thresholds given in the paper. Otherwise, green innovation fails to be st

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Lameck, Christopher, Kizito Mwanjombe, and Scott Scheer. "The Influence of an Agricultural Subsidy Extension Program on Smallholder Maize Farmers in Tanzania." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 26, no. 1 (2019): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2019.26102.

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Smallholder farming in Tanzania is a household activity implemented at the subsistence level. The government of Tanzania launched the subsidy program to promote food secure households and shift subsistence farming to business farming. Food insecurity was associated by low rates of fertilizer application and poor seed quality among smallholder farmers due to fertilizer and seed costs which led to an increase in food prices. This study aimed at assessing the impact of the agricultural subsidy program for smallholder maize farmers. Four research objectives focused on agricultural productivity, fo

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REICHHUBER, ANKE, EVA CAMACHO, and TILL REQUATE. "A framed field experiment on collective enforcement mechanisms with Ethiopian farmers." Environment and Development Economics 14, no. 5 (2009): 641–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x09005178.

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ABSTRACTWe present the results of a framed field experiment with Ethiopian farmers that use the mountain rain forest as a common pool resource. Harvesting honey causes damage to the forest, and open access leads to over-harvesting. We test different mechanisms for mitigating excessive harvesting: a collective tax with low and high tax rates, and a tax/subsidy system. We find that the high-tax scheme works best in inducing the desired level of harvesting, while the tax-subsidy scheme may trigger tacit collusion. Via a panel data analysis we further investigate which variables influence the subj

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Liu, Ziang, and Tatsushi Nishi. "Government Regulations on Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Evolutionarily Stable Strategy." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 5030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185030.

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The government plays a critical role in the promotion of recycling strategy among supply chain members. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal government policies on closed-loop supply chains and how these policies impact the market demand and the returning strategies of manufacturers and retailers. This paper presents a design of closed-loop supply chains under government regulation by considering a novel three-stage game theoretic model. Firstly, Stackelberg models are adopted to describe the one-shot game between the manufacturer and the retailer in a local market. Secondly

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Hahn, Robert W., and Robert D. Metcalfe. "Efficiency and Equity Impacts of Energy Subsidies." American Economic Review 111, no. 5 (2021): 1658–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20180441.

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Economic theory suggests that energy subsidies can lead to excessive consumption and environmental degradation. However, the precise impact of energy subsidies is not well understood. We analyze a large energy subsidy: the California Alternate Rates for Energy (CARE). CARE provides a price reduction for low-income consumers of natural gas and electricity. Using a natural field experiment, we estimate the price elasticity of demand for natural gas to be about −0.35 for CARE customers. An economic model of this subsidy yields three results. First, the natural gas subsidy appears to reduce welfar

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R, Jaichandran, Rajaprakash S, Amit Kumar Verma, Abhishek Sinha, and Pankaj Kumar Singh. "Smart Energy Meter for Computing Energy Cost Based on Consumers Category and Tariff Rates." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.1 (2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.1.16804.

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This paper present a smart energy meter for computing energy cost based on consumers category and tariff rates. Proposed smart energy meter computes consumer energy cost, subsidy amount, and payable energy cost based on consumers category and tariff rates of Tamil Nadu electricity board. Prototype is experimented in various scenarios and evaluated using test cases. Results show the proposed smart energy meter is effective in computing energy cost based on consumers category and tariff rates.

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Shankar Shaw, Tara, and Sridhar Telidevara. "Does food subsidy affect household nutrition?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, no. 1/2 (2014): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-08-2012-0073.

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Purpose – Indian households having the below poverty line (BPL) ration card receive rice, wheat, sugar and kerosene from the Indian Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) at subsidized rates. The paper uses the National Sample Survey Organization's consumption expenditure survey for the 61st round to study the causal effect of the BPL ration card on BPL households' calorie consumption. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This causal effect is estimated by comparing per-capita-per-day calorie consumption of the BPL households having BPL card with that of a

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Man Kim, Sang. "Export Credit Guarantee and Prohibited Subsidies Under the SCM Agreement." Journal of World Trade 54, Issue 3 (2020): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2020020.

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Export credit guarantee or insurance covers non-payment risks in exports. Many countries have established export credit agencies (ECAs) to promote exports through export credits including export credit guarantee or insurance. Officially supported export credits have brought the concern that they may distort fair competition in international trades. Export credit guarantee or insurance programmes with inadequate premium rates are likely to fall under the prohibited subsidies. ECAs need to understand the requirements of the prohibited subsidies under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing

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Wang, Ying, Lidan Tian, Junrong Xia, Weishi Zhang, and Kaifeng Zhang. "Economic Assessment of the Peer-to-Peer Trading Policy of Distributed PV Electricity: A Case Study in China." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (2020): 5235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135235.

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China’s government launched a policy in October 2017 to permit the distributed generators to peer-to-peer trade their electricity generation on the market. Several clauses in the policy document are, however, unclear and ambiguous. This work identifies three vital but not clearly detailed issues in the policy document: (1) participation eligibility, (2) the grid fee calculation method, and (3) subsidy rates. Then, we carry out a comprehensive analysis of the economic impacts of the trade policy based on a case study of an eastern city in China. Sensitivity analyses on the impacts of the subsid

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Hu, Mingyu, Fujin Yi, Hong Zhou, and Feier Yan. "The More the Better? Reconsidering the Welfare Effect of Crop Insurance Premium Subsidy." Agriculture 14, no. 11 (2024): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14112050.

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China has invested substantial financial subsidies to promote the development of crop insurance; however, the insurance demand among farmers remains notably low, resulting in significant welfare loss. Based on a field survey conducted in 2021 in seven major grain-producing counties in Jiangsu Province, this study analyses the relationship between premium subsidy rates and the welfare effects of subsidies through theoretical model derivation and explores the impact of farmer heterogeneity on the results. This study innovatively introduces a power law distribution model to elucidate the distribu

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Obiora, Peters Emeka PhD. "Exploring the Symmetric and Asymmetric Effect of Fuel Subsidy Removal on the Income Per Capita in Nigeria." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 08, no. 01 (2025): 323–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14649875.

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This study makes unique contributions by exploring the investigation of the linear and non-linear effects of fuel subsidy removal on the per capita income of individuals in Nigeria. This gap serves as the motivation for conducting this research. This study's broad objective is to explore the symmetric and asymmetric effects of fuel subsidy removal on income per capita, adjusting for inflation, government spending, and the poverty rate in Nigeria. The results of the unit root test suggest that the econometrics analyses of linear ARDL and non-linear ARDL are appropriate for this study. The fitte

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A. M., Joy, and Philip F. U. "Effect of Fuel Subsidy Removal on the Job Performance of Lecturers in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State." British Journal of Education, Learning and Development Psychology 7, no. 2 (2024): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/bjeldp-as1tklla.

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The already hardship experienced due to poor salary and hyperinflation caused by fuel subsidy removal motivated this study, “Effect of fuel subsidy removal on the job performance of lecturers in tertiary institutions in Rivers state.” Two specific objectives, research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. From the population of 78 lecturers, census survey sampling was adopted. A four-point response options questionnaire was used for data collection, and it was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was est

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Alcover, Maria. "European Union – Countervailing Measures on Certain Polyethylene Terephthalate from Pakistan (EU–PET (Pakistan)), DS486." World Trade Review 17, no. 4 (2018): 693–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745618000307.

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This dispute concerns countervailing measures imposed by the European Union (EU) on imports of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) from Pakistan. Pakistan has a ‘duty drawback scheme’ by which it remits import duties on input materials consumed in the production of a product that is subsequently exported. The European Commission considered that all duties remitted to a Pakistani PET producer and exporter named Novatex constituted a countervailable subsidy contingent upon export performance. Also, Pakistan has a programme through which it provides government-financed loans to certain qualifying co

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Ugbaka, Malachy, Ojikpong Eyo, and Daniella Nwanne. "Energy Consumption and Socio-Economic Development: The Promise and Threat of Subsidy Removal in Nigeria." International Journal of Strategic Research in Education, Technology & Humanities 12, no. 2 (2024): 143–58. https://doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijsreth.v12.i2.11.

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The goals of subsidies are to lessen inequality, help families escape energy poverty, and lessen the negative effects of volatile commodity prices on both producers and consumers. The study provides some insight into energy consumption and socio-economic development of subsidy removal in Nigeria using the discourse analysis methodology. The study revealed that fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria would free up funds for other sectors, encourage domestic refineries to produce more petroleum products, lessen Nigeria's reliance on imported fuel, create jobs, reduce the deficit in the budget and create

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Asgarov, V. "STATİSTİCAL ASSESSMENT OF THE İMPACT OF AGRİCULTURAL SUBSİDİES ON FARMERS' İNCOMES AND PRODUCTİVİTY İN AZERBAİJAN." Slovak international scientific journal, no. 95 (May 15, 2025): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15427546.

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Although agricultural subsidies offer farmers short-term financial stability, they call into question their long-term output and environmental effect. The study findings indicate that direct income support subsidies can be more fair and focused. This strategy guarantees effective resource use and helps to environmental protection. Aiming to grow high-value and export-oriented agriculture, Azerbaijan's subsidy plan for 2025 gives tea plantations, vineyards, and crops cultivated with contemporary irrigation top priority. Simultaneously, enhancing systems and equipping farmers with information sh

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Klika, J. Bart, Kathryn Maguire-Jack, Megan Feely, et al. "Childcare Subsidy Enrollment Income Generosity and Child Maltreatment." Children 10, no. 1 (2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10010064.

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In the United States, childcare subsidies are available to low-income working parents to assist with the cost of childcare. The subsidies are provided as block grants to states, which allows for a great deal of flexibility in the specific policies guiding their distribution. Prior research has found a protective link between childcare subsidies and child maltreatment, but the variations in policies have been much less explored. The current study used longitudinal administrative child welfare data from 10 years (2009–2019) linked with state policies regarding the income eligibility requirements

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Wachiye, Herman J., Jackline K. A. Nyerere, and Thaddaeus O. Rugar. "Subsidized secondary education policy on pass rates in Kenya certificate of secondary education in public secondary schools in Bungoma County, Kenya." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 04 (2022): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6412.

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Subsidization of the public secondary school education by the government of Kenya in 2008 witnessed a tremendous growth in the student population at this level of education. This scenario led to an over enrollment and a strain on the existing learning facilities and infrastructure in most public secondary schools in Kenya, including those in Bungoma County . Under these circumstances, the question that remained unanswered was ; what was the effect of the subsidized secondary education policy (SSEP) on the student pass rates in the Kenya certificate of secondary education (KCSE) in the public s

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F. U., Philip, and Vivian A. "Impact of Fuel Subsidy Removal On Lecturers` Salary: Implication on Job Performance Of Selected Tertiary Institutions In Rivers State." Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (2024): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/jarms-34eonxmf.

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Inflation and hyperinflation rate have reduced the financial powers of lecturers, which was the reason for this study, Impact of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Lecturers’ Salary: Implication on Job Performance of Selected Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State. Two specific objectives, research questions and null hypotheses guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. From the population of 78 lecturers, census survey sampling was adopted. A four-point response options questionnaire was used for data collection, and it was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrum

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Matsuoka, Yusuke, Hiroaki Shirasawa, Uichi Hayashi, and Kazuhiro Aruga. "Annual Availability of Forest Biomass Resources for Woody Biomass Power Generation Plants from Subcompartments and Aggregated Forests in Tohoku Region of Japan." Forests 12, no. 1 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010071.

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To utilize timber and forest biomass resources for bioenergy, technically feasible and economically viable timber and forest biomass resources should be estimated accurately considering their long-term availability. This study focuses on five prefectures, namely, Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, and Yamagata, and considers trade between these prefectures. The annual availability of timber and forest biomass resources, such as small-diameter or defect stem logs, rather than logging residues in Japan was estimated as supply potential from profitable forests where expected revenues surpassed all cos

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Matsuoka, Yusuke, Hiroaki Shirasawa, Uichi Hayashi, and Kazuhiro Aruga. "Annual Availability of Forest Biomass Resources for Woody Biomass Power Generation Plants from Subcompartments and Aggregated Forests in Tohoku Region of Japan." Forests 12, no. 1 (2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010071.

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To utilize timber and forest biomass resources for bioenergy, technically feasible and economically viable timber and forest biomass resources should be estimated accurately considering their long-term availability. This study focuses on five prefectures, namely, Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, and Yamagata, and considers trade between these prefectures. The annual availability of timber and forest biomass resources, such as small-diameter or defect stem logs, rather than logging residues in Japan was estimated as supply potential from profitable forests where expected revenues surpassed all cos

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L. K. ALJanabi, N. S. Habib, and M. K. Farhan. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF SUPPORT FOR FARMERS OF THE CORN CROP IN IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2019." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 54, no. 2 (2023): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1737.

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Using the policy of price has a significant impact to developing the production of a particular crop by increasing productivity, which is eventually reflected in achieving high rates of self-sufficiency of the crops. The research objective is to identify the most important economic and social effects that will result from cancelling or reducing this subsidy Using the Cost-Benefit Analysis. The results showed that the ratio of return to cost in the case of reducing subsidies for corn farmers about 0.92%, which indicates that the one dinar invested in the cultivation of the corn under the subsid

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Ji, Ting, Shaofeng Wang, and Xiufen Liu. "A Systems Analysis of Reverse Channel Dynamics and Government Subsidies in Sustainable Remanufacturing." Systems 13, no. 7 (2025): 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13070592.

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Remanufacturing in reverse logistics can not only support sustainable development but also provide a tractable way to achieve carbon neutrality. This study evaluates whether an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) should remanufacture outsource or authorize this reverse channel activity in the presence of government subsidies. Additionally, the model considers the equilibrium acquisition quantities, collection rates, prices, and effects of government subsidy under three reverse channel options: centralizing remanufacturing, outsourcing remanufacturing, and authorization remanufacturing. The a

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Egbo E.N, Egbo E. N., Nwafor, G. O. Nwafor, G.O, Onukwube O. G. Onukwube O. G, Okechukwu B. N. Okechukwu B. N, Owolabi, T. W. Owolabi, T.W, and Adediwura O. O. Adediwura O.O. "Statistical Evaluation of the Effect of Fuel Subsidy Removal on Nigeria’s Economic Indicators." Journal of Research in Applied Mathematics 11, no. 7 (2025): 07–12. https://doi.org/10.35629/0743-11070712.

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The removal of fuel subsidies in Nigeria has long been a contentious economic and political issue, with widespread implications for macroeconomic stability. This study investigates the impact of subsidy removal on key economic indicators, namely Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP), Headline Inflation Rate (HIR), Average Exchange Rate (AER), and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), using quarterly data spanning from 2012 to 2023. Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics. The analysis employed time series techniques—including ARIMA modeling,

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Bečvářová, V. "Utilisation of subsidy in a program-directed support of agricultural loans." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 7 (2012): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5028-agricecon.

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The paper is focused on the performance measurement of the Support and Guarantee Fund for Farmers and Forestry (SGFFF) as the main instrument of capital reinforcement of Czech agricultural enterprise development. Its principles as well as the function from the point of view of agricultural enterprises, restructuring and allocation of resources and the reason why the subsidies of the supported loans&rsquo; interest rates have been employed are cleared up there. The results are discussed upon an analysis of the Fund&rsquo;s activity. According to them, it can be claimed that the Fund has

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