Academic literature on the topic 'Substance blanche cérébrale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Substance blanche cérébrale"
Paillère-Martinot, M. L., H. Lemaitre, H. Vulser, E. Artiges, R. Miranda, and J. L. Martinot. "Vulnérabilité aux troubles de l’humeur à l’adolescence." European Psychiatry 28, S2 (November 2013): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2013.09.157.
Full textDuron, E., A. Alami, R. Pequignot, A. M. Bonnet, A. S. Rigaud, and O. H. Hanon. "Relations entre troubles cognitifs et lésions de la substance blanche cérébrale." La Revue de Médecine Interne 28 (June 2007): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2007.03.111.
Full textGuillot, Mireille, Vann Chau, and Brigitte Lemyre. "L’imagerie cérébrale systématique du nouveau-né prématuré." Paediatrics & Child Health 25, no. 4 (May 30, 2020): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa030.
Full textMarinier, D. Sappey, A. Briguet, and J. Delmau. "Perspectives d'emploi de la RMN pour l'étude biochimique de la substance blanche cérébrale." Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie 93, no. 5 (January 1985): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13813458509080633.
Full textChatellier, G. "Diagnostic hypertension artérielle, ischeémie cérébrale et maladie de la substance blanche: Aspects cliniques." La Revue de Médecine Interne 9 (February 1988): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(88)80165-6.
Full textDietemann, J. L. "Imagerie hypertension artérielle, ischémie cérébrale et maladie de la substance blanche: Aspects neuroradiologiques." La Revue de Médecine Interne 9 (February 1988): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0248-8663(88)80166-8.
Full textHusson, B. "Anomalies de signal en IRM de la substance blanche cérébrale chez l'enfant. Interprétation et diagnostic." EMC - Radiologie et imagerie médicale - Musculosquelettique - Neurologique - Maxillofaciale 1, no. 3 (January 2006): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1879-8551(06)70780-1.
Full textCottier, J. P., L. Barantin, C. Destrieux, R. Wang, F. Domengie, D. Herbreteau, and E. Halgren. "Imagerie cérébrale en tenseur de diffusion et tractographie de la substance blanche : principes et limites actuelles." Feuillets de Radiologie 45, no. 3 (June 2005): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0181-9801(05)80586-x.
Full textZhong, W. J., D. J. Guo, J. N. Zhao, W. B. Xie, W. J. Chen, and W. Wu. "Modifications de la diffusivité axiale et radiale de la substance blanche cérébrale dues au vieillissement normal." Journal de Radiologie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle 93, no. 1 (January 2012): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradio.2011.02.027.
Full textBoog, G. "L’atteinte de la substance blanche cérébrale des prématurés est généralement en relation avec une infection et rarement avec une acidose métabolique." Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction 34, no. 4 (June 2005): 410–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0368-2315(05)82844-3.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Substance blanche cérébrale"
Koob, Mériam. "Etude de la substance blanche cérébrale de l'enfant par imagerie en tenseur de diffusion." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAD005.
Full textDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a diffusion-weighted imaging application that allows water motion quantification in any direction. This technique determines brain fiber direction in each voxel, and reconstructs indirectly white matter fibers tracts in 3D with tractography. Scalar DTI parameters, such as fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), provide a quantitative analysis of brain microstructure. DTI applications are numerous, especially in the study of brain development and white matter pathologies.First, we studied DTI in the fetus. For this, we implemented a processing method for fetal DTI images, and compiled it in a software, Baby brain Toolkit (BTK) (https://github.com/rousseau/fbrain). BTK was validated on normal cases, and then applied to a brain malformation model. We also studied a case of cytomegalovirus infection with DTI.We then investigated the utility of scalar DTI parameters in a rare leukodystrophy, Cockayne syndrome. DTI allows to diagnose Cockayne syndrome, to distinguish between clinical subtypes, and to understand its pathophysiology. We showed that Cockayne syndrome was a primitive hypomyelinating disorder, followed by a low grade secondary demyelination
Poupon, Cyril. "Détection des faisceaux de fibres de la substance blanche pour l'étude de la connectivité anatomique cérébrale." Paris, ENST, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENST0026.
Full textSappey-Marinier, Dominique. "Spectroscopie par résomance magnétique nucléaire des lipides de la substance blanche cérébrale normale et pathologique : sclérose en plaques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10114.
Full textZemmoura, Ilyess. "Reconstruction des fibres blanches cérébrales à partir de la dissection et recalage dans l'IRM post-mortem : pour la comparaison à la tractographie cérébrale par IRM de diffusion." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3305/document.
Full textThe knowledge of the morphology of white matter fiber tracts, which connect distant cerebral areas, is essential to better understand brain functions. Diffusion MR tractography indirectly reconstructs this anatomy using complex mathematical algorithms. After a review of the existing methods for tractography validation, we propose an original method based on 3D reconstruction of dissected tracts. Our method, FIBRASCAN, used iterative surface acquisitions during dissection. The tracts were segmented on each surface and then reconstructed by stacking these surfaces. A rigid support allowed registration between surfaces and then registration to MRI. We demonstrated the accuracy of each reconstructing step, and the feasibility of our method on several tracts. In the last part of this work, the structure of white matter fibers and the changes induced by preparation and dissection were investigated using electron microscopy. We showed that dissection preserves the structure of axons and can thus be considered as a validation tool for tractography
Bihel, Ebeline. "Evolution de la lésion cérébrale et des déficits fonctionnels chez le marmouset soumis à une ischémie cérébrale focale : étude pendant la phase aigüe, subaigüe et chronique." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN3118.
Full textThe failure of stroke therapies in human clinical trials has been attributed, at least in part, to the inadequacy of animal models of stroke. Several recent reports emanating from committees of experts have called for the use of models in which pertinent animal species and approaches are employed. In this context, we have developed a new stroke model in a non-human primate, the marmoset, using an intravascular approach to occlude, permanently or transiently, the middle cerebral artery. The analysis of the acute, subacute, and chronic evolution of cerebral damage with pertinent imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging and positions emission tomography) has shown a close evolution of cerebral damage between the Human and the marmoset, and the presence of secondary damage, like diaschisis, and discrete chronic white matter alterations. Functional deficits evaluations, through the use of a battery of behavioural tests, have shown long lasting sensorimotors deficits, which could be correlated with the severity of diaschisis and white matter alterations. Thus we have demonstrated the relevance of this marmoset’s stroke model for therapeutic evaluations and the investigation of the mechanisms implicated in the persistence of the functional deficits
Lecrux, Clotilde. "Etude de la vulnérabilité à différents types de lésions cérébrales chez le rat spontanément hypertendu : implication de mécanismes non vasculaires." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2073.
Full textA considerable number of studies on stroke pathophysiology have been completed at both the level of experimental research – with animal models – and clinical research – during clinical trial in human. However, neuroprotective treatments tested during clinical trials failed to show any beneficial effect, and the only treatment currently available is the thrombolytic approach. Our project aimed to participle to improve animal models of cerebral ischemia by including the factors commonly present in human patients. The first is chronic arterial hypertension, which is the main risk and aggravating factor in cerebral ischemia. We demonstrate that spontaneously hypertensive rats display exacerbated brain lesions following both a cerebral ischaemia and an excitotoxic insult. Our data show a specific vulnerability of the strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats, independently from the level of blood pressure. Furthermore, we provide evidence of a specific vulnerability to AMPA receptors stimulation in these rats. The second factor we studied is the lesion of the white matter. We have developed a model of internal capsule lesion in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. This model has been characterised by the quantification of lesion volume – through the use of magnetic resonance imaging and histological staining – and by the measurement of behavioural deficits – through the use of behavioural tests. These approaches intend to a better characterization of animal models of cerebral ischemia, which remain a essential step to develop a beneficial treatment for stroke
Duriez, Quentin. "Tabagisme et atrophie cérébrale chez le sujet âgé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0280/document.
Full textThe increase in life expectancy seen during the XXth century, followed by an increase in theproportion of elderly, placed the study of brain aging and of its accompanying diseases in thespotlight. This thesis had for goal the study and quantification of the impact of tobaccoconsumption on brain morphological aging in a large cohort of elderly subjects from the Three CitiesStudy. We focused to evaluate and compare its impact, in comparison with other factors known toinfluence brain aging, in longitudinals and cross-sectionals studies. We show that tobacco smokinghas an effect, mainly global, more important than the others cardiovascular risk factors included inthis study and as important as the effect of age. Also, we have found that this effect stops with theconsumption, showing that prevention among the elderly population might be of major interest forsociety. Moreover, analysis have been conducted in men and women separately, allowing us to finddifferential effects of tobacco consumption on the brain morphological aging in the two sexes
Lima, Maldonado Igor. "Vers une anatomie fonctionnelle de la substance blanche cérébrale chez l'homme : Étude par dissection de fibres et électrostimulation des voies du langage." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20137/document.
Full textThe knowledge of the form and function of fiber pathways supports the modeling of cognitive networks, the development of neurosurgical approaches and the interpretation of neuroimaging. We used a hybrid anatomical and neurophysiological methodology whose main objective was to characterize the subunits of the complex comprised of the Superior Longitudinal and the Arcuate Fasciculus (SLF/AF) as well as their participation in the articulatory, phonological and semantic language functions. Sixty-eight cerebral hemispheres were prepared using a variant of the fiber dissection technique known as the Klingler's method. In parallel, we studied the electrical functional maps of fourteen patients operated on using a sleep-awake-sleep technique for brain tumors of the temporo-parietal junction in the dominant hemisphere. Based on our laboratory and neuroimaging findings, as well as on the available literature, we conducted a correlation of clinical manifestations caused by the electrical stimulation and the topography of the association bundles. The anatomical preparations allowed us to detail the three-dimensional organization of hemispheric white matter, to perform the first description of the Middle Longitudinal Fasciculus using fiber dissection, and to characterize three of the four components of the SLF: the major, the ventral and the arcuate. The existence of a dorsal component along the superior edge of the hemisphere was not confirmed by our findings, a hypothesis in the literature that was based on the anatomy of the nonhuman primate and on previous studies on neuroimaging. The functional anatomy of the inferior parietal lobule was revisited as well as the pathways of white matter in its depth. The inter-individual variability in the distribution of eloquent areas was evident, especially for language. These areas were used to delineate the tumor resection, namely: the primary sensory cortex, anteriorly; the Wernicke's area, inferiorly and laterally, and the white matter pathways from the SLF/AF in the white matter. At this level, the observation of the clinical manifestations in connection with the electrical disturbance caused by the cerebral stimulation allowed us to conclude that the ventral opercular component of the SLF has a role in the articulatory function and the deeper arcuate component is involved in the phonological function. The functional mapping does not provide any argument for a participation of this association complex in the treatment of semantics, an assumption in the literature that was based only on neuroimaging. These findings may have important implications, both in clinical practice and in fundamental research, including for modeling the neural basis of language
Mortamais, Marion. "Facteurs influençant les relations entre les hypersignaux de la substance blanche cérébrale et le risque de troubles cognitifs et de démence chez les sujets âgés." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T009/document.
Full textCerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH), detected in vivo with MRI, are commonly used to assess cerebrovascular burden in cognitive impairment. However, the association between WMH and cognition is not consistent the across literature. In our longitudinal population-based study of 660 subjects aged 65 years and over with a brain MRI at baseline (ESPRIT Study), we aimed to identify factors that may modulate the effects of WMH on cognition. During the 10-year follow-up period, we observed that the association between WMH and cognitive impairment became weaker with advancing age, was only observed when the relationship was examined in low-educated individuals, and in patients with a specific spatial distribution of WMH, defined by a severe total WMH load with a high proportion of hyperintensities in the temporal lobe. These results suggest that there is a particular population (younger, less educated and with a specific distribution of WMH) in which the effects of WMH are more severe and/ or more easily detectable. In future studies using WMH as a marker of vascular burden in cognition, this particular population should be specifically considered
Renard, Félix. "Création et utilisation d'atlas en IRM de diffusion : application à l'étude des troubles de la conscience." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/RENARD_Felix_2011.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the creation of an atlas for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). For the first time, diffusion MRI allows to characterize the underlying neuronal structures. The development of medical imaging leads to more and more important data, for more and more persons. This atlas allow to model this new, important quantity of information, taking into account the inter-individual variability existing in a population. The help of diagnostic is more efficient, with the implicit knowledge of a large database of reference images. The dMRI modality delivers complex signals permitting to study the brain at different scales, from the voxel to the whole brain. Due to the complexity of this kind of imaging, it has been necessary to develop some statistical tools, based on the atlas, permitting to quantify pathological phenomena, and to differentiate them from normal phenomena. The aim of this thesis is the creation of probabilistic atlas for a general case, and the application of the dMRI for persons who have consciousness impairment. More precisely, the conception of this atlas consists in one hand to elaborate a probabilistic model of a normal population supposed healthy, and on the other hand to identify significant statistical differences between a person with some consciousness impairment and the probabilistic atlas. The creation of this atlas permits a better understanding of the physio pathological mechanisms of the consciousness impairments
Book chapters on the topic "Substance blanche cérébrale"
Thines, L. "Anatomie cérébrale : substance blanche." In Atlas Interactif de Neuroanatomie Clinique, 39–45. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-74694-9.00004-9.
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