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Journal articles on the topic 'Surgical site infection (SSIs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Gouda, Nawal Salama. "Surgical Site Infection." Journal of Pioneering Medical Sciences 14, no. 3 (2025): 21–33. https://doi.org/10.47310/jpms2025140303.

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Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are a serious public health concern. The SSI is a common postoperative complication that can occur anywhere in the body, including the site of the incision, the surgically operated organs or tissues, or other locations where surgical instruments were placed. Along with other pathogens obtained in the community or hospital, opportunistic endogenous bacteria can cause Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) by contaminating surgical wounds or implanted medical devices. A substantial cost on patients, healthcare providers and the healthcare system overall is linked to SSIs

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Rogowska, Kinga, Aleksandra Romanowska, Aleksandra Padkowska, et al. "Surgical Site Infection (SSI)." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 82 (June 3, 2025): 60278. https://doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2025.82.60278.

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Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are a significant complication of invasive surgical procedures, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs globally. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, hygiene practices, and the implementation of infection control protocols, SSIs remain a critical issue in postoperative care. This document provides a comprehensive overview of SSIs, including their definition, causes, risk factors, and microbiology. The primary pathogens responsible for SSIs are Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, with specific concern for immunosuppressed patie

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Deekshith, R. Sai. "The Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Preventing Surgical Site Infections – A Systematic Review." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 02 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem41410.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a significant concern in healthcare, arising at or near surgical incision sites. They can develop within 30 days post-surgery or within 90 days if a prosthetic material is implanted. Clinical manifestations of SSIs include local signs of inflammation (redness, warmth, swelling, and pus) and systemic signs (fever and leucocytosis). Risk factors such as age, chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes), smoking, and obesity contribute to the increased likelihood of SSIs. SSIs are classified into three categories: superficial, deep, and organ/space infections, each with v

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Mangram, Alicia J., Teresa C. Horan, Michele L. Pearson, Leah Christine Silver, and William R. Jarvis. "Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 20, no. 4 (1999): 247–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/501620.

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The “Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999” presents the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s recommendations for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs), formerly called surgical wound infections. This two-part guideline updates and replaces previous guidelines.Part I, “Surgical Site Infection: An Overview,” describes the epidemiology, definitions, microbiology, pathogenesis, and surveillance of SSIs. Included is a detailed discussion of the pre-, intra-, and postoperative issues relevant to SSI genesis.

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Amrutham, Rajanikanth, Madhu Mohan B. Reddy, and Nagababu Pyadala. "A prospective study of surgical site infections and related risk factors in a teaching hospital." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 1 (2016): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20164448.

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Background:Surgical site infections are the most common nosocomial infection causes morbidity and mortality among inpatients of hospital. Surgical site infection (SSI) varies hospital to hospital. The present study was designed to find out the incidence and various risk factors associated with surgical site infection in the surgical wards of MNR hospital, Sangareddy, Telanagana, India.Methods: The study was carried out on 248 patients who underwent various surgeries in the General Surgery department of MNR hospital, Sangareddy, Telangana, India. A predesigned protocol was used to collect the d

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Anderson, Deverick J., Keith S. Kaye, David Classen, et al. "Strategies to Prevent Surgical Site Infections in Acute Care Hospitals." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 29, S1 (2008): S51—S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/591064.

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Previously published guidelines are available that provide comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute care hospitals to implement and prioritize their surgical site infection (SSI) prevention efforts. Refer to the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Infectious Diseases Society of America “Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections” Executive Summary and Introduction and accompanying editorial fo

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Batool, Misdaq, M. Tauseef Asad, Ijaz Ahmad, et al. "Post Operative Surgical Site Infection: A Narrative Review." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 3, no. 2 (2023): 376–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v3i2.101.

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Background: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are a critical concern in postoperative care, significantly affecting patient outcomes and healthcare resources globally. These infections arise from the proliferation of microorganisms at the site of surgical intervention and are classified into early-onset (within 30 days of surgery) and late-onset (occurring more than 30 days post-surgery). Objective: This review aims to comprehensively analyze the prevalence, risk factors, and broader impact of SSIs, with an emphasis on the disparity between high-income and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs

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Sartelli, Massimo, Francesco Cortese, Marco Scatizzi, et al. "ACOI Surgical Site Infections Management Academy (ACOISSIMA)." Il Giornale di Chirurgia - Journal of the Italian Association of Hospital Surgeons 42, no. 2 (2022): e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ia9.0000000000000002.

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most common cause of healthcare-associated infections in surgical patients. Many SSIs may be preventable if simple measures are respected. Despite evidence supporting the effectiveness of evidence-based practices in Infection Prevention and Control, many surgeons fail to implement them. Methods: To clarify the key issues in the prevention of SSIs, an expert panel designated by the board of directors of Associazione Chirurghi Ospedalieri Italiani—Italian Surgical Association (ACOI) convened in Rome, Italy, on 16 December 2021, for a consensus

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Sartelli, Massimo, Federico Coccolini, Angeloantonio Carrieri, Francesco M. Labricciosa, Enrico Cicuttin, and Fausto Catena. "The “Torment” of Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis among Surgeons." Antibiotics 10, no. 11 (2021): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111357.

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Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is one of the peri-operative measures for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs). Its goal is to counteract the proliferation of bacteria in the surgical site during intervention in order to reduce the risk of SSIs. SAP should be administered for surgical interventions where the benefit expected (prevention of SSIs) is higher compared to the risk (serious side effects, such as acute kidney injury, Clostridioides difficile infection, and the spread of antimicrobial resistance). In prescribing SAP, surgeons should have both the awareness necessary “to ha

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Hermsen, Elizabeth D., Tim Hinze, Harlan Sayles, Lee Sholtz, and Mark E. Rupp. "Incidence of Surgical Site Infection Associated with Robotic Surgery." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 31, no. 8 (2010): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/654006.

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Objective.Robot-assisted surgery is minimally invasive and associated with less blood loss and shorter recovery time than open surgery. We aimed to determine the duration of robot-assisted surgical procedures and the incidence of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) and to compare our data with the SSI incidence for open procedures according to national data.Design.Retrospective cohort study.Setting.A 689-bed academic medical center.Patients.All patients who underwent a surgical procedure with use of a robotic surgical system during the period from 2000-2007.Methods.SSIs were defined an

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Koutsari, Christina, Lia Johnson, and Julie LeBlanc. "Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis and ventricular shunt surgical site infections." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 13, Supplement_3 (2024): S13—S14. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piae088.026.

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Abstract Corresponding author: Christina Koutsari, Allina Health, Mail Route 10807, 2925 Chicago Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55407, 507-261-0362, christina.koutsari@allina.com Alternate corresponding author: Julie LeBlanc, Children’s Minnesota, 2525 Chicago Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55404, 651-270-0196, julie.leblanc@childrensmn.org Funding sources for abstract and associated work: Children’s Minnesota No conflicts of interest. Background National guidelines recommend cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis of clean neurosurgical procedures. Addition of vancomycin is recommended if there is high-risk for

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Moro, Maria Luisa, Filomena Morsillo, Marilena Tangenti, Maria Mongardi, Maria Cristina Pirazzini, and Pietro Ragni. "Rates of Surgical-Site Infection: An International Comparison." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 26, no. 5 (2005): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502565.

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AbstractObjectives:To quantify the occurrence of surgical-site infections (SSIs) in an Italian region and to estimate the proportion of potentially avoidable infections through benchmarking comparison.Design:Prospective study during 1 month based on a convenience sample of surgical patients admitted to 31 public hospitals. All of the patients undergoing an intervention included among the 44 operative procedures of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System were enrolled. Ninety-five percent of the patients were actively observed after discharge for up to 30 days for all of t

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Niyomugabo, Aloys, Madeleine Mukeshimana, Anita Collins, Felix Bongomin, and Geldine Chironda. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infections among Patients in Referral Hospitals in Rwanda." Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (2024): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v7i2.14.

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BackgroundPost-operative surgical site infections (SSIs) are a global public health problem, disproportionately affecting developing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and risk factors for SSIs among patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Rwanda.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional involving 396 medical files for surgical patients discharged between July 2020, and December 2021 to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with surgical site infections. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 25.

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Zukowska, Agnieszka, and Maciej Zukowski. "Surgical Site Infection in Cardiac Surgery." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23 (2022): 6991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11236991.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most significant complications in surgical patients and are strongly associated with poorer prognosis. Due to their aggressive character, cardiac surgical procedures carry a particular high risk of postoperative infection, with infection incidence rates ranging from a reported 3.5% and 26.8% in cardiac surgery patients. Given the specific nature of cardiac surgical procedures, sternal wound and graft harvesting site infections are the most common SSIs. Undoubtedly, DSWIs, including mediastinitis, in cardiac surgery patients remain a significant cl

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Mukesh, Chande, Vegad Kamlesh, Sheth Harsh, and Gouri Rajesh. "Assessing the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections and Their Determinants in Elective Inguinal Hernia Surgery." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 11 (2024): 873–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14250750.

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<strong>Background and Aim: </strong>Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose a considerable risk for individuals undergoing surgery. Various strategies for preventing surgical site infections (SSI) have been proposed, encompassing preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative considerations. This paper seeks to provide a thorough examination of the incidence, risk factors, microbiology, prevention strategies, and management of surgical site infections in elective inguinal hernia surgery. <strong>Material and Methods</strong>: The research included a comprehensive analysis of all elect

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Raza, Tahir, Zia ur Rehman, Jamil ur Rehman, Anwar Iqbal, Zeeshan Ehsan, and Mohammad Abid Khan. "FREQUENCY OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION POST DECORTICATION." Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation 3, no. 3 (Health & Rehabilitation) (2025): 702–8. https://doi.org/10.71000/0v5ab795.

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most frequent and preventable postoperative complications, accounting for significant morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and financial burden. Although SSIs have been extensively studied in various surgical fields, limited data are available on their incidence, causative organisms, and contributing factors following open lung decortication for empyema, especially in low-resource healthcare settings. Addressing this knowledge gap is crucial for tailoring effective infection prevention and management protocols. Objective: To determine

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Valentini, Laura G., Cecilia Casali, Liliane Chatenoud, Francesca Chiaffarino, Caterina Uberti-Foppa, and Giovanni Broggi. "SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AFTER ELECTIVE NEUROSURGERY." Neurosurgery 62, no. 1 (2008): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000311065.95496.c5.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of postsurgical site infections (SSIs) in elective neurosurgical procedures in patients treated with an ultrashort antibiotic protocol. METHODS In this consecutive series of 1747 patients treated with elective neurosurgery and ultrashort prophylactic antibiotic therapy at the Fondazione Istituto Nazionale Neurologico “Carlo Besta” in Milan, the rate of SSIs was 0.7% (13 patients). When only clean neurosurgery was considered, there were 11 such SSIs (1.52%) in 726 craniotomies and one SSI (0.15) in 663 spinal operations. The antibiot

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Noor Sardar, Amjad Ali Shah, Muhammad Uzair, Ayesha Ali Khan, and Salman Zahir. "INVESTIGATING THE POTENTIAL OF SINGLE-SHOT CO-AMOXICLAV PROPHYLAXIS FOR PREVENTING SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN." NORTHWEST JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 3, no. 3 (2024): 24–29. https://doi.org/10.69723/njms.03.03.0404.

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BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing surgery are at a significant risk of developing surgical site infections (SSIs), which can increase rates of morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. There is a chance that using antibiotics prophylactically for prophylaxis will lower SSIs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential of a single shot of co-amoxiclav as a preventive measure for preventing surgical site infections. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted between 2021 and 2023 at Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar. Examining 1190 patient data, general surgical p

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IGNA, Cornel, Daniel BUMB, Bogdan SICOE, Larisa SCHUSZLER, and Cristian ZAHA. "Retrospective Study of Infection Rate in Small Animal Surgery – of UBASMV Timișoara (2007-2017)." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 75, no. 2 (2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2018.0037.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain an important concern in veterinary practice. The purpose of this work was to determine the SSIs rate in the Surgery Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Timișoara and to correlate SSIs incidence with surgical wound classification by degree of contamination and with the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis and / or applied therapy. Records of all animals operated on between 2007 and 2017 were closely checked for development of postoperative wound infection and were reviewed. The rate of surgical site infection was 0.77%, and by categories was 0.70% in

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Ziogou, Afroditi, and Ioannis Kokolakis. "Post caesarian section surgical site infections. Review of current literature." Hellenic Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 22, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33574/hjog.0518.

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Caesarean delivery rates have increased globally during the past three decades. Caesarean delivery is the most important obstetrical procedure performed with complications that consist of postpartum hemorrhage, endometritis, thromboembolic events or incision infections. While surgical site infections (SSIs) complicate 1.9% of all surgeries performed, the incidence of SSIs after caesarean delivery is significantly higher, almost 7-10%, constituting an important cause of increased morbidity, mortality, readmission, prolonged hospitalization and increased health care costs worldwide. Incisional i

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Dr. Siva Hamsini S, Dr. Saravanan PS, Dr. Aravind P. "Cross-Sectional Study of Surgical Site Infectionsin Patients with Varying Body Mass Indices." Cuestiones de Fisioterapia 54, no. 4 (2025): 1113–19. https://doi.org/10.48047/35k3ey05.

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Background: Surgical site infections can severely affect patient outcomes and healthcare costs.Extreme underweight and obesity increase the incidence of Surgical Site Infections(SSIs), henceBMI (Body Mass indices) is a surgical risk factor. This study will examine surgical site infection patients with different BMIs.

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Muhammad Adam, Muhammad Adam, and Muhammad Rizky Muhammad Rizky. "Prevalence of Deep Surgical Site Infection After Repair of Periarticular Knee Fractures." Indonesian Journal of General Medicine 2, no. 6 (2024): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.70070/64cmsg66.

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Background: The prevalence of deep surgical site infections (SSIs) following the repair of periarticular knee fractures is a critical area of investigation within orthopedic surgery, as it significantly impacts patient outcomes and healthcare costs. The literature surrounding this topic reveals a complex interplay of risk factors and outcomes associated with SSIs, as well as varying rates of infection depending on the type of fracture. Literature Review: The investigation into the prevalence of deep surgical site infections (SSIs) following the repair of periarticular knee fractures reveals si

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Blanca, Isela Martínez Montoya, and Nataly Zapata Farfán Josselyn. "Predisposing Factors for Developing Surgical Site Infections." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies 03, no. 09 (2023): 1992–94. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8369114.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs) continue to be a significant concern in surgical practice. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, complications, and management of SSIs. A deep understanding of these predisposing factors is crucial for healthcare providers to implement effective preventive measures and minimize the impact of SSIs on patient outcomes

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Raza, Mohsin, Muhammad Adnan Hafeez, Shafqat Abbas, Muhammad Umair Hameed, and Muhammad Awais. "RISK FACTORS OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION IN ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS FOLLOWING LOWER LIMB SURGERY." Kashf Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 2, no. 01 (2025): 156–63. https://doi.org/10.71146/kjmr242.

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are serious complications in orthopedic surgeries, particularly those involving implants. These infections can significantly increase patient morbidity, prolong hospital stays, and add substantial costs to healthcare systems. Identifying and addressing the multifactorial risk factors for SSIs is essential for improving surgical outcomes and enhancing infection prevention strategies. Objective: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with SSIs in orthopedic implants following lower limb surgeries and to propose actionable strategies f

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Muzamil Khan, Dr. Hasnain Javed, and Imad Ud Din Khan. "Incidence of Surgical Site Infections and Associated Risk Factors in General/Surgical Wards in Peshawar." Physical Education, Health and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2025): 288–302. https://doi.org/10.63163/jpehss.v3i2.274.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major cause of postoperative complications, leading to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. This study examines multiple risk factors contributing to SSIs, including patient demographics, surgical history, postoperative care, infection indicators, healthcare provider practices, antibiotic resistance patterns, environmental influences, surgical team compliance, and nutritional status. A total of 138 patients undergoing various surgical procedures were analyzed. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, typ

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Li, Jeremy, Myrna Dyck, Natalie Gibson, Molly Blake, Elly Trepman, and John M. Embil. "Intraocular surgical site infection surveillance in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada." Journal of Infection Prevention 26, no. 4 (2025): 181–84. https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774251350783.

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Surveillance for surgical site infections (SSIs) after intraocular surgery may enable the detection of outbreaks and reveal opportunities for quality improvement. The reported incidence of SSIs after intraocular surgery varies widely, and there are no benchmark studies for SSI surveillance based on surveillance case definitions. We performed surveillance for SSIs after intraocular surgery at a regional ophthalmology surgical center in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, from April 2014 to March 2023. Intraocular infection was defined according to the United States Centers for Disease Control and Preve

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Beltramini, Amanda M., Robert A. Salata, and Amy J. Ray. "Thermoregulation and Risk of Surgical Site Infection." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 6 (2011): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660017.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs) occur in approximately 2%–5% of patients undergoing surgery in the acute care setting in the United States. These infections result in increased length of stay, higher risk of death, and increased cost of care compared with that in uninfected surgical patients. Given the inclusion of maintenance of perioperative normothermia for all major surgeries as a means of lowering the risk of infection in the Surgical Care Improvement Project 2009, we prepared a summary of the literature to determine the strength and quantity of the evidence underlying the performance mea

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Ellison, Jennifer, Control, David Chakravorty, et al. "Reporting Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) Using Different Surveillance Systems— Complexity of Infection Matters." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (2020): s372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1001.

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Background: In Alberta, Canada, surgical site infections (SSIs) following total hip (THR) and knee replacements (TKR) are reported using 2 data sources: infection prevention and control (IPC), which surveys all THR and TKR using NHSN definitions and the Canadian International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10-CA) codes, and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), which uses a systematic sampling process that involves an 8-day cycle schedule, modified NHSN definitions and current procedural terminology (CPT) codes. We compared the similarities and discrepancie

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Bokhari, S. Aliza Z., M. Irfan Fazal, Maha Naseem, et al. "Incidence of Surgical Site Infection among Post C Section Women Presented in Surgical Emergency of tertiary care hospital." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (2021): 1836–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211581836.

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Aim: To rule out incidence and risk factors that are associated with infection at site of surgery after cesarean section. Method: A type of retrospective study was conducted on 100 women who underwent cesarean delivery procedures within a period of 8 month from September 2020 to April 2021 and presented in surgical emergency at Mayo Hospital Lahore. The socioeconomic, demographic and clinical parameters of patients were collected by a questionnaire form. A program known as SPSS version 20 was used for analysis of data that is collected in study. Result: After analyzing the data following facto

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Brunner, Stefanie, Julie Liesenberg, Laura Fourie, et al. "Implementation of a Bundle of Care in Colorectal Surgery to Reduce Surgical Site Infections Successfully at Cantonal Hospital Lucerne: Study Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study." International Journal of Surgery: Protocols 25, no. 1 (2021): 220, 226. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5603366.

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a relevant problem in colorectal surgery. The aim of this study is to implement a bundle of care in order to reduce SSIs in colorectal surgery. Methods: All patients undergoing colorectal surgery between October 2018 and December 2021 will be included in a prospective observational study. Since our colorectal bundle has been established gradually, patients will be grouped in a preimplementation (2018–2019), implementation (2019–2020) and post implementation phase (2021), in order to assess the effectiveness of the actions undertake

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Bhargava, Ashish, Madiha Salim, Harsha V. Banavasi, et al. "Surgical Site Infections Following Birmingham Hip Resurfacing." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 37, no. 11 (2016): 1383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.172.

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The Birmingham Hip Resurfacing procedure (BHR) is metal-on-metal resurfacing procedure for hip arthritis. BHR was associated with low risk of surgical site infection (SSI; 0.6%). In addition to antimicrobials, superficial SSIs were treated with incision and drainage, whereas deep incisional or organ-space SSIs required removal of prosthesis.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–4

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Wajid, Naila Gul, Hakeemullah Khan, et al. "Comparison of Surgical Site Infection in Diabetic vs. non-diabetic Patients Operated Electively in the Surgical Unit of MTI-Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar." Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 1 (2025): 18–21. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v6i1.1507.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major cause of postoperative morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. Patients with diabetes mellitus are at a higher risk of developing SSIs due to impaired immune responses and delayed wound healing. Understanding the impact of diabetes on SSIs in elective surgeries is crucial for improving perioperative care and patient outcomes. Objective: To compare the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) between diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing elective surgeries in a surgical unit and to evaluate associated factors i

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Koetje, Jan H., Karsten D. Ottink, Iris Feenstra, and Wilbert M. Fritschy. "Negative Pressure Incision Management System in the Prevention of Groin Wound Infection in Vascular Surgery Patients." Surgery Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/303560.

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Objectives. Groin wounds following vascular surgery are highly susceptible to healing disturbances, with reported site infections reaching 30%. Negative pressure incision management systems (NPIMS) are believed to positively influence the prevention of surgical wound-healing disturbances (WHD) and surgical site infections (SSI). NPIMS placed directly after closure of the surgical wound is thought to result in fewer infections; we analysed its effect on postoperative wound infections in patients after vascular surgery via the groin.Methods. From May 2012 to March 2013 we included 90 surgical pa

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Dhivyaprasath, P., Abi Monika A P, and Monika A P. "A Role of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Preventing Surgical Site Infection: Current Practice and Future Direction." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, no. 12 (2023): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20231235.

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A surgical site infection (SSI) occurs within 30 days after surgery. SSIs can present as deep infections affecting the muscle and fascia or superficial infections. Every year, between 160,000 and 300,000 people are diagnosed with surgical site infections. SSI causes a significant burden on healthcare systems. One of the most important strategies to avoid SSIs is antibiotic prophylaxis. The level of incidence of SSI that has persisted for several decades in spite of advances in prophylactic antibiotic therapy and preoperative bacterial decolonization. There is no doubt that rigorous adherence t

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Alpana, Singh, and Kumar Ajay. "A Prospective Analysis of the Risk Factors for Surgical Site Wound Infection and Related Complications." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 13, no. 12 (2023): 280–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10993030.

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<strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and associated comorbidities which influence the surgical site wound infection. <strong>Material & Methods: </strong>A prospective study was conducted in Department of Microbiology. Total 200 patients operated for general surgical procedures in between the periods of 12 months were included for the present study. <strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rate of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) increased with age, ranging from 22.50% in the 18-29 age group to 35% in those aged 60 and above.

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Natori, Yoichiro, Salma Albahrani, Mohammed Alabdulla, et al. "Risk factors for surgical site infection after kidney and pancreas transplantation." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 39, no. 9 (2018): 1042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.148.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in a cohort of pancreas transplant recipients and assess predisposing risk factors for SSIDesignRetrospective cohort studySettingSingle transplant center in CanadaPatientsPatients who underwent any simultaneous pancreas and kidney (SPK) or pancreas after kidney (PAK) transplant procedures between January 2000 and December 2015MethodsIn this retrospective cohort evaluation of SPK or PAK recipients, we assessed the incidence of SSI and risk factors associated with superficial, deep, and organ/space SSI. Multivariate logi

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Dr., Mukarram Mustajab, Saddam Hussain Dr., Muhammad Ali Dr., et al. "Outcome of Surgical Site Infection Following Inguinal Hernia Closure." Outcome of Surgical Site Infection Following Inguinal Hernia Closure 8, no. 10 (2023): 4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10075187.

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Objective: This study's goal is to look into how inguinal hernia surgery patients respond to surgical site infections (SSIs). The purpose of the study is to examine the association between the prevalence of SSIs and demographic factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), habitation type (urban/rural), presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, degree of education, length of hospital stay, and length of surgery. Methods: Patients who underwent inguinal hernia closure surgeries were included in this retrospective analysis, which was carried out in a medical facility. A patient's demographic

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Schreiber, Peter W., Linard D. Hoessly, Katia Boggian, et al. "Surgical Site Infections, Risk Factors, and Outcomes After Liver Transplant." JAMA Network Open 8, no. 3 (2025): e251333. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.1333.

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ImportanceSurgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common health care–associated infections. Surgical site infections can have harmful effects in liver transplant (LT) recipients.ObjectiveTo assess the incidence of SSI after LT and identify risk factors associated with SSIs and whether SSIs are associated with death and graft loss.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA multicenter cohort study encompassing data on LT performed at all Swiss transplant centers between May 1, 2008, and September 30, 2020, was conducted. Data analyses were performed in 2023.ExposureLiver transplant.Main Out

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Kumar, Dr Tarun, Dr Mehul Agrawal, Dr Pragyey Nawlakhe, Dr Pooja Pawar, Dr J. L. Marko, and Dr Deepak Kumar Patel. "Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in General Surgery: Evaluating Practice Patterns and Surgical Site Infection Outcomes." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 11, no. 9s (2025): 976–83. https://doi.org/10.64252/egfse160.

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Surgical site infections (SSIs) are defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as infections that arise within 30 days following a surgical procedure [16]. Based on the extent of contamination, surgical wounds are classified as clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, or dirty [3]. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), SSIs represent the most common form of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), affecting nearly 10% of surgical patients. Although SSIs are the leading cause of HAIs in surgical wards, they rank as the second most common HAI overall, accounting for a

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Göksever Çelik, Hale, Engin Çelik, Gökçe Turan, Kerem Doğa Seçkin, and Ali Gedikbaşı. "Risk factors for surgical site infection after hysterectomy." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 11, no. 04 (2017): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.9053.

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Introduction: The aim of the study was to define the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients who had surgical site infection (SSI) after hysterectomy. Methodology: This study was a retrospective cohort study. The patient data of 840 subjects who had undergone any type of hysterectomy and reported SSI after surgery were obtained from the archives of a tertiary referral center. The different types of hysterectomy procedures performed on these patients included total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH), and vaginal hysterectomy (VH). In addition, age, body mas

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Hollenbeak, Christopher S., Melissa M. Boltz, Lucas E. Nikkel, Eric Schaefer, Gail Ortenzi, and Peter W. Dillon. "Electronic Measures of Surgical Site Infection: Implications for Estimating Risks and Costs." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 8 (2011): 784–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/660870.

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Objective.Electronic measures of surgical site infections (SSIs) are being used more frequently in place of labor-intensive measures. This study compares performance characteristics of 2 electronic measures of SSIs with a clinical measure and studies the implications of using electronic measures to estimate risk factors and costs of SSIs among surgery patients.Methods.Data included 1,066 general and vascular surgery patients at a single academic center between 2007 and 2008. Clinical data were from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database, which includes a nurse-deriv

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Abdullah, Sami Dahlawi*. "INCIDENCE OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION AFTER SURGERY IN SAUDI ARABIA." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 06, no. 01 (2019): 1094–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2541071.

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<strong><em>Objectives:</em></strong><em> Surgical site infections (SSIs) have a significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and health‑care expenditures. Therefore, the aims of the current study were to examine the incidence of SSI among patients who had foot and ankle surgery in Saudi Arabia and to identify predictors of SSIs. </em> <strong><em>Methods:</em></strong><em> This is a retrospective cohort study. This is a consecutive study of patients underwent foot and ankle surgery between 2015 and 2018. The association between variables and infection status was analyzed using a logistic regre

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Ullah, Aizaz, Ayesha Gul, Hira Chishti, et al. "Addressing Knowledge Gaps on Surgical Site Infections: A Multi-Center Study in District Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research 4, no. 2 (2024): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.61919/jhrr.v4i2.945.

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) pose significant global health challenges, increasing mortality and healthcare costs. Effective prevention of SSIs is imperative for ensuring patient safety and maintaining high-quality surgical care standards. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge levels of SSIs and associated wound infection risks among surgical staff in district hospitals throughout Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods: A comprehensive 20-item multiple-choice questionnaire was developed collaboratively with certified surgeons and based on extensive literature review. The survey as

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Saba Talib, Saleem Naseer, Nasreen Naseer, and Zainab Nasrullah. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections in Tertiary Care Hospital of Lahore." Social Science Review Archives 3, no. 1 (2025): 2266–93. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.538.

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Background: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Services Hospital, Lahore, over three months to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of surgical site infections (SSIs) among healthcare staff, including registered nurses, doctors, and allied health professionals. A purposive sampling technique was used to gather data from 180 participants. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of surgical site infections (SSIs) among patients undergoing surgical procedures in a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. This research aims to identify and a

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Meoli, Aniello, Lorenzo Ciavola, Sofia Rahman, et al. "Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Neonates and Children: Non-Pharmacological Measures of Prevention." Antibiotics 11, no. 7 (2022): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070863.

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A surgical site infection (SSI) is an infection that occurs in the incision created by an invasive surgical procedure. Although most infections are treatable with antibiotics, SSIs remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after surgery and have a significant economic impact on health systems. Preventive measures are essential to decrease the incidence of SSIs and antibiotic abuse, but data in the literature regarding risk factors for SSIs in the pediatric age group are scarce, and current guidelines for the prevention of the risk of developing SSIs are mainly focused on the adult

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Bhishm, Pitamah, Priya Tanu, Kumar Vishwjeet, and Dutta Verma Pranava. "Trends in Surgical Site Infections Following Elective General Surgeries: A Retrospective Cross - Sectional Analysis." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 9 (2024): 1038–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13910282.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Surgical site infections (SSIs) afflict elective general surgeries, affecting healthcare costs and patient outcomes. SSIs are classified by their depth and impact on nearby tissues and organs. Many factors can affect surgical site infection frequency and categorization, including surgical technique, patient health, and infection control. This study examines SSI patterns after elective general surgeries at Nalanda Medical College & Hospital in Patna, Bihar. The goal is to identify what causes these infections and how well infection control strategies worked

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Kivunja, Stephen. "Surgical site infections in neurosurgical patients following cranial surgery: An integrative review." Australasian Journal of Neuroscience 33, no. 2 (2023): 38–57. https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2023-015.

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Abstract Aim To synthesise the literature pertaining to surgical site infections (SSIs) in neurosurgical patients following cranial surgery. Background SSIs in neurosurgical patients following cranial surgery present a major healthcare problem for healthcare providers worldwide. The most widely reported outcomes following SSIs include increased length of inpatient stay, morbidity, mortality, higher treatment costs and increased care burden for families and caregivers. Design Integrative review. Methods Using an integrative review framework, electronic database searches were conducted in CINAHL

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Aimaq, Rahim, Gabriel Akopian, and Howard S. Kaufman. "Surgical Site Infection Rates in Laparoscopic Versus Open Colorectal Surgery." American Surgeon 77, no. 10 (2011): 1290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107701003.

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The purpose of this study was to use the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database to evaluate the incidence of postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) between laparoscopic (LAP) and open colorectal surgery. The 2008 ACS-NSQIP Participant Use File was queried by Current Procedural Terminology codes for colorectal surgery cases. SSI rates were compared between groups using Pearson chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the LAP approach and/or SSIs. A to

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Erciyestepe, Sezgi Gullu, Ahmet Birtan Boran, Merve Sezer Yildirim, and Mert Erciyestepe. "Is it possible to predict Surgical Site Infection?" Malawi Medical Journal 35, no. 3 (2023): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v35i3.9.

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IntroductionSurgical site infection (SSI) is a widely seen postoperative complication that causes a decrease in life quality and an economic burden. In this study, we aim to find the predictive values of preoperative and postoperative neutrophile lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values for SSI.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 698 patients who had total abdominal hysterectomy operations with benign indications and confirmed histopathological results were accessed. In this study, the correlation of preoperative NLR, preoperative PLR, postoperative NLR, and postoperat

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Khan, Omar Ashfaq, Adeel-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Ahmed Aftab, et al. "SURVEILLANCE STUDY – SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS AS A PUBLIC HEALTH INDICATOR: PREVENTION AND MONITORING." Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation 3, no. 3 (Health & Allied) (2025): 438–44. https://doi.org/10.71000/xg5b0n58.

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a major contributor to postoperative morbidity and healthcare burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. As preventable complications, SSIs also serve as critical indicators of surgical safety and infection control standards. Objective: To monitor and evaluate the incidence, prevention practices, and temporal trends of surgical site infections through a prospective active surveillance approach in tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted over 12 months across three urban tertiary care h

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