Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Syndrome de détresse respiratoire – Prévention'
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Maggiore, Salvatore Maurizio. "Le dérecrutement alvéolaire au cours du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈ : mécanismes physiopathologiques et prévention." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002111190204611&vid=upec.
Full textIntroduction. The acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by alveolar instability and tendency for derecruitment. Aims. To study the influence of ventilatory settings and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures on derecruitment, and its prevention. Interventions. 1) Reduced tidal volume (Vt) ; 2) decreasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ; 3 ) endotracheal suctioning ; 4) fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Results. 1)Vt reduction induces a derecruitment, prenvented by PEEP. 2) Alveolar closure is a continuous process, starting at high pressures. 3) Endotracheal suctioning induces a massive derecruitment, prevented by recruitment maneuvers during the procedure. 4) Fiberoptic bronchoscopy induces oxygenation disturbances, prevented by the application of continuous airway pressure during the procedure. Conclusions. Alveolar derecruitment is influenced by ventilatory settings and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and may be prevented by PEEP and recruitment maneuvers during such procedures
Schortgen, Frédérique. "Prévention de l’insuffisance rénale aiguë ischémique chez le patient ventilé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0102/document.
Full textCritically ill patients needing mechanical ventilation are particularly exposed to ischemic renal injury leading for acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence is associated and poor outcome. The aim of this work was to optimize AKI prevention. We evaluated protective measures for renal oxygen delivery on one hand and the performance of usual tools for the detection and characterization of renal injury on the other hand.The main measure in preventing AKI is the correction and the preservation of blood volume; fluid resuscitation is, however, associated with an increased risk of pulmonary oedema. Our results show that renal outcome depends on the type of fluid used with an increased risk of AKI using hydroxyethylstarches and/or hyper-oncotic colloids while pulmonary function is not influenced by the type of fluids used but depends on the volume infused. Pulmonary worsening seems to occure for a lower volume of colloids than crystalloids, probably because of a higher efficiency to increase intravascular volume.In addition to the restoration of renal perfusion, arterial oxygenation is a potential determinant of renal oxygenation. Because the use of a low FiO2 level is recommended to avoid oxygen related pulmonary lesions, we assessed the renal response to a moderate hypoxemia, usually applied in patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Two hours of mechanical ventilation with a SaO2 between 88% and 92% induces renal diuretic and vascular response identified by Doppler. This response is independent from ventilator and hemodynamic changes. Renal response is rapidly reversible with the correction of hypoxemia. In addition to the ability in detecting changes of intra-renal vascular resistances, we found that Doppler resistive index is helpful in predicting the persistence of AKI, better than most of the usual urinary indices.Our works allow a better approach of the intricate mechanisms in preventing renal and pulmonary functions. Fluid resuscitation can be optimized preferring hypo-oncotic fluids for reducing AKI incidence without apparent negative impact on pulmonary function. Renal response to a moderate hypoxemia suggests that arterial oxygen preservation might be essential for renal function preservation. Renal Doppler is a promising tool for the selection and the evaluation of AKI preventive measures
Roberge, Stéphanie. "Le rôle du sexe foetal dans la réponse aux glucocorticoïdes anténataux en prévention du syndrome de détresse respiratoire: Méta-analyse et revue systématique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26927/26927.pdf.
Full textRoberge, Stéphanie. "Le rôle du sexe fœtal dans la réponse aux glucocorticoïdes anténataux en prévention du syndrome de détresse respiratoire : méta-analyse et revue systématique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22000.
Full textSchortgen, Frédérique, and Frédérique Schortgen. "Prévention de l'insuffisance rénale aiguë ischémique chez le patient ventilé." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734347.
Full textMonsel, Antoine. "Inflammation aiguë pulmonaire en réanimation : développement d'axes diagnostiques, préventifs et de thérapies immunomodulatrices." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066248/document.
Full textPneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are two facets of severe acute lunginflammation, often met in intensive care unit (ICU). Rapid diagnosis of pneumonia remains essential inorder to optimize their management. We worked on setting up a quick test diagnosis based on theintensity of alveolar neutrophils autofluorescence. The validation of this test in a multicenter cohort isunderway. Preventing microaspiration across the cuff remains a priority to prevent pneumonia inmechanically ventilated patients. Based on the results of an ex vivo study followed by a clinicalrandomized trial, we showed that tapered-cuff endotracheal tube prevented microaspiration in the exvivo model, without lowering intraoperative microaspirations and postoperative pneumonia rate aftermajor vascular surgery. Both studies yielded similar results concerning the higher variation of cuffpressureover time, which leads to the question of their safety of use in terms of potential resultingtracheal wall ischemia.Pneumonia represents 80% of the cause of ARDS, which can be viewed as lung uncontrolledinflammatory response. Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is a growing field ofresearch in ARDS therapy. Despite numerous beneficial effects in ARDS, their capacity of self-renewalpoints them out as a potential cancer inducer in the mid-long term. In this context, evaluating thetherapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles-released from MSC (EV-MSC) represents a novel approach.We showed therapeutic effects of EC-CSM in two murine model of ARDS induced by endotoxin or liveEscherichia coli bacteria, and in another ex vivo human lung preparation.We then focused our research on temporal and compartmental dynamics of regulatory T cells(Treg) phenotypes in ARDS patients. This prospective observational clinical study showed that Early ARDSwas characterized with an alveolar compartment fully polarized towards pro-inflammatory state andneutrophils chemotaxis. In lung compartment, and compared to control patients, ARDS patients showeda quantitative Tregs deficiency, which partially recovered over time, while activation markers wereoverexpressed in both Tregs and effectors T cells (Teff). Conversely, patients with ARDS had a higherproportion of systemic Tregs compared to controls. Significant increased proportion in circulating Th1,Th22, and ILC1 subsets, and decreased proportion in ILC3 subsets were also found in ARDS patientscompared to controls.In conclusion, we developed novel strategies to diagnose and prevent pneumonia in ICU, whichremains essential to improve patients’ outcomes. Therapeutic effects of MSC and EV-MSC, as well asTreg phenotype alterations pave the way for development of novel immunoregulatory therapies
Constantin, Jean-Michel. "Recrutement alvéolaire dans le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigüe : approche morphométrique et biochimique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM21.
Full textAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a very frequent cause of respiratory failure in intensive care units with a poor outcome. Alveolar derecruitment (i. E atelectasis and lung oedema) is a major concept in ARDS. In the first part of the manuscript, we describe the pathophysiological aspect of alveolar derecruitment, the ways to avoid it and how to increase alveolar recruitment. In the second part, we tried to propose answers to 3 questions : How could we assess alveolar recruitment with CT-Scan and at bedside ; how could we increase alveolar recruitment and what happened in the lung when we performed recruitment maneuvers (RM) ? We have described a new method of CT-scan assessment of alveolar recruitment, we have compared this method usable at bedside. We have compared 2 RM and our data suggested that an extended sigh, ventilatory mechanics-based pressure level is more efficient that one CPAP performed at the same pressure level for the same time in all patients with ARDS. We have shown that response to RM influences net alveolar fluid clearance. CT-scan analysis of RM-induced changes in lung has been described. The prospects were presented
Delclaux, Christophe. "Rôle du polynucléaire neutrophile dans la physiopathologie du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120016.
Full textPreira, Pascal. "Etude microfluidique de la rigidité leucocytaire liée au syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue (SDRA)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4020/document.
Full textThe project consists in using microfluidic devices to test human leukocyte behavior in microcirculation. Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a disease that affects numerous patients in intense care services with a rate of death 50%. It is triggered to the sequestration of neutrophils within the lung microvasculature. There is neither diagnostic nor efficient treatment now. We study the properties of the passage of THP-1, and real neutrophils in micro-channels of width 6µm. In order to improve the understanding of SDRA, we also incubate models cells in patient's serums who are suffering from ARDS and diagnostic tools are being developed in collaboration with the hospitals of Marseille
Richard, Jean-Christophe M. "Recrutement alvéolaire au cours du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈ : influence de la ventilation." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003948900204611&vid=upec.
Full textAim: To assess influence of ventilatory pattern on alveolar recruitment measured by pressure volume curves (PV Curve) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: We tested : PEEP, tidal volume (\/t), plateau pressure (Pplat) and respiratorv rate (RR). Results: (I) linear compliance on the zero end expiratory (ZEEP) PV curve reflected continuous alveolar recruitment. Recruitrnent induced by PEEP was associated with compliance reduction. (2) Pulmonary closing pressure that theoretically indicates a maximal PEEP was not tound for PEEP below 20 cmH2O. Potential for recruitment vas positively correlated with linear compliance measured on the ZEEP PV curve. (3) Vt reduction induced significant alveolar derecruitment. (4) Increasing RR resulted in gas trapping. Conclusions: Alveolar recruirnient is a continuous process. High compliance measured on the ZEEP PV curve, indicates that the lung is highly recruitable. Both, Pplat and PEEP may affect recruitment
Virepinte, Frederic. "Le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigüe au cours de la varicelle : à propos de 5 observations." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25212.
Full textLe, Bouffant Gildas. "Administration prolongee d'isoflurane au cours du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue de l'adulte : à propos de deux observations." Amiens, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AMIEM055.
Full textDuboucher, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude des trichomonoses pulmonaires." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S034.
Full textStephant, Jean-Loup. "Intérêt de la ventilation à haute fréquence dans le traitement du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈ de l'adulte." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11046.
Full textSebbane-Allouche, Zineb. "Impact de l'exposition aux glucocorticoïdes sur le syndrome de détresse respiratoire et le développement du prématuré." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25731.pdf.
Full textVoiriot, Guillaume. "Etude de déterminants de la dysfonction vasculaire pulmonaire au cours du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0023/document.
Full textStudy of factors determining the pulmonary vascular dysfunction during acute respiratory distress syndrome.The pathophysiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) includes a pulmonary vascular dysfunction, which is attributable to thrombosis, endothelial hyperpermeability, dysregulation of the pulmonary vasomotor tone and remodeling. Positive pressure ventilation is an exacerbating factor. The result is an increase in the pulmonary vascular resistances, which lead to an acute pulmonary hypertension and may cause acute cor pulmonale, both associated with an altered prognosis during ARDS. But the factors determining the pulmonary vascular dysfunction are poorly known. A murine model of two hit acute lung injury, combining an orotracheal aspiration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to a protective mechanical ventilation, with physiological respiratory and invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Three factors which might determine pulmonary vascular dysfunction were studied. In the first work, we established that the use of alveolar recruitment maneuvers, consisting in a transient and repetitive application of high positive pressure level, minimized the alteration of lung mechanics but induced a pulmonary hypertension. A transcriptomic lung analysis showed a dysregulation of many genes involved in main endothelial functions. In the second work, a interleukin-6 deficiency was shown to be associated with higher pulmonary inflammation and edema. An increase in total pulmonary resistances was also observed, but prevented with a human recombinant interleukin-6 treatment and at least partially attributed to a nitric oxide synthase-dependent dysregulation of the pulmonary vasoreactivity. In the third work, we compared young adult and mature adult mice and we observed an age-dependent severity, including a higher systemic and pulmonary inflammation, a higher alveolocapillary leak and a higher bronchoalveolar angiopoietin 2, suggestive for a severe endothelial injury. Our results might contribute to identify new therapeutic pathways targeting pulmonary microvessels during ARDS.Key words: acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vascular dysfunction, aging, interleukin-6, recruitment maneuvers
Tariket, Sofiane. "Investigation de la pathogenèse du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë post-transfusionnel (TRALI) dans un modèle murin." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSES059/document.
Full textBlood transfusion saves lives and reduces morbidity for many diseases and clinical conditions, but it is not without complications. A transfusion-related adverse event, also known as the Adverse Reaction (AR), is an incident occurring in a patient during or after a blood transfusion. Among them, TRALI is considered as one of the most critical inflammatory reactions. This pathology usually occurs within 6 hours after transfusion. Two types are recognized: immune TRALI and non-immune TRALI. In France, the first is almost completely prevented by a blood product safety policy, while the frequency of the second increases. The pathophysiology of TRALI remains poorly understood. While some scientists give an important function of patient blood platelets, others consider them dispensable. The aim of this thesis was, first, to investigate the inflammatory potential of blood platelets stored in platelet concentrates and its impact on the general vascular endothelium. Next, the role of patient blood platelets, including their secretory products, in the pathogenesis of this transfusion complication will be evaluated. For it, an ALI (mimicking a TRALI) was triggered, in an in vivo model, by an injection of anti-MHC I antibody in mice previously stimulated with LPS. Our results confirm the inflammatory potential of blood platelets in platelet concentrates, which can probably assume the entire responsibility for triggering a non-immune TRALI, and a secondary role for patient blood platelets in the amplification of the severity of this pathology. This thesis is the continuity of studies conducted in the laboratory GIMAP-EA3064, investigating the function of blood platelets in inflammation, thus opening up new perspectives in transfusion safety
Tchoreloff, Pierre. "Caractérisation et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques superficielles d'un surfactant pulmonaire naturel : comparaison avec celles de phospholipides synthétiques." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA114807.
Full textEl, Mdawar Marie Belle. "Études des mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans le développement du syndrome de détresse respiratoire post-transfusionnel (TRALI)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ077.
Full textImmunological TRALI is a rare acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by the presence of alloantibodies in transfused products. A mouse model using a monoclonal antibody against the major histocompatibility complex class I, anti-H-2d, is usually used to study its mechanisms. Nevertheless, there is a lack in our understanding regarding the course of events. In this thesis, I show that the inhibitions of the ATP-gated receptor P2X1 and of the TRPC6 channel reduce the development of periarteriolar pulmonary edema occurring during TRALI, pointing to a role of smooth muscles cells. Specific cell depletions show that platelets and neutrophils are dispensable for TRALI initiation, in contrast to previous reports. Monocytes and/or macrophages are however necessary. I also developed a model of immune TRALI using transgenic mice expressing the human receptor FcγRIIA, and a recombinant antibody with a human IgG1-Fc fragment. My work reveal a more severe TRALI response in transgenic mice, with enhanced activation of platelets and neutrophils. This model allow a finer study of mechanisms underlying TRALI, moving towards the human actors of the pathology. We can also use this novel approach to assess the contribution of human Fc fragment
Richard, Jean-Christophe. "Imagerie fonctionnelle pulmonaire par tomographie en émission de positons et physiopathologie de l'agression pulmonaire aigue͏̈." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10049.
Full textLe, Tulzo Yves. "Réponses immunitaires locales et systémiques au cours de l'agression aigue͏̈." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1B067.
Full textBrethes, Christophe Benjamin. "Place du surfactant exogène dans le traitement du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) : à propos de trois cas pédiatriques." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M074.
Full textRoux, Jérémie. "Function of the epithelial sodium channel ENaC in acute lung injury." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the role of abnormalities in alveolar epithelial ion channel function in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Clinical studies have demonstrated that impaired alveolar fluid clearance associated with the release of inflammatory mediators within the distal airspace of the lung is a characteristic feature of acute lung injury. Therefore, we examined the potential effect of these mediators on ion transport across the alveolar epithelium. In the first study, we demonstrated that increased transforming growth factor -b1 (TGF-b1) activity in distal airspaces during acute lung injury promoted pulmonary edema by reducing alveolar epithelial sodium and fluid transport. In the second study we showed that in alveolar epithelial cells, interleukin -1b (IL-1b) activated TGF-b1 via an integrin avb6-dependent mechanism. Finally in the last study, we demonstrated that IL-1b could also directly and independently reduce the alveolar epithelial sodium and fluid transport. The reduction in fluid transport was shown to be attributable in large part to a decrease in apical membrane expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in lung epithelial cells. The decreased cell surface expression of ENaC was mediated through a MAP kinase-dependent inhibition of ENaC promoter activity. In summary, the studies presented here demonstrate that IL-1b and TGF-b1 down-regulate ENaC biosynthesis and indicate a critical role for these mediators in the impaired fluid clearance of patients with acute lung injury
Briot, Raphaël. "Mesures répétées de la perméabilité capillaro-alvéolaire à une macromolécule au cours de modèles de lésion pulmonaire inflammatoire chez le chien." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10067.
Full textWe developed a new modality of broncho-alveolar lavage technique to measure repeatedly in vivo (every 15 min. During 3. 5 h), the capillary-alveolar permeability to a macromolecule (FlTC-dextran). Following a pre-clinical model of oleic acid lung injury, capillary-alveolar permeability to FlTC-dextran reaches a peak within 30 minutes. Thereafter the permeability decreases slowly until the end of the experiment. We assessed the effects of terbutaline, a β2-agonist assumed to reduce in vitro the microvascular permeability in acute lung injury. Terbutaline infusion started 10 min. After oleic acid injury did not change the time course of permeability. Terbutaline infusion started 90 min. After injury interrupted the recovery with an aggravation in permeability. As cardia index and pulmonary capillary pressure increased with terbutaline infusion, we speculate that terbutaline recruits leaky capillaries and increases FlTC-dextran permeability during late recovery from oleic acid injury
Scherpereel, Arnaud. "Endothélium et agressions pulmonaires aigue͏̈s." Lille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIL2MT03.
Full textGarnier, Marc. "Influence de l'environnement alvéolaire sur les monocytes/macrophages au cours du Syndrome de Détresse Respiratoire Aigüe : rôle sur la réparation alvéolaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC137/document.
Full textAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of acute lung injury. ARDS is characterized bydiffuse alveolar damage followed by a phase of alveolar repair necessary to recovery. Althoughmonocytes/macrophages are key actors of pathogenicity and resolution of ARDS, little is known about theirpolarization and role on alveolar repair during human ARDS. The hypothesis of our studies was that ARDS alveolarenvironment modulates differentiation and polarization of monocytes and macrophages, and that polarizedmacrophages are involved in alveolar repair and its regulation. The main results of our work have shown that: 1)ARDS alveolar environment inhibited monocytes differentiation into fibrocytes (mesenchymal progenitorsassociated with fibroprolifération and a poor prognosis), mainly through its Serum Amyloid P (SAP) content,originating, at least in part, from the release of SAP associated with lung connective tissue during ARDS; 2) ARDSalveolar environment drove an anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, close to that induced by IL-10 in vitro;3) anti-inflammatory macrophages polarized by broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) from ARDS patients favored alveolarepithelial repair through a polarization-dependent production of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). This HGFproduction is amplified by an autocrine PTGS2/PGE2 dependent loop in human macrophages; 4) these results mayhave clinical relevance, since sCD163 (a marker of anti-inflammatory polarization) and HGF concentrations,expressed relatively to BAL macrophage count, were higher in ARDS survivors than non-survivors. Taken together,our works demonstrate for the first time the beneficial role of the ARDS alveolar environment onmonocytes/macrophages, inhibiting their differentiation into fibrocytes, thus limiting excessive lungfibroproliferation, and inducing an anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization, thus limiting the inflammationgenerated by the initial alveolar damage and favoring epithelial repair through HGF production. The datapresented in this thesis may allow considering anti-inflammatory macrophage repolarization as a potential newtherapeutic target of ARDS with excessive inflammation or fibro-proliferation with aberrant repair
Farenc, Christine. "Pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamie de l'atracurium, du cisatracurium et du rocuronium chez le patient de réanimation atteint d'un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON13518.
Full textJabaudon, Gandet Matthieu. "Approche translationnelle de la voie RAGE au cours du syndrôme de détresse respiratoire aiguë : implications diagnostiques, physiopathologiques et thérapeutiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM09.
Full textThe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with diffuse alveolarinjury leading to increased permeability pulmonary edema and hypoxemic respiratory failure. Despite recent improvements in intensive care, ARDS is still frequent and associated with high mortality and morbidity. Two major features of ARDS may contribute to mortality and response to treatment: impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), i.e. altered capacity of the alveolar epithelium to remove edema fluid from distal lung airspaces, and phenotypes of severe inflammation. Pharmacological approaches of ARDS treatment are limited and further mechanistic explorations are needed to develop innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor that is abundantly expressed by lung alveolar epithelial cells andmodulates several cellular signaling pathways. There is growing evidence supporting sRAGE (the main soluble isoform of RAGE) as a marker of epithelial cell injury, and RAGE may be pivotal in ARDS pathophysiology through the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory responses. Our objectives were to characterize the roles of RAGE in ARDS through a translational approach combining preclinical and clinical studies. First, observational and interventional clinical studies were conducted to test sRAGE as a biomarker during ARDS.Then, cultures of epithelial cells, macrophages and a mouse model of acidinduced lung injury were used to describe the effects of RAGE pathway on AFC and inflammation, with special emphasis on a macrophage activation through NodLikeReceptor family, Pyrindomain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Acidinjured mice were treated with an antiRAGE monoclonal antibody or recombinant sRAGE to test the impact of RAGE inhibition on criteria of experimental ARDS. Results from clinical studies support a role of sRAGE as a biomarker of ARDS, withdiagnostic, prognostic and predictive values. In addition, plasma sRAGE is correlated with a lung imaging phenotype of nonfocal ARDS and could inform on therapeutic response. Herein, we also describe in vivo and in vitro effects of RAGE activation on transepithelial fluid transport and expression levels of epithelial channels (aquaporin 5, αNa,KATPaseandαENaC) and on macrophage activation through NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, RAGE inhibition improves AFC and decreases lung injury in vivo. Taken together, our findings support a role of RAGE pathway in the regulation of lung injury, AFC and macrophage activation during ARDS, albeit precise regulatory mechanisms remain uncertain. sRAGE has most features of a validated biomarker that could be used in clinical medicine, but whether it may help to identify subgroups (or phenotypes) of patients that would benefit from tailored therapy remains underinvestigated. Modulation ofRAGE pathway may be a promising therapeutic target, and though validation studies are warranted, such findings may ultimately open novel diagnostic and therapeutic perspectivesin patients with ARDS
Motamed, Cyrus. "Le surfactant artificiel et la maladie des membranes hyalines : à propos de 18 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23104.
Full textKumar, Gaurav. "Infections humaines et molécules de costimulation lymphocytaires T." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4057.
Full textInfectious diseases, caused by various microorganisms are the major cause of death worldwide. T-lymphocytes are a diverse population of cells that participate in both innate and adaptive immunity. We are defining human T lymphocyte responses to viral and bacterial infection and their role on protective immunity and disease pathogenesis. Our research focuses on chronic and acute bacterial and viral infection in Osteomyelities, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Our research is largely clinically based because these diseases do not have good experimental animal models. We report increased T-cell activation and decreased proliferation along with the alteration of its costimulatory pathways as hallmarks of bacterial bone infections in humans. A remarkable decrease in the CD28 expression on CD4 T cells was observed in infected bone tissues along with increased CTLA4 expression. On further analysis of CD28 negative CD4 T cell population, it seemed that it has enhanced cytotoxic capabilities in comparison to their CD28 positive counterparts, being obvious by increased perforine secretion. In ARDS we observed increased activated and proliferating T cell phenotype with increased CTLA4 expression, suggesting that increased CTLA4 seems to play a suppressive role in order to achieve normal T cell homeostasis after going through the active phase of activation. Also we observed IL-17 secretion in ARDS, which may suggest the role of IL-17 as a chemoattractant for neutrophils at the site of infection. In AIDS, the included patients had a stable HAART treatment with undetectable viral load for at least six months. In our study we did not observed major alteration in T cell phenotype and its costimulatory molecules after Raltegravir introduction, but we observed a decrease in viral load in CD4 T cells. In conclusion, alteration of the costimulatory molecules appeared to be disease-related but not pathogen specific
Wu, Yong-Zheng. "Etude des effets du surfactant et de ses constituants sur l'expression de la phospholipase A2 sécrétée de type-IIA : voies de signalisation et rôle dans la modulation de l'inflammation pulmonaire." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066342.
Full textRicard, Jean-Damien. "Lésions induites par la ventilation mécanique : rôles des cytokines et des propriétés mécaniques pulmonaires." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077161.
Full textBoissier, Florence. "Dysfonction vasculaire pulmonaire et ventriculaire droite au cours du SDRA : approche échocardiographique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0057.
Full textContext: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) leads to pulmonary vascular dysfunction Aims: We assessed cardiac consequences of pulmonary vascular dysfunction by detecting patent foramen ovale and transpulmonary bubbles transit using contrast echocardiography, acute cor pulmonale, right ventricle systolic dysfunction and left ventricle deformation during ARDS. We also assessed hemodynamic tolerance of high positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Methods: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed with standard measurements and speckle tracking. Results: TEE could be safely performed in prone position. Patent foramen ovale was detected in 19% of patients, and was associated with a poor oxygenation response to PEEP, and greater use of adjunctive interventions. Transpulmonary bubbles transit was not solely related to anatomical intrapulmonary shunt, but was merely influenced by hemodynamic status (increased cardiac output associated with sepsis). Acute cor pulmonale occurred in 22% of patients, and was associated with a higher driving pressure and with sepsis; it was often associated with circulatory failure, with higher day-28 mortality. Left ventricle systolic deformation (evaluated by eccentricity index) but not right ventricle contractile impairment (evaluated with speckle tracking) was associated with acute cor pulmonale. Finally, we did not find a robust relation between hemodynamic tolerance and alveolar recruitment with higher PEEP levels, but the limited number of patients restricted the power of the analysis. Conclusion: Cardiac consequences of pulmonary vascular dysfunction remain frequent and associated with a poorer prognosis, with respiratory and circulatory implications
Roch, Antoine. "Monoxyde d'azote inhalé et vasoconstricteurs au cours du SDRA [Syndrome de Détresse Respiratoire Aigue͏̈] et de l'ischémie-reperfusion pulmonaire : effets sur l'oxygénation et l'oedème pulmonaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX20655.
Full textLebon, Johann. "Conséquences hémodynamiques de l'application de la Ventilation Liquidienne Totale (VLT) dans un modèle expérimental de syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue (SDRA) chez l'agneau nouveau-né." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3942.
Full textGaudet, Alexandre. "Biological role of endocan and of its major catabolite p14 in the regulation of acute lung inflammation : from physiopathology to prediction of ARDS." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUS059.
Full textARDS is defined as an acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury associated with increased vascular permeability and leading to life-threatening respiratory failure. ARDS is still a severe and common condition in ICU patients, resulting from lung epithelial injuries (as observed in pneumonia) as well as systemic acute inflammatory states, such as septic shock, in which endothelial injury and excessive cellular recruitment play a major role. This condition is characterized by an increase in the migration of leukocytes and especially neutrophils from blood compartment into the lung. Following a firm adherence step depending on the interaction between the integrin LFA-1 and its endothelial ligand ICAM-1, transendothelial migration is based on complex molecular mechanisms involving on one hand endothelial adhesion molecules (E-selectine, ICAMs), and their leukocyte ligands (PSGL-1, LFA-1, Mac-1) and on the other hand chemotactic activators of leukocyte diapedesis (CXCL-12, CCL-2, IL-8) or inhibitors such as endocan.Endocan is a circulating proteoglycan mainly synthesized and secreted by lung endothelium. This molecule has been reported as a functional inhibitor of the LFA-1 / ICAM-1 interaction, explaining its ability to inhibit leukocyte recruitment. Consistently, low levels of endocan have been reported to be associated with high occurrence of respiratory failure in patients admitted in ICU with severe sepsis. This association could result from a lack of secretion of endocan leading to an insufficient protection against excessive lung inflammation in these patients. Another explanation could be advanced, based on the results from De Freitas Caires et al, who have reported the existence of a major catabolite of endocan produced under the proteolytic effect of neutrophil cathepsin G. This endocan fragment, named p14, devoid of the glycanic chain required for the anti-inflammatory activity of endocan, could be involved in the restoration of high levels of lung inflammation. Indeed, it could compete with endocan’s ability to interact with LFA-1, and then could reverse its biological anti-migratory effect. Thus, endocan and p14 could constitute an interesting innovative pathway integrating in much larger models that could finally improve the management of ARDS.During my PhD, we first investigated the effects of human endocan on transendothelial migration, then assessed the potential involvement of the LFA-1 / ICAM-1 interaction in those effects and finally evaluated the hypothetical anti-inflammatory effect of human endocan in a mouse LPS-induced ALI model. We also explored the effects of p14 on the endocan / LFA-1 / ICAM-1 interaction and its consequence on the recruitment of human leukocytes. Then, to assess whether those results concerning the effects of endocan and p14 in the field of basic science could be extrapolated for clinical investigations, we described the conditions of reliability of measurement of blood endocan in ICU patients. Finally, we aimed to comfort the prognostic value of blood endocan measured at ICU admission as a predictor of ARDS, thus supporting the hypothesis emitted by Palud et al, in an independent and larger cohort of patients
Vaillant, Pierre. "Régulation par les phagocytes mononuclées de l'accumulation des cellules mésenchymateuses au cours de la fibrogenèse pulmonaire." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10433.
Full textChabot, Sophie. "Rôle de la protéine A du surfactant dans la régulation de l'interleukine-10 et des phospholipases A2 sécrétées : médiateurs inflammatoires impliqués dans le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066071.
Full textFriggeri, Arnaud. "Rôle extranucléaire de HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1) au cours de l'efferocytose (phagocytose de cellules apoptotiques)." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIED004.
Full textGerber, Frédéric. "Potentiel des molécules perfluoroalkylées dans la composition de surfactants pulmonaires synthétiques et de microbulles destinées au diagnostic et à la thérapie / Frédéric Gerber." Strasbourg 1, 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2006/GERBER_Frederic_2006.pdf.
Full textBannier, Élise. "Développements méthodologiques et applications sur un imageur clinique pour l'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique de l'hélium3 hyperpolarisé." Lyon 1, 2009. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6c53hwv.
Full textThis work deals with the design, on a clinical scanner, of new protocols for helium3 MRI and with their application to preclinical and clinical studies. Allowing for a virtually unlimited number of acquisitions, helium3 MRI is well adapted for longitudinal or pediatric studies. Acquisitions, however, are mostly performed under breath-hold, precluding the application to non cooperative patients. The first part of this thesis addresses the use of a free-breathing protocol, validated in vivo on rabbit and optimized using a model of gas exchange. A second study tackles the joint use of helium3 and proton MRI to study acute diseases, using a rabbit model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Finally, the third study demonstrates the sensitivity of helium3 MRI and evaluates the influence of chest physical therapy on cystic fibrosis children with normal respiratory function
Bayat, Sam. "Mesure par lavage bronchoalvéolaire de la perméabilité capillaro-alvéolaire pulmonaire aux macromolécules et du volume de liquide alvéolaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE19004.
Full textKitsiouli, Eirini. "Etudes biochimique et immunochimique du liquide bronchoalvéolaire de patients atteints du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigue͏̈. Développement d'une méthode fluorimétrique pour le dosage des activités phospholipase A2 et PAF-acétylhydrolase dans les fluides biologiques." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28720.
Full textBeaufort, Nathalie. "Régulation protéolytique du récepteur de l'urokinase et inflammation pulmonaire." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066267.
Full textTogbe, Dieudonnée. "Récepteurs Toll (TLRs) et leurs voies de signalisation : rôles dans les réponses innée et acquise aux antigènes de la tuberculose et du paludisme (malaria)." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2047.
Full textMorales, Pinzon Alfredo. "Lung segmentation and airway tree matching : application to aeration quantification in CT images of subjects with ARDS." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1019/document.
Full textAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a life threatening disease presenting a high mortality of about 40% in intensive care units. It is the consequence of different pulmonary aggressions generating hypoxemia and pulmonary edema, which are radiologically expressed as infiltrations observable as opaque regions in the lung. The treatment of ARDS requires mechanical ventilation, which may deteriorate the state of the patient if the ventilation parameters, namely volume and pressure, are not correctly adjusted. To adjust the parameter settings to each individual case, lung aeration - in response to ventilation - needs to be assessed. This assessment can be done using computed tomography (CT) images. However, it requires the segmentation of the lung-parenchymal tissue, which is a challenging task in ARDS images due the opacities that hinder the image contrast. In this thesis we aim to provide the required tools for the experts to analyze the aeration in the images acquired within an ARDS project using an animal model
Salez, Laurent. "Inflammation pulmonaire, macrophages murins et production d'interleukine-10 : régulation potentielle par la protéine A du surfactant." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T015.
Full textPlante, Julie. "Localisation des sites d'expression de la 17 beta hydroxystéroïde déshydrogénase type 2 et du récepteur des andorgènes dans les poumons fœtaux de souris aux jours 15.5 à 17.5 de la gestation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20177.
Full textUzunhan, Yurdagül. "Effet des cellules souches mésenchymateuses dans les altérations épithéliales alvéolaires induites par l'hypoxie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD103/document.
Full textNon communiqué
Carles, Michel. "IL-8 et transport épithélial alvéolaire des fluides au cours de l'Acute Lung Injury." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20657.
Full textβ-adrenergic agonist-dependent stimulation of the lung fluid clearance is an important mechanism that protects the lung from alveolar flooding. In this study we hypothesized that critical mediators of acute lung injury (ALI), such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), could directly antagonize the epithelial response to β adrenergic agonists. Short circuit current experiments revealed that IL-8 inhibits CFTR-specific β adrenergic agonist-stimulated vectorial Cl- transport across the apical membrane of primary rat and human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII). IL-8 also significantly decreased β adrenergic agonist-stimulated cAMP production resulting in the inhibition of the CFTR promoter activity and gene expression in ATII cells. We found that the TGF-β1-dependent inhibition required IL-8 and was mediated by desensitization the β adrenergic receptor through both TGF-β1 and IL-8 signaling pathways, implicating PI-3 kinase-GRK2 complex translocation to the plasma membrane. Consistent with the in vitro results, we showed that TGF-β1 requires IL-8 to inhibit the β adrenergic agonist-stimulated fluid transport across the distal airspace epithelium in vivo in rats. In summary, the results demonstrate for the first time the importance of the PI3K signaling pathway in amplifying the IL-8-dependent inhibition of the cAMP-mediated alveolar fluid transport. This mechanism has an important clinical relevance since it may modify the way the β adrenergic agonists could be used for the treatment of ARDS