Academic literature on the topic 'Synoecious'

The majority of angiosperms (~94 %) are synoecious, with only a small minority separating the production of the two gamete types onto different biological individuals (dioecy). For many plant species, however, reproductive systems and habits are not well documented. This is particularly true of tropical trees, which, despite their conspicuity, are poorly understood. Plants in the genus Triplaris have been consistently described as strictly dioecious. After morphologic analysis using a dissecting microscope, here I present a number of fully-formed perfect (hermaphroditic) flowers observed on Triplaris herbaria specimens.

Rumex is one of about 50 genera in the knotweed family, Polygonaceae. The genus comprises about 200 species with bisexual, or more commonly, unisexual flowers, with the species displaying monoecious, dioecious, synoecious (hermaphroditic) or polygamous reproductive systems. Some of the dioecious species have heteromorphic sex chromosomes, which is rare amongst angiosperms. We here present a plastid phylogeny of 67 species, representing all four subgenera. For this study, we used three chloroplast markers, rbcL, trnH-psbA, trnL-F and dense taxon sampling to reconstruct the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Rumex to date. The reconstructed phylogeny for this work resolves six major clades and one large grade in Rumex subg. Rumex. In addition, the species with known dioecious reproductive systems are resolved within a broader clade we term “the dioecious clade”. These results suggest that the species with divergent reproductive systems are more closely related to each other than to other species comprising the rest of the Rumex genus.