Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Système nerveux central – Effets du zinc'
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Serraz, Benjamin. "Rôle du zinc dans la transmission synaptique normale et pathologique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS682.
Full textAmong metal ions in the human body, zinc is unique because it does not solely exist as a co-factor inside proteins, but also as a free ion. This pool of zinc is abundant in the central nervous system where it is accumulated in the synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic neurons. The zincergic system is particularly abundant in the telencephalon where it elaborates a dense associational network. During neuronal activity, vesicular zinc is co-released with glutamate and acts as a powerful modulator of synaptic transmission due in part to its high affinity inhibition of GluN2A containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Despite recent advances, numerous aspects of the zincergic system remain ill defined. During the course of this thesis, by combining electrophysiological approaches on recombinant and native receptors, cell imaging and the use of new genetically modified mouse models, we show that zinc is most likely a regulator at excitatory synapses on interneurons and that some sub-populations of these interneurons (SST+) are able to store vesicular zinc. We also show that genetic mutations targeting the GluN2A subunit and that are linked to neurodevelopmental diseases in humans selectively impair NMDAR zinc sensitivity, pointing to zinc as an important regulator of brain function. This work improves our understanding of an original neuromodulatory system that remains under investigated, and opens new conceptual and methodological perspectives regarding the role and distribution of free zinc in the brain
Dietrich, Andrée-Carole. "Effets de l'adénosine sur le système nerveux central." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P165.
Full textFechant, Gae͏̈lle. "Les effets de la caféine sur le système nerveux central." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P092.
Full textChiodini, Florence. "Effets des agents bloquants neuromusculaires sur le système nerveux central." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10218.
Full textNicolosi, Angelo. "Effet de l'exposition périnatale aux nanoparticules d'oxyde de zinc sur l'activité des réseaux de neurones moteurs impliqués dans les fonctions respiratoire et locomotrice." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0912/document.
Full textDue to their size (<100nm) that confers them unique properties, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in many products of everyday life. The growing exposition of the population to NPs, have elicited concerns about their possible impact on health and environment. Indeed, NPs are able to enter and diffuse into organism, through the alveolar, placental, and blood-brain barriers. More dramatically, NPs accumulate into organs such as the brain, and could potentially induce various diseases. Recent findings have highlighted the ability of NPs to modulate the bioelectric properties of individual neurons. However, whether NPs could impair the functioning of a whole neural network, remained unknown. My doctoral work aimed at determining whether zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs alter the activity of neuronal networks that are responsible for the genesis of respiration and locomotion. Here, we have shown that acute exposure to ZnO NPs induced an increase of inspiratory frequency followed up by a premature cessation of the rhythm generation, using ex-vivo brainstem/spinal cord preparations from newborn rats. Our results have highlighted the inspiratory neurons from the pre-Bötzinger complex as a preferential target of ZnO NPs. When, ZnO NPs were injected chronically into gestating females, we observed a modification of the respiratory rhythm and an increase of respiratory pause duration (apnoea), by performing plethysmographic recordings in the following progeny. Taking together, those data shed a new light not only on the potential neurotoxicity of ZnO NPs, and as a consequence on the functioning of mammals' motors neurons networks, but also on organism perinatal vulnerability throughout maternal exposition during gestation
Coureau, Gaëlle. "Effets sanitaires des champs électromagnétiques et tumeurs du système nerveux central." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22104/document.
Full textContext. During the century, exposure to electromagnetic fields have increased with electricity and telecommunications facilities. In 2002, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans, followed by radiofrequencies in 2011. To date, this carcinogenic role remains controversial. We investigated the association between brain tumors and exposure to electromagnetic fields in a case-control study, CERENAT. Methods. Subjects over 16 years, living in four French areas, with a diagnosis of brain tumor in 2004-2006 were included, with 2 matched controls per case. The detailed occupational history and mobile telephone use were collected in a standardized questionnaire during a face- to-face interview to estimate exposure to ELF-EMF (using job-exposure matrix) and to radiofrequencies. Results. The study included 596 cases and 1192 controls. No association was observed between exposure to ELF-EMF and gliomas or meningiomas. For neuromas, the risk increased with exposure, not significantly, reaching an odds ratio (OR)=2.7 [0.8 - 9.0] for a life-long mean exposure ≥ 0.2 μT. Moreover, regular use of mobile phone (Y/ N) was not associated with brain tumor (OR=1.1 [0.8 - 1.4]). However, a significant association was observed for gliomas in the heaviest users when considering a life-long cumulative duration of calls ≥ 896 hours (OR=2.3 [1.4 - 3.8]). Risks were higher for temporal tumors, occupational or urban mobile phone use. Conclusion. Our results are consistent with previous studies showing an association between brain tumors and the extensive use of MP, and no association with exposure to ELF-EMF. However, the association between ELF-EMF and neuromas remains to be explored, as well as the follow of mobile phone effects in the long term
Goujon, Emmanuelle. "Régulation par les glucocorticoi͏̈des des effets des cytokines dans le système nerveux central." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28354.
Full textBlanc-Lapierre, Audrey. "Effets chroniques des pesticides sur le système nerveux central : données épidémiologiques en milieu agricole." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21958/document.
Full textGiven the number of exposed persons, long term effects of pesticides are a foremost Public Health concern. However their study raises complex methodological issues. Our objective was to contribute to the knowledge of the pesticide chronic effects on the central nervous system by exploring the role of organophosphate insecticides in occurence of cognitive disorders by an innovative epidemiological approach. Two exposure assessment tools were developed (a crop exposure matrix: PESTIMAT and algorithms based on field studies: PESTEXPO) to estimate the lifetime cumulated exposure to 34 organophosphate insecticides used in vineyards, taking into account pesticide exposure during tasks (mixing, spraying, cleaning, re-entry) performed by wine-growers. These tools were used in the framework of the first follow-up (2001-2003) of the PHYTONER cohort, initiated in 1997 by the enrollment of 925 workers affiliated to the farmer health insurance system in Gironde, France. Cumulative organophosphate exposure defined by an index using the two tools was associated with poor cognitive performances, particularly for tests exploring the visual working memory and the processing speed. Risk level varied depending on the organophosphate, and was more pronounced for mevinphos. This thesis supports the hypothesis that cognitive impairment may be associated with pesticide occupational use and raises the question of a further evolution towards dementia. It also demonstrated the feasibility and the relevance of an approach based on chemical specific exposure scores to analyze health effects
Vitte, Pierre-Alain. "Les effets centraux de la mélatonine : approche anatomo-fonctionnelle, in vivo, chez le rat conscient non contraint." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1W250.
Full textMausset-Bonnefont, Anne-Laure. "Effets des ondes électromagnétiques émises par les téléphones cellulaires sur le système nerveux central du rat." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20092.
Full textToussaint, Michel. "Méthodologie et analyse des signaux électroencéphalographiques : développement d'un nouveau système." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0208.
Full textJaglin, Mathilde. "Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d'indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057811.
Full textJaglin, Mathilde. "Axe intestin-cerveau : effets de la production d’indole par le microbiote intestinal sur le système nerveux central." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112312/document.
Full textThe gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex microbial community, the gut microbiota, whose collective genome coding capacity vastly exceeds that of the host genome. The involvement of the gut microbiota in various aspects of the host physiology, such as the nutritional metabolism and the immunity, has long been studied. In contrast, the possible action of the gut microbiota on brain development and functioning is a new line of research, still poorly explored. In this context, we performed a first general study of the effect of gut microbiota on the brain by comparing the sensory-motor functions, the anxiety-like behaviour, the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the brain monoamine profile in germ-free and conventional F344 rats. The results show that, in this particularly stress-sensitive strain, absence of gut microbiota exacerbates the anxiety-like behaviour and neuroendocrine response to stress, and reduces brain dopamine metabolism. To investigate the means by which the microbiota can affect the brain, a second study was conducted, targeting a specific bacterial metabolite, indole, whose oxidative derivatives, produced by the liver, are known to have neuroactive properties. Indole is a natural metabolite of the gut microbiota, whoseoverproduction could occur during a microbiota dysbiosis. Two conditions of overproduction, namely chronic and acute, were modelled. In both cases, significant changes in the behaviour of the host were observed. In chronic overproduction, indole promotes anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours, while acute overproduction has a marked sedative effect. From a mechanistic point of view, we confirm that indole can act on the central nervous system through its oxidized derivatives and show for the first time that it can also act by activating the brain nuclei of the vagus nerve
Cremona, Sandrine. "Mécanismes récepteurs des effets comportementaux de l'interleukine-1 beta : régulation par les glucocorticoi͏̈des au sein du système nerveux central." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28578.
Full textRenault, Alix. "Influence des représentations internes sur l'adaptation sensorimotrice et la cognition spatiale : effets de la proprioception et de la variabilité inter-individuelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0686/document.
Full textHow do we achieve voluntary movements? What mechanisms allow us to grasp objects or orient ourselves in an environment? Previous work suggests that representations within the central nervous system underlie trivial actions such as reaching movements toward an object or memorizing the layout of a shopping center. However, the nature of these representations remains unclear. Regarding the control of upper limb movements, two main types of movement representations have been proposed, with representations according to an extrinsic coordinate system (representations referred to a normed space, right/left, up/down...) and an intrinsic system (representations referred to muscles and joints, flexion/extension, abduction/adduction...). With respect to the spatial representation of an environment such as a park, two coordinate systems could be used: an allocentric system (with references between landmarks, in a cartesian or polar space) and an egocentric system (with references to its own body). The aim of this thesis was to clarify the nature of the representations used for sensorimotor control and spatial cognition. We were also interested in how sensory modalities impact both sensorimotor control and spatial cognition, and we specifically focused on vision and proprioception
Jamen, Françoise. "Le récepteur de type I du neuropeptide PACAP (PAC1) : étude de la régulation de son expression et de son rôle physiologique chez la souris." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20100.
Full textBouschet, Tristan. "Voies de signalisation impliquées dans les effets neurotrophiques du PACAP." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20147.
Full textCapuron, Lucile. "Évaluation des effets psychotropes des cytokines utilisées en thérapeutique anticancéreuse : un modèle d'étude des relations entre le système immunitaire et le système nerveux central." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR21026.
Full textIbanez, Chrystelle. "Contribution à l'étude de la biosynthèse et des effets pro-remyelinisants de la progesterone dans le système nerveux central." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066163.
Full textCrouzier, David. "Effets non thermiques des champs de radiofréquences sur le système nerveux central : étude multiparamétrique réalisée sur le rat vigile." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10034.
Full textDeleterious effects on healthcare and particularly disruption of the cholinergic system have been reported after exposure to radiofrequency field at low power density. This work present a multiparametric study of freely moving rat where neurophysiology was investigated using a neurochemical (by microdialysis technique), electrophysiological, behavioral (by vigilance stages quantification) and thermophysiological approaches. No neurophysiological effect has been noticed after electromagnetic exposure at 1,8 GHz and 2,45 GHz frequencies and for low power (no thermic level) density. Similarly complementary studies of metabolic and lipidic composition of brain tissue was performed using NMR spectrometry and failed studies by NMR and failed to show any significant effect
Chanut, Evelyne. "Effets neurochimiques centraux et métabolisme du 6-fluoro-DL-tryptophanne chez le rat." Université de Paris-Sud. Faculté de pharmacie (Châtenay-Malabry, Hauts-de-Seine), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114803.
Full textWillemaire, Sandrine. "Le monoxyde d'azote au niveau du système nerveux central : mise au point d'une méthode de détection par voltamétrie." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P203.
Full textNataf, Serge. "Contrôle tissulaire de la réponse immune au cours de l'encéphalite allergique expérimentale : effets de la 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D3." Nantes, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT14VS.
Full textMarchand, Sandrine. "Diffusion centrale et activité convulsivante des fluoroquinolones." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT1801.
Full textNadjar, Agnès. "Etude des voies de signalisation impliquées dans les effets centraux de l'interleukine-1β." Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21155.
Full textInterleukin-1β), produced by activated macrophages and monocytes in contact with invading microorganisms, is an important cytokine for the induction of sickness behvior. It evokes a broad spectrim of centrally mediated responses, including fever, somnolence, anorexia and altered metabolic activities. The psychological and behavioral components of sickness represent a highly organized strategy of the organism to fight infection referred to as "sickness behavior". Given its molecular weight and hydrophilic profile, IL-1β cannot passively cross the blood-brain-barrier and its central action is mediated by brain IL-1 receptors (IL-1RI) found to be mainly expressed in brain barrier-related structures like the meninges, the choroid plexus, and vascular endothelium of the whole parenchyma (including the circumventricular organs, or CVOs, that lack a BBB). Acting on its receptor, IL-1β has been proposed to induce the synthesis of small lipophylic mediators such as prostaglandins as the blood brain barrier (BBB), which in turn are thought to diffuse into the brain parenchyma and activate key brain structures mediating behavioral and physiological responses. Our main objective was to determine, in the rat brain, the cerebral cellular targets of IL-1β in term of post-receptor mechanisms, and to evaluate the involvement of prostaglandins in IL-1β central effects. .
Cluzel, Christophe. "Le mécanisme d'action des anoréxigènes centraux." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P258.
Full textAlaoui, Sidia Faouzia. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet des neuroprotecteurs et du riluzole : application à l'effet de l'irradiation gamma sur le système nerveux central du jeune rat." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120057.
Full textCretallaz, Céline. "Effets biologiques des ondes électromagnétiques impulsionnelles de type radar chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921183.
Full textMasson, Justine. "Caractérisation anatomique du transporteur "orphelin" Rxt1, un marqueur des terminaisons utilisant les acides aminés comme neurotransmetteurs dans le système nerveux central." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P605.
Full textLerebours, Adélaïde. "Caractérisation des effets de l'uranium chez le poisson zèbre Danio rerio : mécanisme de stress, neurotoxicité et métabolisme mitochondrial." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11058.
Full textThis research explored several biological effects of uranium (U) in zebrafish exposed to low waterborne uranium concentrations (20 and 100 μg/L). In tissue specific study (brain, liver, skeletal muscles and gills) of transcriptional responses in 20 genes identified the nature of the potential U effects during 28 days of exposure followed by an 8-day depuration phase in connection with U bioaccumualtion. Liver and gills accumulate high concentrations of U and the depuration is efficient contrary to the brain and muscles. U exposure induced a later response in liver (inflammatory process, apoptosis and detoxification) and gills (oxidative balance) and an early one in brain (neuronal response) and muscles (mitochondrial metabolism). Brain and muscles appear sensitive since defence mechanisms are inefficient above low concentrations. A further study on these two organs examined the function and protein content of the respiratory mitochondrial chain following U exposure. An inhibition of the respiratory control ratio for the lowest concentration, variation in the protein synthesis of the complex IV (induction of cytochrome c oxydase sub-unit I and IV) and histological damage (dilatation in brain and vacuolization in muscles) were observed. Another study focused on the early effects on the brain and was accomplished through a large transcriptional analysis coupled with examinations of the olfactory bulb ultrastructure. A depression of genes encoding olfactory receptor or111-7 and or102-5 was observed as rapidly as 3 days post-exposure to the lowest concentration of U. These responses and histological injuries suggest that the olfactory system could be sensitive to U exposure
Brillaud, Elsa. "Etude de la potentielle neurotoxicité des ondes radiofréquences de type GSM sur le système nerveux central chez le rat." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077079.
Full textThese last years, the mobile phone technology development involved the problem of potentials health effects, and particularly on the central nervous because of the phones position during use (close to the head). Aim of this work was to study the potential neurotoxic effect of the GSM radio frequencies microwaves on the central nervous system of rat using a loop antenna exposure set-up. Effect of an acute and a sub-chronic exposure was tested on the brain structure, the neuronal activity, the glial cells evolution and behaviours. We found an effect of various exposures types on the cerebral activity and the glial evolution in structures closed to the exposed zone and in deeper areas. Effects were dependent of the exposure duration, the specific absorption rate and effects seemed to be transitory. There is no cumulative effect after a repeated exposure, and some adaptive mechanisms could intervened. Propagation of the effect in the brain could pass by biological Systems as neurotransmission pathways. In spite of functional modifications, no structural and behavioural strong effect were observed. These results did not provide arguments to show a neurotoxic effect of GSM radio frequencies on the central nervous System of rat. The extrapolation of data ti human was discussed and did not show any consequence on health for levels of exposure inferiors or equal to the limit
Baldi, Isabelle. "Effets neurologiques centraux chroniques des expositions professionnelles aux pesticides." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28621.
Full textLimosin, Anne. "Altérations physiopathologiques et activité convulsivante de l'imipénème évaluée par modélisation pharmacocinétique-pharmacodynamique chez le rat." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT1801.
Full textLestaevel, Philippe. "Modifications induites sur les systèmes NO-ergiques des compartiments vasculaire et central par l'irradiation gamma, les lipopolysaccharides et la brûlure." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10225.
Full textLayé, Sophie. "Régulation des cytokines et de leurs récepteurs dans le système nerveux central sous l'effet d'une inflammation périphérique induite par le lipopolysaccharide." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28395.
Full textBossenmeyer-Pourié, Carine. "Caractérisation des effets de l'hypoxie sur des neurones centraux en culture primaire : de l'activation du cycle cellulaire à l'apoptose." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN12007.
Full textNascimento, Alessandro. "Effets de l'inhibition du système sympathique central sur les paramètres métaboliques et microcirculatoires chez les rats obèses avec syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ120/document.
Full textCardiovascular and metabolic risk factors that characterize the metabolic syndrome (MS), including high blood pressure, obesity and glucose intolerance, are accompanied by sympathetic hyperactivity. In this study, we investigated the effects of a chronic oral antihypertensive treatment using centrally-acting sympatho-inhibitory drugs on the metabolic and microvascular parameters in rats under long-term high-fat diet with salt supplementation. For that, fifty male adult Wistar rats were maintained under normal or high-fat diet during 20 weeks. The HFD group received oral clonidine, rilmenidine, LNP 599 or vehicle. Functional microcirculation was evaluated by intravital videomicroscopy and the structural was studied using histochemical analysis. We concluded that the modulation of sympathetic activity reverses the capillary rarefaction in the skeletal muscle and left ventricle in an experimental model of MS in rats
Gandolfo, Pierrick. "Contribution à l'étude des effets autocrines des endozépines, ligands endogènes potentiels des récepteurs des benzodiazépines, sur les astrocytes de rat en culture primaire." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES011.
Full textQuentin, Thomas. "Etude des effets d'un traitement associé de benzodiazépine (clorazépate) à un traitement de substitution aux opiacés (buprénorphine) sur les récepteurs centraux opioïdes de types mu, delta et kappa chez le rat." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2008.
Full textBuprenorphine (BPN), a substitution therapy for heroin addicts, is largely abused and misused specially in association with benzodiazépines (BZDs). With the aim to explain this craving, we investigated the regulation of opioid receptors subtypes µ, δ and κ induced by dipotassium clorazepate (CRZ) alone or in combination with BPN. Wistars rats were injected acutely (once a day) or chronically (21 days) with CRZ (i. P. ; 20 mg/kg) alone or in combination with BPN (s. C. ; 0,15 mg/kg). Using a β-imager, we investigated the binding parameters (Bmax and Kd) of three specific tritiated radioligands on rat brain sections. Our results showed that a) CRZ acts on density of opioid receptors and/or affinity of specific ligands b) the down- and/or up-regulation induced by BPN and the opioid ligands affinity were quantitatively modified when CRZ was added to BPN c) effects on opioid receptors were region dependent. Opioid receptors structures are implicated in different hedonic behaviors and their regulation modified by a BZD could explain the abuse of BPN-BZD association
Mouheiche, Jinane. "Nouvelles données sur la morphine, son catabolisme et sa protéine de liaison dans le système nerveux central." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ022.
Full textMorphine is one of the most used analgesics in hospitals to relieve acute and chronic pain. Morphine exerts its analgesic effects by binding central and peripheral μ opioid receptors (MORs) and has many side effects that limit its long-term use including tolerance. The first part of my thesis was aimed to study the phenomenon of morphine tolerance and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Previously, this phenomenon was explained as resulting !rom MORs desensitization by endocytosis. However, our results show that in case of tolerance, the catabolism of morphine is exacerbated in the central nervous system in particular in astocytes. The second part of my work has focused on the characterization of the Creatine Kinase (CK) as a novel protein that binds morphine with a high affinity. Our results showed that CK has two binding sites with a similar affinity for morphine. Surprisingly, by studying the potential effect of CK on morphine-induced analgesia in vivo, we noticed that the two peptides corresponding to morphine binding sites are analgesics and such analgesia seems to be mediated by opioid receptors
Bryche, Bertrand. "Caractérisation des défenses immunitaires de la muqueuse olfactive, porte d’entrée de virus vers le système nerveux central." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA024.
Full textThe central nervous system is sheltered from the environment thanks to cranial bones and the blood brain barrier. Some parts of these barriers are weaker, especially around olfactory nerves originating from olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal cavity. These neurons detect odorants and their axons cross the cribriform plate to project directly into the brain at the level of the olfactory bulbs. The cribriform plate is a thin and perforated area of the cranial bones allowing the crossing of the olfactory nerves. This “olfactory pathway” constitutes a privileged entry site for viruses toward the central nervous system. Hence, the olfactory mucosa represents a particularly sensitive area for the immune system. While the olfactory mucosa is known to produce various anti-microbial compounds, the described molecular and cellular mechanism of immune system defenses against viruses remains sparse.The interleukin 17c (IL-17c) is known as an innate immunity response actor in the respiratory epithelium. While its receptors are expressed in the olfactory mucosa, its role in this tissue was unknown. We found that IL-17c is involved in olfactory mucosa responses to Poly(I:C) mimicking virus presence. We observed that nasal instillation of IL-17c accelerated the olfactory mucosa turn-over and induced its infiltration by immune cells. In attempt to characterize the role of IL-17c in a real viral context, we started to focus on the impact of two viruses of the respiratory tract: influenza and the respiratory syncytial virus. We observed that both viruses could effectively infect olfactory sensory neurons but with a higher virus load for influenza. Indeed, at similar doses, influenza induced important damages in the olfactory mucosa but was not present, indicating that influenza virus is very effectively and rapidly eliminated from the olfactory mucosa. By focusing on the elimination processes of infected olfactory sensory neurons, we identified a novel early anti-viral mechanism based on elastase, an enzyme previously described as secreted by neutrophils, main actors of the innate immunity system.Overall, my PhD results provide new insights on the immune defenses present in the olfactory mucosa against respiratory viruses and could bring new perspectives in the control of virus infecting the central nervous system
Gicquel, Sophie. "Neuropeptide FF et modulation opioi͏̈de. Conception de sondes pharmacologiques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30231.
Full textKosmidis, Efstratios. "Effets du bruit dans le système nerveux central : du neurone au réseau de neurones : fiabilité des neurones, rythmogenèse respiratoire, information visuelle : étude par neurobiologie numérique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066199.
Full textVaur, Pauline Magda Marie. "Caractérisation des effets protecteurs du NAD+ et du Nicotinamide Riboside lors de la dégénérescence axonale dans le système nerveux central : Implications dans les processus neurodégénératifs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066594/document.
Full textSynaptic and axonal degeneration (AxD) are major events in neurodegenerative diseases. Levels of NAD+, an important coenzyme for axonal integrity, are strongly reduced in different degeneration models so enhancing cellular NAD+ is one of the numerous therapeutic strategies against neuronal pathologies. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a good NAD+ precursor as it has already been shown to delay AxD in peripheral nervous system (PNS) and extracellular NAD+ conversion to NR was previously described in cell lines and in PNS. During my thesis project, we analyzed the role of NR metabolism to prevent degeneration processes in cortical neurons. Using an excitotoxicity model developed in microfluidic devices, we showed for the first time that both NAD+ and NR delay AxD in cortical neurons, with a more potent effect for NR. We confirm this differential effect in an in vivo ischemic model. Moreover, NR effect is mainly restricted to the axonal compartment and intracellular NAD+ depletion is reverted after NR application, suggesting that axonal integrity is totally dependent on NAD+ local metabolism. Furthermore, in a complete NAD+ depletion paradigm, NAD+ and NR have surprisingly the same strong effect, protecting equally neuronal death and AxD. Examination of the extracellular pathway suggest that NAD+ conversion to NR is limited in excitotoxicity but effective in the NAD+ depletion model. These results reveal that NR and NAD+ metabolism depend on the neurotoxic paradigm. Our results demonstrate that NR has a strong and local neuroprotective effect on AxD in several neurotoxic processes. These findings open new therapeutic strategies to prevent neurodegenerative diseases
Ahmed, Serge. "Bases associatives et non associatives de la sensibilisation aux drogues psychostimulantes." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28388.
Full textPousset, Florence. "Expression des cytokines dans le cortex et l'hippocampe de rat et régulation de leur expression dans les astrocytes hippocampiques par la sérotonine : approche moléculaire, amplification par la réaction de polymérisation en chaîne." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28370.
Full textRamdine, Régine. "Modulation présynaptique de la libération de noradrénaline et de 5-hydroxytryptamine dans le système nerveux central : étude des autorécepteurs sérotoninergiques et alpha-2 adrénergiques en liaison avec les systèmes de seconds messagers." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P602.
Full textTafani, Jean André Mathieu. "Ligands radioiodés pour l'étude in vivo des récepteurs aux opioi͏̈des par tomographie d'émission monophotonique." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30233.
Full textWang, Rong Fu. "Mise au point et évaluation d'un nouveau radioligand iodé spécifique pour l'imagerie tomoscintigraphique des neurorécepteurs aux opioi͏̈des." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30094.
Full textKitchener, Pierre. "Régulation intracellulaire de l'activité du récepteur aux glucocorticoi͏̈des (GR) in vivo." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21081.
Full textThe aim of this work was to determine how important are the mechanisms regulating glucocorticoids effects on the central nervous system. We measured GR nuclear translocation and their binding to specific GRE sequences during the circadian cycle and in response to an acute stress. We then undertook the same measurements in 2 rat models more prone to self administer drugs of abuse. GR activity in physiological conditions is variable among cerebral structures and tissues, and is rather submitted to many structure dependent regulations. Moreover, rats more vulnerable to drugs of abuse show less GR activation in structures involved in the negative feedback on the HPA axis while having more activation in the nucleus accumbens, one of the main neurobiological substrate of the motivational effects of drugs. This work shows how important intracellular regulations of GR activity are on the physiological and pathophysiological effects of glucocorticoids on the central nervous system and behaviour