Academic literature on the topic 'Tandem EFGF'

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and soft X-ray (SX) spectroscopic measurements are important means to diagnose radiation power loss, impurity ion densities and effective charge of confined plasma, Z eff , in magnetically confined plasmas such as fusion plasmas. We have constructed space- and time-resolving flat-field VUV (150–1050Å) and SX (20–350Å) spectrographs by using aberration-corrected concave gratings with varied line spacing. Absolute calibration experiments have been conducted at the Photon Factory in the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization. Absolute sensitivities of the VUV and SX spectrographs have been obtained for the two (S and P) polarization geometries. Thus, absolute intensities of emission spectra from impurity ions can be measured together with their radial distributions in plasmas. The total radiation power was determined to be less than 6 kW within ±20% of error in our normal plasma operation. Density profiles of impurity ions were reduced by using absolute emissivities of impurity lines and a collisional-radiative model. Moreover, the value of Z eff is estimated to be 1.00 in the tandem mirror GAMMA 10 plasma.

The purpose of the research was to study the content of T-2 and HT-2 toxins in feed and their eff ect on the digestibility of feed nutrients in broilers. The paper provides unique information on the contamination of the feed in the Russian Federation with T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The studies have beene performed using the most objective laboratory method of high-performance chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry on modern equipment. New knowledge has been obtained about changes in the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine and blood plasma in meat chickens when they consume feed with different levels of T-2 and HT-2 contamination with toxins. The presence of T-2 toxin at a dose of 1073±53,7 mcg/kg (exceeding the MAC by 10 times) and HT-2 toxin in the feed affects the digestive processes and the digestibility of feed nutrients in meat chickens. The infl uence of T-2 and HT-2 toxins on the digestibility of dry matter of feed, protein, and fat by meat chickens has been determined. The presence of mycotoxins in the feed did not affect the average live weight of broilers. Broiler chickens that consumed feed with mycotoxins lagged behind in growth by 3,8 %, and those who received a feed additive with contaminated feed by 2,7 % from the control group. The use of the feed additive Mycofix Plus 5,0 for the inactivation of mycotoxins in an amount of 1 kg/t when the feed was contaminated with 173 mcg/mg of T-2 and HT-2 toxins was rational and contributed to the improvement of the digestibility and use of feed nutrients by broilers and consequently their productivity.

Measurements of reactor physics quantities aimed at identifying the reactivity worth of materials, spectral ratios of cross-sections, and reactivity coefficients have ensured reactor physics codes can accurately predict nuclear reactor systems. These measurements were critical in the absence of sufficiently accurate differential data, and underpinned the need for experiments through the 50s, 60s, 70s and 80s. Data from experimental campaigns were routinely incorporated into nuclear data libraries either through changes to general nuclear data libraries, or more commonly in the local libraries generated by a particular institution or consortium interested in accurately predicting a specific nuclear system (e.g. fast reactors) or parameters (e.g. fission gas release, yields). Over the last three decades, the model has changed. In tandem access to computing power and monte carlo codes rose dramatically. The monte carlo codes were well suited to computing k-eff, and owing to the availability of high quality criticality benchmarks and these benchmarks were increasing used to test the nuclear data. Meanwhile, there was a decline in the production of local libraries as new nuclear systems were not being built, and the existing systems were considered adequately predicted. The cost-to-benefit ratio of validating new libraries relative to their improved prediction capability was less attractive. These trends have continued. It is widely acknowledged that the checking of new nuclear data libraries is highly skewed towards testing against criticality benchmarks, ignoring many of the high quality reactor physics benchmarks during the testing and production of general-purpose nuclear data libraries. However, continued increases in computing power, methodology (GPT), and additional availability reactor physics experiments from sources such as the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Experiments should result in better testing of new libraries and ensured applicability to a wide variety of nuclear systems. It often has not. Leveraging the wealth of historical reactor physics measurements represents perhaps the simplest way to improve the quality of nuclear data libraries in the coming decade. Resources at the Nuclear Energy Agency can be utilized to assist in interrogating available identify benchmarks in the reactor physics experiments handbook, and expediting their use in verification and validation. Additionally, high quality experimental campaigns that should be examined in validation will be highlighted to illustrate potential improvements in the verification and validation process.

Abstract Background Improving strategies for patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) who fail stem cell transplantation (SCT) or are unsuitable for the procedure remains an essential need. Lenalidomide and bendamustine are active and well tolerated as single agents in recurrent HL, with overall response rates (ORR) of 30% to 53% [Fenhinger, 2012; Corazzelli, 2012; Moskowitz, 2012].These agents independently frame different targets on tumor and microenvironment cells and may cooperate to override disturbed immunologic pathways and circumvent drug resistance in HL. In a Bayesian, multi-center, open label phase 1/2 study, we investigated for safety and efficacy the combination of continuous lenalidomide with weekly bendamustine (ClinicalTrials.gov # NTC01412307). Methods The study aimed at defining the optimal daily dose of continuous lenalidomide (10, 15, 20 or 25 mg) as combined, in a 28-day cycle, to weekly fixed-dose bendamustine (60 mg/m2; d 1, 8, 15). The dose-finding algorithm proceeded in cohorts of 3 pts, based on anticipated efficacy and toxicity pairs of probability (Thall & Cook, Biometrics 2004). Trade-offs between response [Cheson 2007 criteria] and dose-limiting toxicity [CTCv3.0 grade (G) >3 lasting >2 weeks] were assessed after 2 cycles (day +56) and pts were planned to receive up to 6 total courses, unless progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. ORR and progression-free survival (PFS) were additional endpoints. Results Thirty-six pts (69% male) with a median age of 31 yrs (r 19-75) were enrolled. The median number of prior therapies was 4 (r 1-9) and the median time from upfront treatment was 24 mo.s (r 7-118). Twenty-six pts (72%) had primary refractory disease after ABVD, 16 pts (44%) failed prior SCT [single (n=7) or tandem (n=3) ASCT, tandem ASCT/alloSCT (n=6)]. Fifteen pts (42%) had previously received a median of 5 cycles (r 2-8) of brentuximab vedotin (BV) and 3 pts were already given bendamustine (>3 courses). Overall, 23 pts (64%) were refractory to most recent therapy. Eff/Tox trade-offs at cycle 2 showed that 73% of pts had response w/o toxicity, 19% had no response w/o toxicity, 6% had response with toxicity and 2% had no response with toxicity. With such Eff/Tox profiles, the study algorithm did not prompt any dose escalation for lenalidomide after the first 18 pts and the initial dose level (10 mg) was adopted for the expansion phase. A total of 156 LeBen cycles were administered, and pts received a median of 4 courses (r 1-6). Overall, 16 cycles were delayed due to G3/G4 thrombocytopenia (n=6), G4 neutropenia (n=3), G3 pneumonia (n=3), G3 respiratory infection (n=2), G2 phlebitis (n=1), G2 supraventricular arrhythmia (n=1). Two patients discontinued treatment, while in PR and CR after 4 courses, due to protracted (>2 weeks) thrombocytopenia. No G4 extra-hematological toxicity was observed. The complete response (CR) rate was 44% (16/36) with an ORR of 75% (27/36; 95% CI, 59-86). Notably, substantial CR and PR rates were achieved after LeBen regardless of primary refractoriness, SCT and BV failure (Table). Most CRs (14/16) were obtained within the first 4 cycles; 6 responders (4 CRs and 2 PRs) underwent SCT. Median PFS was 3.2 mo.s (r 1.5-5.4) for pts with progressive (PD) or stable disease (SD) and 11.4 mo.s (r 4-31) for those achieving CR/PR. Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 24 mo.s. Overall, complete responders (including 6 pts consolidated with SCT) had a 2-year disease-free survival of 41% (median, 14.3 mo.s). Conclusions The innovative schedule of the Leben combination is safe, yields high response rates in heavily pretreated and primary refractory HL pts, including SCT and BV failures, and steps over the 'single agent' activity of its components. Due to its immunomodulatory potential the Leben platform is amenable to further upgrading through lenalidomide maintenance, combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors and BV. Table 1. Efficacy results Responsesno. (%) All pts Refractory to upfront therapy Refractory to most recent therapy Failure after SCT Failure after ASCT Failure after AlloSCT Failure after BV Failure after SCT and BV Failure after bendamustine No BV (n=36) (n=26) (n=23) (n=16) (n=10) (n= 6) (n=15) (n=8) (n=3) (n=21) CR 16 (44) 11 (42) 8 (35) 8 (50) 6 (60) 2 (33) 5 (33) 3 (37) 0 11 PR 11 8 9 4 2 2 4 2 0 7 SD 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 PD 7 5 4 3 2 1 5 2 2 2 CR+PR 27 (75) 19 (73) 17 (74) 12 (75) 8 (80) 4 (66) 9 (60) 5 (62) 0 18 (86) Disclosures Pinto: Takeda, Celgene, Roche, TEVA: Honoraria; Takeda: Research Funding. Zinzani:Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; J&J: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.