Academic literature on the topic 'Tarocci'

Susceptibility of four blood orange cultivars (‘Moro’, ‘Tarocco’, ‘Sanguinello’ and ‘Sanguine’) to chilling injury (CI) was studied. Antioxidant enzymes as well as physiological and biochemical changes were measured monthly at 2 and 5 °C plus 2 days at 20 °C for shelf life. At 2 °C, CI symptoms were higher than at 5 °C, and ‘Moro’ and ‘Tarocco’ had significantly higher CI than ‘Sanguinello’ and ‘Sanguine’. ‘Moro’ and ‘Tarocco’ had the highest electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and polyphenol oxidase activity and lower phenylalanine ammonia-lyase compared with ‘Sanguinello’ and ‘Sanguine’. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed that ‘Moro’ and ‘Tarocco’ showed severe fractures in the flavedo due to CI. ‘Sanguinello’ and ‘Sanguine’ were more tolerant to CI due to an increase of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, which could prevent the loss of membrane integrity and alleviate CI symptoms. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) for cultivars and temperatures revealed four main clusters. The first cluster included ‘Moro’ and ‘Tarocco’ at 2 °C, and the second cluster included ‘Moro’ and ‘Tarocco’ at 5 °C. The third cluster involved ‘Sanguinello’ and ‘Sanguine’ at 2 °C, and the fourth cluster included ‘Sanguinello’ and ‘Sanguine’ at 5 °C. The order of susceptibility of cultivars to CI was ‘Moro’ > ‘Tarocco’ > ‘Sanguine’ > ‘Sanguinello’.

In the past decade Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. karstii, and Alternaria alternata represent emerging fungal pathogens on citrus in the Mediterranean basin. Selection of tolerant Citrus germplasm offers evaluable long-term solution and should be considered as promising alternative to limit synthetic fungicide application to manage Alternaria and Colletotrichum infections in Citrus groves. In this study, the high variability of pre-harvest disease symptoms among 37 Citrus accessions was investigated in Italy in the most representative Sicilian production districts covering 1500 ha and including 20 homogeneous areas over an eleven-year survey period (2010–2020). Early fruit drop, brown spot, and anthracnose on fruit and leaves, pre-harvest fruit drop, and twig blight and defoliation associated to Alternaria and Colletotrichum spp. were identified on oranges, mandarins, and lemons. Comprehensively, first extensive data obtained herein on field susceptibility within “Tarocco” blood orange group to above disease symptoms clearly indicate as “Tarocco Nucellare 57-1E-1,” “Tarocco Tapi,” “Tarocco Sant’Alfio,” and “Tarocco Catania” accessions should be preferred to remaining Tarocco ones. A broad degree of tolerance or susceptibility was also observed within other Citrus group as it happens for tolerant lemon “Femminello Zagara Bianca,” thus demonstrating a putative resource for further studies to employ in a breeding program for genetic improvement of Citrus.

Changes in physicochemical traits, peel colour, and juice attributes of four blood orange cultivars (‘Moro’, ‘Tarocco’, ‘Sanguinello’, and ‘Sanguine’) were evaluated during 180 days at 2 and 5 °C plus 2 days at 20 °C for shelf life. ‘Tarocco’ had the lowest weight and firmness losses at both temperatures during storage. Titratable acidity (TA) at 5 °C was higher than 2 °C, with ‘Sanguinello’ and ‘Tarocco’ showing the highest and lowest TA, respectively. Juice content decreased during storage at both temperatures, although ‘Sanguinello’ had the highest juice content among the tested cultivars. Peel colour parameters including L* (lightness), b*, hue angle (h°), and chroma (C*) decreased during cold storage, while a* and citrus colour index (CCI) increased in all cultivars at both temperatures. The order for CCI was ‘Tarocco’ > ‘Moro’ > ‘Sanguinello’ > ‘Sanguine’. Overall, prolonged storage at 5 °C was considered as optimum temperature for all cultivars, although ‘Sanguinello’ cultivar had a better aptitude for the citrus juice industry.

To obtain the compatibility of interstocks crossing with ‘Yuanxiaochun’, we performed a comparative analysis with five interstocks. From the 60th to 240th day after grafting, there was a significant difference between different treatments. All the new shoot/interstock diameter ratios were <1, indicating that there was no obvious phenomenon of small feet in ‘Yuanxiaochun’ seedlings of five kinds of interstocks. The density of ‘Yuanxiaochun’ was significantly different. Chl a, Chl b, T-Chl content of ‘Shiranuhi’, ‘Harumi’, ‘Tarocco’ changed greatly from the 90th to 120th day after grafting. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of ‘Shiranuhi’ was significantly higher than the other interstocks. In addition, when ‘Yuanxiaochun’ was grafted onto ‘Shiranuhi’, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and tanspiration rate (Tr) were higher. When ‘Harumi’ were used as the interstocks of ‘Yuanxiaochun’, the light saturation point (LSP) value was larger, which was conducive to the utilisation of strong light. Moreover, the value of LSP-LCP (LCP, light compensation point) of ‘Harumi’ and ‘Tarocco’ were significantly higher than the other three interstocks. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), RuBP maximum regeneration rate (Jmax) and maximum carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco (Vcmax) value of ‘Shiranuhi’ was significantly lower than that of ‘Ponkan’. The CO2 compensation point (CCP) of ‘Harumi’ interstock was lower, but the CO2 saturation point (CSP) of ‘Tarocco’ interstock was higher than those of other interstocks respectively. There was a small difference in initial fluorescence (F0) of different interstocks. The maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII in the dark (Fv/Fm) of ‘Kumquat’ was the lowest. In addition, Both Y(II) and ETR values of the ‘Yuanxiaochun’ leaves of ‘Ponkan’ interstock was the largest one. However, the non-photochemical quenching (qN) of ‘Ponkan’ was significantly lower, and that of ‘Tarocco’ interstock was the highest one. Interstocks have different effect on the growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics related to physiological characteristics of ‘Yuanxiaochun’ trees. ‘Ponkan’ and ‘Kumquat’ as the interstock of ‘Yuanxiaochun’ was more conducive to the rapid accumulation of photosynthetic products for normal vegetative and reproductive growth of plants.

`Washington Navel', `Biondo Comune', `Tarocco', and `Valencia Late' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Obsek] fruit, harvested at various periods of time, were subjected to ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation at 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 kJ·m-2 doses and then stored at 7 °C and 90% to 95% relative humidity (RH) for 4 weeks plus one additional week at 20 °C and 80% RH. Following UV-C treatment, there was varying amounts of rind browning and necrotic peel damage, depending on cultivar, treatment dose, and harvest date. `Tarocco' fruit were damaged more easily by UV-C treatment than the other cultivars. `Valencia L.' were the most resistant to UV-C irradiation, showing no adverse effects at the lowest dosage and having the lowest percentages of damaged fruit at higher dosages. `Washington Navel' and `Biondo Comune' oranges showed an intermediate susceptibility to UV-C treatment, with negligible differences between these cultivars. The percentage of damaged fruit after irradiation at the higher UV-C dosages decreased in most fruit samples as the season progressed. UV-C irradiation at 0.5 kJ·m-2 effectively reduced decay development compared with nontreated fruit. Irradiation with 1.5 kJ·m-2 was more effective compared with 0.5 kJ·m-2 only in early harvested fruit. In `Washington Navel' and `Biondo Comune' oranges in the later harvests, treatment with 3.0 kJ·m-2 improved decay control further, compared with 0.5 kJ·m-2. Following UV-C treatments the phytoalexins, scoparone and scopoletin, accumulated in flavedo tissue depending on the cultivar, fruit age, and UV-C treatment. Both phytoalexins displayed a similar accumulation pattern, however, the levels of scopoletin were very low compared with scoparone. Concentrations of phytoalexins rose as the irradiation dose increased. No scoparone and scopoletin could be detected in nontreated fruit. The highest concentration of phytoalexins among cultivars was recorded in `Valencia Late' oranges, the lowest in `Tarocco', with similar intermediate accumulations in `Washington Navel' and `Biondo Comune'. In `Washington Navel', `Biondo Comune', and `Tarocco' oranges, the rate of scoparone accumulation was significantly higher in fruit harvested earlier in the season while `Valencia late' oranges exhibited an opposite trend.

Despite the wide distribution of vein flecking of citrus leaves in Italy, psorosis bark scaling has been reported only on Navelina sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.), and Thompson and Washington navel oranges (1). Infection has not been found on any local sweet orange cultivars. Among these is Tarocco, a sweet orange cultivar that originated in Sicily, is very common because of the high fruit quality, has an attractive fruit appearance, and has blood-red pigmented flesh. In April 2001, classic psorosis bark scaling symptoms were observed on the main limbs of 10-year-old Tarocco trees grafted on sour orange rootstock, originally obtained by topworking Clementine (C. reticulata Blanco) trees with scions collected from 19-year-old Tarocco trees with no bark scaling at that time. The symptomatic trees first displayed one or two isolated circular patches of scales with gumming on the main or secondary limbs. As the disease progressed, the number of patches increased and coalesced to form bigger scales, resulting in bark flaking. Approximately 15% of trees in the field showed different stages of the disease. All of the affected trees showed vein flecking of young leaves. A leaf pattern was also present in a few plants without bark symptoms. Bark symptoms were correlated with the presence of Citrus psorosis virus (CPsV). Samples (110 representing 10% of the total number of trees in a field located in the area of Catania, Sicily) were collected during the spring flush using a W-pattern sampling method and tested by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (DAS-ELISA) (monoclonal antibody [MAb] PS29) (2). Of trees tested, 14% showed bark scaling, and 86% were symptomless. All symptomatic plants were tested and 70% of symptomless trees were positive based on DAS-ELISA. To confirm DAS-ELISA results, 10 field samples were also tested by bioassay on indicator plants (Navelina sweet orange ISA 315 and Pineapple sweet orange), triple-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (TAS-ELISA), and immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM) with a different antiserum (MAb 13C5). DAS-ELISA-positive samples produced vein flecking on indicator plants, were positive based on TAS-ELISA, and contained typical CPsV particles based on ISEM (R. G. Milne, IFA, CNR, Turin). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of psorosis bark scaling reaction of Tarocco sweet orange due to CPsV infection. References: (1) A. Catara et al. Proc. Int. Soc. Citri. 1:426, 1981. (2) M. Tessitori et al. Proc. 15th Conf. IOCV, IOCV, Riverside. In press.

Der Tarotgarten (Giardino dei Tarocchi) der Niki de Saint Phalle ist ein zwei Hektar großer Park in der südlichen Toskana. Hier stehen 22 Skulpturen, die die Figuren der 22 Großen Arkana der Tarotkarten repräsentieren Die Skulpturen sind sehr farbenfroh und von unzähligen Keramikkacheln oder kleinen Spiegeln überzogen. Die größte Figur, die Herrscherin, ist innen begehbar. Hier hat Niki de Saint Phalle einige Jahre lang gelebt und gearbeitet. Der Garten mit seinen auffälligsten Skulpturenwird vorgestellt.

In Citrus, flower induction represents the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. The regulation of flower induction is mainly triggered by exposure to low temperatures and water-deficit stress, which activates the signaling cascade leading to an increased expression of the citrus orthologs of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (CiFT). In this study, the relationship between rootstock and flower induction under Mediterranean field conditions was investigated by monitoring the expression levels of the floral promoter CiFT2 in leaves of the pigmented sweet orange “Tarocco Scirè” grafted onto “C35” citrange and “Swingle” citrumelo rootstocks. The latter two are known to confer, respectively, high and low yield efficiency to the scion. In both rootstock/scion combinations, CiFT2 showed a seasonal expression with a peak during the inductive period in January triggered by cold temperature. The “Tarocco Scirè”/”C35” citrange combination showed the highest expression levels for CiFT2; this increased expression was correlated with yield and a higher number of flowers in the following spring, suggesting a significant effect of rootstocks on flower induction mediated by the overexpression of the CiFT2 gene.

O presente trabalho tem como principal objectivo o desenvolvimento de um elemento tridimensional digital do Mosteiro de São João de Tarouca (Tarouca, Viseu; Portugal). A reconstrução tridimensional do mosteiro tem como objectivo a especulação de um imponente conjunto arquitectónico, cujo valor histórico marca o início da Ordem de Cister em Portugal. A partir de uma vasta análise bibliográfica foi possível reunir e compilar informação neste trabalho que proporciona num só documento um melhor entendimento do complexo monástico e as suas relações. Este estudo tornou possível o desenvolvimento do modelo hipotético do mosteiro; ABSTRACT: The present work has as main objective the development of a digital threedimensional element of the Monastery of São João de Tarouca (Tarouca, Viseu, Portugal). The three-dimensional reconstruction of the Monastery, aims to speculation of an impressive architectural ensemble, whose historic value marks the beginning of the Cistercian Order in Portugal. From an extensive literature review was possible to gather and compile information in this work that provides in a single document a better understanding of the monastic complex and their relationships. This study made possible the development of the hypothetical model of the Monastery.

Pretende-se interpretar a organização espacial do desenvolvimento ao nível local, observando de que modo se estão a alterar as estruturas económicas, demográficas, e os modos de vida, num concelho do Douro Sul: Tarouca. A análise inclui o papel que as associações e o poder local/regional podem desempenhar, se articulados entre si, num processo de desenvolvimento.

Pretende-se interpretar a organização espacial do desenvolvimento ao nível local, observando de que modo se estão a alterar as estruturas económicas, demográficas, e os modos de vida, num concelho do Douro Sul: Tarouca. A análise inclui o papel que as associações e o poder local/regional podem desempenhar, se articulados entre si, num processo de desenvolvimento.

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão do Território, área de especialização em Detecção Remota e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica.
A determinação de áreas susceptíveis à erosão hídrica é fundamental na tomada de decisões que envolvam actividades relacionadas com o uso do solo, nomeadamente actividades agrícolas. Estas decisões passam por medidas que podem ser preventivas, no sentido de se evitar a perda de solo através da implementação de medidas futuras, ou reactivas quando se obtém a perda de solo real, resultados que permitem a actuação imediata sobre o território na minimização dessa perda. Esta avaliação deve contemplar todos os factores que intervêm neste processo (e.g. características do solo, precipitação, uso e coberto do solo). Sendo o Concelho de Tarouca (área de estudo) uma área com elevada dependência agrícola, é fundamental a preservação do solo, evidenciando-se aqui, o reconhecimento das áreas mais susceptíveis à erosão hídrica. Neste sentido, recorreu-se à Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS) para determinar a erosão potencial e real nesta área, sendo necessário nestes procedimentos, o recurso à Detecção Remota (DR) e aos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), por um lado na determinação da ocupação do solo a partir de imagens de satélite e, por outro, no cálculo de todos os factores considerados pela Equação. Das imagens de satélite obteve-se, essencialmente, índices de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI), informação utilizada como complemento da cartografia de ocupação do solo disponível. Analisaram-se dados de precipitação das estações meteorológicas localizadas na área de estudo e no seu redor, na percepção da sua distribuição temporal e espacial. Parte destes dados integraram a avaliação da erosão através da EUPS. Os resultados aqui obtidos permitiram aferir as áreas mais susceptíveis à erosão hídrica, destacando-se a influência de vários factores, como o relevo, precipitação, características químicas e físicas do solo, o seu coberto e práticas nele desenvolvidas, na variação da distribuição da erosão potencial e real.

[ES] La citricultura se enfrenta a escenarios ambientales cambiantes que provocan diferentes estreses bióticos y abióticos que pueden dificultar la producción o afectar a la calidad de la fruta. El patrón sobre el cual se injerta una variedad específica es una importante herramienta para mejorar su adaptabilidad a cada área de cultivo. En la presente Tesis se realiza el estudio del efecto del patrón sobre la calidad físico-química y nutricional de la fruta en variedades de gran interés comercial en la actualidad, mandarinas 'Clemenules' y 'Tango' y naranjas sanguinas 'Tarocco Rosso' y 'Moro'. En 'Clemenules' se llevó a cabo la evaluación de la calidad de la fruta de árboles injertados sobre ocho patrones en tres momentos de cosecha durante dos campañas. Los patrones Forner-Alcaide 13 y C-35 destacaron por adelantar el cambio de color, lo que es de gran interés comercial. Por otra parte, Forner-Alcaide V17 destacó por mantener niveles óptimos de acidez hasta el final de la campaña y presentar el mayor contenido en vitamina C, flavonoides, glucosa y fructosa. Carrizo Citrange también indujo altas concentraciones de sacarosa y vitamina C. 'Tango' es una mandarina de reciente introducción en el área mediterránea de gran interés por su periodo de recolección tardío. En esta Tesis se abordó el estudio de los cambios en la calidad fisicoquímica, nutricional y sensorial de la mandarina 'Tango' injertada sobre dos patrones (Carrizo Citrange y Forner-Alcaide 5) en las dos áreas principales de producción de Andalucía. Los resultados revelaron que la calidad de la fruta se vio influenciada por la localización de las parcelas, lo que se relacionó con la composición de la textura del suelo. En ambas localizaciones, Forner-Alcaide 5 indujo mayor contenido en acidez, sólidos solubles totales, sacarosa, vitamina C y ácido cítrico en la fruta. Las determinaciones físico-químicas, junto con la evaluación sensorial permitieron establecer el momento óptimo de recolección dependiendo de las diferentes condiciones estudiadas. También se ha incluido un estudio del comportamiento postcosecha de esta variedad, ya que no existían datos en nuestras condiciones de cultivo. La mandarina 'Tango' presentó síntomas externos de daños por frío a partir de los 20 días almacenada a 1°C y 5°C. Se realizó un estudio micro-estructural para caracterizar la alteración. Los frutos del patrón Forner-Alcaide 5 presentaron una menor incidencia de los daños por frío. El almacenamiento a 9°C no comprometió la calidad externa o interna. Dentro del grupo de naranjas, en los últimos años existe una creciente demanda por las naranjas sanguinas para su consumo en fresco. Para evaluar el efecto del patrón se tomaron las variedades 'Moro' y 'Tarocco Rosso' injertadas sobre ocho patrones. La calidad interna se vio afectada por el momento de cosecha, siendo más evidente en 'Moro'. En ambas variedades el patrón afectó a los parámetros de calidad durante la maduración. En 'Moro', se observó una reducción en el color del zumo debido a la degradación de los antocianos, siendo los patrones C-35, Macrophylla y Volkameriana los que mostraron un mayor descenso. Esta degradación se relacionó con los cambio de la temperatura durante el periodo de recolección. En 'Tarocco Rosso' no se evidenció ninguna degradación, lo que sugiere que esta variedad es menos sensible a los cambios de temperatura. En esta variedad Forner-Alcaide 5 y Forner-Alcaide 13 produjeron fruta con mayor contenido en antocianos y azúcares. Además se llevó a cabo el estudio de la aptitud a la frigoconservación de las variedades de sanguinas 'Tarocco Rosso' y 'Sanguinelli'. Mientras que la calidad interna no se vio afectada por el almacenamiento (1°C, 5°C y 9°C) durante 45 días, la fruta presentó síntomas de daños por frío a 1°C. 'Sanguinelli' presentó mayor incidencia que 'Tarocco Rosso'. Estas sanguinas se pueden almacenar entre 5 y 9°C
[CA] La citricultura s'enfronta constantment a escenaris ambientals canviants que provoquen diferents estressos biòtics i abiòtics. El patró sobre el qual s'empelta una varietat específica és una important eina per a millorar la seua adaptabilitat agronòmica en cada àrea de cultiu. En la present Tesi s'ha dut a terme l'estudi de l'efecte del patró sobre la qualitat físic-química i nutricional de la fruita en varietats de gran interés comercial, mandarines 'Clemenules' i 'Tango' i, taronges sanguines 'Tarocco Rosso' i 'Moro'. En 'Clemenules' es va dur a terme l'avaluació de la qualitat de la fruita d'arbres empeltats sobre huit patrons en tres moments de collita, en dues campanyes. Entre els patrons avaluats, Forner-Alcaide 13 i C-35 van destacar per avançar el canvi de color. D'altra banda Forner-Alcaide V17 va destacar per mantindre nivells òptims d'acidesa fins al final de la campanya i va presentar el major contingut en vitamina C, flavonoides, glucosa i fructosa. Carrizo Citrange també va induir altes concentracions de sacarosa i vitamina C en la fruita. 'Tango' és una mandarina de recent introducció en l'àrea mediterrània amb gran interés pel seu període de recol·lecció que comença quan finalitza el de les clementines. En la present Tesi es van estudiar els canvis en la qualitat físic-química, nutricional i sensorial de la mandarina Tango empeltada sobre dos patrons (Carrizo Citrange i Forner-Alcaide 5) durant el període de collita en les dues àrees principals de producció d'Andalusia. La qualitat de la fruita es va veure influenciada per la localització, la qual cosa es va relacionar amb la composició de la textura del sòl. En totes dues localitzacions, Forner-Alcaide 5 va ser el patró que va induir major contingut en acidesa, sòlids solubles totals, sacarosa, vitamina C i àcid cítric en la fruita. Les determinacions físic-químiques i l'avaluació sensorial van permetre establir el moment òptim de recol·lecció depenent de les diferents condicions estudiades. També s'ha inclòs un estudi del comportament postcollita d'aquesta varietat, ja que no existien dades en les nostres condicions de cultiu. La mandarina 'Tango' va presentar símptomes externs de danys per fred a partir dels 20 dies emmagatzemada a 1°C i 5°C. Es va realitzar un estudi micro-estructural per a caracteritzar l'alteració provocada per les baixes temperatures. Els fruits del patró Forner-Alcaide 5 van presentar una menor incidència dels danys per fred. L'emmagatzematge a 9°C no va comprometre la qualitat externa o interna d'aquesta varietat. Dins del grup de taronges, en els últims anys existeix una creixent demanda per les taronges sanguines pel seu consum en fresc. Per a avaluar l'efecte del patró sobre sanguines es van prendre dues varietats, 'Moro' i 'Tarocco Rosso' empeltades sobre huit patrons. La qualitat interna es va veure influenciada pel moment de collita, la qual cosa va ser més evident en la varietat 'Moro'. En totes dues varietats el patró va afectar els canvis en els paràmetres de qualitat estudiats. En 'Moro', es va observar una reducció en el color del suc degut a la degradació del antocians. Aquesta degradació es va relacionar amb el canvi de la temperatura experimentada durant el període de recol·lecció. 'Tarocco Rosso' és menys sensible als canvis de temperatura. En aquesta varietat els patrons Forner-Alcaide 5 i Forner-Alcaide 13 van produir la fruita amb major contingut en antocianos i sucres. A mes s'aporta l'estudi de l'aptitud a la frigoconservació en les sanguines 'Tarocco Rosso' i 'Sanguinelli'. Mentre que la qualitat interna no es va veure afectada per l'emmagatzematge a cap de les temperatures assajades (1°C, 5°C i 9°C) durant 45 dies, la fruita va presentar símptomes de danys per fred a 1°C. `Sanguinelli' va presentar major incidència que 'Tarocco Rosso'. La fruita es pot emmagatzemar entre 5°C i 9°C durant 30 dies en el cas de 'Sanguinelli' i fins a 45 en e
[EN] Citriculture faces changing environmental scenarios that cause biotic and abiotic stress. The rootstock onto which a specific variety is grafted is an important tool to help to improve its agronomic adaptability to each crop area. The present Thesis was carried out to study the effect of rootstock on physico-chemical and nutritional fruit quality in some varieties of commercial interest today: 'Clemenules' and 'Tango' mandarins, and 'Tarocco Rosso' and 'Moro' blood oranges. In 'Clemenules', the fruit of the trees grafted into eight rootstocks at three harvest times was evaluated by performing studies during two seasons. Forner-Alcaide 13 and C-35 Citrange stood out for their earlier color change, which is very interesting for this variety, in which early harvesting is a relevant aspect from the commercial point of view. Forner-Alcaide V17 stood out for maintaining optimum acidity levels until the season ended and presented the highest contents in vitamin C, flavonoids, glucose and fructose. Carrizo Citrange brought about high concentrations of sucrose and vitamin C in fruit. 'Tango' is a mandarin variety that has been recently introduced into the Mediterranean Region. Its harvest time is very interesting because it starts when that of clementines ends. The present Thesis studies changes in the physico-chemical, nutritional and sensorial quality of 'Tango' fruit grafted onto two rootstocks (Carrizo Citrange and Forner-Alcaide 5) during the harvest period in the two main production areas in Andalusia. The results revealed that fruit quality during harvest was influenced by the location, which was particularly related to soil texture composition. In both areas, Forner-Alcaide 5 was the rootstock that induced higher acidity content, and more total soluble solids, sucrose, vitamin C and citric acid in fruit. The physico-chemical determinations, along with the sensorial evaluation, allowed the optimum harvest time to be established depending on the different studied conditions. This Thesis also includes a study about this variety's postharvest behavior as no data are available for our crop conditions. The 'Tango' mandarin presented outer chilling injury symptoms after being stored for 20 days at 1°C and 5°C. A microstructural study was done to characterize the alteration caused by low temperatures. The Forner-Alcaide 5 rootstock fruit showed a lower chilling injury incidence. Storage at 9°C did not compromise quality fruit. Among oranges, demand for blood oranges to be eaten fresh has grown in recent years, basically due to their high content in anthocyanins and their positive effect for human health. To assess the effect that rootstock had on blood oranges, two varieties were taken, 'Moro' and 'Tarocco Rosso', grafted onto eight rootstocks. Internal quality was strongly influenced by harvest time, which was more evident for 'Moro'. In both varieties, rootstock affected changes in the quality parameter studied. In 'Moro', juice color faded as anthocyanins degraded, and rootstocks C-35 Citrange, Macrophylla and Volkameriana showed the most marked reduction. Such anthocyanin degradation was related to the change in temperature that took place during the harvest period. In 'Tarocco Rosso', anthocyanins did not undergo degradation, which suggests that this variety is less sensitive to changes in temperature. In this variety, rootstocks Forner-Alcaide 5 and Forner-Alcaide 13 gave fruit with a higher content of anthocyanins and sugars. This Thesis also includes a study of the suitability of cold storage of two blood orange varieties: 'Tarocco Rosso' and 'Sanguinelli'. Although storage at any tested temperature (1°C, 5°C and 9°C) did not affect internal quality for 45 days, fruit displayed chilling injury symptoms at 1°C, with a higher incidence for 'Sanguinelli' than for 'Tarocco Rosso'. Fruit can be stored between 5°C and 9°C for 30 days for 'Sanguinelli' and for up to 45 days with 'Tarocco Rosso'.
This study has been supported by Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias and co-financed by FEDER and European Social Fund. The authors thank Anecoop S. Coop. and Frutaria Agricultura, S.L for supplying the fruit herein used and its technical support.
Morales Alfaro, J. (2021). Effect of Rootstock on the Fruit Quality of Mandarins "Clemenules" and "Tango", and Blood Oranges "Tarocco Rosso" and "Moro" [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165858
TESIS

Art History
M.A.
Heinrich Aldegrever (1502-1555) was a highly skilled and innovative printmaker working around the area of Westphalia during the sixteenth century. He used complex systems of allegory and adapted established visual codes, such as those of traditional heraldry, to engage his audience to unpack the meaning of his work and set himself apart from his contemporaries. However, due to Aldegrever’s stylistic similarities to both Albrecht Dürer and the so-called German ‘Little Masters’ working in Nuremberg, his prints are often given the short shrift by modern historians, who have considered his images unoriginal or derivative. Through a close study of Aldegrever's 1552 series of engravings depicting the Christian Virtues and Vices, this paper rectifies this scholarly oversight and attempts to restore Aldegrever's place among the great masters of the printed image in the generation immediately following Dürer. As this subject matter of Virtues and Vices was popular among printmakers and their targeted audiences, I compare Aldegrever’s series with similar works from his immediate predecessors and contemporaries to show that his Virtues and Vices are, in fact, more innovative than previously thought in their invocation of ancient texts and complex iconographic twists, and worthy of scholarly discussion on their own terms for values of effective marketability and artistic imitation.
Temple University--Theses

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Este estudo foi realizado com os seguintes objetivos: a) compreender a ocorrência de Babesiose Canina (BC) e Leishmaniose Canina (LCan) nos cães nos concelhos de Lamego, Tarouca e Peso da Régua; b) avaliar o risco de contacto dos cães com os vetores; c) analisar as medidas profiláticas instituídas nos animais amostrados. Para obtermos informação sobre as características da vida dos animais foi realizado um inquérito aos proprietários dos animais. Ao todo foram preenchidos 60 inquéritos (1 por animal). A amostra de 60 animais foi constituída por 32 cães diagnosticados com BC e 28 cães que foram submetidos a diagnóstico, rastreio ou avaliação do controlo de LCan. Relativamente aos animais amostrados para BC, verificámos que 100% dos animais foram positivos a Babesia spp, enquanto 60,7% dos cães amostrados para LCan foram positivos para Leishmania sp. O diagnóstico de BC foi realizado através da visualização de formas intraeritrocitárias de Babesia spp. no esfregaço sanguíneo dos 32 animais. Os testes utilizados para diagnóstico, rastreio e controlo de LCan variaram entre o método de ELISA e um teste imunocromatográfico. O teste de ELISA foi utilizado em 71,4% da população amostrada ao passo que o teste imunocromatográfico foi empregue em 28,6% dos cães. Relativamente às duas doenças estudadas verificámos que 56,3% dos animais amostrados para BC eram provenientes do concelho de Lamego, ao passo que 42,9% dos animais estudados para LCan pertenciam ao concelho do Peso da Régua. O estudo decorreu entre o dia 5 de setembro de 2016 e 28 de fevereiro de 2017, e verificámos que novembro de 2016 foi o mês em que se realizaram mais diagnósticos de BC, enquanto fevereiro de 2017 foi o mês em que se realizaram mais testes para diagnóstico, rastreio ou controlo de LCan. Alguns dos factores estudados para avaliar o risco de contacto com os vetores das respetivas doenças foram: a aptidão do animal, local onde dormem, convivência com cães diagnosticados com BC e LCan, acesso ao exterior das habitações, entre outros. Para análise da profilaxia dos animais comparámos a frequência utilizada com a recomendada pelo fabricante dos respetivos produtos. Assim dos 32 animais amostrados para Babesiose Canina verificámos que nenhum dos animais estava corretamente desparasitado, ao passo que apenas 39,3% dos animais testados para LCan apresentavam proteção correta para ectoparasitas.
ABSTRACT - Babesiosis and Leishmaniaosis study in domestic canids from the counties of Lamego, Tarouca and Peso da Régua, Portugal. - This study was accomplished based on the following goals: a) understand the occurrence of Canine Babesiosis (CB) and Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) in domestic canids from the counties of Lamego, Tarouca and Peso da Régua; b) assess the risk of contact with the vectors; c) to analyse the prophylactic measures established in the sampled animals. In order to obtain information about the characteristics of the animals’ life, a survey was performed with the dog owners, resulting in 60 fulfilled inquiries, one per animal. This sample was constituted by 32 canids diagnosed with CB and 28 canids subbmited to a CanL diagnosis, survey and control assessment. Concerning the animals sampled for CB, we verified that 100% of the animals were positive to Babesia spp, while 60.7% of the dogs sampled to CanL were positive for Leishmania sp.. The CB diagnosis was performed using visualisation of intra-erythrocyte forms of Babesia spp. in the blood smear of the 32 animals. The tests used for the CanL diagnosis, survey and control assessment varied between the ELISA’s method and an immunochromatographic test. The first was used in 71,4% of the samples population and the second in 28,6% of the canids. Regarding the two studied diseases, we found that 56,3% of the CB samples animals originated from the county of Lamego whilst 42,9% of the CanL sampled animals belonged to the Peso da Régua county. The study was conducted between 5th September 2016 and 28th February 2017, and we verified that November 2016 was the month with more CB diagnosis, while February 2017 was the month in which more CanL diagnosis tests, survey and control assessment were performed. Some of the factors studied to assess the risk of contact with the vectors concerning these diseases were: the aptitude of the animal, the place where they slept, the coexistence with canids diagnosed with CB and CanL, the access to the outside of dwellings, among others. After analysing the animals prophylaxis, we compared the frequency used with the one recommended by the manufacturers of the respective products. Thus, among the 32 canine Babesiosis sampled animals we verified that none of those animals were properly dewormed, whilst only 39,3% of the CanL tested animals showed a correct protection regarding ectoparasites.
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