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1
Vassilenko, Ekaterina, Mathew Watkins, Stephen Chastain, et al. "Domestic laundry and microfiber pollution: Exploring fiber shedding from consumer apparel textiles." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0250346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250346.
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Synthetic fibers are increasingly seen to dominate microplastic pollution profiles in aquatic environments, with evidence pointing to textiles as a potentially important source. However, the loss of microfibers from textiles during laundry is poorly understood. We evaluated microfiber release from a variety of synthetic and natural consumer apparel textile samples (n = 37), with different material types, constructions, and treatments during five consecutive domestic laundry cycles. Microfiber loss ranged from 9.6 mg to 1,240 mg kg-1 of textile per wash, or an estimated 8,809 to > 6,877,000 microfibers. Mechanically-treated polyester samples, dominated by fleeces and jerseys, released six times more microfibers (161 ± 173 mg kg-1 per wash) than did nylon samples with woven construction and filamentous yarns (27 ± 14 mg kg-1 per wash). Fiber shedding was positively correlated with fabric thickness for nylon and polyester. Interestingly, cotton and wool textiles also shed large amounts of microfibers (165 ± 44 mg kg-1 per wash). The similarity between the average width of textile fibers here (12.4 ± 4.5 μm) and those found in ocean samples provides support for the notion that home laundry is an important source of microfiber pollution. Evaluation of two marketed laundry lint traps provided insight into intervention options for the home, with retention of up to 90% for polyester fibers and 46% for nylon fibers. Our observation of a > 850-fold difference in the number of microfibers lost between low and high shedding textiles illustrates the strong potential for intervention, including more sustainable clothing design.
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Lin, Jia Horng, Chen Hung Huang, Yu Chun Chuang, Ying Huei Shih, Ching Wen Lin, and Ching Wen Lou. "Property Evaluation of Sound-Absorbent Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Polypropylene Nonwoven Selvages." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.855.
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The rapid development of textile industry at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution results in the invention of synthetic fibers. As synthetic fibers cannot be decomposed naturally, significant textile waste is thus created. Selvages, which make up the majority of our total garbage output, have a low value and thus are usually sold cheaply or outsourced as textile waste. This study aims to recycle and reclaim the nonwoven selvages which are discarded by the textile industry. The recycled polypropylene (PP) selvages, serving as a packing material, and 6 denier PP staple fibers are made into the recycled PP nonwoven fabrics. The resulting nonwoven fabrics are subsequently tested in terms of maximum tensile breaking strength, tearing strength, surface observation, thickness measurement and sound absorption coefficient.
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Cao, Jing, and Suraj Sharma. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Anticounterfeiting Innovative Fibers." ISRN Textiles 2013 (June 23, 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/649407.
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Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has gained increased attention for the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of textile and polymer products. Many NIR instruments have been commercialized to identify the natural and synthetic fibers; however, there is a strong need to have NIR database of these high-performance fibers to detect contraband textile materials rapidly and quantitatively. In this study, NIR spectra of PLA, Kevlar, Spandex and Sorona woven fabrics were collected and studied by several calibration models to identify the fibers. The results indicated that these four innovative fibers had been successfully distinguished by their NIR spectra in combination with preprocessing of 1/X transformation, SNV, and 2nd Savitzky-Golay derivative as well as principal-component-analysis (PCA-) based chemometric methods. Our promising results suggest that NIR spectroscopy is an effective technique to anticounterfeit innovative fibers.
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Vega Gutierrez, Sarath M., Yujuan He, Yu Cao, et al. "Feasibility and Surface Evaluation of the Pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum for Inkjet Printing on Textiles." Coatings 9, no. 4 (2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040266.
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Textile inkjet printing is an increasingly popular process in the textile industry, as it allows for the incorporation of complex and detailed patterns onto fabrics, as well as the production of small and medium volumes of printed text. Unfortunately, most of the dyes used by the textile industry come from synthetic and/or non-renewable sources. There has been some research to date in using fungal pigments from wood rotting fungi (‘spalting’ fungi) as textile dyes, however these have never been tested in inkjet printing. Of particular interest is the red crystallizing pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum, which has previously shown exceptional stability on textiles. To test this pigment in an inkjet setting, cotton and polyester fabrics were printed with three different ink formulations involving the red pigment: hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), ethanol, and acetone. The CTAB and ethanol-based ink formulations formed a ‘mesh-like’ structure on the surface of the cotton and polyester fibers, and turned the fabric purple. Acetone formulas formed crystal structures on the surface and turned the fabric red. These results show promise for turning the red pigment of S. cuboideum into an environmentally friendly, inkjet colorant, however further research is required to evaluate the crocking and explain the crystallization differences between inks.
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Lin, Jia Horng, Shih Yu Huang, Hui Yu Yang, Ching Wen Lin, Jin Mao Chen, and Ching Wen Lou. "Manufacturing Technique and Property Evaluation of Cotton/Polyester/ Rubber Composite Warp Knit." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.302.
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Cotton fiber is a type of natural fibers. Using natural fibers to fabricate textile can not only decrease the consumption of synthetic fibers, but also reduce the environmental pollution. This study aims to fabricate elastic knitted fabrics and evaluate their properties. Polyester (PET) filaments and rubber threads serve as the warp while cotton yarn serves as the weft for warp knitting. A crochet machine makes the warp and weft into warp knits with desirable stretchability, during which the amount (single/double) and the ply number (1-, 2-, and 3-ply) of the weft are further varied. The resulting warp knits are evaluated for water absorption, air permeability, and mechanical properties. As demonstrated by the experimental results, the warp knits with single 1-ply weft (S1) yield an optimal air permeability of 224.6 cm3/cm2/s and stiffness along the warp direction of 4.74cm. The warp knits with single 2-ply weft (S2) display an optimal tearing strength of 86N while the warp knits with double 3-ply weft (D3/3) has an optimal tensile strength of 708N.
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Kyzas, George, Evi Christodoulou, and Dimitrios Bikiaris. "Basic Dye Removal with Sorption onto Low-Cost Natural Textile Fibers." Processes 6, no. 9 (2018): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6090166.
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Over the last several years, the trend of researchers has been to use some very low-cost materials as adsorbents. For this purpose, some already commercially used bast fibers were selected as potential adsorbent materials to remove basic dye from synthetic effluents. The adsorption of basic yellow 37 dye was studied using three different bast fibers under the names of flax, ramie, and kenaf. Their morphological structure was examined using several techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystallinity, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as those characterizations being a useful tool to propose a mechanism of the whole adsorption process. The adsorption evaluation was achieved by studying at first the pH (12) and temperature effects (25–55 °C). Two isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) were also applied to the experimental equilibrium data revealing the superiority of ramie fibers (327, 435, and 460 mg·g−1 (25 °C) for kenaf, flax, and ramie, respectively). The crucial adsorbent’s dosage was found to be 0.1 g per litre for all fibers, while the completed desorption study (eluant’s pH and reuse cycles) also confirmed the strong potential of these kinds of fibers as adsorbents. The latter may be attributed to the cellulosic content.
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Textor, Torsten, Leonie Derksen, Thomas Bahners, Jochen S. Gutmann, and Thomas Mayer-Gall. "Abrasion resistance of textiles: Gaining insight into the damaging mechanisms of different test procedures." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501982948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019829481.
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Three established test methods employed for evaluating the abrasion or wear resistance of textile materials were compared to gain deeper insight into the specific damaging mechanisms to better understand a possible comparability of the results of the different tests. The knowledge of these mechanisms is necessary for a systematic development of finishing agents improving the wear resistance of textiles. Martindale, Schopper, and Einlehner tests were used to analyze two different fabrics made of natural (cotton) or synthetic (polyethylene terephthalate) fibers, respectively. Samples were investigated by digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to visualize the damage. Damage symptoms are compared and discussed with respect to differences in the damaging mechanisms.
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Azrin Hani Abdul, Rashid, Ahmad Roslan, Mariatti Jaafar, Mohd Nazrul Roslan, and Saparudin Ariffin. "Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Woven Coir and Kevlar Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Advanced Materials Research 277 (July 2011): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.277.36.
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The utilization of coconut fibers as reinforcement in polymer composites has been increase significantly due to their low cost and high specification of mechanical properties. Whereas kevlar fibers has widely used as the core material in flexible body armors due to its great mechanical properties, such as high strength, light weight, good chemical resistance and thermal stability. The research work is concerned with the evaluation of high speed impact and flexural test of hybrid textile reinforced epoxy composites. Samples were prepared from coir yarn, kevlar yarn, interlaced of coir and kevlar yarn with different warp/weft orientation and pure epoxy as control specimen. The woven samples were produced using handloom and the composites specimens were prepared using hand lay-up technique. From the results obtained, it was found that woven kevlar composites samples displayed the highest impact properties while it exhibits the lowest flexural properties. Results also showed that the composite plate for woven coir yarn (warp) and kevlar yarn (weft) has the flexural strength and impact strength of 17 MPa and 67 kJ/m², which presented as the nearest properties to woven Kevlar composite respectively. These results indicate that coir as a natural fiber can be used as a potential reinforcing material for high impact resistance such as body armors in order to reduce the usage of synthetic materials whilst utilizing the natural resources.
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Hofmann, Marcel, Dirk Wenzel, Bernd Gulich, Heike Illing-Günther, and Daisy Nestler. "Development of Nonwoven Preforms Made of Pure Recycled Carbon Fibres (rCF) for Applications of Composite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.555.
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For the development of an efficient and economic recycling process of carbon fibers (CF) still many technological challenges have to be mastered. One of them is the removal of all extraneous natural and synthetic fibres, e.g. polyester sewing threads. The objective of the research was to develop an in-line process for the removal of those extraneous fibres, which result from mechanical processes such as tearing. A promising approach for the removal of extraneous fibres from cut-off carbon-fibre material (CF) has been identified, getting recycled carbon fibres (rCF). For that purpose, the use of modern laser technologies is particularly promising. However, the focus was not the development of new laser systems, but the adaptation of existing technologies and their integration into textile processing steps for carbon fibre recycling. In addition to the removal of the extraneous fibres, the degree of CF losses and quality degradation due to fibre damage have been analysed and compared with optimum fibre characteristics. The separation has been experimented and corresponding laser parameters have been defined. Finally, the obtained carbon-fibre material has been tested with regard to its processability in textile manufacturing processes (dry non-woven fabric production) up to carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP). For the evaluation of the material for potential applications, test plates from irradiated and non-irradiated material have been used. The performed tensile and flexural tests have proved that the irradiated material has similar properties compared to the non-exposed one.
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Sacchi, Maria Carolina Garcia Peixoto, João Paulo Pereira Marcicano, and Fernando Barros de Vasconcelos. "Biodegradable Polyamide 6.6 for Textile Application." Journal of Management and Sustainability 11, no. 2 (2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v11n2p100.
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The study evaluates comparatively some physical and chemical properties of polyamide 6.6 standard and biodegradable. It also evaluates the period of biodegradation of the biodegradable yarn sample and standard sample. The physical properties analyzed were tensile strength, elongation, and tenacity. The chemical properties were related to the behavior of the samples in dyeing and the evaluation of subsequent strength dyeing. The evaluated samples were taken from knitwear produced with polyamide textured filament yarn 80 dtex f 68x1, standard and biodegradable, being purged, bleached, and dyed. The results of the physical tests, although statistically different, have values very near the average, which in practice represent acceptable values within the statistical control process. Both standard and biodegradable samples had the same chemical behavior and there is no difference. Concerning to biodegradation time under laboratory conditions, the carbon dioxide produced by the samples was monitored and measured to determine the percentage of biodegradation according to ASTM D 5511. After 735 days the percentage of biodegradation of the biodegradable yarn was 81.7% and of the normal yarn was 5.2%. This is an expressive gain in ecological terms for synthetic fiber.
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Albini, Giulia, Valentina Brunella, Bartolomeo Placenza, Brunetto Martorana, and Vito Guido Lambertini. "Comparative study of mechanical characteristics of recycled PET fibres for automobile seat cover application." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 6 (2018): 992–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717750887.
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Polyethylene terephthalate is a thermoplastic polymer with a wide range of uses, including synthetic fibres and containers for beverages and other liquids. Recycling plastics reduces the amount of energy and natural resources needed to create virgin plastics. Polyethylene terephthalate containers and bottles are collected and then broken down into small flakes used to produce new products such as textile fibres. Thermo-mechanical degradation may happen during the recycling process and presence of contaminants affects the final product characteristics. Two kinds of recycled polyethylene terephthalate fibres were used for fabrics production: post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fibres and a blend of post-consumer and post-industrial polyethylene terephthalate fibres. Focusing on knitted and flat-woven textile structures, main mechanical properties of the fabrics were assessed by various tests, like tensile strength test and wear resistance test. A comparative study with the current production of virgin polyethylene terephthalate fabrics was useful to evaluate high standards accordance for automotive field. Both knitted and flat-woven recycled polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had excellent performance after mechanical tests. Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had the best results, especially after wear resistance test. These results allow an evaluation of their applications.
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Telegin, Felix, Irina Shushina, Jian Hua Ran, Yulia Biba, Aleksandr Mikhaylov, and Viktoriia Priazhnikova. "Structure – Property Relationships for Dyes of Different Nature." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.488.
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Systematic analysis of quantitative structure – property relationships for dyes of different nature has been reviewed. On the basis of the experimental results published in the literature and theoretical evaluation of amphiphilic and electrophilic properties of dyes of different nature several basic conclusions of scientific and practical importance are proposed. It was found that water/octanol partition coefficients exhibit correlation with dye partition between hydrophobic synthetic fibres and dyebath as well as dye affinity. Hydrophobicity of dyes controls several technical properties of dyes and dyeings, such as wash fastness and light fastness, migration factor, rate of dyeing and fixation rate. Energy of frontier electronic orbitals (HOMO and LUMO energies) correlates with different properties characterizing redox properties of dyes: oxidative and reductive destruction in chemical reactions, photochemical and biochemical destruction of dyes, wash and light fastness of dyeings. The results of this study are useful for physico-chemical analysis of dye sorption by textile fibres, destruction of dyes in polymers and solutions as well as for design of new dyes of high quality.
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Hayashi, Seishu, and Yoshihisa Danmoto. "High-Tech Synthetic Fibers for Textile." Kobunshi 42, no. 8 (1993): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.42.660.
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Sehpenganti, Sehpenganti. "RUANG SEBAGAI SUMBER IDE PENCIPTAAN SENI LUKIS KESENJANGAN WILAYAH." IKONIK : Jurnal Seni dan Desain 2, no. 2 (2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51804/ijsd.v2i2.738.
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Penciptaan karya seni kriya ini merepresentasikan tentang fenomena kerusakan alam yang mengakibatkan hampir punahnya habitat bunga rafflesia arnoldi . Buna rafflesia arnoldi sebagai inspirasi penciptaan karya seni serat memiliki beberapa keunikan dan kelebihan, Ide dasar penciptaan berangkat dari pesona visual yang indah, Bunga rafflesia arnoldii sebagai tumbuhan endemik dipulau sumatra khusunya di kota Bengkulu. Bunga rafflesia arnoldii dikenal tidak memiliki daun sehingga tidak mampu melakukan fotosintesis sendiri, maka untuk memenuhi kebutuan hidupnya mengambil nutrisi dari pohon inangnya. Keunikan bunga Rafflesia arnoldii memiliki sifat-sifat biologi yang berbeda dengan tumbuhan lainnya yaitu memiliki daur hidup tahunan dan memparasiti spesies liana tertentu. Diduga bahwa permasalahan lingkungan akan menjadi penyebab utama kepunahan Rafflesia arnoldii. Selain hal itu terjadinya kepunahan disebabkan oleh proses pertumbuhan kuncup-kuncup bunga yang akan mekar dalam waktu yang singkat. Masa pertumbuhan bunga dapat memakan waktu sampai 9 bulan dan masa mekar hanya sekitar 5-7 hari, kemudian bunga Rafflesia arnoldi akan layu dan mati. Penciptaan karya ini menerapkan metode tiga-tahap enam-langkah dari SP. Gustami. Karya yang diciptakan adalah karya seni kriya tekstil dalam bentuk karya seni serat. Proses pembuatan karya terdiri dari proses pembuatan desain, pembentukan, finishing, dan evaluasi. Proses penghayatan, penyetaraan antara rasa dan pikiran, dilakukan untuk memberikan spirit dan ruh agar karya dapat memberikan inspirasi, semangat, dan memberikan pesan-pesan kepada orang lain yang melihatnya. Material utama karya yang digunakan yaitu berbagai jenis benang serat alami dan serat buatan, kain goni sedangkan material pendukung yaitu serat alam, payet dan berbagai jenis aksesoris. Penelitian dan penciptaan ini menghasilkan dua karya yang tediri dari karya panel dua dimensi. Setiap karya menceritakan makna yang berbeda tetapi tetap ada korelasi konsep yang sama. Harapannya karya-karya penciptaan ini bisa memberikan sebuah refleksi dari berbagai sudut pandang latar belakang kehidupan manusia.The creation of this craft art is to represent the natural destruction phenomenon which causes the extinction of Rafflesia Arnoldi flowers habitat. Rafflesia Arnoldi flowers as an inspiration of fiber artwork creation which have several uniqueness and advantages, the basic idea of creation is started from the beautiful visual charm, Rafflesia Arnoldi flowers as endemic plants in the Sumatra Island especially in Bengkulu City. Rafflesia Arnoldi flowers are known as the plants which have no leaves, therefore they are unable to carry out photosynthesis by themselves; consequently to fullfill their life’s needs, they take nutrients from their host trees. The uniqueness of Rafflesia Arnoldi flowers have different biological characteristics with the other plants which have annual life cycles and paralyze the certain Liana’ species. It is suspected that the enviromental problem will be as the main cause of Raffesia Arnoldi’ extinction. In other hand, the extinction is also caused by the growth process of flower buds that will bloom in a short time. the growth period can take up into 9 months and the bloom period is only about 5-7 days, then the Rafflesia Arnoldi flowers will wither and die. The creation of this work applies the six-steps three-stages method of SP. Gustami. The work, which is created, is a textile artwork in the fiber artwork form. The process of making works consist of making design process, forming, finishing, and evaluating. In the appreciation process, the equalization between feeling and mind. It is carried out to give passion and spirit so the work can give an inspiration, encouragement, and give the messages to others who perceives it. The main material used is various types of natural fiber yarns and synthetic fibers, sackcloth while supporting materials are natural fibers, sequins and various types of accessories. This research and creation result two works, which consist of two dimensional panel works. Each work tells the different meaning but there is the same of correlation’ concept. Hopefully, this creation’ works are able to provide a reflection of various viewpoints in the human life.
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Glyuzitskiy, K. К., and A. V. Korenevskaya. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRICE OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND THE COMPETITIVENESS OF TEXTILE ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1, no. 181 (2021): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2021-14-2-117-125.
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The article discusses trends in the textile industry, the pace and direction of use of synthetic fabric, key factors affecting the competitiveness of textile enterprises specializing in synthetic fibers. The necessary components are identified for the effective functioning and rapid entry into the world market of competitive enterprises in the textile industry of Russia. The paper addresses the problems of volatility of crude oil and the related instability in the price policy of synthetic fabric. The author concludes that it is necessary to actively stimulate and develop textile enterprises, considering the change in the oil market in 2020, as well as the current expansion of the use of synthetic fabrics.
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HARANINA, O., YA RED’KO, M. PROSKURKA, and R. VATAN. "SYNTHETIC DYES IN MEDICINE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 297, no. 3 (2021): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-297-3-168-172.
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Synthetic dyes and intermediates for their synthesis are widely used in dyeing textile materials. The presence of the necessary functional groups in the structure of the dyes provides their biocidal properties. When using dyes with biocidal properties, the surface of textile materials is seized from destruction. Separate representative dyes protect the human body from the action of pathogenic microflora. It is necessary to create conditions for a timely attack by the textile material on bacteria and fungi. A sufficient number of natural and synthetic compounds exhibit antimicrobial activity. Many of these compounds are hazardous to humans and animals. Only a few chemical compounds can be recommended for practical use as antiseptic preparations. The inclusion of even a small fraction of antibacterial fibers in the structure of textile materials can provide the desired properties. The biostability of fibrous materials is influenced by the choice of dye. Not all dyes that have bactericidal activity in their pure form exhibit it when applied to textile material. For the manifestation of these functions, dyes must have groups responsible for their bacteriological activity. In developed countries, attempts are being made to uniform dyeing and bioprotective processing of textile materials. The combination of these processes is not only theoretical but also a promising area of research. When creating antibacterial textile materials, nanotechnology is being actively introduced. The use of nanotechnology reduces the cost of raw materials and materials. At the same time, the most promising for use in medicine are nanomaterials that meet the following requirements, such as biocompatibility and programmability of a positive effect on a biological object. Thus, the article analyzes the scientific literature in the field of dyes with biocidal properties.
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Vaesken, Antoine, Anne Pelle, Graciela Pavon-Djavid, Jeanne Rancic, Nabil Chakfe, and Frederic Heim. "Heart valves from polyester fibers: a preliminary 6-month in vivo study." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 63, no. 3 (2018): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2016-0242.
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Abstract Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become a popular alternative technique to surgical valve replacement for critical patients. Biological valve tissue has been used in TAVI procedures for over a decade, with over 150,000 implantations to date. However, with only 6 years of follow up, little is known about the long-term durability of biological tissue. Moreover, the high cost of tissue harvesting and chemical treatment procedures favor the development of alternative synthetic valve leaflet materials. In that context, textile polyester [polyethylene terephthalate (PET)] could be considered as an interesting candidate to replace the biological valve leaflets in TAVI procedures. However, no result is available in the literature about the behavior of textile once in contact with biological tissue in the valve position. The interaction of synthetic textile material with living tissues should be comparable to biological tissue. The purpose of this preliminary work is to compare the in vivo performances of various woven textile PET valves over a 6-month period in order to identify favorable textile construction features. In vivo results indicate that fibrosis as well as calcium deposit can be limited with an appropriate material design.
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Landi, Daniele, Marco Marconi, Ivan Meo, and Michele Germani. "Reuse scenarios of tires textile fibers: an environmental evaluation." Procedia Manufacturing 21 (2018): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.128.
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Buschle-Diller, Gisela. "Scanning Electron Micrsocopy of Various Natural Textile Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 834–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600024296.
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Plant fibers such as cotton, hemp and flax have been cultivated for textile purposes for thousands of years. These natural fibers play an important role in daily life as apparel fibers since they provide unique comfort properties unsurpassed by synthetic fibers. However, their use is not limited to the apparel sector. In recent years the market share of consumer textiles and industrial products made from all kinds of natural fibers has tremendously increased as they present a valuable source of renewable raw materials. Investigating their surface features by microscopic techniques is important to control the performance of the desired end-product. Processing steps involving heat, light or exposure to chemicals might have a significant impact on the specific surface properties of a fiber whether or not this was originally intended. Scanning electron microscopy is therefore a very useful tool for the characterization of textile products to determine the effectiveness and eventual resulting damage from physical or chemical treatments.
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Samad, Yarjan Abdul, Yuanqing Li, Saeed M. Alhassan, and Kin Liao. "Non-destroyable graphene cladding on a range of textile and other fibers and fiber mats." RSC Adv. 4, no. 33 (2014): 16935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01373e.
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Boylston, E. K. "Microscopical Procedures for Investigating Natural Textile Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 842–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600024338.
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Microscopical procedures for the evaluation of cotton textiles are important to the textile industry in evaluating mixed fiber blends, dyes and chemical finishes on fabrics. A new procedure for embedding cellulosic textiles has been developed for FT-IR microscopy whereby fibers are embedded in polystyrene. This polymer does not absorb in the same regions of the infrared spectrum as cellulose or traditional acrylate and epoxy resins that contain chemical groups in common with cellulose. Additionally, use of cross-sections mounted on a KBr disk (Fig. 1) has the advantage of better resolution (Fig. 2B) than grinding and pressing fibers in a KBr disk (Fig. 2A).A new process for the evaluation of yarns has been developed. Approximately 2000 fibers before spinning, 50 yarn segments after spinning, or yarns removed from fabric after processing, can be encased in a tube, embedded in methacrylate plastic, quickly UV polymerized, and sectioned.
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Goynes, W. R., E. E. Graves, W. Tao, G. F. D'Anna, M. P. Day, and V. Yachmenev. "SEM Evaluation of Chemically Finished Nonwoven Fabrics from Recycled Fibers." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 770–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036345.
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The textile industry produces large quantities of waste and scrap materials. Most of this waste requires disposal. Both environmental and economic benefits could be derived by developing commercial products to use these materials. Environmentally acceptable textile products include those that utilize recycled materials, or materials that have not been chemically processed. Such products are often not economically profitable because of the added expense necessary for environmental protection. Development of such a cost-effective textile product requires use of low-cost materials, minimal cost production processes, and finishes that have already been developed and tested.The objective of this research was to develop a semi-disposable, economical, light-weight, comfortable thermal blanket that would be both flame-resistant and antibacterial through a limited number of laundry cycles. Targeted uses would be in medical and health care facilities, disaster relief centers, short term and emergency housing needs, recreational areas such as camping, and in military maneuvers where environmental conditions could be harmful to long-term products.
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Lattimer, M. B., C. D. Weber, and Z. R. Hardt. "An Improved Adhesive System for Textile-Reinforced Rubber Products." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 2 (1985): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536072.
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Abstract Resorcinol Formaldehyde Latex (RFL) adhesive systems have been used for over forty years to bond synthetic fibers to rubber compounds. The original RFL formulation was developed by Charch and Maney. The adhesive was applied primarily to rayon fibers and later extended to nylon and glass fibers. At the same time, the formulation evolved with the introduction of synthetic latexes and preformed resorcinol formaldehyde resin solutions. The RFL treated fibers are used to reinforce rubber products (e.g., tires, conveyor belts, hoses, V-belts). With the commercialization of polyester fibers, it was found that the RFL system did not satisfactorily adhere polyester to rubber compounds. The difficulty in bonding to polyester fibers has been attributed to the lack of reactive sites in the polymer structure, as well as its hydrophobic nature. New adhesive systems were developed which consisted of free isocyanates in solvent solutions. These systems were undesirable due to the associated health and fire risks. As a result, the use of aqueous dispersions of blocked isocyanates was investigated. Blocked isocyanates consist of isocyanate molecules which are chemically reacted with a blocking agent to prevent reactions with other materials at room temperature conditions. At higher temperatures, the blocking materials dissociate to free the reactive isocyanate groups. The blocked isocyanates are generally available in solid form and are chemically stable in water. Common blocking materials include phenols, oximes, and lactams. Shoaf developed a two-step, water based, adhesive system that effectively bonded polyester to rubber. This system consists of a first-step dip application which contains a polyepoxide and blocked aromatic polyisocyanate. In the second step, the treated fiber is overcoated with an RFL mixture. The reaction product of the polyepoxide and polyisocyanate has been identified as a polyurethane structure which physically adheres to polyester. Iyengar attributed this physical interaction to the similarity between the cohesive energy density values for the polyester and polyurethane structures.
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Simion Beldean-Galea, Mihail, Florina-Maria Copaciu, and Maria-Virginia Coman. "Chromatographic Analysis of Textile Dyes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 101, no. 5 (2018): 1353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0066.
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Abstract The textile industry uses many raw materials (natural and synthetic dyes and fibers) and different dyeing techniques that can be considered important pollutants with a negative impact on the environment (toxic working conditions, discharged wastewater, and contamination). Although synthetic dyes are intensively used, offer a wide range of colors and hues and properties of adhesion, longevity, and resistance to sunshine and chemical processes, and are cost-effective, they have begun to be restricted by many textile producers because they are nonbiodegradable and have toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects that generate some imbalances in plant, animal, and human life. Natural dyes of plant and animal origin exhibit very good tolerance to washing, rubbing, and light and are biodegradable and nontoxic; these properties have led to a call for the renewed use of these dyes. Modern analytical techniques (solid-phase extraction, spectrophotometry, HPLC, HPTLC, capillary electrophoresis) with different spectroscopy (UV-Vis, diode-array detection, pulsed amperometric detection) and/or MS/tandem mass spectrometry detectors have an important role in the textile industry in obtaining essential information about dyeing techniques, material origin, historical trade routes of ancient textiles, and environmental pollution. For this purpose, isolation, separation, and quantification methods of natural and synthetic textile dyes from various matrices (ancient and modern fabrics, water, biota, etc.) are presented.
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Houck, M. M. "“Mute Witnesses, Sure and Faithful”: Microscopic Analysis of Textile Fibers in Criminal Cases." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 849–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600011132.
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Placing the suspect at the crime scene is an important element in the solution of a crime. A way to do this is to find textile fibers like those from the victim’s environment or the crime scene on the clothing of the suspect. Another way would be to discover fibers like the suspect’s clothing or environment on the victim or at the crime scene. When fibers exhibiting the same microscopic characteristics and optical properties are found in common between a known source and the suspect or victim, an evidentiary value is placed on that association. This value is dependent on many factors that include the type(s) of fibers found (natural or synthetic), the color (s) of the fibers, number of fibers found, the location of fibers on a victim, suspect and/or crime scene and the number of different fibers that “match,” especially if different fibers from the same item of clothing or fibers from more than one item of clothing are found.
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Racho, Patcharin, Pinitta Phalathip, and Warutai Dejtanon. "Modified Synthetic Fibers a Treatment for Heavy Metal Removal in Aqueous." Materials Science Forum 890 (March 2017): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.890.133.
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In this study was evaluated a performance of chemically modified synthesis fiber for the heavy metal treatment. Four fibers sampled from textile industry were evaluated in this study including of polyester, nylon, rayon and polyester/cotton. The graft copolymerization is the first step of modification process using acrylic acid with and without a surfactant. Then, amino chelating group was prepared via soaked in ethylenediamine solution. The grafting percentage was found in about 30-54% and 12-138% respectively without and with a surfactant conditions, respectively.Since, 3 M of acrylic acid 0.1 g of BPO neither, a polyester/cotton fibers nor 4 M acrylic acid. Overall results showed that the amino chelating fibers had higher lead and hexavalent chromium removal efficiencies than non modified fibers. These indicated the chemically modified fibers that functionalized with acrylic acid and ethylenediamine had capable to improve to an adsorption capacity. The modified nylon fibers had the highest adsorption capacity within 48 mg/g for Pb2+ and Cr6+.
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Wang, Gang. "Evaluation System’s Research on Textile Fiber Material Ecological Recycling." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.92.
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This article evaluate the recycling of renewable fiber feasibility from the economic cost, the key factor is the treatment methods, reuse direction, and its economic costs. Textile fiber material recycling economic cost, mainly through analysis the cost of new textile fiber materials prices and the price of recycled fiber, of which the price of recycled fiber is the recovery of the prices of textile fibers combined with the recycling processing costs.
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Aldalbahi, Ali, Mehrez E. El-Naggar, Mohamed H. El-Newehy, Mostafizur Rahaman, Mohammad Rafe Hatshan, and Tawfik A. Khattab. "Effects of Technical Textiles and Synthetic Nanofibers on Environmental Pollution." Polymers 13, no. 1 (2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010155.
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Textile manufacturing has been one of the highest polluting industrial sectors. It represents about one-fifth of worldwide industrial water pollution. It uses a huge number of chemicals, numerous of which are carcinogenic. The textile industry releases many harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals and formaldehyde, into water streams and soil, as well as toxic gases such as suspended particulate matter and sulphur dioxide to air. These hazardous wastes, may cause diseases and severe problems to human health such as respiratory and heart diseases. Pollution caused by the worldwide textile manufacturing units results in unimaginable harm, such as textile polymers, auxiliaries and dyes, to the environment. This review presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of all recently produced high-performance textiles; and will therefore assist a deeper understanding of technical textiles providing a bridge between manufacturer and end-user. Moreover, the achievements in advanced applications of textile material will be extensively studied. Many classes of technical textiles were proved in a variety of applications of different fields. The introductory material- and process-correlated identifications regarding raw materials and their transformation into yarns, fibers and fabrics followed by dyeing, printing, finishing of technical textiles and their further processing will be explored. Thus, the environmental impacts of technical textiles on soil, air and water are discussed.
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Enomoto, Yuji, and Ick Soo Kim. "Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Nanofiber/Webs." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.20.
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Recently ultrafine fibers of nanometer size and their fabrics are growingly interested not only in textile industry but also in non-textile industry, as they have excellent properties of lightness, high strength, comfort, function and etc as compared to those of conventional fibers. Evaluation of the mechanical properties is, then, important in connection with the reliability and durability of the products. Since commercialized machines are not always conventionally designed for mechanical property evaluation of nanofiber in any environments; air or fluids. We have, therefore, conducted to develop versatile testers including tension tester for strength measurement and friction tester for handle measurement. In this note, we present typical results for evaluation of mechanical properties of nanofiber/ web fabricated by means of an electrospining method.
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Sedlmajer, Martin, Jiri Zach, and Jitka Hroudova. "Possibilities of Development of Thermal Insulating Materials Based on Waste Textile Fibers." Advanced Materials Research 1124 (September 2015): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.183.
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The paper describes the possibility of using textile fibers (natural and synthetic) for the production of thermal insulation materials in the form of mats using in construction. The paper deals mainly with soft thermal insulation mats and the factors that affect the thermal insulation properties of the insulating material in its manufacture and subsequent incorporation into the structure.
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Yuksekkaya, Mehmet Emin, Gizem Celep, Gamze Dogan, Mevlut Tercan, and Basak Urhan. "A Comparative Study of Physical Properties of Yarns and Fabrics Produced from Virgin and Recycled Fibers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 11, no. 2 (2016): 155892501601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501601100209.
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Products that are produced by various industries such as agriculture, food, mining, chemistry, and textile cannot meet the needs of humankind since the world's population continues to grow exponentially. Furthermore, the reduction in natural resources forced researchers to produce new synthetic products by utilization of technology and led them to study recycling of existing natural resources. This study compares some properties of yarns and fabrics produced by virgin and recycled polyester and cotton fibers. Virgin cotton, recycled cotton, virgin polyester, recycled polyester fibers, and blends of these fibers were used to manufacture open end rotor yarns. Single jersey fabrics were knitted from these yarns. Physical properties of yarns and fabrics such as tensile strength, unevenness, yarn imperfections, burst strength, pilling and coefficient of kinetic friction were measured and statistically compared. Although generally the properties of yarns and fabrics produced from virgin fibers were better than that of produced from recycled fibers, producing textile products with optimum quality is stressed in this study.
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Luo, Xue, and Li Li. "Evaluation of single-component chitosan fiber: from advanced materials to contemporary fashion manufacturing." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 2 (2019): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519858764.
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Advancements in material science have driven the development of the textile industry. Chitosan has inherent advantages, such as biodegradability, nontoxicity, and antibacterial and wound acceleration properties. It has been applied in the textile industry as a coating on fabrics. Nevertheless, research on single-component chitosan fibers is scant. The advantages of single-component chitosan fibers include improved comfort, laundry durability, abrasion resistance, and structural flexibility. To fill the mentioned research gap, this study developed an industrial-manufacturing-based method for testing and analyzing chitosan fibers. This method was demonstrated by studying the physical and biological performance of commercial chitosan fibers. Studying the characteristics of the chitosan fibers revealed the influence of the fiber structure on their performance. Although chitosan fibers with a higher degree of deacetylation had a shorter molecular chain, they exhibited higher strength. Moreover, the molecular weight and deacetylation degree influenced biological performance. Chitosan fibers with higher deacetylation degree chitosan had better antimicroorganism performance on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans; however, no such relationship was observed for the solution form of chitosan. These results imply a difference in antimicroorganism mechanisms between the fiber (solid) form and solution form of chitosan.
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GÂF-DEAC, Ioan I., Emilia VISILEANU, Constantin Sorin PĂUN, Cristina Monica VALECA, and Ileta TÂRLIMAN. "ANTISTATIC TREATMENT OFTEXTILEFIBERS FOR AIR TUBES IN GRIZUTOS COAL EXPLOSIVEENVIRONMENT." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.42.
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In the paper / communication, the problem of electrostatic loading of textile fibers in the air pipes is being treated in an innovative way, occasioning explosive hazards. The thematic aspect approached is essentially required in mining security solutions in the underground exploitation of energy coal and coke in the Jiu Valley mines, where methane (CH4) and coal dust are found to form the grizzly atmosphere. It is specified that methane and coal dust in a concentration of 9.8% have the maximum devastating potential of explosion, with all the medical / deadly consequences among people. Observations show that synthetic fibers used in partial air tubes have low electrical conductivity and load significantly, electrostatically. The proposed variant of the authors is to resort to the choice of different textile fibers placed on the stack / range of electrostatic stresses.
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Lee Blaszczyk, Regina. "Styling Synthetics: DuPont's Marketing of Fabrics and Fashions in Postwar America." Business History Review 80, no. 3 (2006): 485–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000768050003587x.
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Scholars have studied innovation from various perspectives, but few have considered the interaction between big business and the fashion marketplace. This study examines the efforts of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company to create and expand the American synthetic-fibers market after World War II. DuPont described this work as transforming the “relatively simple ‘art’ of selling fabric” into the “complicated ‘science’ of marketing.” This process involved developing in-house marketing expertise and reaching out to sources as disparate as American fabric designers, Parisian couturiers, Seventh Avenue manufacturers, southern textile giants, and mass-market retailers. To promote the “wonders” of synthetic fibers, DuPont relied on “fashion intermediaries” to determine what customers wanted and how its fibers could meet those needs. This study suggests that the mass-market success of DuPont's synthetic fibers owed as much to creative marketing, styling, and performance as it did to industrial research and organizational innovation.
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Acharya, Sanjit, Shaida S. Rumi, Yang Hu, and Noureddine Abidi. "Microfibers from synthetic textiles as a major source of microplastics in the environment: A review." Textile Research Journal 91, no. 17-18 (2021): 2136–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517521991244.
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Microplastic fibers, also known as microfibers, are the most abundant microplastic forms found in the environment. Microfibers are released in massive numbers from textile garments during home laundering via sewage effluents and/or sludge. This review presents and discusses the importance of synthetic textile-based microfibers as a source of microplastics. Studies focused on their release during laundering were reviewed, and factors affecting microfiber release from textiles and the putative role of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as a pathway of their release in the environment were examined and discussed. Moreover, potential adverse effects of microfibers on marine and aquatic biota and human health were briefly reviewed. Studies show that thousands of microfibers are released from textile garments during laundering. Different factors, such as fabric type and detergent, impact the release of microfibers. However, a relatively smaller number of available studies and often conflicting findings among studies make it harder to establish definitive trends related to important factors contributing to the release of microfibers. Even though current WWTPs are highly effective in capturing microfibers, due to the presence of a massive number of microfibers in the influent, up to billions of fibers per day are released through effluent into the environment. There is a need to establish standardized protocols and procedures that can allow meaningful comparisons among studies to be performed.
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Haap, Classen, Beringer, Mecheels, and Gutmann. "Microplastic Fibers Released by Textile Laundry: A New Analytical Approach for the Determination of Fibers in Effluents." Water 11, no. 10 (2019): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102088.
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The detection of shedded fibers in effluents from textile washing has attracted much attention due to its reported contribution to microplastic pollution. Commonly used analytical methods for fiber detection in liquids are based on filtration with subsequent microscopic analysis and/or gravimetric weighing. These approaches are time-consuming and prone to errors. In this study, an approach based on dynamic image analysis was applied in order to set up an efficient method to analyze fibers in effluents from washing processes. In an initial validation step, reliable information on the counts of fibers and the morphological characteristics were confirmed. For wastewaters from polyester-cotton blends, the chemical nature of the fiber debris (natural vs. synthetic origin) was determined by combining the dynamic image analysis with a chemical pre-treatment. In this study, dynamic image analysis was revealed as a rapid, non-destructive, precise, and reliable technology for the characterization and quantification of the fiber debris, offering a promising approach for fiber analysis in liquids.
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Helberg, Julia, Michaela Klöcker, Lilia Sabantina, et al. "Growth of Pleurotus Ostreatus on Different Textile Materials for Vertical Farming." Materials 12, no. 14 (2019): 2270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12142270.
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The mycelium of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus can be used for diverse technical applications, such as packaging materials or wastewater treatment, besides the more obvious use for nutrition. While P. ostreatus usually grows on sawdust, wood or similar materials, a former study investigated mycelium growth on different nanofiber mats. Here, we report on growing P. ostreatus on fabrics knitted from different materials, enabling the use of this mushroom in textile-based vertical farming. Our results underline that P. ostreatus grows similar on natural fibers and on synthetic fibers. The agar medium used to provide nutrients was found to support mycelium growth optimally when applied by dip-coating, suggesting that, in this way, P. ostreatus can also be grown on vertically aligned textile fabrics for vertical farming.
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Mweresa, Collins K., Wolfgang R. Mukabana, Philemon Omusula, et al. "Evaluation of textile substrates for dispensing synthetic attractants for malaria mosquitoes." Parasites & Vectors 7, no. 1 (2014): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-376.
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Barthe, J., V. Kamenopoulou, B. Cattoire, and G. Portal. "Dose evaluation from textile fibers: a post-determination of initial ESR signal." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part A. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 40, no. 10-12 (1989): 1029–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(89)90036-1.
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Hassanzadeh, Sanaz, and Hossein Hasani. "A Review on Milkweed Fiber Properties as a High-Potential Raw Material in Textile Applications." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 6 (2016): 1412–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715620398.
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Importance of solving the environmental pollution has attracted lots of designers and engineers’ attentions towards finding different available solutions such as substituting polymer-based raw materials with the natural ones. Thus, significant efforts applied by the researchers are generally involved to find new recourses of natural fibers instead of using the petroleum-based synthetic fibers. Among the variety of newly known natural resources, Milkweed is categorized as a versatile substitutive fiber with numerous unique properties which are mainly attributed to their hollowness structures. The presence of hollow channel along the fiber length is responsible for their lightweight and good insulation properties. Because of the fibers’ ecological and chemical benefits, numerous technical application fields could be considered for the eco-friendly and non-allergenic textiles made of Milkweed fibers especially in production of medical goods. Since morphological aspects as well as physical and mechanical properties of the Milkweed fibers significantly affect their functional behavior during their end uses, here in this review paper it is aimed to summarize all the available information regarding the fibers’ characteristics and properties. Having fundamental knowledge about the spin-ability of Milkweed fibers as well as finding the optimized process condition for their carding operation is considered to be the important points for obtaining such applicable textile products with desired properties.
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Sabatini, Francesca, Jacopo La Nasa, Camilla Guerrini, et al. "On the Set of Fellini’s Movies: Investigating and Preserving Multi-Material Stage Costumes Exploiting Spectroscopic and Mass Spectrometric Techniques." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (2021): 2954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11072954.
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Since the second half of the 19th century, the world of textile production was radically changed both in terms of esthetics and of the performances leading to industrial products whose chemical properties were totally unknown and unexplored. Stage costumes are typical examples of multi-material art objects where different natural and synthetic materials were used to fulfil specific purposes. This research was performed in the framework of a diagnostic and restoration campaign of dresses of two Federico Fellini’s movies (“Il Casanova” and “Roma”). For the characterization of the textile fibers, Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) were employed. The structure of the metallic threads was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Dye identification was carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Diode Array Detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD, HPLC-ESI-Q-ToF). The analytical approach adopted allowed us to fully characterize the costumes composed of natural, synthetic and artificial fibers dyed with complex mixtures of last generation synthetic dyes. The results collected were fundamental to fine-tune an effective restoration aimed at minimizing the damages due to ageing, inaccurate home-made restoration interventions, or poor conservation conditions.
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Peran, Jelena, and Sanja Ercegović Ražić. "Application of atmospheric pressure plasma technology for textile surface modification." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 9-10 (2019): 1174–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519883954.
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This paper gives an overview of atmospheric pressure plasma types used in the textile industry and recent developments in plasma treatments of textiles. It investigates the topic of the influence of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on the surface properties of materials made from natural and synthetic fibers. Through plasma induced physical and chemical reactions occurring in the textile surface layer, significant modifications in micromorphology and reactivity can be achieved. In addition to cleaning, etching, and activation, great efforts have been made in the development of plasma polymerization processes under atmospheric pressure. Utilization of atmospheric pressure plasma technology in the textile industry offers a new perspective on surface modification and functionalization. This paper gives a summary of textile properties achieved using plasma and the underlying processes based on relevant findings obtained from prominent research.
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Kertmen, Nuriye. "New Trends in Fibers Used in Denim Fabric Production." Tekstil ve Mühendis 28, no. 121 (2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7216/1300759920212812106.
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There is a tendency to use different fibers from cotton to improve the physical properties of conventional denim fabrics, add functional properties, and follow trends and fashion. Warp and weft yarns can be produced with 100% cotton or composed of different fibers optionally for denim fabric. In this study, a piece of detailed information was given about the fibers used for denim fabrics in recent years, and the effects of the fibers were evaluated. In the results of the review, the nature of the fiber and antibacterial property is the most prominent feature nowadays for cellulosic fibers. It is quite advantageous antibacterial fibers also have additional functional properties without further processing. Wool and silk are widely used in conventional textile. They are especially preferred when thermal comfort is required in denim fabric production. Synthetic fibers are indispensable for denim especially when high performance is needed. Also, it is important for the wearer to feel comfortable, so new generations of synthetic fibers that provide high comfort are widely used. Elastane is a characteristic fiber of denim fabric and always a new type of elastane fiber is produced. Besides elastane used in flexible denim fabrics, elastomultiester fibers are popular now. These fibers do not contain elastane but they provide excellent elasticity and recovery for the fabric.
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Dopko, Michael, Meysam Najimi, Behrouz Shafei, Xuhao Wang, Peter Taylor, and Brent M. Phares. "Flexural Performance Evaluation of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Incorporating Multiple Macro-Synthetic Fibers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 27 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118798986.
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Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is a promising construction material mainly because of the crack-controlling mechanisms that discrete fibers can impart to inherently brittle concrete. Macrofibers, in particular, have been proven effective for providing post-crack ductility and toughness, while synthetic fibers are a promising solution to avoid corrosion-related durability issues. To assess the performance enhancement provided by macro-synthetic concrete fibers, this study performs flexural tests on FRC beams containing three different types of macro-synthetic fibers. The selected fibers include polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and alkali-resistant glass (ARG) macrofibers mixed at volume fractions of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%. Static and dynamic fresh properties are monitored using the vibrating Kelly ball (VKelly) test. Beam specimens are then placed under a third point bending configuration, as per ASTM C1609 Standard, to measure load versus mid-span deflection. Strength and toughness parameters are derived from the load–deflection data to assess the flexural performance of the FRC composite systems under consideration. The parameters of interest include first peak strength (pre-crack flexural strength) and post-crack residual strength and toughness provided by fiber addition. Of the mixtures tested, ARG fiber mixtures show the highest residual strength and toughness values, followed by PP and PVA fiber mixtures. ARG fibers produce the most workable mixtures at all fiber volumes, while PVA fibers show a tendency to encounter dispersion issues at higher volume doses. The outcome of this study is expected to facilitate the selection of fibers by giving insight into their relative contribution to fresh and hardened flexural properties of FRC.
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Aneja, Arun Pal. "Fiber Renaissance for the Next Millennium." International Nonwovens Journal os-8, no. 2 (1999): 1558925099OS—80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925099os-800223.
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As we enter 21st century, technical advances are dramatically influencing the world of fibers, fabrics and textiles. Today, technology can provide us with fabrics that imitate and actually improve upon nature's best fibers. In the next millennium, textiles will not just be an extension or simple alternatives to natural or synthetic fibers, but will provide superior functionality in broad and emerging sectors of the economy from space to super conductivity and agriculture to geotextile. This will be accomplished through modern business strategies for enhanced stakeholder value and highly efficient production schemes with no adverse impact on the environment and development of precisely specified molecules for new textile platforms.
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Yan, Xiang, Aurélie Cayla, Fabien Salaün, Eric Devaux, Pengqing Liu, and Tingjian Huang. "A green method to fabricate porous polypropylene fibers: development toward textile products and mechanical evaluation." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 5-6 (2019): 547–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519871944.
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In this study, a series of immiscible polymer blend fibers with polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was obtained by a melt spinning process, and two different draw ratios were attempted. Efforts were made to obtain the porous PP fibers by removing the water-soluble PVA phase. The thermal properties of the blends were tested by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The blends showed excellent thermal stability and differentiated fractionated crystallization behaviors of PP. The melt flow indexes of the blends were evaluated, exhibiting a higher fluidity than that of the neat polymers. Among the possible candidates for the spinning process, only the PP70–PVA30 had suitable spinnability, for which the draw ratio reached 3. The morphology of the fibers was investigated by selective extraction experiment and scanning electron microscopy, as well as wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The biphasic morphology and the crystallization behaviors varied according to the PVA content. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the multifilament fibers were studied via tensile testing and dynamical mechanical analysis. The 70/30 weight ratio (PP/PVA) was the most suitable for producing biphasic fibers with a high degree of accessibility in PVA and mechanical properties that increase with the increase in the drawing ratio. The feasibility of fabric knitting was checked, and the mechanical properties and air permeability of the obtained textile structure were also evaluated.
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Mountassir, Y., A. Benyaich, M. Rezrazi, P. Berçot, and L. Gebrati. "Decontamination of synthetic textile wastewater by electrochemical processes: energetic and toxicological evaluation." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 12 (2012): 2586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.431.
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The treatment of a synthetic textile wastewater, prepared with several compounds used in the finishing of textile materials, was comparatively studied by electrochemical methods such as electrooxidation (EO) (titanium electrode) and electrocoagulation (EC) (with aluminum and iron electrodes). The influence of pH, current density and operating time on the treatment was assessed by the parameters used to measure the level of organic contaminants in the wastewater; i.e. color, toxicity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The experimental results showed that an effective electrochemical oxidation was achieved in which the wastewater was decolorized and 92% of COD was completely eliminated. In particular, the mineralization took place by indirect oxidation, mediated by active chlorine, and the treatment efficiency was enhanced by the addition of NaCl to the wastewater and by increasing the applied current density. The toxicity, still higher than the toxicity of the raw effluent, indicated a presence of toxic products after EO. Good results were obtained with the Al and Fe electrodes, mainly with respect to the removal of color and toxicity. EC is more economical than EO and the toxicity evaluation with the Daphnia magna test shows a significant reduction after EC.
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De Falco, Francesca, Maria Pia Gullo, Gennaro Gentile, et al. "Evaluation of microplastic release caused by textile washing processes of synthetic fabrics." Environmental Pollution 236 (May 2018): 916–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.057.
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Zhang, Tong. "Research and Develop Intelligent Temperature-Controlled Fabric Starting from the Internal Structure of Textile Fibers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.692.
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ntelligent temperature-controlled fiber can perceive changes in the environment and correspond accordingly subject to stimulation of certain conditions. In the functional innovation, the intelligent fibrous material modifies the nature of conventional synthetic fiber and the original performance of natural fiber and chemical fiber. Through in-depth analysis of the existing achievements, strive to explore the application prospect of intelligent temperature-controlled fiber starting from the internal structure of textile fibers.
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Zhao, Xihui, Qun Li, Xiaowen Li, Yanzhi Xia, Bing Wang, and Zhihui Zhao. "Antibacterial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of alginate-AgNP fibers." Textile Research Journal 87, no. 11 (2016): 1377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516652350.
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Biopolymer nanocomposites containing metal nanoparticles have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties and broad applications. In this work, alginate fibers embedded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared. The as-obtained alginate-AgNP fibers exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram microorganisms of model microbes Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive). A growth kinetic study with S. aureus and E. coli displayed the inhibition of bacterial growth at the logarithmic phase. The cytotoxic effect of the fibers in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. The as-prepared alginate-AgNP fibers, particularly with high amount and long treatment time, showed high cell-killing efficiency. These findings emphasize that such alginate-AgNP fibers with multifaceted biological activities are a promising material for applications in the textile or biomedical fields.