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1
Martí, María Eugenia. "POLÍTICAS LINGÜÍSTICAS Y ADVERTENCIAS OFICIALES PARA EMIGRANTES ITALIANOS A PRINCIPIOS DEL SIGLO XX." RASAL Lingüística 2019, no. 1 (2019): 103–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5228670.
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El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis de documentos oficiales emitidos desde el Comissariato Generale dell’Emigrazione, un organismo estatal italiano creado con el objetivo de proveer información a los sujetos de la emigración masiva. Los textos a considerar serán Avvertenze per chi emigra negli Stati Uniti dell’America del Nord (1902), Avvertenze popolari per gli emigranti, intorno alla legge sull’emigrazione (1902) y Avvertenze per l’Emigrante Italiano (s/f). Aunque se presenten como manuales instructivos, se comportan como textos prescriptivos que exhortan a los emigrantes a preservar su vínculo con el país de origen a través de la conservación de “la lengua materna”. Este estudio se interroga sobre la concepción de “lengua italiana” que se inscribe en los manuales, enunciada en singular sin observar las variedades que hablaban los sujetos concretos. De este modo, es posible considerar esta concepción de lengua como un constructo abstracto y aglutinante que borra diferencias específicas y aporta rasgos definitorios capaces de otorgar identidad trasportable y transmisible a la descendencia. Asimismo, la indagación en estos textos permite identificar orientaciones contradictorias de las políticas lingüísticas desarrolladas por Italia y Argentina para lidiar con las consecuencias de la inmigración masiva de italianos a ese país sudamericano.
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Madrid Vivar, Dolores, María José Molina García, and Rocío Pascual Lacal. "Explorando el viaje textual: Construyendo Puentes entre la Educación Infantil y Primaria." Investigaciones Sobre Lectura 19, no. 1 (2024): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/isl.19.1.2024.17880.
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Este estudio forma parte del Proyecto Europeo "READ-COM: Reading Communities from paper books to digital era", con el propósito de sensibilizar sobre la importancia de la lectura y proporcionar recursos innovadores para mejorar las prácticas lectoras en hogares y escuelas. Aquí se exploran las similitudes y diferencias en la tipología textual utilizada por docentes de Educación Infantil y Primaria. Se ha realizado una investigación cuantitativa con la participación de 440 maestros, 200 del segundo ciclo de Infantil y 240 de Primaria. Las conclusiones de este estudio revelan diferencias notables en la selección de textos empleados por los docentes de Educación Infantil y Primaria. Se observa que los textos enumerativos, expositivos y literarios son utilizados de manera diferente en ambas etapas, lo que indica que los enfoques pedagógicos pueden variar. Por otro lado, no se encuentran variaciones significativas en la utilización de textos prescriptivos e informativos. Estos hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de una mayor coordinación y comunicación entre los niveles de Educación Infantil y Primaria para garantizar una transición más efectiva en la enseñanza de la lectura y la comprensión textual. Además, subrayan la importancia de proporcionar recursos innovadores que fomenten la diversidad textual en el aula, en línea con este proyecto, para enriquecer las prácticas lectoras tanto en hogares como en escuelas.
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Arnoux, Elvira Narvaja de. "Discurso prescriptivo y objetos gramaticales. Su tratamiento desde la glotopolítica." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (2021): 01–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id335.
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En el proceso de estandarización de las lenguas, la descripción ha tenido tradicionalmente una dimensión prescriptiva. Esta se ha explicitado en enunciados que censuran determinados usos y postulan cuáles son los correctos. Las gramáticas, fundamentalmente, han participado en ello. Pero, también, los instrumentos lingüísticos que se inscriben en la tradición retórica (como manuales de estilo periodístico, artes de escribir o guías de lenguaje no sexista) han prescripto, con el objetivo de incidir en la producción discursiva, sobre las formas gramaticales más adecuadas para ciertos espacios sociales o para resolver determinadas problemáticas. En el artículo, abordamos, en primer lugar, la relación de los discursos prescriptivos con la determinación de las jerarquías sociales, el lugar de autoridad que construyen y los juicios en los que se apoyan. Luego, nos centraremos en la prescripción acerca de unidades gramaticales en dos tipos actuales de instrumentos reguladores de la discursividad: los simplificadores y uniformizadores y los antidiscriminadores. Adoptamos la perspectiva glotopolítica, que se interesa por los modos de intervención sobre el lenguaje y sobre la distribución social de la palabra e ilustramos con textos producidos en el mundo hispánico en diferentes épocas.
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Estrada Mesa, Diego Alejandro. "LA MEDICINA ANTIGUA: UNA ÉTICA EXISTENCIAL EN MICHEL FOUCAULT." Praxis Filosófica, no. 42 (June 18, 2016): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/pfilosofica.v0i42.3170.
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Este artículo pretende resaltar la lectura que Michel Foucault realiza de lamedicina grecolatina en el mundo antiguo. Más que caracterizarse por susrasgos terapéuticos, tal discurso médico buscaba la producción de una éticade la existencia. A partir de diferentes textos prescriptivos desarrolladospor filósofos, moralistas y médicos, se muestra la importancia que losantiguos otorgaban a la salud como elemento esencial dentro del ejerciciode la libertad. El uso general del cuerpo, involucrando la alimentación,así como la práctica de los placeres sexuales, se convertía en un objetode inquietud permanente para quien deseara “estilizar su ser”. Destacarestas características de la medicina antigua occidental permite delinearuna genealogía de los valores morales actuales vinculados al autocuidado,práctica importante para los dispositivos de seguridad de las racionalidadespolíticas contemporáneas.
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Alonso Fernández, Rosa María. "Una experiencia educativa: enseñando lengua y literatura a través de la gastronomía intercultural." DEDiCA Revista de Educação e Humanidades (dreh), no. 5 (March 1, 2014): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/dreh.v0i5.7015.
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A través de esta experiencia educativa, que se llevó a cabo en un Instituto de Educación Secundaria en Ceuta, se marcó como principal objetivo el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística, teniendo como elemento de interés y motivación la gastronomía intercultural, en nuestro caso los platos típicos de las principales fiestas religiosas de las 4 culturas que conviven en Ceuta. Con el ánimo de acercarnos a otras culturas y fomentar así la tolerancia hacia todas ellas. Desde el punto de vista lingüístico, esta experiencia nos sirvió para identificar y producir textos prescriptivos y textos publicitarios. También para conocer el significado de expresiones relacionadas con los alimentos y la gastronomía. Por otra parte, desde el punto de vista literario, se conjuga el maridaje entre literatura y gastronomía, ayudados de la mano de escritores como Laura Esquivel, Pablo Neruda y algunos textos escritos en ladino, es decir, la lengua que fue y es hablada por los sefardíes. Para facilitar al alumno el desarrollo de la competencia lingüística a través de la gastronomía intercultural, se ha tenido en cuenta la importancia del trabajo por proyectos, ya que favorece su motivación y aprendizaje al tener en cuenta la diversidad de intereses y estilos de aprendizaje, también promueve el aprendizaje significativo, haciendo que el alumno controle su propio aprendizaje, favorece la colaboración entre alumnos, el trabajo en grupo, se promueve la implicación y la iniciativa personal.
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Córdova Jaimes, Edgar Rafael, Javier Doria Arrieta, and Bleidis Vanessa Quintana. "Comprendiendo la democracia colombiana: Desde las prescripciones valorativas a las realizaciones políticas." Jurídicas CUC 21, no. 1 (2025): 9–28. https://doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.21.1.2025.01.
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El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las posturas teóricas respecto a la democracia desde sus elementos valorativos (prescriptivos) y con respecto a las realizaciones de esta (elementos empíricos) para la definición del Estado social de Derecho. Metodológicamente este trabajo se soporta en la revisión crítica documentos, y textos, para realizar en una primera fase análisis entre cuatro autores referenciales Sartori, Bobbio, Kelsen y Habermas, posteriormente un acercamiento al caso colombiano. Se concluye que a pesar de las posiciones teóricas de la democracia involucran además de aspectos relacionados con las prescripciones constitucionales (valores), para entender las democracias como la colombiana, estas han de complementarse con las realizaciones políticas que conduzcan a la protección de los derechos de las personas (materialización empírica), la creación de oportunidades que haga posible el proyecto de vida.
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Martín Martín-Mora, Concepción, and Juan Jiménez Salcedo. "Redacción multilingüe y uniformización en las guías de estilo de la UE: Análisis de un corpus de recursos prescriptivos en castellano, inglés y francés." Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos, no. 28.2 (December 12, 2022): 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/rlfe.2022.558.
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El presente artículo analiza la calidad de la redacción jurídica en la UE y cómo se regula en las diferentes versiones lingüísticas. Para ello, se ha constituido un corpus multilingüe en castellano, inglés y francés de textos prescriptivos tanto para la redacción de cualquier tipo de documento como para la redacción de instrumentos legislativos. Entre los resultados observados destaca el hecho de que la mayoría de estas directrices, de carácter no vinculante excepto en el caso del Libro de estilo interinstitucional, son generales y poco exhaustivas y, en su mayoría, están más orientadas a uniformizar la forma que el contenido. Esto tiene como resultado una modificación de la expresión de las lenguas oficiales en las que se redactan estos instrumentos, que se materializa tanto en lo que respecta a su estructura como en el uso de expresiones fijas que hay que emplear. Asimismo, se observa que existe una ambigüedad intencionada, empleada para evitar que se produzcan interpretaciones diferentes según la versión lingüística.
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Maritano, Ornella, and Gabriela Bard Wigdor. "Masculinidades y violencias por medios sexuales: Entre abordajes punitivos y justicias feministas." Revista humanidades 13, no. 1 (2023): e52684. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/h.v13i1.52684.
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En los últimos años, la violencia por medios sexuales ha sido abordada por los feminismos en un escenario de tensión entre los postulados teóricos y la dimensión práctica de intervención o activismos sobre el tema. En efecto, a nivel conceptual, los feminismos afirman que la violencia es un fenómeno social estructural con raíces en el patriarcado, así como explican la relación entre la violencia y la configuración de la masculinidad hegemónica. Empero, cuando ocurren episodios de violencia de género, desde algunos sectores de la sociedad que incluyen a los feminismos, se solicitan mayores penas, castigos y estrategias para el abordaje del conflicto que individualizan y patologizan a los varones involucrados. El presente artículo se ocupa de esta tensión, especialmente en relación con la violencia por medios sexuales, a través del análisis de los textos prescriptivos que se entramaron entre la justicia penal, los medios de comunicación y los feminismos locales a propósito de tres referentes empíricos de la Argentina. Como resultado de la investigación, encontramos que la violencia por medios sexuales produce encuentros prácticos entre lecturas conservadoras, neoliberales y feministas sobre este tema, las cuales no posibilitan estrategias de reparación para las víctimas ni de desarticulación de la masculinidad hegemónica.
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Restrepo Rodas, Jonathan, Laura Niño Buitrago, and Mercedes Suárez. "Naturalización de la moral. Del valor “alético” a valores deónticos y axiológicos: el caso del verbo tocar." Revista de Humanidades de Valparaíso, no. 20 (December 2, 2022): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rhv2022iss20pp77-99.
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Grandes pensadores se han dado a la labor de explicar la moral y la ética en los seres humanos. De esas reflexiones han resultado grandes dicotomías, como los hechos factuales y los hechos de valor, o lo que se conoce como el mundo teórico, el de lo objetivo, y el mundo práctico, el de los afectos. Con el surgimiento de la filosofía analítica, el énfasis se ha puesto en el lenguaje para tratar problemas filosóficos, persistiendo con una característica creadora de dicotomías, a saber, la validez. Este estudio propone la siguiente tesis: es posible derivar “debe” a partid de “es”, y lo evidencia en un caso similar: tocar y varias de sus perífrasis verbales. Para lograrlo, se propone un análisis empírico de naturalización de la moral desde los postulados más sobresalientes de dos teorías: la semántica cognitiva de Talmy (2000) y la Teoría Modular de Modalidades de Gosselin (2010). La metodología empleada consta de un análisis tanto semántico como cognitivo del verbo en cuestión, para lo cual se recopilaron diversas entradas en textos literarios y alocuciones presidenciales a manera de corpus lingüístico. El principal hallazgo evidencia que el verbo tocar posee un valor semántico prototípico de tipo descriptivo, alético, y nuevos valores semánticos, prescriptivos. Se concluye que dichos nuevos valores semánticos son el deóntico y el axiológico, lo que demuestra una vez más el carácter evolutivo del lenguaje y la necesidad de brindar información empírica sobre cuestiones filosóficas, como la moral.
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García Serrano, Adriana Alejandra. "Aprender a comportarse como niño: escuelas de párvulos y kindergärten de la Ciudad de México, 1880-1928." Anuario Mexicano de Historia de la Educación 3, no. 1 (2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29351/amhe.v3i1.417.
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En este artículo me propongo reflexionar acerca de las maneras en que se intentó definir, educar y controlar el comportamiento de los niños menores de seis años en las escuelas de párvulos de finales del siglo XIX y los kindergärten de las primeras décadas del siglo XX de la ciudad de México a través de documentos prescriptivos, programas propuestos para estas instituciones y las ideas que sus autores plantearon respecto a cómo debían ser, aprender y actuar las pequeñas infancias. Se mostrará que, a partir de ello, al interior de estas instituciones comenzó a gestarse una cultura escolar específica en la que tuvo lugar una orientación disciplinaria vinculada a lo familiar y una clasificación de los párvulos en función de su desarrollo físico, intelectual y moral pautando normalidades. De esta manera, en este trabajo se sostiene que a través de las escuelas de párvulos y kindergärten las infancias constituyeron un campo de proyecciones por parte de intelectuales, médicos y maestras, en las que, mediante y a la par de ellas, se construyó cierto tipo de niñez. Así, este análisis pretende responder los siguientes cuestionamientos: ¿cómo se pensaba a las infancias en los distintos establecimientos para su cuidado y educación?, ¿de qué maneras se intentó educar y moldear sus comportamientos?, ¿por qué y para qué fue necesario educar la conducta de los párvulos? La perspectiva metodológica consiste en identificar las formas en que los niños pequeños fueron definidos, educados y disciplinados en estas instituciones y cómo se fue configurando una cultura escolar concreta que delineó una infancia particular. El universo empírico consta de documentos normativos, programas, informes, disertaciones, tratados pedagógicos y textos de maestras pioneras. El análisis se sustenta en la historia cultural, concretamente en la perspectiva de las culturas escolares que abarca, entre otros aspectos, las prácticas de orden.
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Dorta, Germán. "Los dispositivos foucaultianos y la salud mental en Uruguay." Nuevo Itinerario 18, no. 2 (2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30972/nvt.1826158.
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Los discursos referidos a la necesidad de cambios en la atención en salud mental, que modifiquen la lógica de atención centrada en el asilo, desde la época de posguerra en Europa pasan a establecerse como orientación de la política pública en salud. Sin embargo, en Latinoamérica y más precisamente en Sudamérica, las reformas en salud mental comienzan a plantearse en el debate público a partir de la década del 80. El siguiente artículo se propone explicar las particularidades del cambio en la atención en salud mental en Uruguay, a partir del concepto foucaultiano de dispositivo. Identificamos que el concepto de dispositivo y las tipologías que Foucault (2004/2006) plantea en el seminario <em>Seguridad, territorio y población</em>, nos permite trazar la heterogeneidad que constituye el campo de la salud mental en Uruguay. Una estrategia de poder sobre la vida en términos anatomopolíticos, permitió establecer al manicomio como principal sostén institucional de la salud mental, aunque en estos momentos es cuestionado tal como establece la ley de salud mental uruguaya del 2017. El cierre de las estructuras asilares y monovalentes y una atención comunitaria según plantea la Ley 19.529 (Uruguay, 2017), expresa regímenes de libertades que deben ser asegurados para aquellos que padecen problemas de salud mental, a su vez dichas libertades plantean costos para la sociedad en su conjunto. En este sentido, el dispositivo de seguridad oficia como grilla de inteligibilidad sobre los cambios de la salud mental desde el 80, en donde se configura un campo heterogéneo y regulado mediante la producción y gestión de libertades bajo el supuesto resguardo de un interés colectivo. <p>Además de indagar sobre el concepto de dispositivo foucaultiano y sus tipologías aplicadas a la atención en salud mental en Uruguay, se mostrará cómo el problema de la seguridad se modula planteando a la comunidad como espacio de gobierno ejemplar en salud mental. A través de textos prescriptivos (Foucault, 1984/1986) como el Plan Nacional de Salud Mental de 1986 y la Ley de salud mental aprobada en 2017, se identifica a la salud mental como un campo heterogéneo y constituido en función de una estrategia de biopoder, que mediante la noción de dispositivo podemos analizar.</p>
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Belova, Olga. "Etiology of Prohibitions and Regulations in the Mirror of Folk Legends and Beliefs." Slavic & Jewish Cultures: Dialogue, Similarities, Differences, no. 2018 (2018): 246–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3356.2018.17.
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The author's task is to formulate some general statements on how prohibitions and regulations addressed to or attributed to the “other” (ethnic, religious) tradition are formed in the Slavic folk culture, and what cultural stereotypes affect the form and content of the prescriptive texts originating and existing in a multi-confessional cultural environment and in the cultural borderlands. We are interested in prohibitions and regulations in the context of folk legends that explain their appearance, and in connection with beliefs that play the role of a kind of fixator of certain prescriptive norms. In the etiological texts (legends, fairy tales) containing the interpretation of the ban / prescription, in addition to the motivation of the described ban / prescription (why something is prohibited or allowed), there may be a reference to the precedent, i.e. the etiology itself (what exactly was the reason, the impetus, the primary source of the ban / prescription).
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Yagenich, L. V. "Prescriptive Signs of an 18th Century English-Language Scientific Medical Text." Nauchnyy Dialog, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-178-193.
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The article is devoted to the problem of studying a written scientific English text in medicine. Attention is paid to the features of its formation as a result of long historical development. The question of the patterns of presentation of prescriptive information in the medical text of the XVIII century, which is considered the final stage of the nationalization of the language of science, is revealed. The author determines that a medical text possessing signs of expressing prescriptiveness functions as informing, regulating and influencing the addressee with the aim of expressing the meanings of duty, recommendation, permission and prohibition. The article contains a definition of prescription in relation to a medical text. The description of the ways of expressing prescriptions by means of linguistic units is presented: verbs used in the passive voice, nouns, adjectives and participles. It is shown that such texts are intended to induce the recipient to accurately follow the instructions of the doctor and to prevent the possibility of double interpretation. The main prescriptions of the medical written English-language scientific text of the XVIII century, used by doctors in relation to the recipients, are identified as having a character that is not compulsory, but politely recommended.
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Grons, Anne. "The Question of the Effectiveness of Coptic Pharmacological Prescriptions." Trends in Classics 13, no. 1 (2021): 122–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tc-2021-0005.
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Abstract Coptic pharmacological texts offer a multitude of medical prescriptions concerning various afflictions, such as eye or skin irritations, affections of the viscera, or even psychological complaints. The content of these texts is medical, and in most cases bereft of any magical or religious ideas. They usually compile prescriptions according to symptoms and/or afflictions, without any further organising principle. Only a handful of texts are grouped according to the illness or to the medicinal plants used. Almost every prescription follows a pattern, with four formal elements: 1) the medical indication (or purpose), 2) the (basic) ingredients, 3) the procedure and application, and 4) the effects and/or the effectiveness of a remedy, or further information. In this article, I give an overview of the entire corpus of Coptic medical prescriptions, explore the four main elements, and especially the discussions of efficacy. I also examine the material in light of placebo research, to see whether something like a placebo effect may have influenced how the pharmacological texts were formulated.
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Domínguez Morales, Elena, and Isabel Soto Déniz. "Estudio contrastivo de los verbos modales deónticos en “A Lady” (1818) y Beeton (1875)." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 50, no. 2 (2024): e60221. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v50i2.60221.
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Este estudio se enfoca en analizar los verbos modales deónticos presentes en dos libros de recetas escritos por mujeres en la Inglaterra del siglo XIX: “A Lady” (1818) y Beeton (1875). Se realiza un análisis contrastivo de cómo las autoras emplean estos verbos, comunes en textos instructivos como las recetas debido a su naturaleza prescriptiva. Los objetivos incluyen identificar los verbos modales deónticos, detectar similitudes o diferencias en su uso y observar posibles variaciones entre ambos textos. A pesar de los cambios significativos en la época, el papel tradicional de las mujeres como cuidadoras y curanderas persiste. La presentación contextualiza el siglo XIX y el papel de la mujer, introduciendo conceptos clave como género, tipo de texto y registro. Asimismo, se explora la naturaleza de los verbos modales y se define el término de modalidad, así como sus principales tipos. Posteriormente, se utiliza la metodología de lingüística de corpus con el Corpus of Women’s Instructive Texts in English (COWITE). En este análisis, se combina enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos para examinar ocurrencias. Los resultados arrojan tanto similitudes como diferencias en el empleo de estos verbos modales, que parecen deberse a estilos lingüísticos diferentes entre las autoras.
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Preininger, Markéta. "BnF Copte 129 (20) fol. 178: Three Healing Prescriptions." Archiv für Papyrusforschung und verwandte Gebiete 68, no. 2 (2022): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apf-2022-0019.
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Abstract BnF Copte 129 (20) fol. 178 is a codex sheet containing several healing prescriptions. The first text is a fumigation recipe for a gynaecological issue including a prayer to be spoken during this procedure, the second is a prayer for healing deafness referring to Malchus, and the third is an unknown prescription. Editions of these texts are produced and contextualized in this paper, with some older Egyptian, Greek, and later Arabic healing texts taken into consideration.
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Balbuena Torezano, María del Carmen, and Teresa Morán Santiago. "La traducción de textos farmacológicos de carácter híbrido (alemán-español): estupefacientes y psicotrópicos." Estudios Franco-Alemanes. Revista internacional de Traducción y Filología 10 (March 1, 2023): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/estfa.v10i.15852.
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El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo realizar un estudio de los textos farmacológicos destinados a autorizar y a contemplar aspectos jurídicos para la prescripción y la autorización para el consumo de estupefacientes y psicotrópicos con fines paliativos; precisamente por el carácter y la finalidad de estos textos, partimos de la premisa de que se trata de textos híbridos, en los que se participa de un lenguaje y un contenido no solo biosanitario, sino también jurídico, dado que el uso y empleo de esta tipología textual genera o tiene consecuencias jurídicas de relevancia innegable. El objetivo final de este estudio es, pues, elaborar un glosario alemán-español que ayude al profesional a realizar la correcta traducción de los textos, así como ofrecer una propuesta de traducción tras analizar el corpus textual elegido para el estudio.
 The objective of this research is evaluating pharmacological texts which are destined to authorise and contemplate legal aspects for the prescription and permission of medical consumption of drugs and psychotropics. Because of the nature and purpose of these texts, we must emphasize the hybridization of them, considering that they have a medical-legal language and content and legal consequences of irrefutable relevance. To achieve the objective, it is necessary to elaborate a useful German-Spanish glossary to help professionals correctly translate the texts, as well as propose our own translation after analizing the texts within the corpus chosen for this study.
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MIN, Hooki. "Types and Treatments of Surgical Diseases in Ancient China Found in Bamboo and Silk Texts: Focusing on External Injuries, Burns and Scalds, Intestines, Anus Diseases." Korean Journal of Medical History 33, no. 2 (2024): 371–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2024.33.371.
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This article aims to analyze the types of surgical diseases and treatments in ancient China as documented in bamboo and silk texts, with a particular focus on (external) injury, tetanus, burns, rectal and anal diseases, and inguinal hernias. For this analysis, I gathered 85 instances of disease and treatments recorded in these texts. The 85 cases were further categorized into 13 (external) injuries, 13 metal wounds, 6 tetanus, 22 burns, 16 rectal and anal diseases, and 15 inguinal hernias.</br>The analysis revealed that the treatment of (external) injury and burns focused primarily on the wound site, while the treatment of metal wounds and tetanus centered on addressing the internal body. Internal treatments were mainly prescribed through the use of medicine and food. Surgical intervention was recommended primarily for diseases of the rectum and anus, with medications applied to the woundspost-surgery. For inguinal hernias, a high-protein diet was typically prescribed.</br>As we’ve seen, in ancient China, surgical diseases were mainly treated with medication, surgery, and dietary prescriptions. And among these prescriptions, drug prescriptions were utilized not only by medical doctors but also by witch–doctors[巫醫] treating diseases in civilian society and soldiers stationed at frontline military posts. In the absence of medical doctors in both civilian society and frontline units, witch–doctors and frontline units purchased or stockpiled prescription drugs and used them to treat patients according to prescription.
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Amatuzzi, Renato Toledo Silva. "A Influência Árabe na Medicina e Cozinha Medieval Aragonesa." Mosaico 11, no. 2 (2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.18224/mos.v11i2.6312.
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Na Coroa de Aragão, entre os séculos XIV e XV, circularam dois tipos de manuscritos bastante populares, os regimentos de saúde e os receituários culinários. Ambos os textos tinham os alimentos como protagonistas, seja para curar, seja para saciar a fome de maneira salutar e também saborosa. Nesses textos, era evidente a presença de alimentos de origem árabe, cujo contato na Península Ibérica se iniciou a partir do século VIII d.C. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as influências de alguns alimentos de origem árabe na dietética real através das receitas culinárias e prescrições médicas que passaram a inserir em seus textos essas novas espécies implantadas em território aragonês.
 
 The Arab Influence in Aragonian Kitchen and Medicine of the Xiv Century
 
 In the Crown of Aragon, in Low Middle Age, in the XIV centurie, circulated two types of quite popular manuscripts: health regiments, and cooking recipes. Both texts had feeding as the protagonist, either to cure or to quench hunger, in a healthy way prioritizing the flavor as well. In these texts, the presence of Arab origin foods was evident, whose contact in the Iberian Peninsula began from the VII century A.D. The goal of this article is to analyze the arab influences of some foods in the dietetics of King James II, the Just, through the culinary recipes and medical prescriptions that began to insert in their texts these new food genres implanted in the Aragonese territory.
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Miłkowski, Marcin. "On the Social Nature of Linguistic Prescriptions." Psychology of Language and Communication 17, no. 2 (2013): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2013-0011.
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Abstract The paper proposes an empirical method to investigate linguistic prescriptions as inherent corrective behaviors. The behaviors in question may but need not necessarily be supported by any explicit knowledge of rules. It is possible to gain insight into them, for example by extracting information about corrections from revision histories of texts (or by analyzing speech corpora where users correct themselves or one another). One easily available source of such information is the revision history of Wikipedia. As is shown, the most frequent and short corrections are limited to linguistic errors such as typos (and editorial conventions adopted in Wikipedia). By perusing an automatically generated revision corpus, one gains insight into the prescriptive nature of language empirically. At the same time, the prescriptions offered are not reducible to descriptions of the most frequent linguistic use.
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Préfontaine, Clémence, and Jacques Lecavalier. "Analyse de l’intelligibilité de textes prescriptifs." Revue québécoise de linguistique 25, no. 1 (2009): 99–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/603128ar.
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RÉSUMÉ L’intelligibilité des textes, telle que nous la définissons, tient compte de l’ensemble des composantes qui en assure la compréhension complète. Nous ne nous limitons pas à considérer les aspects microstructurels (nombre de mots, de phrases, etc.) comme le font les mesures de lisibilité traditionnelles; nous tenons également compte des aspects macrostructurels, ceux qui marquent la progression du texte. Nous présentons ici un instrument qui permet de mesurer cette intelligibilité. Nous l’avons appliqué à des textes prescriptifs (un document bancaire et un document administratif) qui causaient des difficultés de compréhension.
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Saavedra Rey, Alirio Sneider. "La creación literaria en el ámbito educativo: de la estructura superficial a la Construcción narrativa de la realidad." Lenguaje 39, no. 2 (2011): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lenguaje.v39i2.4937.
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A partir del carácter marginal de la creación literaria en los procesos educativos referidos al lenguaje y su atención prescriptiva a la estructura superÞ cial de la lengua, este artículo reconoce al texto literario como composición artística con intencionalidad estética, con el fin de configurar una práctica educativa distintiva con respecto a la producción de otro tipo de textos. Por consiguiente, se propone la construcción narrativa de la realidad y la exploración artística del código lingüístico, lo cual privilegia procesos cognitivos como la simbolización, la creatividad y la imaginación, formando tanto la competencia literaria como la conciencia lingüística.
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Rodieux, Frederique, Sachin Sanduja, Marc Pfister, and John Van den Anker. "NOVEL APP FOR SMARTPHONES AND TABLETS TO OPTIMIZE AND STANDARDIZE DRUG PRESCRIPTIONS IN NEONATES." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (2015): e1.19-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.26.
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BackgroundNeonates in intensive care units (NICU) are highly vulnerable to medication errors. Studies indicate that junior doctors have a prescribing error rate of up to 10%. Prescription errors result in overdosing or underdosing and affect clinical outcomes. Advances in mobile technology have brought opportunities for creating bedside decision support tools, including smartphone applications (apps). Ownership of smartphones and tablets by medical professionals is 80% or higher. The most commonly used apps amongst medical trainees are drug prescription guidelines and calculators.ResultsNovel drug prescription app based on reference texts such as the British National Formulary for children (BNFc), neonatal formulary seventh edition (NNF7) and the Red Book of the American Academy of Pediatrics. This app permits neonatologists to easily access up-to-date dose information and quickly calculate individual dose based on a patient's characteristics (e.g. weight, age, serum creatinine value).ConclusionApps for smartphones and tablets can serve as bedside decision support tools in neonatology. Pharmacometric modeling can be built in such apps to leverage historical and current patient data, individualize dosing strategies, and further optimize treatment benefits for neonates. Furthermore such applications may facilitate standardization of drug prescriptions among the nine NICUs in Switzerland.
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LEE, Jaekyung. "Public Health Care and Clinical Medicine in the Sixteenth Century Joseon: Through the Perspective of <i>Gosachalyo (Selected Essentials on Verified Facts)</i>." Korean Journal of Medical History 34, no. 1 (2025): 37–88. https://doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2025.34.037.
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This paper analyzes the historical origins and contents of the “Prices of Herbal Medicines” and “Prices of Prescription Medicines” sections within <i>Gosachalyo</i> (Selected Essentials on Verified Facts, 1554), examining how the accumulation of medical knowledge during the early Joseon dynasty influenced sixteenth century public healthcare services and clinical practices.</br>These price lists, which detail medicinal herbs and prescription drugs sold by the Jeonuigam (Directorate of Medicine) and the Hyeminseo (Office of Benefiting the People)—the Joseon government’s primary public healthcare institutions—were based on prices established during the reign of King Seongjong (1469-1494), with some subsequent adjustments. By the early sixteenth century, 141 prescriptions had been compiled in <i>Yakmyeong</i> (Names of Medicines). This collection was later annotated by an unknown medical official under the title <i>Chiyobokbeop</i> (Gist and Dosage of Medicine). During the compilation of <i>Gosachalyo</i> in 1553 (the eighth year of King Myeongjong’s reign), royal physician Yang Yesu significantly augmented this repertoire, incorporating numerous contemporary prescriptions and organizing a list of 266 medicines.</br>While some price adjustments are evident, the listed prices of herbal medicines and prescription drugs remained largely consistent with those established during King Seongjong’s reign. The Joseon government maintained these officially promulgated prices for approximately sixty years—from the late Seongjong period until the publication of the first edition of <i>Gosachalyo</i> in 1554—and this price stability continued into the early seventeenth century. This policy reflects the government’s commitment to ensuring a stable and accessible supply of medicines for the subjects.</br>Compared to <i>Yakmyeong</i> of the early sixteenth century, the mid-sixteenth-century <i>Gosachalyo</i> contains nearly twice as many prescriptions, covering a broader range of diseases. The newly added prescriptions targeted prevalent societal health threats, such as dysentery, and other previously under-treated illnesses.</br>Joseon medical practitioners actively engaged medical texts imported from the Ming dynasty, such as <i>Yixue Zhengzhuan</i> (Orthodox Documentations of Medicines, 1515), to meet the growing and diverse medical needs of society. By the mid-sixteenth century, Joseon’s clinical medicine was transitioning from the “Old Prescription” stage—reliant on older compendia like <i>Hejijufang</i> (Formulas from the Imperial Pharmacy, 1148) and <i>Dexiaofang</i> (Effective Formulas, 1337)—to a “New Prescription” stage, characterized by the adoption of the Ming dynasty’s medical knowledge. These sixteenth-century imports not only revolutionized Joseon’s clinical practices but also significantly impacted the government’s public health initiatives.
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Sable, Prof A. V., Avantika Patil, Mayur Rathi, and Ayush Shriwas. "Interpreting Doctor Notes using Handwriting Recognition." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (2024): 3118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.60663.
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Abstract: Handwriting recognition of medical prescriptions has been a challenging problem over the recent years with constant research in providing possible accurate solutions. Indecipherable handwritten prescription and inefficiency of Pharmacist to understand the medical prescription can lead to serious and harmful effect to the patients. Even in the recognition of handwriting, mainly doctors notes, they are very difficult for everyone to understand and it takes time for a person to analyse it. So, this idea mainly focused on interpreting doctor’s notes using handwritten recognition and deep learning techniques. The handwritten or printed document pictures are transformed into their electronic counterparts using an optical character recognition (OCR) system. Due to individuals' inconsistent writing styles, dealing with handwritten texts is significantly more difficult than dealing with printed ones. Handwritten text recognition could be done by Image processing, Machine Learning or Deep Learning Techniques. Out of these Deep Learning remains to be the most popular and prominent. Some of the Deep Learning techniques includes Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). This gives a review of the various recognition methodologies used for interpreting handwritten texts. It includes the most important algorithms that could be used for detecting the handwritten word/text/character by using various approaches for the recognition process. In the end we are thus comparing the accuracies provided by these systems.
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Prouillac, Caroline. "Use of Antimicrobials in a French Veterinary Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study." Antibiotics 10, no. 11 (2021): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10111369.
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Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for not only human health, but also for animal health. To preserve the efficacy of antibiotics, it has become essential to establish measures to regulate the prescription of antibiotics to ensure their prudent use. In France, these measures have been translated into regulations for animal health since 2015, with the publication of three important regulatory texts. The results obtained on a national scale in terms of reducing the use of antibiotics have been satisfactory. The aim of our study was to evaluate the differences related to the prescription of antimicrobials at the veterinary teaching hospital of the Veterinary School of Lyon (CHUV) before and after the implementation of French regulations. Prescriptions and consumption of antimicrobials were examined, along with bacteriological analyses, for the period of 2014–2020, for companion animals and horses. The most frequently prescribed compounds were broad-spectrum antimicrobials, including penicillins with β-lactamase inhibitors, as well as first-generation cephalosporins tetracyclines and sulfamides. The prescription and consumption of critically important antibiotics (CIA) strongly decreased during the study period, with an increase of bacteriological analyses. This study shows the interest of having computerized tools to monitor the use of antimicrobials to implement corrective measures if needed.
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Dols Salas, Nicolau. "Descripció i prescripció en la Gramàtica catalana de Fabra (1918) i en la Gramàtica de la Llengua Catalana de l’IEC (2016)." Ítaca. Revista de Filologia, no. 10 (December 15, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/itaca2019.10.03.
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L’aparició de la Gramàtica de la Llengua Catalana (2016), de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans, ha fet sorgir un debat sobre els límits de la descripció i la prescripció gramaticals. En el fons, es tracta de decidir si la competència dels parlants ha de ser dirigida externament o si, per contra, ha de constituir la base natural de la prescripció. Aquest article aprofita la proposta de Myhill (2004) sobre els factors subjacents de la normativa —autoritat instituïda, respecte pels texts antics, i prestigi d’un grup social— per a analitzar la pràctica prescriptiva en la Gramàtica catalana de Fabra (1918) i en la gramàtica normativa vigent de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans. La voluntat fabriana de basar la normativa gramatical en la competència dels parlants més que no en els texts antics, només usats secundàriament, xoca amb una certa fossilització de la concepció normativa d’alguns crítics de la Gramàtica de la Llengua Catalana (2016), més proclius a un model gramatical d’autoritat prescriptiva explícita. Els arguments a favor d’aquesta darrera posició es basen en una percepció de decliu de la competència dels parlants, que es pot arribar a negar a les generacions més joves. S’il·lustren casos clars d’orientació descriptiva en la Gramàtica catalana de 1918, no només com a constatació de com és el català, sinó també d’aspectes sense consens clar entre els parlants —ús de en i al davant infinitiu— a l’espera de la determinació social d’una preferència. També s’analitzen la tècnica prescriptiva de la Gramàtica de la llengua catalana, amb determinació de quatre fórmules prescriptives, una de les quals («s’evita», i no pas «cal evitar») pot analitzar-se com a reconeixement de la capacitat del parlant per navegar entre els nivells de formalitat a què té accés.
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Dufournet Coestier, Virginie. "De l’ indésirable à celui de besoins éducatifs particuliers : retour sur le parcours prescriptif de la scolarisation de l’enfant-voyageur en France (1966-2012)." Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière » N° 21, no. 1 (2019): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhei.021.0209.
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En prenant appui sur le versant historique d’une recherche doctorale portant sur la fabrication d’une politique de scolarisation en France pour un public d’élèves reconnus comme ayant des besoins éducatifs particuliers, l’article retrace le processus de production de textes prescriptifs effectué par l’Institution scolaire pour les élèves dits « du voyage » en France durant la seconde moitié du XX e siècle. Il s’agira dans un premier temps d’introduire et de contextualiser cette fabrique institutionnelle d’une scolarisation qui peine à se dégager d’une action publique surplombante. Dans un deuxième temps nous analyserons les quatre circulaires produites pour scolariser ces jeunes avec un attachement particuliers à l’ouverture et les reprises des discours institutionnels sous l’angle de la relation de connivence. Enfin, nous pourrons envisager les enjeux et les effets de cette production prescriptive.
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Ling, Li, and Keith McMahon. "The Contents and Terminology of the Mawangdui Texts on the Arts of the Bedchamber." Early China 17 (1992): 145–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800003709.
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In the Han, the art of the bedchamber belonged to the disciplines called “prescriptions and techniques,” which also included various medical arts such as nutrition, internal conduction, and associated incantations and spells. This essay investigates the Mawangdui art of the bedchamber texts with special emphasis on their terminology, and briefly addresses the importance of these texts in studying ancient Chinese culture.Seven texts are examined: “Prescriptions for nourishing life,” “Prescriptions for miscellaneous cures,” “Book of childbirth,” “Ten questions,” ’Joining yin and yang” “Prescriptions for miscellaneous spells,” and “Talks on the loftiest ways under heaven.” The terminology found in these works is organized into the following categories: male and female genitals, the steps of foreplay, positions and methods of intercourse, the benefits and harms of intercourse, techniques of ejaculation control, and male and female sexual reactions. The terminology and topical categories of later bedchamber texts are highly consistent with the Mawangdui texts, especially regarding the following three most influential concepts: “the method of nine shallow and one deep,” “ride many young women, but ejaculate rarely,” and “returning jing to supplement the brain.”
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Kim, Yunseo, Eunsu Lee, Roa Jeong, et al. "Selection of Machine Learning Models for Prescription Decision-Making Based on Text Mining - Focusing on Case Studies of Single Prescriptions in Sasang Constitutional Medicine." Journal of Korean Medicine 46, no. 1 (2025): 70–86. https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.25006.
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Objectives : We analyzed Sasang constitution case reports using text mining and designed a classification algorithm using machine learning to select a model suitable for determining Sasang constitution prescriptions based on text data.Methods: Case reports on Sasang constitution published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2023, were collected. A total of 360 papers and 483 cases were identified, from which text was extracted for 253 cases. The extracted texts were preprocessed and tokenized using the Python-based KoNLPy package, and each morpheme was vectorized using TF-IDF values. To select the most suitable classification model for diagnosing Sasang constitution, the performance of five models—Random Forest Classifier, XGBoost, LightGBM, SVM, and Logistic Regression—was evaluated based on accuracy and F1-Score.Results: The highest accuracy was achieved by Random Forest Classifier (0.57037), followed by SVM (0.544444), Logistic Regression (0.518519), LightGBM (0.481481), and XGBoost (0.474074). The F1 score was highest for Random Forest Classifier (0.528), followed by SVM (0.52039), Logistic Regression (0.500861), XGBoost (0.45866), and LightGBM (0.446349).Conclusions: This study is the first to analyze Sasang constitution prescription decisions by applying text mining and machine learning to case reports, providing a concrete research model for follow-up studies. Based on case reports and text data, the most suitable machine learning model for determining Sasang constitution prescriptions is Random Forest Classifier.
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Sauer, James B. "Religious texts, moral prescriptions and economy: the case of interest." Managerial Finance 25, no. 5 (1999): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03074359910765920.
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Saxena, Shishir. "When Texts Clash: Mīmāṃsā Thinkers on Conflicting Prescriptions and Prohibitions". Journal of Indian Philosophy 48, № 3 (2020): 467–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-020-09428-z.
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Poptsova, Ekaterina D. "GERMAN HOUSEHOLD INSTRUCTION AS A SPECIAL SUBTYPE OF PRESCRIPTIVE TEXTS." Bulletin of the South Ural State University series Linguistics 14, no. 1 (2017): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ling170113.
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Fischer, Elizabeth A. "Prescriptions for Curing English Teacher Split Personality Disorder." English Journal 89, no. 4 (2000): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej2000569.
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Pichugina, Victoria. "School institutes and mentoring apprenticeship in Ancient tragedies." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 13, no. 1 (2019): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-1-137-152.
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Ancient Greek tragedies of the 5th century BC are considered as double texts (texts for scenic incarnation and texts for reading) that ensured the development of school institutions and mentoring apprenticeship and reflected the pedagogical positions of playwrights on these institutions. Texts of tragedies as texts for scenic incarnation were aimed at adult students - townspeople, who continued their education in the theater as a special educational landscape – school on the stage. Texts of tragedies as texts for reading were texts for schoolchildren who used them as notebooks with prescriptions for rewriting or as text-exercises for reading aloud, reciting, memorizing.
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Nicholls, Kate E. "Prescriptions/descriptions: Relationship ‘norms’ and the ‘othering’ of relationships within self-help texts." Lesbian & Gay Psychology Review 7, no. 2 (2006): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpslg.2006.7.2.192.
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This paper describes the relationship norms inherent within relationship self-help texts and explores ‘othered’ relationship styles and practices. A form of discourse analysis was used to analyse 12 texts in terms of the presentation of the author and the advice presented, and for the social constructions of personal relationships. It was found that regardless of the approach adopted by the author (in terms of a nonhierarchical or hierarchical style), the relationship constructions presented were equally problematic in terms of their normative prescriptive ideals. The texts contained heterosexist norms and a general inattention and invisibility of lesbian, gay or bisexual relationships. Furthermore, marriage and ‘coupledom’ was presented as the ideal relationship style, with a marginalisation of singleness and non-monogamous relationships. Caution is needed when reading and recommending relationship self-help texts, as they contain powerful positional devices and prescribe particular relationship patterns/structures.
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Zhou, Yiqun. "The Status of Mothers in the Early Chinese Mourning System." T’oung Pao 99, no. 1-3 (2013): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685322-9913p0001.
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This essay examines the prescriptions on mourning for mothers in the Yili and the Liji, aiming to bring out the complex and evolving nature of the status of mothers in the centuries that saw the initial codification of the Chinese mourning system. The discrepancies between texts and within the same text, together with the ambiguity and lacunae in prescriptions, show that women’s identities in the patrilineal family were continuously contested and reshaped in the preimperial and early imperial periods. Major themes explored include: the fragmentation and fluidity of maternal roles, the tension between patrilineal principles and natural feelings, the ambivalent roles of divorced mothers and remarried mothers, the systematic suppression of mothers of concubine status, and the intricate linkage between the wife’s status and the mother’s status. The changes and ambiguities emphasized in the paper have important implications for our understanding of the later evolution of the mourning system. Cet article s’intéresse aux prescriptions relatives au deuil des mères dans le Yili et le Liji; l’objectif est de mettre en évidence la complexité et le caractère évolutif du statut des mères pendant les siècles qui ont vu les débuts de la codification du système de deuil en Chine. Les divergences entre les textes ou à l’intérieur d’un même texte, en même temps que les ambiguïtés et les lacunes des prescriptions, montrent que les identités féminines au sein de la famille patrilinéaire n’ont cessé d’être contestées et refaçonnées pendant la période pré-impériale et au début de l’empire. Les principaux thèmes abordés incluent la fragmentation et la fluidité des rôles maternels, la tension entre les principes patrilinéaires et les sentiments naturels, le rôle ambivalent des mères divorcées ou remariées, le refoulement systématique des mères ayant le statut de concubines, et les relations complexes entre le statut de l’épouse et celui de la mère. Les évolutions et les ambiguïtés mises en avant dans l’article ont des implications importantes pour notre compréhension de l’évolution ultérieure du système de deuil.
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Tadayoni, Bahareh, Ehsan Amiri, and Faezeh Soorani. "Knowledge in Medical Prescriptions with the Help of Genetic Fuzzy Hybrid Model." International Journal of Pioneering Technology and Engineering 2, no. 02 (2023): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56158/jpte.2023.51.2.02.
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Following the progress made in the construction of high-speed processors, the limiting effect of the way data is entered into the computer on the speed of information transfer has become more apparent. By using processing devices, in addition to achieving higher speed in the data retrieval stage, it is also possible to use their pre-processing capabilities and change the data format. Considering the importance of the topic and the work that has been done in this field, the need to discover the knowledge of the existing features with the help of choosing the appropriate feature for the classification of texts is well felt. In this article, genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic have been used to present a method for classifying texts in insurance booklets. This system is based on several stages. These steps include the learning phase that examines a set of educational texts to extract the characteristics of the categories to be the characteristics of each category; the test phase of the system is used to classify uncategorized texts. The proposed method's accuracy has been assessed using a collection of patient notebooks, and the outcomes indicate an accuracy of around 98% for the classification.
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Skorofatova, Аnna. "Deontic modality and the category of performativity in the aspect of legal text's linguistics." Current issues of Ukrainian linguistics: theory and practice, no. 49 (2024): 46–60. https://doi.org/10.17721/apultp.2024.49.46-60.
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The article states that the problem of verbal expression of performativity in a legal text is debatable, therefore, the author considers language and non-language marks of the executive power of the legislator's statements in the form of legal prescriptions; characterizes means of expression of deontic modality in normative legal acts; determines the language components of the performativity of the act of establishing the law by means of a pragmatic analysis of a legal text; describes categorical properties of a legal expression; analyses textual and non-textual marks of performativity in the context of deontic modality and directiveness of normative utterances. Among the means of expressing deontic modality in legal texts, a precept, prohibition and permission in explicit and implicit expression are considered on the examples of legal acts, in particular the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Performatives against the background of other speech acts are typologically divided into verdictives (judgments, decrees, sentences), commissives (obligations, promises, declared intentions), behavitives (behaviour in society – greetings, apologizing, condoling, etc.), expositives (metalanguage statements), exercitives (utterances that exercise powers). The research made it possible to establish that legal texts as units of legal discourse are performative in terms of their language and non-language marks. The legal prescriptions that contained in them are established in a traditional manner and are obligatory. The system of these prescriptions exists in the public consciousness and creates legal relations. The article presents only some logical and linguistic characteristics of deontic modality and performativity of legal texts, therefore, numerous aspects of other categories of legal texts (communicativeness, coherence and intertextuality) require further development.
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Latorre, Guillermo, Olly Vega, and Cristián Opazo. "Componentes semántico-discursivos, modalidades enunciativas y la imagen de las superpotencias en "El Diario Ilustrado (1957-1962)." Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción 7 (2002): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/onomazein.7.03.
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El presente trabajo forma parte de una serie de estudios sobre el discurso de la Guerra Fría en la prensa chilena. El corpus de la investigación está forma-do por 57 editoriales y artículos de opinión extraídos, entre 1957 y 1962, del más conservador de los periódicos chilenos, El Diario Ilustrado. Los textos analizados son clasificados de acuerdo a los tipos de componentes semántico-discursivos que ellos presentan; a saber, (1) componente descriptivo-evaluativo,(2) componente didáctico-ético y (3) componente prescriptivo-exhortativo. Asimismo, se analizan las modalidades del enunciado presentes en los textos:(1) axiológica, que expresa juicios de valor, y (2) deóntica, que expresa acciones y actitudes deseables. El análisis también ilustra cómo los compo-nentes semánticos y las modalidades del enunciado se formulan a través de metáforas y grupos adjetivales y nominales.
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Brunel, Magali, and Isabelle de Peretti. "Approches analytiques des textes littéraires, entre texte et lecteur. Quelles prescriptions ? Quelles pratiques ?" Le français aujourd'hui N°210, no. 3 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lfa.210.0003.
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Ivannikova, Liudmyla. "Prescriptions and Prohibitions in Calendar Narratives of the Hubcha Village (Khmelnytskyi Region)." Slov'ânsʹkij svìt, no. 21 (December 30, 2022): 62–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/slavicworld2022.21.062.
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The article deals with normative texts that coordinate, regulate and govern human behavior both in everyday life and in certain sacred time intervals. They reflect the people’s worldview on casual relationships in the surrounding world and in human life. These are beliefs, signs, omens, superstitions, calendar and oneirologic narratives. All these texts contain recommendations and prohibitions on what should and should not be done at different time periods. The subject of the study are the calendar narratives from the Hubcha village (Khmelnytskyi Region) that contain original plots reflecting the system of prescriptions and prohibitions, as well as punishments for their violation. The material for the research are the prose narratives and small folklore forms representing the local tradition of one village and recorded by the authoress in the late 20th – early 21st century. By their content, they are clearly divided into two categories: 1) texts that regulate the tradition, such as a ban on certain types of food and leisure during fasting, or recommendations for performing certain types of work during the calendar year; and 2) texts that describe punishment for violating behavioural norms. The most common prohibitions recalled by the pillars of this village’s tradition include: sweeping out the garbage and whitewashing in the hut, especially the stove, on Christmas holidays; overhearing cattle’s chatter on New Year’s Eve; performing any kind of work on holidays, especially on Mavka’s Easter; and disrespecting any (even a minor) holiday, including Sunday. A violator of these prescriptions and prohibitions will face an inevitable punishment, such as illness, or even death. A number of abnormal natural phenomena (drought, torrential rain, crop failure, pests) are also explained by violations, during annual holidays, of certain prohibitions, such as blocking a fence on Radunytsia (Saint Thomas Week); or a woman was the first to enter the house on a big holiday, etc. All these instructions are often combined with initial and prognostic magic techniques. In some cases, the calendar narrative is contaminated with dream interpretation. These are mostly plots about almsgiving: the deceased in a dream reports receiving alms, he thanks or reproaches for improper alms, or asks for alms through a dream. Sometimes, people see in their dreams the afterlife of their relatives, who were generous or greedy. These texts are rooted in the Christian worldview and are narrated mainly during the Great Lent. Another series of contaminations of the calendar narrative with dream interpretation is attached to the Feast of the Jesus Transfiguration. These are plots common throughout the Slavonic world that dead children are not given apples in the other world if their mothers ate them before the Apple Feast of the Saviour. All the regulations available in the texts may be divided into three groups: a system of prescriptions, a system of prohibitions, and a system of punishments. All these texts had a pedagogical function, transmitting behavioural stereotypes and fixing certain customs that became an everyday norm.
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Dorošenko, Jeļena. "Modality Markers and Shifting Genre Conventions in Dictionary Definitions." Baltic Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture 5 (June 5, 2015): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/bjellc.05.2015.02.
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The paper analyses the entries of Oxford Fowler’s Modern English Usage (2004), building up on our previous research on changes in modality of lexicographic discourse. It is argued that its prescriptivist stance has been toned down not only by the preference for genre-specific epistemic modality markers instead of deontic modality markers, but also by employing in definitions a wide scope of common epistemic modality markers related to probability, certainty or uncertainty as regards the validity of the proposition. The prevailing defining vocabulary is now that of opinion or advice. Recommendations on usage also often refer to register variables singled out by systemic-functional linguistics: tenor (degrees of formality signalled by labels like formal, informal, and by pragmatic labels: offensive, affectionate, etc.), field (legal language, marketing, etc.) and marking the type of discourse and mode (spoken – written). Register variables split the notion of Standard English further and qualify prescriptive statements on usage, making them fully valid for a particular register only. Thus, the analysis reveals a broad range of both non-specific and genre-specific low modality markers employed in the texts of dictionary entries as new genre conventions of both content and form. It shows that these conventions are historically relative and that low modality is a new mode of address to dictionary users.
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Wright, Jan, and Rebecca Dean. "A balancing act - problematising prescriptions about food and weight in school health texts." Utbildning & Demokrati – tidskrift för didaktik och utbildningspolitk 16, no. 2 (2007): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.48059/uod.v16i2.856.
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Vaismoradi, Mojtaba, Sara Amaniyan, and Sue Jordan. "Patient Safety and Pro Re Nata Prescription and Administration: A Systematic Review." Pharmacy 6, no. 3 (2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy6030095.
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PRN is the acronym for ‘pro re nata,’ written against prescriptions whose administration should be based on patients’ needs, rather than at set times. The aim of this systematic review was to explore safety issues and adverse events arising from PRN prescription and administration. Electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed [including Medline], Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science and ProQuest were systematically searched to retrieve articles published from 2005 to 2017. Selection criteria: we included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and studies with comparison groups, comparing PRN prescription and administration with scheduled administration, where safety issues and adverse events were reported. The authors independently assessed titles, abstracts and full-texts of retrieved studies based on inclusion criteria and risk of bias. Results were summarised narratively. The search identified 7699 articles. Title, abstract and full-text appraisals yielded 5 articles. The included studies were RCTs with one exception, a pre-test post-test experimental design. Patient populations, interventions and outcomes varied. Studies compared patient-controlled or routine administration with PRN and one trial assessed the effect of a practice guideline on implementation of PRN administration. More analgesia was administered in the patient-controlled than the PRN arms but pain reduction was similar. However, there was little difference in administration of psychotropic medicines. No differences between patient-controlled and PRN groups were reported for adverse events. The PRN practice guideline improved PRN patient education but non-documentation of PRN administration increased. This systematic review suggests that PRN safety issues and adverse events are an under-researched area of healthcare practice. Variations in the interventions, outcomes and clinical areas make it difficult to judge the overall quality of the evidence. Well-designed RCTs are needed to identify any safety issues and adverse events associated with PRN administration.
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Witczak-Plisiecka, Iwona. "Christopher Williams, Tradition and Change in Legal English. Verbal Constructions in Prescriptive Texts." Journal of Pragmatics 39, no. 3 (2007): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2006.09.009.
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Abdullah, Malak, Dia Abujaber, Ahmed Al-Qarqaz, Rob Abbott, and Mirsad Hadzikadic. "Combating propaganda texts using transfer learning." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 12, no. 2 (2023): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v12.i2.pp956-965.
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Recently, it has been observed that people are shifting away from traditional news media sources towards trusting social networks to gather news information. Social networks have become the primary news source, although the validity and reliability of the information provided are uncertain. Memes are crucial content types that are very popular among young people and play a vital role in social media. It spreads quickly and continues to spread rapidly among people in a peer-to-peer manner rather than a prescriptive. Unfortunately, promoters and propagandists have adopted memes to indirectly manipulate public opinion and influence their attitudes using psychological and rhetorical techniques. This type of content could lead to unpleasant consequences in communities. This paper introduces an ensemble model system that resolves one of the most recent natural language processing research topics; propaganda techniques detection in texts extracted from memes. The paper also explores state-of-the-art pretrained language models. The proposed model also uses different optimization techniques, such as data augmentation and model ensemble. It has been evaluated using a reference dataset from SemEval-2021 task 6. Our system outperforms the baseline and state-of-the-art results by achieving an F1-micro score of 0.604% on the test set.
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Malak, Abdullah, Abujaber Dia, Al-Qarqaz Ahmed, Abbott Rob, and Hadzikadic Mirsad. "Combating propaganda texts using transfer learning." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 12, no. 2 (2023): 956–65. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v12.i2.pp956-965.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, it has been observed that people are shifting away from traditional news media sources towards trusting social networks to gather news information. Social networks have become the primary news source, although the validity and reliability of the information provided are uncertain. Memes are crucial content types that are very popular among young people and play a vital role in social media. It spreads quickly and continues to spread rapidly among people in a peer-to-peer manner rather than a prescriptive. Unfortunately, promoters and propagandists have adopted memes to indirectly manipulate public opinion and influence their attitudes using psychological and rhetorical techniques. This type of content could lead to unpleasant consequences in communities. This paper introduces an ensemble model system that resolves one of the most recent natural language processing research topics; propaganda techniques detection in texts extracted from memes. The paper also explores state-of-the-art pre-trained language models. The proposed model also uses different optimization techniques, such as data augmentation and model ensemble. It has been evaluated using a reference dataset from SemEval-2021 task 6. Our system outperforms the baseline and state-of-the-art results by achieving an F1-micro score of 0.604% on the test set.
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Tufanova, Olga A. "Characters’ Speeches as a Plot-Forming Technique in Chronicle “Deviant” Texts." Studia Litterarum 10, no. 2 (2025): 202–18. https://doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2025-10-2-202-218.
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The article examines one of the early chronicle plots, which is based on a conflict of perception of situations and actions, leading to deviant behavior and criminal acts. Using the example of the plot about gathering tribute from the Drevlyans by Prince Igor in the Tale of Bygone Years, the article shows that one of the distinctive features of the texts of this group is the absence of a direct assessment, and the plot lines developed or outlined in them are built on obvious or hidden conflicts of perception by the opposing parties of situation. The characters’ speeches play a significant role in the formation of this plot. In most cases, they represent collective prescriptive speech acts with a typical non-verbal reaction of the characters to whom they were addressed, and a perlocutionary effect, which finds expression in the implementation of verbal appeals by specific actions. A comparison of the original plot with its versions in other chronicle collections shows that in some cases the scribes completely reproduce the text from the Tale of Bygone Years (Lviv Chronicle), while others change historically significant details, still generally preserving the plot outline (Ustyug Chronicle in the copy of L.S. Matsievich, Arkhangelsk Chronicle), and others transform the plot into a short annual record (Vologda Chronicle, Rogozhsky Chronicle). The plot transforms most noticeably in the Book of Degrees, in which the originally hermeneutic narrative simplifies to an ordinary crime plot, common in Russian history. Collective prescriptive speech acts play a significant role in this simplification and plot transformation.
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Harris, Robert A. "Sexual Orientation in the Presentation of Joseph's Character in Biblical and Rabbinic Literature." AJS Review 43, no. 01 (2019): 67–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009419000035.
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This article explores rabbinic traditions that see in the character of Joseph a figure of uncertain sexual orientation. I examine a series of rabbinic and biblical texts in which an unconventional gender dynamic may be present. While it is true that these biblical and rabbinic texts ran contrary to the normative ideational and behaviorally prescriptive traditions concerning sexuality presented by the main body of biblical and rabbinic texts, it is nonetheless true that the texts I examine invite readers to see an alternative dynamic through their stories. I will employ a variety of methodologies, including philological/critical scholarship, close literary reading, and queer theory, through which we might most profitably examine the interpretative traditions I consider.