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Journal articles on the topic 'Th(IV) Complexes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Rungthanaphatsophon, Pokpong, O. Jonathan Fajen, Steven P. Kelley, and Justin R. Walensky. "Thorium(IV) and Uranium(IV) Phosphaazaallenes." Inorganics 7, no. 9 (2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics7090105.

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The synthesis of tetravalent thorium and uranium complexes with the phosphaazaallene moiety, [N(tBu)C=P(C6H5)]2−, is described. The reaction of the bis(phosphido) complexes, (C5Me5)2An[P(C6H5)(SiMe3)]2, An = Th, U, with two equivalents of tBuNC produces (C5Me5)2An(CNtBu)[η2-(N,C)-N(tBu)C=P(C6H5)] with concomitant formation of P(SiMe3)2(C6H5) via silyl migration. These complexes are characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as structurally determined using X-ray crystallography.

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2

Stobbe, Brian C., Douglas R. Powell, and Robert K. Thomson. "Schiff base thorium(iv) and uranium(iv) chloro complexes: synthesis, substitution and oxidation chemistry." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 15 (2017): 4888–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt00580f.

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Schiff base chloro complexes of U(iv) and Th(iv) are prepared and provide access to rare pseudo trans diazide species, and a facile pathway to uranyl complexes through oxidation with NaNO<sub>2</sub>.

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3

Zhang, Zhicheng, Bernard F. Parker, Trevor D. Lohrey, Simon J. Teat, John Arnold, and Linfeng Rao. "Complexation-assisted reduction: complexes of glutaroimide-dioxime with tetravalent actinides (Np(iv) and Th(iv))." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 24 (2018): 8134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt01191e.

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Glutaroimide-dioxime forms strong complexes with Np(iv) and Th(iv) in aqueous solution and in crystals. The formation of Np(iv) complexes from initial Np(v) is interpreted by a complexation-assisted reduction mechanism.

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4

Mohapatra, Ranjan K., S. Ghosh, P. Naik, and D. C. Dash. "Dinuclear UO2(VI), Th(IV), ZrO(IV) and VO(IV) complexes based on some Schiff-base ligands: Synthesis and structural elucidation." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 2, no. 1 (2013): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v2i1.908.

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A series of homo binuclear complexs of the type [M2(L/L’)(NO3)n(H2O)2], [where M=UO22+, Th4+, ZrO2+] and [(VO)2(L/L’)(SO4)(H2O)], L= 4, 17-di(o-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,9,12,15,16-hexaaza-7,8,13,14-tetraphenyl heptadec-4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16-hexene or L’= 10:11-benzo-4, 17-di(o-hydroxyphenyl)-5,6,9,12,15,16-hexaaza-7,8,13,14-tetraphenyl heptadec-4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 16-hexene, n=2 for UO22+, ZrO2+ n=6 for Th4+, have been synthesized in template method from ethylenediamine/orthophenylene diamine, benzil monohydrazone and salicyldehyde and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, thermal analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic moment, electronic, infrared, 1H-NMR studies. The results indicate that the VO(IV) ion is penta co-ordinated yielding paramagnetic complexes; UO2(VI), ZrO(IV) ions are hexa co-ordinated where as Th(IV) ion is octa co-ordinated yielding diamagnetic complexes of above composition.

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5

Ranjan, Kumar Mohapatra. "Synthesis and characterization of U02 VI, ThIV and VOIV complexes with a Schiff base and their derivatives with monochloroacetic acid." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 87, Oct 2010 (2010): 1251–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5805032.

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Department of Chemistry, Orissa School of Mining Engineering (Degree Stream), Keonjhar-758 001, Orissa, India <em>E-mail :</em> ranjank_mohapatra@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received 16 November 2009, revised 31 March 2010, accepted 28 April 2010</em> A series of UO<sub>2</sub> <sup>IV</sup>, Th<sup>IV</sup> and VO<sup>IV</sup> complexes have been synthesized with Schiff base "1, 7-di(o-hydroxyphenyl)- 2,3,5,6-tetraaza-1,6-heptadiene-4-thione" derived from thiocarbohydrazide and salicylaldehyde. Reaction of these complexes with monochloroacetic acid yielded another series of complexes having Schiff base "3-(1'-<em>o</em>-hydroxyphenyl-2'- azaethen-2' -yl)-2-(1'-<em>o</em>-hydroxyphenyl-2' -azaethen-2' -yl)imino-4-thiazolidinone" obtained after cyclization with monochloroacetic acid. The complexes are characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, thermal analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic mon1enl, electronic, infrared spectral studies. The results indicate that the VO<sup>IV</sup> ion is tetra coordinated yielding paramagnetic complexes, UO<sub>2</sub><sup>VI</sup> ion is hexa coordinated where as Th<sup>IV</sup> ion is octa coordinated yielding diamagnetic complexes of above stoichiometry. The ESR spectral data for VO<sup>IV</sup> complexes and all <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra for diamagnetic complexes are in consistent with the above results.

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6

Verma, Sarika, Sarita Shrivastva, and Rashmi Shrivastva. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Physicochemical Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Inner Transition Metals with Lansoprazole and Cytosine." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/309179.

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Few complexes of inner transition metals [Th(IV), Ce(IV), Nd(III), Gd(III)] have been synthesized by reacting their metal salts with lansoprazole, 2-([3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl]methylsulfinyl)-1H-benzoimidazole and cytosine. All the complexes were synthesized in ethanolic medium. The yield percentage rangs from 80 to 90%. The complexes are coloured solids. The complexes were characterized through elemental analyses, conductance measurements, and spectroscopic methods (FT IR, FAB Mass,1H NMR and UV). An IR spectrum indicates that the ligand behaves as bidentate ligands. The metal complexes have been screened for their antifungal activity towardsAspergillus nigerfungi. The interaction of inner transition metals with lansoprazole, in presence of cytosine, has also been investigated potentiometrically at two different temperatures26±1°C and36±1°C and at 0.1 M (KNO3) ionic strength. The stability constants of ternary complexes indicate the stability order as Th(IV) < Ce(IV) < Gd(III) < Nd(III).logKvalues obtained are positive and suggest greater stabilization of ternary complexes. The values of thermodynamic parameters (free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) are also calculated.

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7

Hardy, E. E., K. M. Wyss, J. D. Gorden, I. R. Ariyarathna, E. Miliordos, and A. E. V. Gorden. "Th(iv) and Ce(iv) napthylsalophen sandwich complexes: characterization of unusual thorium fluorescence in solution and solid-state." Chemical Communications 53, no. 88 (2017): 11984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc06868a.

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8

Inman, Christopher J., and F. Geoffrey N. Cloke. "The experimental determination of Th(iv)/Th(iii) redox potentials in organometallic thorium complexes." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 29 (2019): 10782–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01553a.

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9

Upase, A. B., A. B. Zade, and P. P. Kalbende. "Spectrophotometric Microdetermination of Thorium(IV) and Uranium(VI) with Chrome Azurol-S in Presence of Cationic Surfactant." E-Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 3 (2011): 1132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/258782.

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Cationic surfactant, cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide (CDMEAB), sensitize the color reactions of Th(IV) and U(VI) with chrome azurol-S(CRAS). Formation of water soluble deeply colored ternary complexes of metal ions show large bathochromic shift. Same stoichiometric composition of ternary complexes with 1:2:4 molar ratio (M-CRAS-CDMEAB) have been observed for both the metal ions and are responsible for enhancement in molar absorptivities and sensitivities at shifted wavelength. The ternary complexes of thorium(IV) and uranium(VI) exhibit absorption maxima at 640 and 620 nm with molar absorptivities 85500 and 69600 L.mol-1.cm-2respectively. Beer’s law were obeyed in concentration range 0.12-0.185 ppm for Th(IV) and 0.13-0.162 ppm for U(VI) in presence of CDMEAB. Conditional formation constants and various analytical parameters have been evaluated and compared the results of binary and ternary complexes. Enhancement in the molar absorptivities in presence of CDMEAB clearly indicated the usefulness of these colored reactions for microdetermination.

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10

K., B. Gudasi, S. Nadagouda G., and R. Goudar T. "Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of dioxouranium(II) and thorium( IV) complexes of Schiff bases derived from 2-aminopyridine and acetophenones." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 83, Apr 2006 (2006): 376–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5836478.

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P. G. Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Dharwad-580 003, Karnataka, India E-mail: kbgudasi@rediffmail.com Fax : 91-836-721275 <em>Manuscript received 18 July 2005, revised 10 January 2006, accepted 16 January 2006</em> The metal complexes of UO<sup>II</sup><sub>2</sub> and Th<sup>IV </sup>with Schiff bases derived from 2-aminopyridine and acetophenone/\(o\)-hydroxy acetophenone/\(o\)-amino acetophenone have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, conductivity, IR,electronic aud <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral studies. The evidences show that the complexes with acetophenone and o-hydroxy acetophenone Schiff bases exhibit coordination number eight while coordination number ten with o-ami no acetophenone Schiff bases. A comparative study of testicular atrophy in albino rats by the chelating agents and the corresponding UO<sup>II</sup><sub>2</sub> and Th<sup>IV </sup>complexes was carried out. A considerable reduction in the testes weight and weight of some accessory sex organs was observed. The effect is more with the complexes than with the ligands.  

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11

A., B. Zade, P. Kalbende P., B. Upase A., and Belsare G.·w. "Sensitive microspectrophotometric determination ofthorium(IV) and uranium(VI) with pyrogallol red in presence of cationic surfactant." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 89, Jun 2012 (2012): 811–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5763829.

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Department of Chemistry, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 010, Maharashtra, India <em>E-mail </em>: ab_zadel8@yahoo.com Department of Chemistry, New English Junior College, Warud, Dist. Amravati-444 906, Maharashtra, India P.G. Department of Chemistry, Shri Shivaji Science College, Akola-444 001, Maharashtra, India Manuscript received 31 May 2011, revised 12 October 2011, accepted 17 October 2011 Formation of water soluble deeply colored ternary complexes of Th<sup>IV</sup> and U<sup>VI</sup> metal ions with pyrogallol red (PGR) in presence of cationic surfactant cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide (CDMEAB) have been observed. CDMEAB sensitize the color reactions of Th<sup>IV</sup> and U<sup>VI</sup> with pyrogallol red with enhancement in molar absorptivities and sensitivities at the shifted wavelength of ternary complexes with stoichiometric composition 1 : 2 : 4 (M-PGR-CDMEAB) have been observed for both the metal ions. The ternary complexes of thorium(IV) ar pH 4.0 and uranium(VI) at pH 7.0 exhibit absorption maxima at 660 and 650 nm with molar absorptivities 61120 and 52470 L mol<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup> respectively. Beer's law were obeyed in concentration range 0.23-3.24 ppm for Th<sup>IV</sup> and 0.27-3.51 ppm for U<sup>VI</sup> in presence of CDMEAB. Conditional formation constants and various analytical parameters have been evaluated and compared the results of newly formed ternary complexes with binary complexes reported earlier. Enhancement in the molar absorptivities in presence of CDMEAB clearly indicated the usefulness of these colored reactions for microdetermination.

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12

Y., M. ISSA, M. OMAR M., A. SABRAH B., and K. MOHAMED S. "Complexes of Cerium(III), Thorium(IV) and Dioxouranium(II) with 8-(Arylazo)-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin Dyes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 69, Apr 1992 (1992): 186–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5994463.

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Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt Faculty of Education, Fayoum <em>Manuscript received 26 December 1997, accepted 19 March 1992</em> Proton-ligand ionisation and metal-ligand stability constants of 8-(arylazo)-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin complexes with Ce<sup>llI</sup>, Th<sup>IV</sup> and \(UO_2^{II}\) ions have been determined pH-metrically in 60% (v/v) ethanol-water mixture at 25° and <em>µ</em>= 0.1. The order of stability constants was found to be Th<sup>IV</sup> > CO<sup>III</sup> > \(UO_2^{II}\) 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (<strong>M : L</strong>) complexes are formed as evidenced by conductimetric studies. The complexes have been isolated in solid state and characterised on the basis of elemental analyses, thermal, ir and nmr spectral data.  

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13

El-Shatoury, S. A., R. M. Hassan, and A. A. Said. "Alginate Polyelectrolyte Ionotropic Gels-XVI. Kinetics and Chemical Equilibria Studies for Heterogeneous Ion Exchange of Polyvalent Metal Ions in Alginate Gel Complexes." High Performance Polymers 4, no. 3 (1992): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/4/3/005.

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The kinetics or chemical equilibria of exchange of Ca(II), Sr(II), Ba(I), Zn(II), Cd(II), Al(III), Fe(III), Se(IV), Ce(IV) and Th(IV) counter ions in alginate gel complexes by H+ ions have been investigated titrimetrically and conductimetrically at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 mol/dm3. The thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated and are discussed in terms of ionic radii and polarizability of the metal ions, coordination geometry, and stability of the gel complexes.

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14

D., C. Dash, S. Ghosh (Ms.), K. Mohapatra R., and P. Naik (Mrs.). "Synthesis and characterization of UO2 VI, ThIV, ZrOIV and VOIV complexes with Schiff base derived from ethylene diamine/orthophenylene diamine and diacetyl monoxime." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 85, Oct 2008 (2008): 1032–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5820705.

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P.G. Department of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla, Sambalpur-768 019, Orissa, India <em>E-mail :</em> dhruba_dash@yahoo.co.in <em>Manuscript received 16 April 2008, revised 1 July 2008, accepted 1 August 2008</em> A series of complexes of the type [M(L)(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>].mH<sub>2</sub>O and [VO(L)(SO<sub>4</sub>)].2H<sub>2</sub>O, where L is a Schiff base 1,10-dihydroxy-2,3,8,9-tetramethyl-1,4, 7, 10-tetraza-dec-1,3, 7 ,9-tetraene (DHTTDT) or 5:6-benzo-1, 10-dihydroxy-2,3,8,9- tetramethyl-1,4, 7, 10-tetraza-dec-1 ,3, 7 ,9-tetraene (BDHTTDT) derived from ethylenediamine/<em>o</em>-phenylene diamine and diacetyl monoxime have been synthesized (M = ZrO<sup>IV</sup>, UO<sub>2</sub><sup>VI</sup> and Th<sup>IV</sup>; m = 1, 2 and 3 respectively). All the complexes are characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, thermal analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic moment, electronic, infrared, <sup>1</sup>H NMR and ESR spectral studies. The results indicate that the VO<sup>IV</sup> ion is penta co-ordinated yielding paramagnetic complexes where as UO<sub>2</sub><sup>VI</sup>, ZrO<sup>IV</sup> ions are hexa co-ordinated and Th<sup>IV</sup> ion is octa co-ordinated yielding diamagnetic complexes of above composition.

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15

Neck, Volker, and J. I. Kim. "Solubility and hydrolysis of tetravalent actinides." Radiochimica Acta 89, no. 1 (2001): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2001.89.1.001.

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The solubility and hydrolysis of Th(IV), U(IV), Np(IV), and Pu(IV) are critically reviewed and a comprehensive set of thermodynamic constants at I = 0 and 25°C is presented. The hydrolysis constants are selected preferentially from experimental studies at actinide trace concentrations, where the interference of colloid formation can be excluded. Unknown formation constants of mononuclear complexes An(OH)The solubilities of U(IV), Np(IV), and Pu(IV) hydroxides or hydrous oxides can be calculated by accounting only for mononuclear hydrolysis species. The considerably higher solubilities of amorphous Th(IV) precipitates at pH <5 include major contributions of polynuclear species. The solubility data in acidic solutions depend strongly on the preparation and crystallinity of the solid phase. In neutral and alkaline solutions, where An(OH)

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16

Uehara, A., T. Fujii, H. Matsuura, et al. "EXAFS analysis of uranium(IV) and thorium(IV) complexes in concentrated CaCl2 solutions." Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, no. 1 (2011): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0030.

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Abstract The coordination of U4+ and Th4+ in concentrated CaCl2 solutions is studied by U and Th L III edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. With the decrease of concentration of CaCl2 from 6.9 to 4 M, the Cl− ion coordination number N Cl in the U4+ coordination sphere decreases from 3.4 to 1.3, while the hydration number N O increases from 4.5 to 6.7. The combined coordination number N O+NCl of U4+ in concentrated Cl− solution (8.0), is lower than that in 1.5 M perchloric acid aqueous solution (9.0). For Th4+, the decrease of concentration from 6.9 to 4 M CaCl2, the coordination number N Cl in the Th4+ coordination sphere decreased slightly from 1.9 to 1.5, while coordination number N O increased from 7.6 to 8.8. The N O+NCl of Th4+ in concentrated Cl− solution (9.0), is similar to that in 1.5 M perchloric acid. The bond distance of U–Cl (2.67 Å), is shorter than that of Th–Cl (2.76 Å), because of low coordination number N O to U4+. By adding HCl into the system, the U4+ and Th4+ coordination sphere is unchanged. The coordination structures of U4+ and Th4+ in concentrated LiCl is also discussed.

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17

Noufele, Christelle Njiki, Juliane März, and Ulrich Abram. "Thorium(IV) and Uranium(IV) Complexes with 2,6-Dipicolinoylbis(N,N-diethylthiourea) Ligands." Molbank 2025, no. 1 (2025): M1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/m1957.

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The reaction of thorium nitrate hydrate with 2,6-dipicolinoylbis(N,N-diethylthiourea), H2Lpic, results in the hydrolysis of the organic ligand and the formation of [Th(2,6-dipicolinolate)2(H2O)4] (1). Hydrolysis can be avoided by the use of [ThCl4(DME)2] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) as the starting material and the exclusion of water. The product, [Th(Lpic)3]2− (2), crystallizes as diammonium salt in form of yellow crystals in moderate yields. The thorium ion in the complex is nine-coordinate by the central O,N,O donor atoms of three deprotonated {Lpic}2− ligands. The sulfur atoms of the ligands do not bind to the actinide ion, but establish hydrogen bonds to the ammonium counter ions. A similar coordination sphere is also observed in the uranium(IV) complex [UAu2(Lpic)3}] (3), which was obtained from a reaction between H2Lpic, [U2I6(1,4-dioxane)3] and [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) in the presence of triethylamine. Charge compensation is established by the linear coordination of two Au+ ions between each two sulfur atoms of the ligands. The products have been studied by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The actinide ions in both {Lpic}2− complexes have coordination number nine, but establish slightly different coordination spheres.

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18

Pethe, G. B., A. R. Yaul, A. A. Ramteke, and N. Prasad. "DESIGN, ANALYSIS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL EXPLORATION OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH TRIDENTATE SCHIFF BASES." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 04 (2024): 1864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2024.1749023.

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The hydrazone Schiff base ligand, 1-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl) propylidene) pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide, was synthesized by condensing equimolar amounts of 2,5-dihydroxypropiophenone and pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide in ethanol. This ligand was then reacted with various metal chlorides to form complexes with Fe (III), Ti (III), Cr (III), Th (IV), VO (IV), MoO₂(VI), and WO₂(VI). The synthesis followed an established protocol. These metal-ligand complexes exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study their shape, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the structure of the complexes as nano-crystalline.

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19

Behrle, Andrew C., Jessica R. Levin, Jee Eon Kim, et al. "Stabilization of MIV = Ti, Zr, Hf, Ce, and Th using a selenium bis(phenolate) ligand." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 6 (2015): 2693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt01798f.

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20

Georgiou, Efthalia, Ioannis Pashalidis, Grigorios Raptopoulos, and Patrina Paraskevopoulou. "Efficient Removal of Polyvalent Metal Ions (Eu(III) and Th(IV)) from Aqueous Solutions by Polyurea-Crosslinked Alginate Aerogels." Gels 8, no. 8 (2022): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8080478.

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The removal of polyvalent metal ions Eu(III) and Th(IV) from aqueous solutions using polyurea-crosslinked calcium alginate (X-alginate) aerogels has been investigated by batch-type experiments under ambient conditions and pH 3. The material presents relatively high sorption capacity for Eu(III) (550 g kg−1) and Th(IV) (211 g kg−1). The lower sorption capacity for Th(IV) compared to Eu(III) is attributed to the net charge of the dominant species in solution under the given experimental conditions, which is Eu3+ for Eu(III), and Th(OH)22+ and Th(OH)3+ for Th(IV). Generally, the sorption is an endothermic and entropy-driven process, and it follows the Langmuir isotherm model. According to the FTIR spectra, sorption occurs via formation of inner-sphere complexes between the surface functional groups and the f-metal cationic species. The presence of europium and thorium in the adsorbent material was confirmed and quantified with EDS analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an aerogel material used as an adsorbent for Eu(III). Compared to other materials used for the sorption of the specific ions, which are mostly carbon-based, X-alginate aerogels show by far the highest sorption capacity. Regarding Th(IV) uptake, X-alginate aerogels show the highest capacity per volume (27.9 g L−1) among the aerogels reported in the literature. Both Eu(III) and Th(IV) could be recovered from the beads by 65% and 70%, respectively. Furthermore, Th(VI) could also be quantitatively removed from wastewater, while Eu(III) could be removed by 20%. The above, along with their stability in aqueous environments, make X-alginate aerogels attractive candidates for water treatment and metal recovery applications.

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21

Marques, Noémia, J. Marçalo, Teresa Almeida, et al. "U(IV) and Th(IV) hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate complexes with asymmetric metal centres." Inorganica Chimica Acta 139, no. 1-2 (1987): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)84043-8.

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22

El-Boraey, H. A., F. A. El-Saied, and S. A. Aly. "UO2(VI), Sn(IV), Th(IV) and Li(I) complexes of 4-azomalononitrile antipyrine." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 96, no. 2 (2008): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-008-9197-6.

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23

Adam, Nicole, Katja Hinz, Xavier Gaona, Petra J. Panak, and Marcus Altmaier. "Impact of selected cement additives and model compounds on the solubility of Nd(III), Th(IV) and U(VI): screening experiments in alkaline NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions at elevated ionic strength." Radiochimica Acta 109, no. 6 (2021): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2021-1010.

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Abstract The solubility of Nd(III), Th(IV) and U(VI) was studied from undersaturation conditions in the presence of selected organic cement additives and model compounds: adipic acid, methyl acrylate, citric acid, melamine, ethylene glycol, phthalic acid and gluconic acid. Experiments were performed under Ar atmosphere in NaCl (2.5 and 5.0 M), MgCl2 (1.0 and 3.5 M) and CaCl2 (1.0 and 3.5 M) solutions with 9 ≤ pHm ≤ 13 (pHm = −log[H+]). Initial concentrations of organic ligands in solution were set constant in all systems to [L]0 = 0.025 M, except in specific cases (e.g. adipic acid, melamine and phthalic acid) where the ligand concentration in the matrix solutions was lower and controlled by solubility. Adipic acid, methyl acrylate, melamine, ethylene glycol and phthalic acid do not impact the solubility of Nd(III), Th(IV) and U(VI) in the investigated NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 systems. Citrate significantly enhances the solubility of Nd(III), Th(IV) and U(VI) in NaCl systems. A similar effect was observed for Th(IV) and U(VI) in the presence of gluconate in NaCl systems. The impact of pH on the stability of the complexes is different for both ligands. Because of the larger number of alcohol groups in the gluconate molecule, this ligand is prone to form more stable complexes under hyperalkaline conditions that likely involve the deprotonation of several alcohol groups. The complexation of gluconate with U(VI) at pHm ≈ 13 is however weaker than at pHm ≈ 9 due to the competition with the highly hydrolysed moiety prevailing at pHm ≈ 13, i.e. UO2(OH)4 2−. The impact of citrate and gluconate in MgCl2 and CaCl2 systems is generally weaker than in NaCl systems, expectedly due to the competition with binary Mg-L and Ca-L complexes. However, the possible formation of ternary complexes further enhancing the solubility is hinted for the systems Mg/Ca-Th(IV)-GLU and Ca-U(VI)-GLU. These observations reflect again the differences in the complexation properties of citrate and gluconate, the key role of the alcohol groups present in the latter ligand, and the importances of interacting matrix cations. The screening experiments conducted within this study contribute to the identification of organic cement additives and model compounds potentially impacting the solution chemistry of An(III)/Ln(III), An(IV) and An(VI) under intermediate to high ionic strength conditions (2.5 ≤ I ≤ 10.5 M). This shows evident differences with respect to investigations conducted in dilute systems, and thus represents a very relevant input in the safety assessment of repositories for radioactive waste disposal where such elevated ionic strength conditions are expected.

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24

SHARMA, SANGITA, and K. M. JOSHI. "SOLUTION STATE AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES ON BINARY COMPLEXES OF THE TH(IV) WITH SOME HYDROXY ACIDS." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 45, no. 4 (2015): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2015.409.

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A Solution state study on complexation behavior of Th(IV) with hydroxy acids (malic acid, lactic acid, salicylic acid and mandelic acid) has been carried out using the Irving–Rossotti titration technique in aqueous media and mixed media at different temperatures and ionic strengths. The dissociation constant and stability constants (logβ) of the resulting complexes have been calculated with the Fortran IV program BEST using the method of least squares and considering the BESTFIT model. Species distribution curves of complexes have been plotted as function of pH using the SPEPLOT Fortran IV program to visualize various species in equilibrium in the pH range 2–14. Thermodynamic properties were calculated and negative ∆G, ∆H and ∆S values indicated that complex formation is a spontaneous and exothermic process at these temperatures. To understand more about these equilibriums, the stability of these complexes was studied in presence of various systemic errors.

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25

AH, Naggara, Mauof HA, Ekshiba AA, and Farghalya OA. "Potentiometric and conductometric studies of binary and ternary complexes of sulphamethoxazole and glycine with metal ions." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 3, no. 1 (2016): 125–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13740237.

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Potentiometric and conductometric studies of binary and ternary complexes of sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) and glycine (Gly) with metal ions; Fe(III), Pb(II), Co(II), Al(III), La(III), Sr(II), Cr(III), Th(IV), Ti(II) and Zr(IV). In 0.1 M NaClO<sub>4</sub> and 25 % (v/v) ethanol–water mixture, stability constant of metal ions complexes with SMZ have been determined potentiometrically. The ionic strength effect on the formed complexes stability was studied. The stoichiometries of these complexes were determined conductometrically and indicated that the formation of 1: 1, 1: 2 and/or 1: 3 (metal: ligand) complexes. Also, the species distribution diagrams of SMZ and its metal ion complexes were reported. For ternary complex; M: SMZ: Gly = 1: 1: 1, the protonation constants were calculated. The order of stability of both binary and ternary complexes was examined.

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26

Dickie, Tara K. K., and Paul G. Hayes. "Thorium(IV) Diphosphazide Complexes: CO₂ Insertion into Th–C and Th–N Bonds." Organometallics 41, no. 3 (2022): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00638.

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27

Pavankumar, B. B., E. Veerashekhar Goud, R. Selvakumar, et al. "Function of substituents in coordination behaviour, thermolysis and ligand crossover reactions of phosphine oxides." RSC Advances 5, no. 7 (2015): 4727–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra13645d.

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Some selected aminophosphine oxides (AmPOs) and their corresponding La(iii) and Th(iv) complexes are synthesized and analyzed by FT-IR, <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>31</sup>P{<sup>1</sup>H}-NMR, elemental analysis and TGA data.

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28

P., S. PRABHU, and S. DODWAD S. "Magnetic Susceptibility Studies of Uranyl, Thorium and Oxovanadium(Iv) Complexes with Schiff Bases of 2-Hydroxynaphthalidene and Substituted-naphthalidenes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 67, July 1990 (1990): 541–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6202955.

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Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Science, M.Cama Road, Bombay-400 032 <em>Manuscript received 2 December 1986, revised 15 January 1990, accepted 30 March 1990</em> The metal complexes of bidentate Schiff bases, obtained from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthal- dehyde and substltuted-anilines, with \(UO^{2+}_2\), Th<sup>4+ </sup>and VO<sup>2+</sup>have been synthesised. Magnetic susceptibilities of these complexes have been measured by the Gouy method. The susceptibility values of the \(UO^{2+}_2\) and Th<sup>4+</sup> complexes were also obtained theoretically by Pascal's additivity method The two sets of values were compared and the deviation from ideal behaviour has been explained on the basis of Van Vleck's equation. The deviations (%\(\bigtriangleup\)\(\mathcal{X}\)m) have also been used to explain the symmetry of the complex molecule. The vanadyl complexes are paramagnetic, exhibiting magnetic moments in the range 1.85-1.95 B M at room temperature (300 K), suggesting that one unpaired electron is present in all the vanadyl complexes.

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29

M., Viswanathan. "Synthesis and characterization of mixed ligand complexes of thorium(IV) with N,N' -propylenebis(3-carboxypropenamide) and various anions." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 82, Oct 2005 (2005): 871–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5826730.

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Department of Chemistry, S. N. College for Women, Kollam-691 001, India <em>E-mail</em> : jaiviswam@yahoo.co.in                        jaiviswam @sanchamet.in <em>Manuscript received 13 August 2004, revised 17 June 2005, accepted 5 July 2005</em> A new series of mixed ligand complexes of thorium(IV) with N,N'-propylenebis(3-carboxypropenamide) [PBCPH2] and various monovalent anions such as nitrate, perchlorate and thiocyanate have been synthesized. These complexes were characterised by chemical analysis, conductance, magnetic, X-ray powder diffraction, spectral and thermal studies. From these studies the composition of the complexes were ascertained to be [Th(PBCP)X<sub>2</sub>] and [Th(PBCP)(ClO<sub>4</sub>)]0ClO<sub>3</sub>, where X = NO<sup>-</sup><sub>3</sub> or Ncs<sup>-</sup>. In these complexes <em>N,N'</em>-propylenebis(3-carboxypropenamide) acts as a tetradentate ligand and monovalent anions act as unidentate ligands.

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30

Hennig, Christoph, Katja Schmeide, Vinzenz Brendler, Henry Moll, Satoru Tsushima, and Andreas C. Scheinost. "EXAFS Investigation of U(VI), U(IV), and Th(IV) Sulfato Complexes in Aqueous Solution." Inorganic Chemistry 46, no. 15 (2007): 5882–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic0619759.

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31

Mohapatra, R. K., S. R. Rout, and D. C. Dash. "Synthesis and Characterization of Homo Binuclear Complexes of UO2(VI), Th(IV), ZrO(IV) and VO(IV) with Polyaza Macrocyclic Schiff-Bases." Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 55, no. 2 (2011): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/jkcs.2011.55.2.317.

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32

Aswar, A. S., and K. A. Thakare. "Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Thermal and Biological Studies of Some Metal Complexes with Aroyl Hydrazone Based Ligand." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 8 (2020): 2021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22668.

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The metal complexes of Ti(III), Cr(III), Fe(III), VO(IV), MoO2(VI), WO2(VI), Th(IV) have been synthesized with hydrazone ligand. The mononucleating hydrazone ligand has been synthesized via condensation reaction between pyrazine-2-carbohydrazide and 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone in 1:1 ratio. The ligand and its complexes were studied on the basis of elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR and electronic spectra, TGA, XRD, 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy and SEM analysis. Spectroscopic and magnetic studies suggest coordination of most of the metal complexes in a regular octahedral around the central metal ions except vanadium which is square pyramidal. Free ligand as well as its metal complexes were screened against the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The inhibition data revealed that metal complexes exhibit higher inhibition potential against growth of bacteria and fungi than free ligand.

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33

O'Brien, Kieran T. P., and Nikolas Kaltsoyannis. "Computational study of An–X bonding (An = Th, U; X = p-block-based ligands) in pyrrolic macrocycle-supported complexes from the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and bond energy decomposition analysis." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 3 (2017): 760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04340b.

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34

N., R. Thakare, and S. Jamode V. "pH-metric studies of copper(II) and thorium(IV) complexes with substituted pyrazolines and pyrazoles." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 80, Feb 2003 (2003): 136–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5837365.

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P. G. Department of Chemistry, Amravati University, Amravati-444 602, India Fax: 91-0721-662135 <em>Manuscript received 22 June 2001, revised 8 March 2002, accepted 24 September 2002</em> Complex formation of Cu<sup>II</sup> and Th<sup>IV</sup> with 3-(4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumaryl)-5-aryi-1<em>H</em>-pyrazole and 3-(4-methyl-7- hydroxycoumaryl)-4-(4'-methoxybenzoyl)-5-( 4" -methoxyphenyl)-1-carboxamidopyrazoline have been studied at 27 ± 1º and 0.1 <em>M</em> ionic strength in 70% <strong>DMF</strong>-water mixture. The stability constants of the complexes indicate simultaneous formation of 1 : 1 and I : 2 metal-ligand complexes in both the cases.

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35

Agnihotri, Sonal, and Kishor Arora. "Physicochemical Investigations of Th(IV) and UO2(VI) Complexes with New Schiff Bases Along with their Toxic Effects." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2010): 1045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/859034.

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Schiff bases were obtained usingp-trimethoxy benzaldehyde,p-hydroxyl benzaldehyde and 2-amino pyridine to prepare new complexes of thorium(IV) and dioxouranium(VI) metals by various anions. The synthesized ligands and complexes were analytically studied through spectral studies, elemental analysis conductance measurements along with semi empirical and thermogravimetric methods. The complexes were assigned various coordination numbers ranging from 6-10 on the basis of these studies.

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36

Rajendran, G., C. S. Amritha, Ruby Anto, and Vino Cheriyan. "Synthesis, thermal and antitumour studies of Th(IV) complexes with furan-2-aldehyde-N-phenyl thiosemicarbazone." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 6 (2010): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc090729048r.

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Thorium(IV) complexes with the Schiff base furan-2-aldehyde-N-phenyl thiosemicarbazone (L) were synthesised and characterized. The composition and structure of the metal complexes were proposed base on elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The Schiff base behaves as a neutral bidentate ligand coordinating through the azomethine N and the thioketo S atoms. From various studies, complexes were ascertained the general formula [ThL2X4] and [ThL2Y2] where X represents the monovalent anions NO3-, NCS-, CH3COO-, CH3CHOHCOO-, ClO4-,and Y the bivalent anions SO4 2-and C2O4 2-. The thermal behaviour of the nitrato and oxalato complexes was studied and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using the Coats-Redfern Equation. The ligand and a representative complex [ThL2(NO3)4] were screened in vitro for their antitumour activity against the human cervical cancer cell line (Hela).

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37

Rawat, Neetika, R. S. Sharma, Abdul Nishad, B. S. Tomar, and V. K. Manchanda. "Thermodynamic study of Th(IV) complexes with dicarboxylates by potentiometry and calorimetry." Radiochimica Acta 99, no. 6 (2011): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/ract.2011.1828.

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38

Sawant, R. M., N. K. Chaudhuri, and S. K. Patil. "Potentiometric studies on aqueous fluoride complexes of actinides: Stability constants of Th(IV)-, U(IV)-, Np(IV)- and Pu(IV)-fluorides." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 143, no. 2 (1990): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02039597.

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39

KALYANMOY, MITRA, and SANKAR RAY UDAY. "Extraction Chromatographic Studies of Cerium(IV) with Carboxylic Acid (n-Capric Acid) and its Separation from Rare Earth Elements." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 69, Sep 1992 (1992): 563–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6017172.

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Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan-731 235 <em>Manuscript received 11 March 1991, revised 24 June 1992, accepted 3 July 1992</em> Cerium(Iv) was extracted at pH 4.75-6.0 from ammonium acetate-acetic acid buffer on silica gel column impregnated with n-capric acid (a high molecular weight carboxylic acid). It was separated from bivaleat Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd in binary mixture at pH 5.1 as they could not form acetate complex. Cerium(IV) was separated by process of selective elution from elements like Fe<sup>llI</sup>, Zr<sup>IV</sup>, Pd<sup>II</sup>, La<sup>III</sup>, Pr<sup>III</sup>, Nd<sup>III</sup>, Sm<sup>III</sup>, Gd<sup>III</sup>, Dy<sup>III</sup>, Hg<sup>ll</sup>, Pb<sup>ll</sup>, Th<sup>IV</sup> and U<sup>VI</sup> by exploiting differences in stability of acetate complexes. Cerium(Iv) was separated from multicomponent mixture containing Zn<sup>II</sup>, Zr<sup>IV</sup>, Pb<sup>ll</sup>, Th<sup>IV</sup>, U<sup>VI</sup> and rare earth elements by a process of selective sorbtion and selective elution. The proposed method is simple, rapid and selective.

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40

Xiao, Cheng-Liang, Cong-Zhi Wang, Lei Mei, et al. "Europium, uranyl, and thorium-phenanthroline amide complexes in acetonitrile solution: an ESI-MS and DFT combined investigation." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 32 (2015): 14376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt01766a.

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ESI-MS and density functional theory (DFT) methods were combined to elucidate the complexation mechanisms of tetradentate phenanthroline amide ligand with Eu(iii), U(vi), and Th(iv) in an acetonitrile solution.

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41

B., D. KALE, and H. MHASKE T. "Potentiometric Studies of Mixed Ligand Complexes of Lanthanum(lll) and Thorium(IV) with Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid as Primary Ligands." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Feb 1985 (1985): 106–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6302828.

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Department of Chemistry, Vidarbha Mahavidyalaya, Amravati-444 604 <em>Manuscript received 9 December 1983, revised 18 September 1984, accepted 18 January 1985</em> Formation Constants of mixed ligand complexes of lanthanum(III) and thorium(IV) with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as primary ligands, and anthranilic acid (ANA) as secondary ligand have been investigated potentiometrically. The values of  log \(K_{MAL}^{MA}\) have been found in the order log \(K_{MAL}^{NTA}\) < log \(K_{MAL}^{EDTA}\) . The trends in stability constants of ternary complexes with respect to metal ion have been found in the order La<sup>III</sup> > Th<sup>IV</sup>.

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42

Bonfada, Élida, Ernesto Schulz-Lang, Renato André Zan, and Ulrich Abram. "Syntheses and Structures of Thorium(IV) Complexes with Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Dioxide, Ph2P(O)CH2CH2P(O)Ph2, and Bis(diphenylphosphoryl)amide, [Ph2P(O)NP(O)Ph2]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 55, no. 3-4 (2000): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2000-3-410.

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Abstract The cationic thorium(IV) complexes [Th{Ph2P(O)CH2CH2P(O)Ph2}2(NO3)3]NO3 and [Th{Ph2P(O)NP(O)Ph2}3(dmso)2]NO3 have been synthesized by reactions of Th(NO3)4 · 5H2O with bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane dioxide, Ph2P(O)CH2CH2P(O)Ph2 (L1), or ammonium bis(diphenylphosphoryl)amide, (NH4)[Ph2P(O)NP(O)Ph2] (NH4L2), and subsequent recrystallization from dimethyl sulfoxide. The products have been studied spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallography. The thorium atom is ten-co-ordinate in the [Th(L1)2(NO3)3]+ cation with a coordination sphere which does not match one of the idealized polyhedra for ten-coordination. Th-O bonds have been found in the range between 2.342(3) (phosphine oxide) and 2.599(4) A (nitrate). An eight-coordinate thorium atom is found in the [Th(L2)3(dmso)2]+ cation. The almost ideal square-antiprismatic environment of the metal is occupied by oxygen atoms with Th-0 bond lengths between 2.363(6) and 2.392(11) Å

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43

Agnihotri, Sonal, and Kishor Arora. "Physico-chemical Investigation of Th(IV) and UO2(VI) Complexes of Schiff Bases." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 8 (2013): 4323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.13960.

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44

Refat, Moamen S., Gehad G. Mohamed, Mohamed Y. El-Sayed, et al. "Preparation, Spectroscopic, Theoretical Thermodynamic and Antimicrobial Discussions of Zr(IV), Ce(III) and Th(IV) Ibuprofen Drug Complexes." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 8 (2016): 5269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5413.

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45

Turanov, A. N., V. K. Karandashev, V. E. Baulin, and D. V. Baulin. "Extraction of U(VI), Th(IV), REE(III), and Sc(III) from Nitrate and Perchlorate Solutions with 1,5-bis[di(p-tolyl)phosphoryl]-3-oxapentane." Радиохимия 65, no. 4 (2023): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0033831123040020.

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Received January 16, 2023; revised March 21, 2023; accepted March 27, 2023 Extraction of U(VI), Th(IV), REE(III), and Sc(III) from nitrate and perchlorate solutions with solutions of phosphorylpodand 1,5-bis[di( p -tolyl)phosphoryl]-3-oxapentane (L) in 1,2-dichloroethane depending on the concentration of acids in the aqueous phase was studied. The stoichiometry of the extractable complexes was determined. It was found that, as the concentration of acids increases, the magnitude of the «perchlorate» e ect decreases, and at acid concentrations above 0.3 mol/L, REE(III) ions are extracted by podand L from HClO4 solutions less e ciently than from HNO3 solutions. During the extraction of Sc(III), the «perchlorate» e ect also manifests itself in the region of high acid concentration, which leads to an increase in the separation coe cients of Sc(III) and REE(III), U(VI), and Th(IV) during extraction with podand L from HClO4 solutions.

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46

Agnihotri, Sonal, and Kishor Arora. "Synthesis, Analytical and Spectral Studies of Novel Schiff Base Complexes of Th(IV) and UO2(VI) Along with their X-Ray Diffraction Data and Toxic Effects." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 3 (2010): 799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/198498.

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Schiff base was obtained using furfuraldehyde and 2-amino pyridine to prepare new complexes of thorium(IV) and dioxouranium(VI) metals by various anions. The synthesized ligands and complexes were analytically studied through spectral data, elemental analysis and conductance measurements along with x-ray diffraction pattern. The complexes showed various coordination number and their toxic effects to bacterial and fungal genus was studied by two different methods of measurement.

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47

Devi, V. S. Anasuya, and V. Krishna Reddy. "2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-P-hydroxybenzoichydrazone: A New Chromogenic Reagent for the Determination of Thorium(IV) and Uranium(VI)." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/697379.

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Simple, sensitive, selective, direct, derivative, and simultaneous spectrophotometric methods are developed for the determination of uranium and thorium individually and simultaneously. The methods are based on the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoichydrazone (HNAHBH) with thorium(IV) and uranium(VI). HNAHBH reacts with thorium and uranium at pH 6.0 forming stable yellow and reddish brown coloured complexes, respectively. [Th(IV)-HNAHBH] complex shows maximum absorbance at 415 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range 0.464–6.961 μg mL−1with a detection limit of 0.01 μg mL−1and molar absorptivity,ε, 3.5 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. Maximum absorbance shown by [U(VI)-HNAHBH] complex is at 410 nm with Beer’s law range 0.476–7.140 μg mL−1, detection limit 0.139 μg mL−1and molar absorptivity,ε, 1.78 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. Highly sensitive and selective second-order derivative methods are reported for the direct and simultaneous determination of Th(IV) and U(VI) using HNAHBH. The applicability of the developed methods is tested by analyzing water, ore, fertilizer, and gas mantle samples for thorium and uranium content.

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48

Naggar, Ahmed Hosny, Hammed Mohammed Al-Saidi, Othman Abd El-Moaty Farghaly, Taher Mohammed Hassan, and Salma Zaidan Mohamed Bortata. "Complexation equilibria of ambroxol hydrochloride in solution by potentiometric and conductometric methods." European Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5155/eurjchem.9.1.49-56.1682.

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The formation constants of Li(I), Mg(II), Sr(II), Ca(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Ba(II), Pb(II), Al(III), Cr(III), Fe(III) and Th(IV) ions with ambroxol hydrochloride (AMB) were calculated using the half-n value. In presence of 0.1 M NaNO3, metal ions such as Zn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Cr(III), Li(I), Mg(II) and Al(III) forms three types of metal-ligand complexes (1:1, 1:2 and/or 1:3), while Sr(II) and Co(II) tend to form two types of metal complexes 1:1 and 1:2 (M:L). For ligand protonation constants, two logarithmic association constant values were calculated by the half-n method and are 10.7 and 7.6, respectively. The effect of ionic strength on stability constant of AMP, with different metal ions viz. Fe(III), Th(IV), Al(III), Cr(III) and Cu(II) was studied. Based on relationship between the ionic strength studied values and the 1st stability constants (Log K1H), we can conclude that the stability constants of the formed metal-ligand complex (1:1) were decreased as the ionic strength increased. The stoichiometry of the formed complexes in solution were determined by conductometric method and it is found to be of 1:1, 1:2 and/or 1:3 (M:L) complex species is formed in alkaline media. Also, study the species distribution diagrams of AMP for the calculated mole fraction αML and αML2 were discussed.

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49

Refat, Moamen S., Samy M. El-Megharbel, and Abdel Majid A. Adam. "Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Zr(IV) and Th(IV) With Chelating Containing ONNO Donor Quadridentate Schiff Bases Complexes." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 45, no. 9 (2015): 1300–1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533174.2013.862694.

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50

Evans, Dennis F., and David A. Jakubovic. "Stereochemical rigidity and geometrical isomerism in nine-co-ordinate complexes of Th IV and U IV in aqueous solution." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 24 (1988): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39880001612.

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