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1

Olenovych, O. A. "Tubulointerstitial syndrome in the early period of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18834.

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2

Nikias, Anthony D. "Mutual monitoring in a multi-period team setting : an experimental investigation." Connect to resource, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261400389.

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3

Guan, Hongwei. "Fractionated reaction time using the psychological refractory period paradigm." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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4

SOUZA, ISAAC GOMES MORAES DE. "VERBAL AGREEMENT AND THE CRITICAL PERIOD HYPOTHESIS IN LIBRAS: A THEORETICAL-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33882@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>Comunidades surdas são compostas por populações com alto nível de variabilidade de proficiência (NIEDLE et al, 2000), o que dificulta a estruturação de amostras de participantes para a obtenção de dados em estudos sobre a gramática internalizada (Língua-I) por falantes dessas comunidades. Tal variabilidade está relacionada diretamente à idade de aquisição de uma língua de sinais (LS), à qualidade e à quantidade do insumo linguístico recebido pelas crianças surdas no período de aquisição de linguagem. Em diversos estudos sobre LS, sinalizantes surdos filhos de pais surdos sinalizadores (SFPS) são considerados como nativos, ou seja, possuidores de competência gramatical plena (Chomsky, 1986). Todavia, devido à escassez de informantes SFPS, pesquisas têm ampliado a caracterização de sujeitos que, de fato, possuem conhecimento pleno da gramática de uma LS, incluindo também surdos filhos de pais não surdos (SFPnS) como informantes. Contudo, estudos evidenciam a que há um período sensível para a aquisição dos aspectos estruturais de uma gramática e, tal sensibilidade tende a ser reduzida gradativamente até o início da puberdade (Lenneberg, 1967). Assim sendo, parte-se da hipótese de que em Libras, SFPnS que tiveram exposição tardia à gramática não apresentam competência gramatical plena. Fazer a verificação dessa hipótese é o objetivo principal deste trabalho, que se caracteriza como um estudo teórico-experimental sobre competência morfossintática em Libras. O foco da pesquisa foi concordância verbal e o experimento consistiu em uma tarefa de julgamento de aceitabilidade, em que sinalizantes de Libras (20 SFPS e 45 SFPnS (15 com exposição à Libras antes dos 4 anos; 15 com exposição entre 5 e 7 anos; 15 com exposição a partir de 8 anos de idade)) do Rio de Janeiro julgaram a aceitabilidade de 32 sentenças/vídeos alvos com uso de Escala Likert de cinco pontos, em que 1 = ruim e 5 = ótimo. Tomamos como variáveis independentes o tipo de concordância verbal (regular vs. reversa), verbo auxiliar (presença vs. ausência) e a manifestação morfologia da concordância (parcial (apenas com o objeto) vs. neutra (sem marca de concordância tanto com o sujeito como com objeto)). Os dados foram estatisticamente tratados (ANOVA com medidas repetidas) e os resultados interpretados à luz da Teoria Gerativa e da literatura sobre concordância verbal em língua de sinais. Os resultados não evidenciam nenhuma diferença muito marcada entre SFPS e SFPnS. Tanto SFPS como SFPnS possuem sensibilidade quanto ao tipo de concordância verbal (regular vs. reversa), apresentando uma preferência pela concordância regular, e menor preferência pela presença do verbo auxiliar mesmo quando a concordância verbal é neutra, como sugerido em Lourenço (2014). Contudo, SFPS apresentaram menor aceitação de sentenças com concordância verbal regular parcial na presença de auxiliar, como observado em Quadros e Quer (2008, 2010).<br>Deaf communities display high level of variability in language proficiency (NIEDLE et al, 2000), which makes it difficult to structure samples for studies about the Grammar (I-language) in sign languages (SL). Such variability is directly related to the age of acquisition, the quality and quantity of the linguistic input received by deaf children during the acquisition period. Deaf signers whose parents are also deaf signers (DsDsP) are considered to be native signers. That is, these signers are considered to have full grammatical competence (Chomsky, 1965, 1986) on their native languages. However, due to shortage of DsDsP informants, researchers tend to leave open the set of signers with full grammatical knowledge, including deaf signers with non-deaf parents (DsNonDsP) as informants in their research. Studies suggest, however, the existence of a sensitive period for the acquisition of the structural properties of any given grammar. This sensitivity tends to be gradually reduced until the onset of puberty (Lenneberg, 1967). Therefore, we should, by hypothesis, expect that DsNonDsP with late exposure to any SL, including Brazilian Sign Language (Libras), do not have the same grammatical competence as DsDsP. Investigating this hypothesis is the main goal of our research, a theoretical-experimental study on grammatical competence in Libras. We focused on the morphosyntax of verbal agreement in Libras and we conducted an acceptability judgment take, in which signers (20 DsDsP and 45 DsNonDsP (15 with exposure to Libras before 4 years; 15 with exposure between 5 and 7 years; 15 with exposure from 8 years old)) used a 5-point Likert Scale (1 = Not acceptable, 5 = fully acceptable) to judge 32 target sentences/videos. The independent variables were: type of verbal agreement (regular vs. backwards), auxiliary verb (presence vs. absence) and morphological manifestation of agreement on the verb (partial (with the object only) vs. neutral (no agreement at all)). The data collected were statistically treated (ANOVA with repeated measures) and the results were analyzed taking into consideration the literature on language acquisition within Generative Grammar and the literature on verbal agreement in SL. The results did not show any strikingly difference between DsDsP and DsNonDsP. Both DsDsP and DsNonDSP seem to be sensitive to the type of verbal agreement, displaying a preference for regular verbal agreement and a lower preference for the presence of auxiliary verb even in sentences with neutral verbal agreement, in accordance with Lourenço (2014). However, DsDsP showed less acceptance of partial regular verbal agreement in the presence of auxiliary in accordance with Quadros and Quer (2008, 2010).
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5

McClain, Melanie A. "Pregnancy and the post-partum period regulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through immunoregulatory cytokine production." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1119898792.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 95 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-95). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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6

Hoeven, Markus Antonius Henricus Benedictus Maria van der. "Venous oxygen saturation and oxygen transport in the newborn period an experimental and clinical study /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1999. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7215.

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7

Blake, Elizabeth Catherine. "Stone 'tools' as portable sound-producing objects in Upper Palaeolithic contexts : the application of an experimental study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609715.

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8

Olenovych, O. A. "Peculiarities of acid-regulating renal function disorders in the early period of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18337.

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9

Ahmed, Rafique. "An experimental study of the seasonal behavior of surface resistance during the growing period of soybeans /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726460321857.

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10

Hasslung, Wikström Frida. "Interaction between porcine circovirus type 2 and the immune system of the pig : with special reference to immunomodulatory sequences in the viral genome /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200829.pdf.

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11

Stamou-Papastamou, Constantina. "Dating Victorians : an experimental approach to stylochronometry." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/322883.

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The writing style of a number of authors writing in English was empirically investigated for the purpose of detecting stylistic patterns in relation to advancing age. The aim was to identify the type of stylistic markers among lexical, syntactical, phonemic, entropic, character-based, and content ones that would be most able to discriminate between early, middle, and late works of the selected authors, and the best classification or prediction algorithm most suited for this task. Two pilot studies were initially conducted. The first one concentrated on Christina Georgina Rossetti and Edgar Allan Poe from whom personal letters and poetry were selected as the genres of study, along with a limited selection of variables. Results suggested that authors and genre vary inconsistently. The second pilot study was based on Shakespeare's plays using a wider selection of variables to assess their discriminating power in relation to a past study. It was observed that the selected variables were of satisfactory predictive power, hence judged suitable for the task. Subsequently, four experiments were conducted using the variables tested in the second pilot study and personal correspondence and poetry from two additional authors, Edna St Vincent Millay and William Butler Yeats. Stepwise multiple linear regression and regression trees were selected to deal with the first two prediction experiments, and ordinal logistic regression and artificial neural networks for two classification experiments. The first experiment revealed inconsistency in accuracy of prediction and total number of variables in the final models affected by differences in authorship and genre. The second experiment revealed inconsistencies for the same factors in terms of accuracy only. The third experiment showed total number of variables in the model and error in the final model to be affected in various degrees by authorship, genre, different variable types and order in which the variables had been calculated. The last experiment had all measurements affected by the four factors. Examination of whether differences in method within each task play an important part revealed significant influences of method, authorship, and genre for the prediction problems, whereas all factors including method and various interactions dominated in the classification problems. Given the current data and methods used, as well as the results obtained, generalizable conclusions for the wider author population have been avoided.
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12

Perlina, Anna [Verfasser], Jürgen [Gutachter] Renn, and Mitchell G. [Gutachter] Ash. "Shaping the field : Kurt Lewin and experimental psychology in the interwar period / Anna Perlina ; Gutachter: Jürgen Renn, Mitchell G. Ash." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1124893504/34.

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13

Perlina, Anna [Verfasser], Jürgen Gutachter] Renn, and Mitchell G. [Gutachter] [Ash. "Shaping the field : Kurt Lewin and experimental psychology in the interwar period / Anna Perlina ; Gutachter: Jürgen Renn, Mitchell G. Ash." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100243482.

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14

Su, Yang. "Rest Period Healing Effect on Viscoelastic Continuum Damage Behaviour of Asphalt Mixture: Experimental Quantification and Numerical Verification of a New Approach." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75047.

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Rest period healing effect on viscoelastic continuum damage behaviour of asphalt mixture is systematically through simplified VECD and 4PB beam fatigue tests with various length of rest period after each load cycle. A new equation is proposed to interpret damage characteristic curves with rest period. Novel methods are developed to model beam fatigue tests results through derived VECD healing model. The new functions are evaluated and verified by comparison of simulation and experiment results.
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15

Nozari, Ala. "Experimental cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation : A study of cerebral perfusion with special reference to the postresuscitation disturbances." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-459.

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<p>Ischemic neuronal injury continues to be a major delimiting factor in achieving successful clinical outcomesafter resuscitation from cardiac arrest. In this thesis, a pig model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) wasused to address the effects of different interventions on cerebral blood flow and oxygenation during CPR and theinitial postresuscitation period. A novel technique is presented to quantify the reperfusion oxidative injury.</p><p>Maximization of cerebral blood flow during CPR by open-chest cardiac compression, continuous aortic balloon occlusion, and intra-aortic administration of hypertonic saline-dextran (HSD) did not ameliorate thepostresuscitation hypoperfusion or improve the cerebral oxygen extraction ratio or tissue pH. These findings disaffirm earlier studies suggesting that conserving brain viability after global ischemia is mostly a question ofmaintaining high perfusion pressure.</p><p>Despite an increased cerebral perfusion pressure during CPR, intra-aortic administered epinephrineabove the aortic balloon occlusion did not further improve cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. This findingmay indicate adverse effects of epinephrine on cerebral vascular beds, possibly induced by a relatively highconcentration of epinephrine when administered above the site for aortic balloon occlusion.</p><p>The IV administration of equipotent doses of epinephrine or vasopressin during CPR resulted incomparable hemodynamic changes. The peak increase in cerebral cortical blood flow, however, was reachedapproximately 30 sec later by vasopressin. Furthermore, the second bolus of vasopressin during CPR did notaugment cerebral perfusion, whereas epinephrine did. Consequently, reports suggesting that vasopressin issuperior to epinephrine with respect to its effects on central hemodynamics and vital organ blood flow may bebiased by the pharmacodynamic differences between the drugs, depending on the time point at which blood flowmeasurements are performed.</p><p>In comparison with IV vasopressin, vasopressin administered above the aortic balloon occlusion resulted in a significant increase in cerebral perfusion pressure during CPR, but not after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Cerebral cortical blood flow was, however, not improved <i>during</i> CPR, whereas a significant increase was recorded <i>after</i> ROSC. Relatively higher concentrations of vasopressin above the sitefor intra-aortic balloon occlusion may, therefore, predominantly induce cerebral cortical vasoconstriction duringCPR but induce vasodilatation after ROSC.</p><p>Assessment of oxidative stress or inflammation have been extremely difficult to attain. In our pig model of resuscitation, an association wasobserved between the duration of cardiac arrest and jugular bulb levels of 8-iso-PGF<sub>2α</sub>, a major isoprostane and a novel index of oxidative injury. 8-iso-PGF<sub>2α</sub>, and the prostaglandin 15-K-DH-PGF<sub>2α</sub>, increased within 5 min after ROSC and remained so up to 2 h, indicating the interval of time during which cerebral reperfusion oxidative injury and inflammatory response may occur and are potentially preventable.</p>
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Fernández, Marchena Juan Luis. "La gestión funcional de los recursos líticos durante el Paleolítico superior. Una aproximación diacrónica a partir de conjuntos del noreste de la Península Ibérica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673574.

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La presente tesis doctoral presenta el análisis funcional de tres yacimientos del noreste peninsular del Paleolítico superior. Los yacimientos son: La Balma de la Vall (Montblanc, Tarragona) con ocupaciones del Magdaleniense superior; Montlleó (Prats i Sansor, Lleida), con secuencia y dataciones Magdalenienses (medio-inicial e inferior), y del Badeguliense/Solutrense; Cova Foradada (Calafell, Tarragona), con niveles gravetienses, auriñacienses y chatelperronienses. Actualmente el noreste peninsular cuenta con un número significativo de yacimientos del Paleolítico superior. Pese a esto, hay un vacío de información funcional, que ha generado interpretaciones de la industria lítica en base a analogías etnográficas o tipológicas. Estas últimas mantienen un peso muy importante en la explicación de los conjuntos, que, aunque pueden coincidir con la realidad, necesitan ser corroboradas con datos funcionales, puesto que puede haber una amplia variabilidad de usos para un tipo o una forma concreta de útil. Intentar obtener respuesta al tipo de uso y gestión funcional de los útiles líticos se presentaba como una oportunidad para rellenar ese hueco informativo, por lo que se decidió realizar un estudio tanto de residuos como de huellas de uso. De esta forma se pretendía intentar obtener la mayor cantidad de datos posible. La base del trabajo funcional es el análisis microscópico de las superficies de los elementos líticos. Tanto antes como durante el análisis, se fueron comprobando algunos de los aspectos de la metodología y las técnicas de análisis para comprobar que métodos y técnicas eran más efectivas para analizar nuestros materiales. De esta manera se pudo realizar una propuesta metodológica sobre 4 ámbitos correlacionados que abarcaban desde el procesado de materiales, el análisis multitécnica y multianalítico, el estudio de las cualidades de los materiales y el desarrollo de programas experimentales específicos. Esta propuesta permitió obtener datos de los materiales trabajados, sino también sobre actividades realizadas, estadio de vida útil del artefacto (p. ej. reavivados y reciclajes), etc. El análisis funcional ha permitido establecer la funcionalidad, así como la intensidad y/o tiempo de ocupación de cada yacimiento. Cabe destacar la poca representatividad en los tres conjuntos de evidencias de uso largos, o más bien de actividades que requieren de mucho tiempo para ser completadas, tales como el procesado de la piel. Con contadas excepciones, y sobre todo en el nivel III de la Balma de la Vall, el trabajo de este material es una de las actividades clásicas menos documentadas. Por el contrario, el trabajo sobre madera está presente de forma mayoritaria en prácticamente todos los conjuntos. El análisis de los diferentes tipos de útil también permitió describir una gran variabilidad de usos de determinadas tipologías. En este caso destacan las láminas de dorso, las cuales han sido usadas para actividades muy diferentes en cada uno de los yacimientos e incluso entre niveles de ocupación de un mismo sitio. En definitiva, hemos podido constatar la utilidad y necesidad de realizar análisis funcionales sistemáticos para comprender no sólo el uso de los elementos líticos individuales, sino para describir tipos de ocupación y tipos de asentamientos. Esta investigación pone de manifiesto la importancia de incluir este tipo de análisis para las interpretaciones de los yacimientos, puesto que mantener la atribución funcional en base a la tipología puede y ofrece en ocasiones interpretaciones opuestas a las descritas por el análisis funcional. Esperamos que esta línea de investigación se mantenga, y se aplique en cada vez más yacimientos con el fin de obtener resultados que ayuden a comprender la adaptación de los grupos de cazadores-recolectores a sus recursos y al ambiente.<br>This research was focused on the functional analysis of three sites that cover the entire Upper Paleolithic sequence: Cova Foradada (Calafell, Tarragona) with Chatelperronian, Aurignacian and Gravettian levels; Montlleó (Prats i Sansor, Lleida), ascribed to the Badegoulian / Solutrean and the Lower / Early Middle Magdalenian, and La Balma de la Vall (Montblanc, Tarragona) from the final Magdalenian. The analysis of these 3 deposits made it possible to describe piece by piece if they were used or not and, when possible, the activity and the material worked were described. As well as the distribution of traces of residues on each artifact to be able to associate each one of the evidences with: use, hafting or resharpening / recycling process. With these data, it was possible to determine the functional relationships between retouched and untouched elements, if there was a real relationship between form and function, and if a type of artifact can be associated with a specific function. In the 3 sites, it was possible to determine that both retouched and untouched pieces are used to a great extent, although in all cases the retouched ones have a higher rate of use. This work has allowed us to verify that there are direct relationships between the morphology of the artifacts and their function, both in non-retouched and retouched tools. However, the relationship between type of tool and function could not be established. This is due to the fact that the variability of uses in the same type of piece is very high, both between sites and between the different cultures studied. These results allow inferring a high adaptability in the use of the tools of the hunter-gatherer groups, demonstrating that the functional analyzes are an essential tool to interpret the function and type of occupation of the settlements.
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17

Mesch, Christina [Verfasser], Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Witt, and Mathilde [Gutachter] Kersting. "Food choice during the complementary feeding period – Variety in dietary practice and experimental optimisation using (LC-)PUFA rich foods / Christina Mesch ; Gutachter: Heiko Witt, Mathilde Kersting ; Betreuer: Heiko Witt." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121206794/34.

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18

Blini, Elvio A. "Biases in Visuo-Spatial Attention: from Assessment to Experimental Induction." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424480.

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In this work I present several studies, which might appear rather heterogeneous for both experimental questions and methodological approaches, and yet are linked by a common leitmotiv: spatial attention. I will address issues related to the assessment of attentional asymmetries, in the healthy individual as in patients with neurological disorders, their role in various aspects of human cognition, and their neural underpinning, driven by the deep belief that spatial attention plays an important role in various mental processes that are not necessarily confined to perception. What follows is organized into two distinct sections. In the first I will focus on the evaluation of visuospatial asymmetries, starting from the description of a new paradigm particularly suitable for this purpose. In the first chapter I will describe the effects of multitasking in a spatial monitoring test; the main result shows a striking decreasing in detection performance as a function of the introduced memory load. In the second chapter I will apply the same paradigm to a clinical population characterized by a brain lesion affecting the left hemisphere. Despite a standard neuropsychological battery failed to highlight any lateralized attentional deficit, I will show that exploiting concurrent demands might lead to enhanced sensitivity of diagnostic tests and consequently positive effects on patients’ diagnostic and therapeutic management. Finally, in the third chapter I will suggest, in light of preliminary data, that attentional asymmetries also occur along the sagittal axis; I will argue, in particular, that more attentional resources appear to be allocated around peripersonal space, the resulting benefits extending to various tasks (i.e., discrimination tasks). Then, in the second section, I will follow a complementary approach: I will seek to induce attentional shifts in order to evaluate their role in different cognitive tasks. In the fourth and fifth chapters this will be pursued exploiting sensory stimulations: visual optokinetic stimulation and galvanic vestibular stimulation, respectively. In the fourth chapter I will show that spatial attention is highly involved in numerical cognition, this relationship being bidirectional. Specifically, I will show that optokinetic stimulation modulates the occurrence of procedural errors during mental arithmetics, and that calculation itself affects oculomotor behaviour in turn. In the fifth chapter I will examine the effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation, a particularly promising technique for the rehabilitation of lateralized attention disorders, on spatial representations. I will discuss critically a recent account for unilateral spatial neglect, suggesting that vestibular stimulations or disorders might indeed affect the metric representation of space, but not necessarily resulting in spatial unawareness. Finally, in the sixth chapter I will describe an attentional capture phenomenon by intrinsically rewarding distracters. I will seek, in particular, to predict the degree of attentional capture from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data and the related brain connectivity pattern; I will report preliminary data focused on the importance of the cingulate-opercular network, and discuss the results through a parallel with clinical populations characterized by behavioural addictions.<br>In questo lavoro presenterò una serie di ricerche che possono sembrare piuttosto eterogenee per quesiti sperimentali e approcci metodologici, ma sono tuttavia legate da un filo conduttore comune: i costrutti di ragionamento e attenzione spaziale. Affronterò in particolare aspetti legati alla valutazione delle asimmetrie attenzionali, nell'individuo sano come nel paziente con disturbi neurologici, il loro ruolo in vari aspetti della cognizione umana, e i loro substrati neurali, guidato dalla convinzione che l’attenzione spaziale giochi un ruolo importante in svariati processi mentali non necessariamente limitati alla percezione. Quanto segue è stato dunque organizzato in due sezioni distinte. Nella prima mi soffermerò sulla valutazione delle asimmetrie visuospaziali, iniziando dalla descrizione di un nuovo paradigma particolarmente adatto a questo scopo. Nel primo capitolo descriverò gli effetti del doppio compito e del carico attenzionale su un test di monitoraggio spaziale; il risultato principale mostra un netto peggioramento nella prestazione al compito di detezione spaziale in funzione del carico di memoria introdotto. Nel secondo capitolo applicherò lo stesso paradigma ad una popolazione clinica contraddistinta da lesione cerebrale dell’emisfero sinistro. Nonostante una valutazione neuropsicologica standard non evidenziasse alcun deficit lateralizzato dell’attenzione, mostrerò che sfruttare un compito accessorio può portare ad una spiccata maggiore sensibilità dei test diagnostici, con evidenti ricadute benefiche sull'iter clinico e terapeutico dei pazienti. Infine, nel terzo capitolo suggerirò, tramite dati preliminari, che asimmetrie attenzionali possono essere individuate, nell'individuo sano, anche lungo l’asse sagittale; argomenterò, in particolare, che attorno allo spazio peripersonale sembrano essere generalmente concentrate più risorse attentive, e che i benefici conseguenti si estendono a compiti di varia natura (ad esempio compiti di discriminazione). Passerò dunque alla seconda sezione, in cui, seguendo una logica inversa, indurrò degli spostamenti nel focus attentivo in modo da valutarne il ruolo in compiti di varia natura. Nei capitoli quarto e quinto sfrutterò delle stimolazioni sensoriali: la stimolazione visiva optocinetica e la stimolazione galvanico vestibolare, rispettivamente. Nel quarto capitolo mostrerò che l’attenzione spaziale è coinvolta nella cognizione numerica, con cui intrattiene rapporti bidirezionali. Nello specifico mostrerò da un lato che la stimolazione optocinetica può modulare l’occorrenza di errori procedurali nel calcolo mentale, dall'altro che il calcolo stesso ha degli effetti sull'attenzione spaziale e in particolare sul comportamento oculomotorio. Nel quinto capitolo esaminerò gli effetti della stimolazione galvanica vestibolare, una tecnica particolarmente promettente per la riabilitazione dei disturbi attentivi lateralizzati, sulle rappresentazioni mentali dello spazio. Discuterò in modo critico un recente modello della negligenza spaziale unilaterale, suggerendo che stimolazioni e disturbi vestibolari possano sì avere ripercussioni sulle rappresentazioni metriche dello spazio, ma senza comportare necessariamente inattenzione per lo spazio stesso. Infine, nel sesto capitolo descriverò gli effetti di cattura dell’attenzione visuospaziale che stimoli distrattori intrinsecamente motivanti possono esercitare nell'adulto sano. Cercherò, in particolare, di predire l’entità di questa cattura attenzionale partendo da immagini di risonanza magnetica funzionale a riposo: riporterò dati preliminari focalizzati sull'importanza del circuito cingolo-opercolare, effettuando un parallelismo con popolazioni cliniche caratterizzate da comportamenti di dipendenza.
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19

Glad, Damien. "L'armement dans la région balkanique à l'époque romaine tardive et proto-byzantine (284-641) : héritage, adaptation et innovation." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010650.

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Cette thèse de doctorat en archéologie est consacrée à l'étude des "militaria" découvertes dans la péninsule balkanique et issues de contextes datés de l'époque romaine tardive et protobyzantine. La définition des champs de l'enquête permet, dans un premier temps, d'établir un corpus répertoriant 156 sites archéologiques à armes et de proposer l'inventaire des "militaria" dans leurs contextes historiographiques, géographiques et chronologiques. L'analyse typologique replace ensuite ces armes dans leurs contextes de production, de diffusion et d'approvisionnement, d'utilisation, d'entretien et d'abandon. Une telle analyse démontre enfin qu'aucune forme n'est anodine et que l'évolution de celle-ci résulte d'héritage, d'adaptation et d'innovation<br>This Phd work in archaeology deals with the study of "militaria", found on the Balkan Peninsula, from late roman and early-byzantine archaeological contexts. At first, the definition of field investigation allows to establish a database indexing 156 archaeological sites with weapons and to take stock of the "militaria" within their historiographical, geographical and chronological contexts. Cluster analysis then puts these weapons in their contexts of manufacture, circulation and supplying, use, maintenance and abandonment. This analysis demonstrates finally that no style is trivial and that the evolution of the latter results of inheritance, borrowing and innovation
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Reich, Guillaume. "Traces d'utilisations et mutilations sur les armes laténiennes : l'exemple des armes du site de La Tène conservées au Laténium." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG022.

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La principale collection d’armes du site de La Tène (armes de poing, d’hast, de jet, boucliers) est étudiée sous l’angle de la tracéologie. Les armes du Laténium sont dans l’ensemble bien préservées du fait de l’anaérobie, parfois recouvertes d’une simple patine. L’approche de cette thèse de doctorat est basée sur un croisement disciplinaire entre l’analyse typo-chronologique, l’archéologie expérimentale, « l’ethno-archéologie » et les sciences forensiques. Est-ce possible, à compter de traces visibles sur les objets de La Tène, mais également sur d’autres sites laténiens, d’interpréter les traces de destructions sur les armes ? Ces dernières sont-elles plutôt imputables à des actes rituels volontaires ou faut-il y voir les résultats accidentels de combats ? Il ne s’agit pas ici de trancher définitivement l’épineuse question de la fonction du site de La Tène, mais d’apporter quelques pistes de réflexion sur l’interprétation de ce « gisement » énigmatique (sanctuaire, trophée militaire,…)<br>The weapons from the main collection from La Tène (impact and thrusting weapons, lances, projectiles/throwing spears, shields) have been analysed for use-wear. Due to the anaerobic conditions, the pieces at the Laténium are largely well preserved, with many bearing a simple patina. This PhD thesis combines chronotypology, experimental archaeology, «ethnoarchaeology» and forensics to answer the following question : is it possible by examining the traces visible on the objects from La Tène and other sites to as certain whether the weapons were put beyond use deliberately, as part of a ritual, or did it occur during combat ? The objective is not to deduce the function of the enigmatic site (sanctuary, monument to a military victory,…) but to find ways of interpreting it
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Ferrari, Luís Eduardo Accordi. "Análise dos efeitos da manutenção periódica de tratores agrícolas através do método de planejamento de experimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139406.

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Este trabalho tem o objetivo de quantificar os efeitos da manutenção periódica de motores de tratores agrícolas sobre a potência medida na sua tomada de potência - TDP, e sobre o consumo de combustível. Para isso, utiliza-se o método de planejamento de experimentos, com um fatorial completo 25 sem repetição, totalizando 32 ensaios independentes. Para o experimento, utiliza-se um trator agrícola de rodas, com motor 6 cilindros, de 6,8 litros, com sistema de combustível de injeção direta, com uma bomba injetora rotativa, turboalimentado e com intercooler. Os parâmetros de controle são escolhidos com base na experiência do autor e seus níveis são definidos experimentalmente. São eles: a) condição externa do radiador, b) condição do filtro de combustível, c) condição do filtro de ar, d) qualidade do combustível e e) condição do óleo de motor. É possível constatar que os parâmetros com maior influência na potência são a condição do filtro de ar, condição do óleo do motor e uma interação de segunda ordem entre a qualidade do combustível e o óleo do motor. Eles são responsáveis por variações na potência de, respectivamente, 2,7%, 2,4% e 1,7%, referenciados na condição ideal de teste. O consumo de combustível não apresenta variação significativa em relação a nenhum dos fatores estudados, o que leva a concluir que não existe relação entre ele e a manutenção periódica do trator nos termos propostos por este trabalho. Por fim, mostra-se que a correta manutenção, desde sua condição extrema até sua condição ideal, aumenta em até 7% a potência útil disponibilizada pelo equipamento para o trabalho do campo.<br>This study aims to quantify the effects of periodic maintenance of agricultural tractors’ engines on the power measured at its power takeoff - PTO, and its fuel consumption. To do this, we use the design of experiments method, 25 full factorial without replication, totaling 32 independent assays. For the experiment, we use an agricultural wheel tractor, with 6 cylinder engine, 6,8 liters, rotary fuel pump and direct injection fuel system, turbocharged with intercooler. The control parameters are chosen based on the author's experience and their levels are defined experimentally. They are: a) external condition of radiator, b) fuel filter condition, c) air filter condition, d) quality of the fuel and e) engine oil condition. It can be seen that the parameters with the greatest influence on power are the air filter condition, engine oil condition and a second-order interaction between fuel quality and engine oil. They are responsible for variations in power, respectively of, 2.7%, 2.4% and 1.7%, results based on ideal condition. Fuel consumption presents no significant variation in relation to any of the factors studied, which leads to the conclusion that there is no relation between it and the periodic maintenance of the tractor the way it is proposed by this work. Finally, it is shown that with the correct maintenance, since the extreme condition to the ideal condition, increases up to 7% the power provided by the equipment to work in the field.
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Otermans, Pauldy Cornelia Johanna. "A comparison of behavioural and functional neuroanatomical correlates of executive functions in multitasking and working memory." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16201.

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This thesis aims to explore the role of executive functions in multitasking. Research has shown that severe performance decrements often arise in dual-task performance, also called multitasking, as compared to single task performance. This reflects a limitation in processing temporally overlapping information. Interference between tasks arises due to a bottleneck process limited to processing only one task at a time. It has been proposed that this interference is resolved by executive functions. However, the dual-task paradigm employed in this thesis, Psychological Refractory Period (PRP) paradigm, (Pashler, 1994) is typically investigated in the field of human action performance, and the exact concept of executive functions remains underspecified. However, while underspecified in the area of action performance, executive functions have been investigated in detail in the field of memory research, more specifically in the context of working memory (WM). Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate whether the executive functions in PRP are related to the executive functions as discussed in the context of WM. To test this question, we combined the PRP paradigm with a WM task, creating a complex WM span task. If the executive functions of WM and PRP are indeed related, then an interaction between the two tasks should be evident. Participants were presented with a sequence of letters to remember, followed by a processing block in which they had to perform either a single task or a dual-task, and finally were asked to recall the letters. Results (Chapter 2) showed that recall performance decreased when performing a dual-task as compared to performing a single task. This supports the assumption that PRP dual-tasks demand executive functions of WM. Following this, two other experiments were performed each with a different parametric modulation of the processing demands of the PRP dual task; response order (fixed vs random; Chapter 3) and stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA, short vs long; Chapter 4) of the component tasks. Recall performance was lower after a more difficult dual-task compared to an easier dual-task, which again indicates that demands on executive functions are increased in the dual-task. While previous neuroscientific research indeed showed that dual-tasks as well as WM tasks rely on lateral-prefrontal cortices (LPFC), it remains unknown whether both tasks activate the same areas or different sub-areas of the LPFC. Therefore, this study (Chapter 6) investigated how the neuroanatomical correlates of both dual-task and WM compare to each other. The brain activation for the PRP and WM tasks showed considerable overlap as well as some differentiation. Both tasks activated, among other areas, the inferior frontal junction. With respect to differences, the PRP task activated more the inferior middle frontal gyrus (MFG) whilst the WM component activated more the superior MFG. Thus, results support the assumption that PRP dual-tasks demand the executive functions of WM. This will allow us to inform theoretical models of cognition and to get a better understanding of human cognition. Future studies can build on this in order to create a more consolidated conceptualisation of the relationship between WM and multitasking.
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23

Juher, Barrot David. "Set of periods, topological entropy and combinatorial dynamics for tree and graph maps." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3078.

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La tesi versa sobre sistemes dinàmics discrets 1-dimensionals, des d'un punt de vista combinatori i topològic. Estem interessats en les òrbites periòdiques i l'entropia topològica de les aplicacions contínues definides en arbres i grafs.<br/>El problema central és la caracterització del conjunt de períodes de totes les òrbites periòdiques d'una aplicació contínua d'un arbre en ell mateix. El teorema de Sharkovskii (1964) fou el primer resultat remarcable en aquest sentit. Aquest bonic teorema estableix que el conjunt de períodes d'una aplicació de l'interval és un segment inicial d'un ordre lineal (ordre de Sharkovskii). Recíprocament, donat qualsevol segment inicial d'aquest ordre, existeix una aplicació de l'interval que el té com a conjunt de períodes. <br/>Durant les darreres dècades hi ha hagut diversos intents de trobar resultats similars al de Sharkovskii per a altres espais 1-dimensionals. Recentment, el cas d'arbres ha estat tractat especialment. El Teorema de Baldwin (1991) resol el problema en el cas de les n-estrelles i ha estat un dels avenços més significatius en aquesta direcció. Aquest resultat estableix que el conjunt de períodes per a una aplicació de la n-estrella és unió finita de segments inicials de n ordres parcials (ordres de Baldwin), i recíprocament.<br/>El nostre objectiu principal és descriure l'estructura del conjunt de períodes de qualsevol aplicació contínua d'un arbre T en termes de les propietats combinatòries i topològiques de T: quantitat i disposició d'extrems, vèrtexs i arestes. En el capítol 1 discutim detalladament la manera més natural d'atacar el problema, i proposem una estratègia consistent en tres etapes consecutives. L'eina principal d'aquesta estratègia són els models minimals de patrons. Aquestes nocions es van desenvolupar i utilitzar durant les darreres dècades en el context de l'interval. En canvi, no es disposava de definicions operatives equivalents per a arbres, fins que al 1997 Alseda, Guaschi, Los, Manyosas i Mumbru proposaren de definir el patró d'un conjunt finit invariant P essencialment com una classe d'homotopia d'aplicacions relativa a P, i provaren (constructivament) que sempre existeix un model P-canònic amb propietats de minimalitat dinàmica. <br/>L'objectiu del capítol 2 és implementar completament el programa proposat, duent a terme les etapes 2 i 3. El resultat principal d'aquest capítol diu que, donada una aplicació g definida en un arbre T, existeix un conjunt S de successions finites d'enters positius tal que el conjunt de períodes de g és (excepte un conjunt finit explícitament acotat) una unió finita de segments inicials d'ordres de Baldwin donats en termes del conjunt S, que depèn de les propietats combinatòries de l'arbre T. També provem el recíproc. <br/>En el capítol 3 duem a terme experiments informàtics sobre la minimalitat dinàmica dels models canònics. En un esperit de programació modular, hem dissenyat moltes funcions autocontingudes que poden ser usades per implementar una gran varietat d'aplicacions d'ús divers. Entre altres, tenim funcions que calculen el model canònic d'un patró donat per l'usuari, calculen la matriu de Markov associada a un model monòton a trossos i extreuen tots els llaços simples d'una matriu de transició de Markov. <br/>Finalment, en el capítol 4 generalitzem alguns resultats de Block i Coven, Misiurewicz i Nitecki i Takahashi, en els quals l'entropia topològica d'una aplicació de l'interval s'aproxima per les entropies de les seves òrbites periòdiques. Hem provat relacions anàlogues en el context de les aplicacions de grafs.<br>This memoir deals with one-dimensional discrete dynamical systems, from both a topological and a combinatorial point of view. We are interested in the periodic orbits and topological entropy of continuous self-maps defined on trees and graphs.<br/>The central problem is the characterisation of the set of periods of all periodic orbits exhibited by any continuous map from a tree into itself. The Sharkovskii's Theorem (1964) was the first remarkable result in this setting. This theorem states that the set of periods of any interval map is an initial segment of a linear ordering (the so-called Sharkovskii ordering). Conversely, given any initial segment of the Sharkovskii ordering, there exists an interval map whose set of periods coincides with it.<br/>During the last decades there have been several attempts to find results similar to that of Sharkovskii for other one-dimensional spaces. Recently, the case of maps defined on general trees has been specially treated. Baldwin's Theorem (1991), which solves the problem in the case of n-stars for any n, has been one of the most significant advances in this direction. This result states that the set of periods of any n-star map is a finite union of initial segments of n-many partial orderings (the Baldwin orderings). The converse is also true.<br/>Our main purpose is to describe the generic structure of the set of periods of any continuous self-map defined on a tree T in terms of the combinatorial and topological properties of T: amount and arrangement of endpoints, vertices and edges. In Chapter 1 we make a detailed discussion about which is the more natural approach to this problem, and we propose a strategy consisting on three consecutive stages and using minimal models of patterns as the main tool. These notions were developed in the context of interval maps and widely used in a number of papers during the last two decades. However, equivalent operative definitions for tree maps were not available until 1997, when Alseda, Guaschi, Los, Manosas and Mumbru proposed to define the pattern of a finite invariant set P essentially as a homotopy class of maps relative to the points of P, and proved (constructively) that there always exists a P-canonical model displaying dynamic minimality properties.<br/>The goal of Chapter 2 is to implement in full the above programme by completing stages 2 and 3. The main result of Chapter 2 tells us that for each tree map g defined on a tree T there exists a finite set S of sequences of positive integers such that the set of periods of g is (up to an explicitly bounded finite set) a finite union of initial segments of Baldwin orderings, given in terms of the set S, which depends on the combinatorial properties of the tree T. We also prove the converse result.<br/>In Chapter 3 we report some computer experiments on the minimality of the dynamics of canonical models. In a spirit of modular programming, we have designed lots of self-contained functions which can be used to implement a wide variety of several-purpose software. Among other, we have functions that: compute the canonical model of a pattern provided by the user, calculate the Markov transition matrix associated to a piecewise monotone tree map and extract all the simple loops of a given length from a Markov transition matrix.<br/>Finally, in Chapter 4 we generalize some results of Block & Coven, Misiurewicz & Nitecki and Takahashi, where the topological entropy of an interval map was approximated by the entropies of its periodic orbits. We prove analogous relations in the setting of graph maps.
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Pedroso, Mariana Queiroz Martins. "A resposta de andar na roda como reforço em ratos: um estudo exploratório sobre a resposta de andar na roda como reforço e sua relação com a restrição do tempo de alimento disponivel." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16842.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Queiroz Martins Pedroso.pdf: 1093596 bytes, checksum: 07eb393466b02df8274ee63254b1d002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-16<br>Replicating Iversen s (1993) procedure, this study s goal was to increase the comprehension of the running response of rats on an activity wheel when running was a consequence of responding on a fixed-ratio schedule. The study also explored the impact of a restricted period of food availability on the reinforcing value of wheel running. Body weight, food and water consumption of six female rats were systematically measured. Five subjects were also submitted to a procedure designed to install wheel-running as a consequence for lever pressing. After baseline measures of wheel running, a gradual restriction of the session time when wheel-running was possible was implemented, followed by the shaping of a lever pressing response reinforced by wheel-running, and a phase when lever pressing was maintained by intermittent reinforcement on a FR. The FR values initially were increased automatically and later the FR values were increased based on the analysis of the subject s responses. One subject was finally submitted to an extinction procedure of the lever pressing response. The availability of food also varied during experimental phases concomitantly with the manipulation of lever pressing and wheel running: food was initially available all the time, later food was available for 90 minutes daily, and, finally, it was available all the time again for some subjects.. Results indicated that the lever pressing that produced wheel running as a consequence was acquired and maintained for 4 of 5 subjects. Nevertheless these responses were emitted at low rates, and were acquired only after a long training. For one subject, the lever pressing response was acquired only when food was its consequence and was, then maintained when the consequence became wheel-running. Results also showed that rate of lever pressing and the number of wheel turns decreased as the value of fixed ratio increased, and that weight loss did not depend on the number of wheel turns, but seemed to depend on the time restriction of food availability. It is discussed that for 3 subjects the time restriction of food availability was an establishing operation for wheel-running<br>Similar ao procedimento de Iversen (1993), este estudo buscou compreender o funcionamento da resposta de andar na roda como reforço, em esquema de reforçamento em FR e explorou o impacto da restrição do tempo de alimento disponível sobre o valor reforçador de andar na roda. Seis ratas foram submetidas à linha de base de peso corporal, consumo de alimento e água. Destas, cinco foram designadas às seguintes fases tendo a possibilidade de andar na roda: sessões de linha de base, redução gradual do tempo de possibilidade de andar na roda; modelagem da resposta de pressão à barra; reforçamento intermitente em FR com aumento automático do valor da FR, aumento do valor da FR determinado pela análise das respostas emitidas pelos sujeitos e extinção da resposta de pressão à barra. Sobre o alimento, destacam-se as seguintes condições: alimento disponível por tempo integral, 90 de alimento disponível por dia e alimento por tempo integral. Tais condições acompanharam as manipulações das variáveis relativas a andar na roda. Os resultados apontaram que quatro de cinco sujeitos adquiriram com muito treino e mantiveram com taxas baixas a resposta de pressão à barra tendo a possibilidade de andar na roda como conseqüência, diferente do obtido por Iversen (1993). Para um sujeito, inclusive a resposta de pressão à barra só foi instalada usando alimento como reforço, e depois mantida com a resposta de andar na roda. Observou-se também que as taxas de respostas de pressão à barra e o número de voltas na roda diminuíram com o aumento do valor da FR, e que a perda de peso dos sujeitos não dependeu da quantidade de voltas na roda e sim da restrição do tempo de alimento disponível. Pode-se dizer que a restrição do tempo de alimento foi uma operação estabelecedora que alterou a efetividade reforçadora do andar na roda para quatro dos sujeitos
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Gifre, Renom Laia. "Study of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) nanoparticles and their potential to optimize the cow dry period." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669701.

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Hi ha un pla d’acció mundial, sota el lema One Health, fent un clam urgent a minimitzar l’ús d’antibiòtics a tots els nivells –humà, animal i ambiental– en una batalla conjunta contra la crisi associada a la resistència als antimicrobians (AMR) que amenaça la salut global. El desenvolupament de noves estratègies preventives per tractar malalties infeccioses ha esdevingut, doncs, una iniciativa essencial des que l’ús preventiu d’antibiòtics està essent prohibit. En vaquí de llet, el període d’eixugat és una fase sensible durant la qual les vaques són especialment susceptibles a patir infeccions intramamàries, o mastitis, degut a l’estat immunitari temporalment ineficient en què es troba la glàndula mamària. En aquest context, calen alternatives per controlar i reduir la incidència de mastitis durant l’eixugat i, alhora, disminuir l’ús d’antibiòtics. Els cossos d’inclusió (CIs), agregats de proteïna produïts de manera recombinant en bactèries i fàcilment escalables a baix cost, ja han demostrat un gran potencial en àrees de recerca com l’enginyeria de teixits i la teràpia oncològica. Per tal d’explorar el seu potencial en l’àmbit de la producció animal, aquesta tesi s’ha enfocat a cobrir tots els passos cap al desenvolupament, la caracterització i l’aplicació d’aquesta teràpia basada en proteïnes, recent i prometedora, en el sector lleter. La posta a punt d’un protocol de solubilització dels CIs per l’obtenció de la Metal·loproteinasa-9 (MMP-9) en format soluble usant microorganismes classificats com a Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS), ens ha permès desenvolupar nous sistemes d’alliberament de MMP-9 i comparar-los amb el comportament dels CIs. La gran estabilitat mostrada pels CIs comparada amb d’altres formats ens va fer considerar la seva aplicabilitat in vivo. Com a primer pas, l’administració d’aquests CIs en un model murí va suggerir, per primera vegada, que el seu potencial com a agent immunostimulant podia ser degut a la combinació de dos efectes diferents. Per una banda vam observar un efecte inespecífic i efímer, associat al propi format del CI, i per l’altra vam observar també un efecte específic de la MMP-9 que s’estenia en el temps. Això ens va encoratjar a estudiar quins serien els efectes en el teixit diana proposat en aquest treball, la glàndula mamària bovina en l’eixugat. La MMP-9 no va tenir un efecte específic rellevant accelerant els estadis més primerencs de la involució, però vam observar que aquests agregats proteics acceleraven de 3 a 6 dies l’augment en els nivells de marcadors d’involució, l’alliberament de pèptids bacteriostàtics naturals com ara lactoferrina, i el reclutament de cèl·lules immunitàries a la glàndula mamària, mitjançant un efecte inespecífic. Per tant, aquests resultats consoliden els CIs de MMP-9 com potents agents immunostimulants –tot i que inespecífics– a la glàndula mamària bovina durant l’eixugat, i revela que encara hi ha moltes oportunitats noves per explorar en l’ús de nanopartícules proteiques, per assolir un efecte més específic en l’acceleració de la involució i el sistema immunitari a la glàndula mamària.<br>There is a worldwide action plan under the motto One Health, calling for the urgent minimization in the use of antibiotics at all levels –human, animal and environmental– in the joint battle against the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis that threatens global health. The development of new preventive strategies to treat infection diseases has become, therefore, an essential initiative since the use of preventive antibiotics is being banned. In dairy cattle, the dry period is a sensitive phase in which cows easily suffer of intramammary infections, or mastitis, due to the temporally inefficient immune condition in the mammary gland. In this context, alternatives are required in order to control and reduce mastitis incidence at dry-off and to diminish the need of antibiotics. Inclusion bodies (IBs), which are protein aggregates recombinantly produced in bacteria and with an easy and low-cost scale-up, have already demonstrated a great potential in research areas such as tissue engineering and cancer therapy. With the aim of exploring their potential into the animal production sector, this thesis has been focused to cover all steps in the way along the development, characterization and application of this novel and promising protein-based therapy in dairy sector. Starting from the acquisition of soluble MMP-9 by solubilizing IBs using a newly described protocol for Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) bacteria protein-factories, we have been able to develop new MMP-9 delivery formats and to compare them with IB performances. The greater stability shown by IBs when compared with other formats brought us to consider their applicability in vivo. As a first step, their administration in a murine model revealed for the first time that their potential as an immunostimulant agent could be importantly dissected into two distinct effects. One effect, unspecific and ephemeral, was driven by the IB format whereas the other effect was MMP-9-specific and extended in time. These encouraged us to try to uncover what would be the effects triggered in their ultimate target, the bovine mammary gland at dry-off. Although MMP-9 had not a relevant specific role triggering the early stages of involution in this context, we observed that these protein aggregates accelerated from 3 to 6 days the onset of involution biomarkers, the release of natural bacteriostatic peptides such as lactoferrin, and the recruitment of immune cells in the mammary gland though an unspecific action. Therefore, these results consolidate MMP-9 IBs as a potent immunostimulatory –although unspecific– agent in the bovine mammary gland at dry-off, and reveal that new opportunities are yet to be explored in the use of protein nanoparticles to reach a more specific effect in the acceleration of the mammary gland involution and immune system.
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Garcia, Irandaia Ubirajara. "Estudo da participação do sistema imunologico durante o periodo pre-tumoral na carcinogeneses pancreatica experimental." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317099.

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Orientador: Maria Juana Escribano<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T11:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_IrandaiaUbirajara_D.pdf: 9327229 bytes, checksum: 1adb737cb20a365e67d01b2e765f4679 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994<br>Resumo: A carcinogênese experimental em hamster, induzida por nitrosaminas, é um processo multifásico dando origem a adenocarcinomas na fase terminal, semelhante à doença humana. A resposta humoral e celular neste modelo, levou aos seguintes resultados: Quando os tecidos são tratados com antissoro específico aos linfócitos "T" de hamster, observamos uma migração de células "T" através do tecido exócrino em paralelo a neo-vascularização intensa (angiogênese). Esta migração foi observada precocemente, antes que pudesse constatar lesões nas análises por histologia convencional. Parece que as células em possível cooperação com outras células imunocompetentes, foram capazes de atacar ou destruir as acinares sem alterações morfológicas evidentes, ao lado de canais hiperplásicos correspondentes às lesões pré-neoplásicas. Entretanto, não foi observado linfócitos "T" em contacto direto com os canais em hiperplasia epitelial. Ao longo da carcinogênese observamos um aumento progressivo da síntese de imunoglobulinas circulantes. Esta foi medida pelo método semi-quantitativo "dot-blot", utilizando antissoro anti-lgG total de hamster. O método da imunoperoxidase indireta nos cortes histológicos, mostrou a presença de auto-anticorpos dirigidos provavelmente contra neoantígenos , que surgiram em consequência das lesões induzidas. ... Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital<br>Abstract: Experimental carcinogenesis in hamster, induced by nitrosamines, is a multiphasic processus ultimatly leading to adenocarcinomas closely ressembling the human illness.A follow-up of hUl11oral and cellular immuncrcsponscs in this modcl allowcd thc following results: When tissues were processed with an antiserum specifc for hamster T-lymphocytes, we observed a migration of T-cells througth the exocrine tissue concomitant with abundant neovascularitation (angiogenis). Migration occurred far before lesiolls could be Iloticed by conventional histology. Apparently, these cells, in possible cooperatin with other immunocompetent cells, were able to attack or destroy acini with no signifíant morphological alterations as well as hyperplasic ducts which are preneoplasic lesions. T-Iynphocytes in neoplasic ducts were, on the contraty, not observed. Along the carcinogenesis there also was an increase in immunoglobuline synthesis in blood-circulation This was evaluated by semiquantitative nitrocellulose immuno "dot blot" using anti-whole Ig antiserum. Indirect immunoperoxidase in the tissue sections showed presence of autoantibodies directed against neoantigens appearing as a consequence of theinduced lesions. ... Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Imunologia
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27

Tasende, Celia. "Pituitary and uterine sex steriod receptors in ewes : seasonal and postpartum anoestrus, oestrous cycle and experimentally induced subnormal luteal phases /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200597.pdf.

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28

BOURAHLA, KHALIL. "Toxicite chimique et radiologique des isotopes de l'iode etude experimentale chez le rat en periode perinatale." Paris 12, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA120006.

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La mesure prophylactique recommandee en cas d'exposition aux radioiodes est une surcharge en iode stable. En periode perinatale, la thyroide est radiosensible mais fragile vis-a-vis d'une surcharge iodee. Ce travail, realise chez le rat, traite de la toxicite thyroidienne potentielle de la prophylaxie et etudie les radiolesions precoces induites par l'i131. Sur la base d'etudes microscopiques (optique, electronique, ionique) et de dosages (tsh, t4) 4 aspects sont traites : 1/evolution morpho-fonctionnelle perinatale (f18, j1, j4, j10, j21, j35). 2/consequences d'une surcharge iodee a 3 moments de la maturation thyroidienne (f16, f20 et j4). 3/effets sur la croissance thyrocytaire de differentes surcharges iodees (4g, 20g, 100g). 4/effets radiotoxiques (a 48h) de l'i131 administre a j5 (30gy) et a j35 (900gy). Ce travail a permis les constatations suivantes : 1/l'evolution perinatale du tissu thyroidien de rat montre des modifications ultrastructurales, folliculaires et des destructions folliculaires physiologiques. 2/la variabilite des effets de la surcharge iodee: hyperfonctionnement pour les surcharges a f16, destruction tissulaire avec une hypothyroidie compensee pour les surcharges a j5, absence d'anomalie thyroidienne patente pour la surcharge a j20. 3/ la surcharge iodee inhibe l'entree en phase s du cycle cellulaire a une niveau inferieur (1/20) a celui prophylaxie. 4/l'i131, administre a j5 (30 gy), induit une lyse du contenu en acides nucleiques. L'i131 administre a j35(900 gy), induit une reaction inflammatoire importante et des phenomenes d'apoptose. Conclusion : en periode perinatale la mesure prophylactique par l'iode stable peut, chez le rat, avoir 2 actions conjuguees : une action interessante d'inhibition de la croissance thyrocytaire, et une action toxique se traduisant, selon le stade de maturation, soit par un hyperfonctionnement soit par une destruction folliculaire mais sans hypothyroidie constituee. Les effets precoces de l'i131 semblent lies a l'age.
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Sánchez, Sánchez Iván. "Limit cycles and critical periods for some polynomial differential equations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673834.

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La present tesi doctoral s’emmarca en l’estudi dels problemes de centre i ciclicitat, així com d’isocronia i criticalitat, en el context de la teoria qualitativa d’equacions diferencials. Aquesta memòria està organitzada en tres capítols. El primer capítol tracta els problemes de centre i ciclicitat. Comencem donant una descripció més profunda i exhaustiva dels problemes de centre i ciclicitat, juntament amb una breu introducció a les principals eines sobre ideals polinomials i algunes tècniques clàssiques per classificar centres, com ara les simetries o la Teoria de Integrabilitat de Darboux. Després procedim a una anàlisi més detallada de les constants de Lyapunov, mostrant mètodes per calcular-les i com aquests càlculs es poden implementar computacionalment, emfatitzant la importància de la paral·lelització en les tècniques utilitzades. Posteriorment, tractem els problemes de centre i ciclicitat per algunes famílies d’equacions diferencials en el pla. També recopilem una sèrie d’avenços en el càlcul de les constants de Lyapunov i la determinació de la seva estructura. En l’última secció del Capítol 1 estudiem la bifurcació de Hopf en camps vectorials polinomials tridimensionals, amb l’objectiu de trobar el major nombre possible de cicles límit per a diferents graus. Les tècniques emprades han permès trobar 11 cicles límit per a sistemes quadràtics, 31 per a sistemes cúbics, 54 per a sistemes quàrtics i 92 per a sistemes quíntics, que segons coneixem són els nombres més alts trobats fins al moment. El segon capítol està dedicat a l’estudi de la isocronia i la criticalitat. Comencem per definir els dos conceptes amb més detall, treballant en les nocions de funció de període i períodes crítics. A continuació, s’introdueix l’equivalència entre isocronia i linealitzabilitat, juntament amb altres eines per a l’estudi de la isocronia que són el claudàtor de Lie i els sistemes transversals que commuten, així com el càlcul de constants de període. La següent secció de l’Capítol 2 té com a objectiu trobar el nombre màxim de períodes crítics que es despleguen a partir de centres polinomials al pla de grau baix n quan es pertorben els centres isòcrons holomorfs reversibles dins la classe reversible. Demostrem que apareixen 6 períodes crítics per al cas cúbic, 10 per al cas quàrtic, (n^2+n-2)/2 per a n entre 5 i 9 (ambdós inclosos) i (n^2+n-4)/2 per n entre 10 i 16 (ambdós inclosos). La secció final d’aquest capítol presenta la idea d’utilitzar un equivalent de funcions de Melnikov per a la bifurcació de períodes crítics en lloc de cicles límit. Això permet obtenir 10, 22, 37, 57, 80, 106 i 136 períodes crítics per n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 i 16, respectivament. També classifiquem alguns centres isòcrons al llarg d’aquesta secció. L’últim capítol presenta un nou problema que, fins on sabem, mai abans s’havia considerat. Aquest problema consisteix a estudiar simultàniament la bifurcació de cicles límit i períodes crítics per a un sistema d’equacions diferencials en el pla, obtenint un valor (k,l) que vol dir que k cicles límit i l períodes crítics poden desplegar-se simultàniament. En aquesta línia, definirem el terme bi-feblesa [k,l] com un concepte per al grau dels primers coeficients diferents de zero en l’aplicació de retorn k i la funció de període l al mateix temps, sense mantenir les propietats de centre i isocronia. Estudiem la bi-feblesa per diferents famílies clàssiques, i donem una classificació completa de la ciclicitat i criticalitat simultànies per al sistema de Liénard cúbic. També mostrem la isocronia d’algunes famílies de Liénard en aquesta part.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se enmarca en el estudio de los problemas de centro y ciclicidad, así como de isocronía y criticalidad, en el contexto de la teoría cualitativa de ecuaciones diferenciales. Esta memoria está organizada en tres capítulos. El primer capítulo trata los problemas del centro y la ciclicidad. Comenzamos dando una descripción más profunda y exhaustiva de los problemas de centro y ciclicidad, junto con una breve introducción a las principales herramientas sobre ideales polinomiales y algunas técnicas clásicas para clasificar centros, como las simetrías o la Teoría de Integrabilidad de Darboux. Luego procedemos a un análisis más detallado de las constantes de Lyapunov, mostrando métodos para calcularlas y cómo estos cálculos pueden implementarse computacionalmente, enfatizando la importancia de la paralelización en las técnicas utilizadas. Posteriormente, tratamos los problemas de centro y ciclicidad para algunas familias de ecuaciones diferenciales en el plano. También recopilamos una serie de avances en el cálculo de las constantes de Lyapunov y la determinación de su estructura. En la última sección del Capítulo 1 estudiamos la bifurcación de Hopf en campos vectoriales polinomiales tridimensionales, con el objetivo de encontrar el mayor número posible de ciclos límite para diferentes grados. Las técnicas empleadas han permitido encontrar 11 ciclos límite para sistemas cuadráticos, 31 para sistemas cúbicos, 54 para sistemas cuárticos y 92 para sistemas quínticos, que a nuestro saber son los números más altos encontrados hasta el momento. El segundo capítulo está dedicado al estudio de la isocronía y la criticalidad. Comenzamos por definir ambos conceptos con más detalle, trabajando en las nociones de función de período y períodos críticos. A continuación, se introduce la equivalencia entre isocronía y linealizabilidad, junto con otras herramientas para el estudio de la isocronía que son el corchete de Lie y los sistemas transversales que conmutan, así como el cálculo de constantes de período. La siguiente sección del Capítulo 2 tiene como objetivo encontrar el número máximo de períodos críticos que se desplegan a partir de centros polinomiales en el plano de grado bajo n cuando se perturban los centros isócronos holomorfos reversibles dentro de la clase reversible. Demostramos que aparecen 6 períodos críticos para el caso cúbico, 10 para el caso cuártico, (n^2+n-2)/2 para n entre 5 y 9 (ambos incluidos) y (n^2+n-4)/2 para n entre 10 y 16 (ambos incluidos). La sección final de este capítulo presenta la idea de utilizar un equivalente de funciones de Melnikov para la bifurcación de períodos críticos en lugar de ciclos límite. Esto permite obtener 10, 22, 37, 57, 80, 106 y 136 períodos críticos para n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 y 16, respectivamente. También clasificamos algunos centros isócronos a lo largo de esta sección. El último capítulo presenta un nuevo problema que, hasta donde sabemos, nunca antes se había considerado. Este problema consiste en estudiar simultáneamente la bifurcación de ciclos límite y períodos críticos para un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales en el plano, obteniendo un valor (k,l) que significa que k ciclos límite y l períodos críticos pueden desarrollarse simultáneamente. En esta línea, definiremos el término bi-debilidad [k,l] como un concepto para el grado de los primeros coeficientes distintos de cero en la aplicación de retorno k y la función de período l al mismo tiempo, sin mantener las propiedades de centro e isocronía. Estudiamos la bi-debilidad para diferentes familias clásicas, y damos una clasificación completa de la ciclicidad y criticalidad simultáneas para el sistema de Liénard cúbico. También mostramos la isocronía de algunas familias de Liénard en esta parte.<br>The present doctoral thesis is framed in the study of the center and cyclicity problems, as well as isochronicity and criticality, in the context of the qualitative theory of differential equations. This memory is organized in three chapters. The first chapter deals with the center and cyclicity problems. We start by giving a deeper and more exhaustive description of the center and cyclicity problems, together with a brief introduction to the main tools about polynomial ideals and some classical techniques for classifying centers, such as symmetries or Darboux Integrability Theory. We proceed then to a more detailed analysis on Lyapunov constants, by showing methods to compute them and how these calculations can be computationally implemented, stressing the importance of parallelization in the used techniques. Later, we deal with the center and cyclicity problems for some families of differential equations in the plane. We also collect a series of advances in the computation of Lyapunov constants and the determination of their structure. In the last section of Chapter 1 we study the Hopf-bifurcation in 3-dimensional polynomial vector fields, with the objective to find the highest possible number of limit cycles for different degrees. The used techniques have enabled to find 11 limit cycles for quadratic systems, 31 for cubic systems, 54 for quartic systems, and 92 for quintic systems, which to the best of our knowledge are the highest numbers found so far. The second chapter is devoted to the study of isochronicity and criticality. We start by defining both concepts in more detail, working on the notions of period function and critical periods. Then, the equivalence between isochronicity and linearizability is introduced, together with other tools to study isochronicity which are the Lie bracket and commuting transversal systems as well as the computation of period constants. The next section in Chapter 2 aims to find the maximum number of critical periods which unfold from low degree n planar polynomial centers when perturbing reversible holomorphic isochronous centers inside the reversible class. We prove that 6 critical periods are seen for the cubic case, 10 for the quartic case, (n^2+n-2)/2 for n between 5 and 9 (both included), and (n^2+n-4)/2 for n between 10 and 16 (both included). The final section of this chapter introduces the idea of using an equivalent of Melnikov functions for the bifurcation of critical periods instead of limit cycles. This allows to obtain 10, 22, 37, 57, 80, 106, and 136 critical periods for n = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16, respectively. We also classify some isochronous centers throughout this section. The last chapter presents a new problem that, to the best of our knowledge, has never been considered before. This problem consists on simultaneously studying the bifurcation of limit cycles and critical periods for a system of differential equations in the plane, obtaining a value (k,l) which means that k limit cycles and l critical periods can simulteneously unfold. In this line, we will define the term bi-weakness [k,l] as a concept for the degree of the first nonzero coefficients in the return map k and the period function l at the same time, being both the center and isochronicity properties not kept. We study the bi-weakness for different classical families, and we give a complete classification of the simultaneous cyclicity and criticality for the cubic Liénard system. We also show the isochronicity for some Liénard families in this part.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Matemàtiques
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30

Canet, i. Miquel Carles. "Dipòsits sedimentàrio-exhalatius del Paleozoic del SW dels Catalànides: model de dipòsit." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667072.

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Se ha realizado una investigación de los depósitos de tipo sedex que se encuentran en las series paleozoicas del SW de los Catalánides (España). Los principales depósitos están encajadas en pizarras negras llandoverienses del Bosc de Poblet, y en las series carboníferas del Priorat. Para cada depósito o grupo de depósitos de ha realizado una caracterización detallada, a nivel estructura, mineralógico, geoquímico e isotópico, y microtermométrico (inclusiones fluidas). La mayoría de depósitos consisten en tramos de sulfuros masivos alternando con tramos de niveles feldespáticos criptocristalinos. Se han identificado asociaciones ricas en Cr-V y en plationoides, concretamente para los depósitos de edad silúrica. El resultado de los estudios siotópicos de Pb y Sm-Nd confirman el carácter singenético de las mineralizaciones. La mineralización se atribuye a una actividad hidrotermal submarina, para los distintos depósitos. En el caso de los de edad silúrica, esta actividad tuvo lugar en una cuenca euxínica lo cual favoreció la acumulación de numerosos elementos (V-Cr-U), en una posición distal respecta a las zonas de alimentación. La deposición en la cuanca carbonífera fue en una posición relativamente mas proximal, y el fluido mineralizante era agua marina que circulaba convectivamente en el seno de la cuenca. Se ha atribuido un origen exhalativo para explicar la génesis de los niveles feldespáticos. Se considera la posibilidad de que estos se hubieran formado en la pluma hidrotermal, por interacción entre componentes hidrotermales y agua marina.
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31

Rojas, Pérez David. "Analytical tools to study the criticality at the outer boundary of potential centers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392713.

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El principal interès d’aquesta memòria pertany al marc de la teoria qualitativa d’equacions diferencials. El nostre objecte d’estudi són famílies de sistemes de centres al pla. Introduïm les nocions d’òrbita periòdica crítica i criticalitat, que són les nocions homòlogues a cicle límit i ciclicitat en el marc del Problema setzè de Hilbert, respectivament. El nostre interès és estudiar la bifurcació d’òrbites periòdiques crítiques des de la frontera exterior de l’anell de períodes. D’acord amb la noció de criticalitat, estudiem el nombre d’òrbites periòdiques crítiques d’un centre continu que poden emergir o desaparèixer des de la frontera exterior quan movem el paràmetre. Més concretament, treballem amb famílies contínues de sistemes potencials analítics al pla. Les eines que desenvolupem permeten abordar el problema en les dues següents situacions: o bé l’energia de la frontera exterior és infinita o bé és finita, per tots els paràmetres en consideració. En aquestes situacions, donem condicions suficients per tal que la criticalitat a la frontera exterior de l’anell de períodes sigui menor o igual que n. La principal idea en ambdós casos és trobar funcions analítiques que satisfan que podem incloure la derivada de la funció de període en un sistema ECT. Això implica en particular que la derivada de la funció de període té com a molt n zeros prop de la frontera exterior i, en conseqüència, la criticalitat està acotada per n. En relació amb això, dediquem el Capítol 1 al desenvolupament de eines analítiques per abordar el problema. Les tècniques en aquest capítol tracten amb el comportament asimptòtic a l’infinit d’una funció Wronskià. Al Capítol 2 desenvolupem els criteris abans mencionats. Finalment, el nostre camp de proves és la família dos-paramètrica de sistemes potencials donada per \dot{x}=-y, \dot{y}=(1+x)^p-(1+x)^q. La funció de període d’aquesta família va ser estudiada prèviament per Miyamoto i Yagasaki, que van provar que la funció és monòtona quan q=1 i p>;1. Al Capítol 3 millorem aquest resultat juntament amb altres resultats sobre la bifurcació d’òrbites periòdiques crítiques des del centre, des de l’interior quan pertorbem centres isòcrons, i des de la frontera exterior de l’anell de períodes. La combinació de tots aquests resultats ens permeten proposar una conjectura sobre el diagrama de bifurcació sobre el comportament global de la funció de període del sistema que considerem.<br>The main interest of this memoir is contained in the framework of the qualitative theory of differential equations. Our objects of study are families of systems of centers in the plane. We introduce the notions of critical periodic orbit and criticality, which are the counterparts of the notions of limit cycle and cyclicity in the framework of the Hilbert’s sixteenth problem, respectively. Our main interest in this memoir is to study the bifurcation of critical periodic orbits from the outer boundary of the period annulus. According with the notion of criticality, we shall study the number of critical periodic orbits of a continuous center that can emerge or disappear from the outer boundary of the period annulus as we move slightly the parameter. More concretely, we are concerned with continuous families of planar analytic potential systems that have a non-degenerated center at the origin. The tools we develop allow to tackle the problem in the following two situations: either the energy at the outer boundary is infinite or finite for all the parameters. In these situations, we give sufficient conditions in order that the criticality at the outer boundary of the period annulus is less or equal than n. The main idea in both cases is to find some analytic functions verifying that we can embed the derivative of the period function into an ECT-system. This implies in particular that the derivative of the period function has at most n zeros near the energy at the outer boundary and, accordingly, the criticality is bounded by n. In this regard we dedicate Chapter 1 to the development of some analytic tools with this aim in view. The techniques developed in this chapter are concerned with the asymptotic behaviour at infinity of a Wronskian function. In Chapter 2 we develop the criteria introduced above. Finally, our testing ground in this memoir is the two-parametric family of potential differential systems given by \dot{x}=-y, \dot{y}=(1+x)^p-(1+x)^q. The period function associated to the system above was previously studied by Miyamoto and Yagasaki, who prove that the period function is monotonous when q=1 and p>1. In Chapter 3 we improve this result together with some other results concerning the bifurcation of critical periodic orbits from the center, from the interior when we perturb isochronous centers, and from the outer boundary of the period annulus. The combination of all these results will lead us to propose a conjectural bifurcation diagram for the global behaviour of the period function of the system under consideration.
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Pérez, de la Fuente Ricardo. "Paleobiología de los artrópodos del ámbar cretácico de El Soplao (Cantabria, España) = Arthropod paleobiology of the cretaceous amber from El Soplao (Cantabria, Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132691.

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El yacimiento de ámbar de El Soplao (Rábago, Cantabria), de edad Cretácico Inferior (hace unos 110 millones de años), ha proporcionado a día de hoy más de 500 bioinclusiones de artrópodos. El estudio morfológico y sistemático de los artrópodos del ámbar de El Soplao se ha centrado en rafidiópteros, neurópteros y algunos grupos de dípteros, himenópteros y arañas, y ha permitido realizar inferencias paleoecológicas, paleobiogeográficas y paleoetológicas. Estos datos han complementado los datos geológicos y otros datos paleontológicos (como los paleobotánicos), que, en suma, han conducido a una reconstrucción paleoambiental. La presente Tesis Doctoral se basa en un total de once artículos. Las plantas productoras de resina que dieron origen al ámbar de El Soplao, coníferas pertenecientes al menos a la familia extinta Cheirolepidiaceae y a otro grupo diferente por determinar, se desarrollarían cerca de la costa marina. Los incendios, como parte integrante de la dinámica del ecosistema, tuvieron un papel determinante en la producción y posterior acumulación de resina que dio lugar al yacimiento, provocando la secreción traumática de resina (en la que los insectos barrenadores de madera pudieron haber colaborado) y eliminando la cobertura vegetal del suelo del bosque. Ello facilitó que el agua de escorrentía erosionara el suelo y movilizara la resina depositada primariamente. Esta resina sufrió un corto transporte y se depositó de un modo paraauctóctono en las áreas de enterramiento definitivo, al no existir indicios de reelaboración ni retrabajamiento del ámbar. Estas áreas donde la resina quedó enterrada y fosilizó corresponden a ambientes de marjal costero o de estuario asociado a una llanura deltaica. Algunas masas de resina presentaron un largo periodo de exposición en las aguas salobres o marinas antes de enterrarse. Pese a hallarse en una fase de estudio inicial, la diversidad identificada de artrópodos en el ámbar de El Soplao es elevada, y en algunas casos ha brindado el registro más antiguo conocido de ciertos taxones. En un total de 549 inclusiones de artrópodos catalogadas, se han determinado 13 órdenes de hexápodos repartidos en unas 40 familias, cuatro órdenes de arácnidos y uno de crustáceos. La paleofauna de artrópodos de El Soplao muestra una serie de singularidades, tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas, en comparación con el resto de paleofaunas conocidas de los ámbares cretácicos. Estas singularidades paleofaunísticas tanto a nivel cuantitativo como cualitativo en el ámbar de El Soplao, aparte de los factores tafonómicos y teniendo además en cuenta los hallazgos anteriores en el ámbar de Peñacerrada I, podrían reflejar un cierto carácter endémico de los ecosistemas ibéricos durante el Albiense debido a la insularidad que la Placa Ibérica adquirió en el Jurásico Inferior. Existen tres especies de insectos comunes a los ámbares de El Soplao y Peñacerrada I (= Moraza). Ello sugiere una edad muy similar para ambos yacimientos de la Cuenca Vasco‐Cantábrica. Además, se han advertido ciertas similitudes entre las paleofaunas del ámbar de España (El Soplao y Peñacerrada I) (Albiense) y las del ámbar del Líbano (Barremiense‐ Aptiense), aunque se hallen espaciadas en el tiempo por varios millones de años. No obstante, es necesario aumentar las colecciones de los ámbares españoles para dar mayor fundamento a estas observaciones, así como revisar las dataciones del ámbar del Líbano. La elevada proporción de sininclusiones y muestras que brindan información paleoetológica o acerca de interacciones paleobióticas, tanto intraespecíficas como interespecíficas, dan al ámbar de El Soplao un elevado valor paleoecológico. Existen casos de posible enjambramiento, de cópula, de camuflage/defensa, de relación planta‐insecto, de parasitismo, de posible hematofagia y de posible relación depredador‐presa.<br>The El Soplao amber outcrop (Rábago, Cantabria, Northern Spain), Early Cretaceous in age (about 110 Mya), has currently provided more than 500 arthropod inclusions. This PhD dissertation aimed to achieve in‐depth knowledge of the paleobiology associated with the arthropods from the El Soplao amber outcrop, allowing for a preliminary comparison with primary Cretaceous amber outcrops. This was possible only after a thorough systematic treatment of El Soplao arthropod inclusions that inferred their paleoautoecological, paleobiogeographical and paleoethological contexts to, ultimately, glean a holistic understanding of the paleoenvironmental setting. The resin‐producing plants responsible for El Soplao amber are conifers belonging to the extinct family Cheirolepidiaceae and, at least, another unknown conifer group. These trees would have lived close to the paleo‐coastline. Paleofires played a leading role in the production and accumulation of resin. The areas where the resin was buried and fossilized correspond to marshy or delta‐estuarine environments. Some resin pieces had a long exposure time to marine or brackish waters before being buried. Identified arthropod diversity is high, and the outcrop has provided the oldest known records for certain taxa. Thirteen hexapod orders (composed by about 40 families), four arachnid orders, and one crustacean order have been determined. The arthropod fauna from El Soplao is quantitatively and qualitatively singular when compared to faunas from other known Cretaceous ambers. Three insect species occur in both the El Soplao and Peñacerrada I (=Moraza) outcrops. The shared species between these two Basque‐Cantabrian Basin outcrops suggest they are similar in age. Moreover, similarities have been noted between the paleofauna from the Spanish amber outcrops (El Soplao and Peñacerrada I) (Albian) and the paleofauna from Lebanon (Barremian‐Aptian), despite these outcrops are separated in time by several million years. El Soplao amber is valuable in the abundance of syninclusions and samples that provide information about paleoethology and paleobiotic interactions. There are instances of possible swarming, mating, camouflage/defense, plant‐insect relationship, parasitism, possible hematophagy and possible predator‐prey relationship. An expanded English summary is provided at the end of the dissertation.
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Maranhão, Dariel Mazzoni. "Estudo topológico de órbitas periódicas no circuito experimental de Chua." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-24032007-174511/.

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Estudamos o comportamento dinâmico de séries temporais experimentais obtidas de um circuito de Chua quando dois parâmetros de controle, $Delta R_1$ e $Delta R_2$, são variados.Investigamos os comportamentos caótico e periódico, analisando as séries temporais ao redor e no interior de duas janelas periódicas presentes no espaço de parâmetros $(Delta R_1,Delta R_2)$ do circuito. Na vizinhança da janela de período três, analisamos como a dinâmica simbólica se altera quando construída em diferentes seções de Poincaré de um mesmo atrator, e investigamos a dimensão dos mapas de retorno, uni ou bidimensional, para diferentes atratores caóticos presentes nessa região do espaço de parâmetros. Ainda nessa vizinhança, empregamos técnicas de caracterização topológica para confirmar a existência de fibras caóticas, que são curvas de codimensão um no espaço de parâmetros onde as propriedades caóticas dos atratores são preservadas.Ao redor da janela de período quatro, investigamos a transição entre os três comportamentos caóticos para os quais construímos os respectivos moldes topológicos. Propusemos também um molde topológico para o regime caótico após a crise por fusão ocorrer no circuito. Finalizando, investigamos as bifurcações e a estrutura topológica das órbitas periódicas que formam as janelas de período três e de período quatro, construindo um espaço de parâmetros topológico, baseado em um mapa bi-modal, para descrever as duas janela periódicas.<br>We have studied the dynamical behavior of experimental time series obtained from a Chua's circuit by variation of two parameter control, $Delta R_1$ and $Delta R_2$. We investigated the chaotic and periodic behaviors of the circuit, analyzing temporal series around and inside of two periodic windows in the two-parameter space $(Delta R_1,Delta R_2)$. In the period-three window neighborhood, we analyzed how the symbolic dynamics changes when it is built by different Poincaré sections of an attractor, and we studied the dimension of return map, one- or two-dimensional, for many chaotic attractors in this region of the parameter space. In this neighborhood, we also applied topological techniques to confirm the existence of chaotic fibers: codimension one curves where the chaotic properties of the attractors remain unchanged in the two-parameter space.Around the period-four window, we investigated, by template analysis, the transition between three chaotic attractors found in the Chua's circuit. We proposed a template for chaotic regime of the circuit after merge-crisis. Finally, we investigated the bifurcations and topological structure of periodic orbits in period-three and period-four windows and also proposed a topological parameter space, based in a bimodal map model, that describe these two periodic windows.
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Vicente, Rodríguez Alba. "Els caròfits del límit Cretaci−Paleogen a les conques sud-pirinenques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/436897.

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Els objectius d’aquesta tesi se centren en la caracterització taxonòmica, paleoecològica, paleobiogeogràfica i biostratigràfica dels caròfits de les fàcies fluvials del trànsit Cretaci–Paleogen (K/Pg) de les conques sud-pirinenques. La flora de caròfits reconeguda està constituïda principalment per les fructificacions de Peckichara cancellata, P. sertulata, P. llobregatensis, P. toscarensis, Microchara cristata, M. punctata, M. laevigata, Platychara compressa, Dughiella bacillaris, D. obtusa, Lychnothamnus aff. curryi, L. begudianus, Clavator brachycerus, C. ultimus i Feistiella malladae. S’han pogut descriure 3 espècies noves, Peckichara serrata, P. radians i Microchara nana, una varietat nova, Peckichara sertulata var. ianii i s’ha proposat una nova combinació, Platychara mucronata. També s’han reconegut els tal·lus Charaxis, Clavatoraxis i Munieria grambastii. Per a totes les espècies, s’ha caracteritzat el seu polimorfisme intraespecífic, analitzant i comparant biomètricament les poblacions. Els resultats taxonòmics obtinguts han tingut importants implicacions evolutives i biogeogràfiques que s’han tingut en compte a l’hora de presentar una nova biozonació per caracteritzar el límit K/Pg a partir dels caròfits. Els paleoambients aquàtics rics en caròfits van variar durant el Maastrichtià de llacs permanents, salabrosos i d’aigua dolça, a petites basses temporals desenvolupades dins de l’esplanada d’inundació fluvial. Aquest canvi donà lloc a una clara especialització dels herbeis de caròfits i afectà l a seva evolució. Des del punt de vista paleoambiental s’han pogut reconèixer (1) llacs salabrosos dominats per Feistiella malladae (restringida a aquests ambients) junt amb caràcies tolerants, principalment dels gèneres Platychara (p. ex. P. mucronata) i Peckichara (p. ex. P. sertulata); (2) llacs i aiguamolls d’aigua dolça permanents i sovint litorals, amb abundants caràcies i clavatoràcies (p. ex. Clavator brachycerus, Peckichara cancellata, P. sertulata, P. serrata, P. radians, Microchara cristata entre d’altres); (3) basses temporals d’esplanada d’inundació, ocupades per espècies de caràcies amb girogonits de mida molt petita (Microchara nana i M. punctata) i per últim (4) basses fluvials, sovint associades a rius meandriformes, dominades per clavatoràcies junt amb caràcies tolerants a aquests medis més terrigènics i energètics (P. sertulata, P. llobregatensis, Platychara sp., M. cristata, M. nana i M. punctata). Algunes de les espècies descrites a l’illa Ibero-Armoricana tenen rangs de distribució cosmopolites (p. ex. Feistiella malladae) o sub-cosmopolites a Euràsia (p. ex. Microchara cristata), especialment aquelles amb poques restriccions paleoecològiques. No obstant la majoria d’espècies són aparentment endèmiques d’aquesta illa i algunes presenten importants restriccions paleoecològiques, especialment en fàcies fluvials i d’esplanada d’inundació fluvial. La distribució d’espècies en les basses temporals d’esplanada d’inundació ha estat estudiada amb més detall atesa l’abundància d’aquestes fàcies durant el Cretaci Superior i el Paleocè del Pirineu. Aquestes basses, estaven dominades per caràcies amb girogonits de mida molt petita, principalment del gènere Microchara, probablement com a resposta a un cicle biològic curt que implicava un creixement limitat dels girogonits, tal com han demostrat els experiments duts a terme en els camps experimentals de la UB a partir de representats actuals del gènere Chara. Des del punt de vista macroevolutiu, s’han descrit varis llinatges evolutius gradualístes, corresponents a espècies evolutives. En destaca el llinatge de Peckichara pectinata (P. pectinata, P. cancellata, P. serrata i P. radians) i el llinatge de Peckichara sertulata (P. sertulata var. ianii, P. sertulata s.s i P. toscarensis), tot i que també s’han pogut reconèixer aquestes tendències en Peckichara llobregatensis. Les comparacions biomètriques i ornamentals dels diferents estadis d’aquests llinatges han mostrat que existiren dues tendències evolutives oposades, una d’elles marcada per un increment en la complexitat de la ornamentació i per la reducció de la mida dels girogonits a mesura que el sistema fluvial s’instaurà i els ambients lacustres permanents desaparegueren, mentre que la tendència oposada es manifestà com un increment de la mida dels girogonits sense canviar la seva ornamentació. L’ús dels llinatges evolutius en comptes de les espècies tradicionals mostra que poques espècies de caràcies es van extingir en el límit K/Pg. A més l'extinció tant de les porocaràcies com de les clavatoràcies es documenta poc després del límit, ja en el danià inferior. D'acord amb aquestes dades l'extinció dels caròfits al límit K/Pg no va ser una crisi important dins el grup, al contrari del que s'havia postulat fins ara. En conseqüència amb totes les dades obtingudes s’ha proposat una nova biozonació de caròfits que resol els punts febles de la biozonació europea vigent fins ara i desenvolupada per Feist a Riveline et al. (1996). La nova proposta, inclou dues biozones i una subzona per al Maastrichtià i dues biozones per al Paleocè. Aquesta biozonació està formada per biozones de rang parcial acompanyades d'associacions característiques. Les espècies-índex de biozona s’han seleccionat entre les que mostren menys condicionants paleoecològics i les biozones a més, s’han calibrat amb l’escala temporal de la polaritat global a partir de dades magnetostratigràfiques d’altres autors, establertes a les conques de Vallcebre i Àger.
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35

Chaves, Beltrán Andrés. "La teoría de conjuntos en el periodo Entreguerras: la internacionalización de la matemática polaca a través de Fundamenta Mathematicae y Sierpínski." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285109.

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En esta tesis se abordan algunos aspectos del desarrollo histórico de la teoría de conjuntos desde su nacimiento en la década de 1870 hasta el inicio de la Segunda Guerra Mundial en 1939, enfatizando en el periodo 1920-1939 concretamente en Varsovia, en la revista Fundamenta Mathematicae y en la obra del matemático Waclaw Sierpinski. En este sentido, se hace un estudio histórico de la teoría de conjuntos en la escuela de Varsovia en el periodo Entreguerras, estudiando los aspectos que se conjugaron para que la comunidad matemática en Polonia adquiriera una posición de reconocimiento a nivel internacional. Entre estos aspectos están el surgimiento de la revista Fundamenta Mathematicae como órgano de difusi ón de los matemáticos de la escuela de Varsovia, la cual se especializó en teoría de conjuntos y ramas afines a ésta, también se estudia la obra de Sierpi nski en relación a la teoría de conjuntos.<br>In this thesis some aspects of the historical development of set theory are tackled, since its birth in the 1870s until the beginning of the second World war in 1939, making stress in Varsovia, in the period from 1920 to 1939, in the journal Fundamenta Mathematicae and in the Sierpi´nski’s work. In this sense, a historical study of set theory in the Varsovia’s school during the interwar period is made, assessing the facts that brought the mathematical community in Poland to acquire international recognition. Between them, the birth of the journal Fundamenta Mathematicae as an entity for spreading the work of mathematicians of the Varsovia’s school, which become expert in set theory and similar branchs. It is also studied the Sierpinski’s work in regard to set theory.
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Gadelha, Ruth Gomes de Figueiredo. "Eficiência da microalga Spirulina platensis na alimentação do comarão Litopenaeus vannamei." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4058.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2700289 bytes, checksum: 3ce6dace6dd9e56c5d2e89144a1d467b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-26<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>Aquaculture has become one of the activities that most expands globally, with shrimp L. van-namei contributed to the breakthrough and growth of shrimp farming, especially in the North-east in Brazil. Feeding shrimp is one of the main aspects to be considered in its cultivation, representing costs up to 60% in production, it is important to use new alternatives that mini-mize the costs of fishmeal and pressure on fish stocks already limited. Was evaluated in three experiments, the phases of post-larvae and fattening marine shrimp in intensive system, the use of Spirulina platensis as a protein source in replacement of fishmeal and supplementation in artificial diets. In the first experiment, post-larvae of Litopenaeus vannamei (0.74 g) were fed exclusively on S. platensis in liquid form and concentrate, in the second experiment was also used post-larvae with the same initial weight, however the S. platensis in lyophilized form was added to experimental diets isoproteic (40%) and isoenergetic (3,200 kcal), with different levels of protein replacement of fishmeal by S. platensis (0, 25, 50 and 100%), both for a period of 30 days, and assessing the productive performance of prawns. In the third ex-periment, we used juvenile shrimp (1.42 g) for 45 days diets containing different proportions of S. platensis lyophilized (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%), and also isoenergetic and isopro-teic (35% crude protein and 3.400Kcal), also evaluating the performance and proximate com-position of the muscle of the shrimp. In all experiments we used a control diet for comparison, being provided ad libitum. Were also evaluated in all experiments the physical and chemical variables of water considered of major importance in the cultivation (pH, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen). The experiments were conducted at the Center for Research and Pro-cessing food -UFPB, with a completely randomized design with different replicates in each, using a system of rectangular tanks with a capacity of 30 liters and aeration still, filled with sea water mixed with drinking water (no chlorine) to obtain the desired salinity. The physical and chemical parameters of the water remained within the limits acceptable to the develop-ment of Litopenaeus vannamei at all stages of creation in the experiments, showing no signif-icant differences between the different treatments. The results, we observed a higher efficien-cy in productive performance of shrimp fed with S. platensis in all experiments, showing bet-ter growth rates with elevated survival in the reduction of fish meal by up to 25%, demonstrat-ing a better amino acid profile with supplementation of 40% in diets for shrimp, providing better results in protein and lipid composition in muscle tissue of shrimp without compromis-ing the level of cholesterol, demonstrating the influence of diet on the fatty acid profile in nutritional quality for human consumption.<br>A aquicultura tem se tornado uma das atividades que mais se expande mundialmente, tendo o camarão L. vannamei contribuído para o grande avanço e crescimento da carcinicultura, prin-cipalmente na região Nordeste no Brasil. A alimentação do camarão constitui um dos princi-pais aspectos a ser considerado na sua criação, representando custos de até 60% na produção, sendo importante a utilização de novas alternativas que minimizem a os custos com a farinha de peixe e a pressão sobre os estoques pesqueiros já limitados. Foi avaliado em três experi-mentos, nas fases de pós-larvas e de engorda do camarão marinho em sistema intensivo, o uso da microalga Spirulina platensis como fonte proteica, na substituição da farinha de peixe e na suplementação em dietas artificiais. No primeiro experimento, pós-larvas do Litopenaeus vannamei (0,74g) foram alimentadas exclusivamente com S. platensis na forma liquida e ra-ção comercial; no segundo experimento utilizou-se também pós-larvas com o mesmo peso inicial, entretanto a S. platensis na forma liofilizada foi adicionada em dietas experimentais isoproteicas (40%) e isoenergeticas (3.200 Kcal), com diferentes níveis de substituição da proteína da farinha de peixe pela S. platensis (0, 25, 50 e 100%), ambos por um período de 30 dias, e avaliando o desempenho produtivo dos camarões. No terceiro experimento, foi utiliza-do camarões juvenis (1,42g) durante 45 dias com dietas formuladas com diferentes propor-ções da S. platensis liofilizada (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% e 40%), sendo também isoproteicas e isoenergeticas (35% Proteína bruta e 3.400Kcal), avaliando também o desempenho zootécni-co e a composição centesimal do músculo do camarão. Em todos os experimentos utilizou-se uma ração controle para a comparação, sendo fornecidas ad libitum. As variáveis físicas e químicas da água foram avaliadas sendo consideradas de maior importância no cultivo (pH, temperatura, salinidade e oxigênio dissolvido). Os experimentos foram realizados no Núcleo de Pesquisa e Processamento de Alimentos-UFPB, com um delineamento casualizado apre-sentando diferentes repetições em cada um, utilizando um sistema de aquários retangulares com capacidade para 30 litros e aeração continua, abastecidos com água do mar misturada a água potável (sem cloro) até a obtenção da salinidade desejada. Os parâmetros físicos e quí-micos da água se mantiveram entre os limites aceitáveis para o desenvolvimento do Litope-naeus vannamei em todas as fases de criação nos experimentos, não apresentando diferenças significativas entre os diferentes tratamentos. Nos resultados obtidos, foi observada uma mai-or eficiência no desempenho produtivo dos camarões alimentados com a S. platensis em todos os experimentos, mostrando melhores taxas de crescimento com elevada sobrevivência na redução da farinha de peixe em até 25%, demonstrando um melhor perfil de aminoácidos com a suplementação de 40% nas rações para o camarão, proporcionando melhores resultados na composição proteína e lipídica no tecido muscular do camarão sem comprometer o teor de colesterol, demonstrando a influência da dieta no perfil de ácidos graxos na qualidade nutrici-onal para o consumo humano.
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Peris, Cerdán David. "Paleobiología de los escarabajos (Insecta: Coleoptera) de los ámbares cretácicos del oeste europeo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396602.

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Los coleópteros son en la actualidad el grupo biológico con mayor biodiversidad de la Tierra. Se conocen coleópteros fósiles desde el Pérmico, pero conservados en ámbar solo desde el Cretácico inferior. Este tipo de fosilización, en contraste con otros, permite realizar estudios anatómicos y evolutivos muy detallados. Son pocas las áreas del mundo donde existen yacimientos de ámbar mesozoico con abundantes bioinclusiones. Entre ellas, los yacimientos de España (Albiense) y Francia (Albiense–Santoniense) destacan por ser los más antiguos con alta paleobiodiversidad por detrás del Líbano (Barremiense). Se ha realizado por primera vez el estudio de la asociación de coleópteros de los ámbares cretácicos del oeste europeo, la cual cuenta con 214 ejemplares (149 en España y 65 en Francia). Se han identificado 41 familias diferentes, 30 en España y 16 en Francia. El estudio muestra que 13 de las familias identificadas cuentan en estos ámbares con sus representantes más antiguos conocidos; en algunos casos son los únicos registros para todo el Mesozoico o incluso de todo el registro fósil conocido. La mayoría de familias identificadas mantienen en la actualidad un estilo de vida saproxílico. Por lo tanto, este grupo no pudo influir en la liberación de grandes cantidades de resina en los bosques de gimnospermas del Cretácico, tal como se había defendido hasta el momento. Esta liberación tubo que estar influenciada por otras causas, como paleoincendios; la presencia de cenizas dentro del ámbar y en el sedimento, así como de restos vegetales fusinizados asociados al ámbar, demuestran que el medio forestal estaba afectado por incendios recurrentes. Del total de familias identificadas en España y en Francia, solo cinco están presentes en ambas áreas. Este hecho resulta sorprendente atendiendo a la cercanía tanto paleogeográfica como temporal entre dichas áreas. El aislamiento paleogeográfico de la placa ibérica durante gran parte del Mesozoico, lo cual pudo favorecer una elevada tasa de endemismos, algún sesgo tafonómico o de muestreo y/o características paleobotánicas o paleoambientales que pudieron ser diferentes a nivel regional, son diferentes ideas que se describen como explicación para este fenómeno. Algunas de las familias de coleópteros identificadas en estos ámbares pueden actuar como polinizadores de flores en la actualidad. El estudio de estos grupos de coleópteros está ayudando a desentrañar cuestiones de gran importancia sobre el origen y diversificación de las plantas con flor.<br>Beetles are currently the greatest biological group on Earth. Fossil beetles are known from the Permian, but preserved in amber only from the Cretaceous. This type of fossilization, in contrast to other ones, allows detailed anatomical and evolutionary studies. There are few areas in the world where there are Mesozoic deposits of amber with abundant bioinclusiones. Deposits of Spain (Albian) and France (Albian-Santonian) stand out as being the oldest with high palaeobiodiversity embedded within behind deposits from Lebanon (Barremian). The association of beetles in the Cretaceous amber of Western Europe (Spain and France) has been performed for the first time, which has 214 specimens (149 in Spain and 65 in France). In the end, 41 different families, 30 in Spain and 16 in France, were identified. The study shows that 13 families have in these ambers their oldest known representatives; in some cases they are the only records for the entire Mesozoic or even the entire fossil record. Most families identified maintain currently a saproxylic life style. Therefore, this group could not influence the release of large amounts of resin in the Cretaceous forests of gymnosperms, as had been defended so far. This release was influenced by other causes, such wildfires; the presence of ash within the amber and sediments, as well as fusinized plant remains associated with amber, show that the forest environment was affected by recurrent fires. Of all families identified in Spain and France, only five of them are present in both areas. This is surprising taking into account the proximity both paleogeographic and temporary between these areas. The paleogeographic isolation of the iberian plate during much part of the Mesozoic, which could favoured a high rate of endemism, some taphonomic or sampling bias and / or paleobotanical or paleoenvironmental characteristics that might be different at regional level, are different ideas described as an explanation for this phenomenon. Some of the families of beetles identified in these ambers can act today as pollinators of flowers. The study of these groups of beetles may help to understand the origin and diversification of flowering plants.
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38

Chomette, André. "Proprietes electroniques et optiques des superreseaux gaas/gaalas de petites periodes." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066146.

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39

Cabello, Gérard. "Developpement et importance physiologique de la fonction thyroidienne chez l'agneau pendant la periode perinatale." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E390.

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40

Benito, Alonso José Luis. "Flora y vegetación del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido (Sobrarbe, Pirineo aragonés). Bases científicas para su gestión sostenible." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/942.

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a) Sobre la flora. <br/><br/>La flora del Parque consta de 1394 taxones, lo que supone c. del 45% de la flora del Pirineo aragonés. Citamos por primera vez para este territorio 107 plantas, de las cuales 4 son novedad para el tramo aragonés de la cordillera: "Eleocharis austriaca", "Gentiana verna" subsp. "schleicheri", "Pilosella pintodasilvae" y "P. subtardans". Hemos localizado 32 especies que tienen en nuestro territorio su única localidad conocida en el Pirineo aragonés, además de 33 taxones que señalan en el PNOMP su límite de área. En el Parque encontramos más de la mitad de los endemismos del Pirineo (82).<br/>Si hacemos un análisis de la riqueza florística por tramos altitudinales de 100 metros, el piso montano superior destaca por su riqueza, con un 85 % de la flora. El mayor número de especies se concentra en el intervalo altitudinal 1200-1300 m, con el 60 % de las especies.<br/>Nuestra contribución corológica se resume en los siguientes datos: <br/><br/>· La cuarta parte de nuestras localidades, referenciadas a cuadrícula de 10×10 Km, son novedad para el Atlas de la Flora del Pirineo Aragonés.<br/><br/>· Aportamos 26.000 citas florísticas con detalle de un Km2.<br/> <br/>· Hemos editado 615 mapas de distribución con malla de 1 Km2, precisión cartográfica rara vez alcanzada en el Pirineo.<br/><br/>· Ampliamos los límites altitudinales para c. de 200 especies, de las que 110 tienen en el Parque su localidad pirenaica más alta. Se refuerza la idea de que la continentalidad eleva los límites altitudinales.<br/><br/>· El conjunto de picos de 3000 metros de nuestra zona reúne las 2/3 partes de la flora alpina del Pirineo.<br/><br/>b) Sobre la vegetación. <br/><br/>El Parque alberga 112 comunidades vegetales, que hemos sintetizado en 86 tablas, confeccionadas con 1300 inventarios.<br/>Hemos descrito para la ciencia 24 comunidades, repartidas en 4 asociaciones y 20 subasociaciones. <br/>Las comunidades de pastos y prados son las más diversificadas con 34; les siguen los roquedos y las gleras con 33 y los bosques con 27.<br/>Hemos ampliado y modificado el mapa de vegetación de PNOMP, incluyendo la inédita zona periférica.<br/>En nuestro territorio contabilizamos 28 hábitats de importancia comunitaria, (lo que supone el 75% de sus comunidades vegetales), de los que cuatro son prioritarios para su conservación en la UE.<br/><br/>c) Sobre el microclima. <br/><br/>Hemos demostrado instrumentalmente la presencia de inversión térmica (IT) en los valles de Ordesa, Añisclo y Pineta, lo que nos explicaría la presencia unas 60 especies en localidad abisal. Con respecto a la vegetación, la IT justificaría que las solanas de Ordesa y Pineta estén ocupadas por bosques frescos como abetales, hayedos y pinares musgosos, y que en el valle de Añisclo se produzca inversión de pisos geobotánicos.<br/>Sobre la conservación de la flora y la vegetación<br/>Hemos elaborado la lista roja de especies amenazadas del Parque, con cuatro categorías de amenaza, estudiado en profundidad 11 taxones. De ellos, consideramos prioritarios para su preservación Callitriche palustris, Corallorhiza trifida Cypripedium calceolus y Eleocharis austriaca. <br/>Hemos identificado las áreas del Parque que pueden presentar más problemas de cara a la conservación vegetal debido a la frecuentación turística intensa, y damos algunas pautas de gestión.<br/>Entre las medidas que planteamos figura la ampliación del Parque por varios puntos, especialmente en el valle de Pineta, para proteger varios elementos de su flora y vegetación que son muy raros o están amenazados.<br/>Se deberían crear microrreservas para preservar todos los hábitats de zonas húmedas del Parque (algunos prioritarios para la UE), los más frágiles y singulares, con varias especies raras y amenazadas.<br/>También proponemos potenciar las actividades agroganaderas extensivas para conservar ciertas comunidades vegetales (pastos y prados de siega).<br><i>"Flora and Plant Communities of the National Park of Ordesa and Monte Perdido (Sobrarbe, Spanish Central Pyrenees). Scientific Bases for Its Sustainable Management"<br/><br/>This work in structured in five chapters: <br/>1. INTRODUCTION. We began with a review of the botanical antecedents, delimits the study area, we make an introduction to geology, the climate (with special incidence to the study of the microclimate of valleys and the thermal investment), the history of this territory, also the influence is approached that has had the different uses that the man has done. <br/>2. VASCULAR PLANTS CATALOGUE. Is a critical relation, ordered and exhaustive of near 1400 taxa of the vascular flora present in the National Park, with synonymy, relation of localities, altitudinal rank, corology, 615 maps of distribution with grid UTM of a square kilometer, ecological and fitosociologycal commentary, degree of abundance and figures of legal protection. In the end, diverse floristics syntheses are made. <br/>3. PLANT COMMUNITIES. A critical, exhaustive and ordered description becomes, with fitosociological classification, of the 112 present plant communities. Of each one is commented the synonymy comments, ecology, floristic composition, spectrum biological and corological, distribution, variability, sintaxonomy, figures of legal protection, its inclusion in some habitat of communitarian importance, all of them reunited in 1300 releves synthesized in 86 tables. 24 new plant communities have described for first time for science. In the end, a synthesis is made of the plant communities, the habitats of european importance and the sintaxonomical scheme. <br/>4. VEGETAL LANDSCAPE. It is come to the description of the vegetation by units of landscape, as much by altitudinal floors as by fisiografics units, taking in consideration ecological dynamics and the distribution. We contributed to a map of present vegetation of the Park and its peripheral zone on 1:40.000 scale. <br/>5. CONSERVATION. An analysis of 11 threatened plant species is made. For each one a diagnosis becomes, contributes its legal situation, its distribution with hight precision, its ecology, census, and recommendations for their preservative management occur. Also 12 sensible areas to the pressure of the tourism or special botanical interest are analyzed, where we identified impacts, and we propose actions to diminish the impacts and global measures of management, between which the extension of he himself by diverse areas is included. </I>
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41

Sánchez, García Alba. "Paleobiología de los artrópodos edáficos y acuáticos del ámbar del Cretácico Inferior de España." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461597.

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El objetivo principal de la Tesis realizada ha consistido en el conocimiento de la fauna de organismos edáficos y acuáticos preservados como bioinclusiones en ámbar español de los yacimientos albienses de Peñacerrada I y I , San Just y El Soplao, aunque se han tratado secundariamente otros registros extranjeros. El hallazgo de estos grupos es excepcional por su rareza en el registro fósil, y su estudio ha permitido avanzar en el conocimiento de la composición, diversidad y ecología de los paleoecosistemas terrestres del Cretácico Inferior de la Península Ibérica. Así mismo, se ha hecho especial énfasis en el estudio de las piezas de ámbar de hojarasca “litter amber”, con origen en las emisiones de resina que alcanzaron la parte más superficial del suelo del bosque. El estudio sistemático de los artrópodos relacionados con ambientes edáficos y acuáticos preservados en el ámbar de España ha mostrado una gran diversidad, y el primero también una gran disparidad. Para un total de 165 inclusiones de artrópodos catalogadas, se ha determinado un orden de arácnidos (Oribatida con cinco familias identificadas), dos de crustáceos (Tanaidacea con dos familias; e Isopoda con tres familias) y seis de hexápodos (Entomobryomorpha con una familia; Symphypleona con tres; Archaeognatha con dos; Hemiptera con dos, Coleoptera con una; y un Isoptera clasificado en el grado “Meiatermes”). Muchas de las fam lias identificadas cuentan en el ámbar de España con sus rep esentantes más antiguos conocidos. En algunos casos se ha identificado el único representante del Mesozoico y en otros los ejemplares reconocidos son los únicos en todo el registro fósil para sus respectivas familias. A pesar de que el sistema suelo/hojarasca representa un ambiente poco favorable para la fosilización de la biota, y que sus habitantes suelen ser ormas ápteras de hábitos crípticos, la abundancia documentada en el ámbar de España y el análisis tafonómico revelan que exudaciones de resina muy fluidas y copiosas llegaron al suelo del bosque y atraparon organismos diversos y restos de otro tipo que se encontraban en la superficie del suelo. Por ello, las piezas de ámbar de hojarasca constituyen una fuente de información valiosa para comprender estos ecosistemas. Todos los grupos identificados indican un ambiente muy húmedo. Esto es congruente con el escenario propuesto para los bosques cretácicos de gimnospermas de Iberia productores de resina, para los que se ha descrito una vegetación tropical/subtropical y un clima cálido y húmedo. Estos grupos debieron desempeñar un papel importante en el procesado de la materia orgánica en descomposición que se acumulaba en el suelo del bosque. El hallazgo de algunos ejemplares que muestran adaptaciones a la vida acuática (colémbolos, heterópteros y coleópteros) indica que en el bosque húmedo cretácico se desarrollaron diferentes ambientes acuáticos (tanto lóticos: ej. ríos y arroyos; como lénticos: ej. lagunas y charcas) con sus propias biocenosis. Se trata de grupos semiacuáticos que quedaron atrapados en la resina fuera del agua. La paleoetología se ha centrado principalmente en tres cuestiones: evidencias de cuidado parental, evidencias de cortejo, y evidencias de comportamientos de agregación (en dos grupos diferentes). La estabilidad en el tiempo profundo de las condiciones ecológicas generales y de los modos de vida de los organismos que habitaron la hojarasca de los suelos de los bosques explica la estasis morfológica y etológica observada en estos grupos, y también las similitudes entre los organismos estudiados en el ámbar de España y los estudiados en los ámbares cretácicos más antiguos del Líbano y menos antiguos de Francia.
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42

Bleuse, Joël. "Effets electro-optiques dans les superreseaux semiconducteurs." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066088.

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43

Garg, Rachit. "Experimental Investigation of a Closed Loop Impedance Pump with an Asymmetric Wall." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron153325523527243.

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44

Harjung, Astrid. "Impact of drought periods on carbon processing across surface-hyporheic interfaces in fluvial systems = Impacte dels períodes de sequera sobre el processat de carboni a través de la interfase superficial i zona hiporreica en sistemes fluvials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586040.

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Headwater streams essentially link the terrestrial and the aquatic carbon cycle because they transport terrestrial organic and inorganic carbon downstream towards the oceans. However, most of these inputs are processed during this journey. These processes include down-break of particulate organic matter, transformation and respiration of dissolved organic matter and furthermore, in-stream production of organic matter. In particular, during drought periods the aquatic processes gain importance because terrestrial inputs are diminished. Therefore, carbon cycling in the remaining surface and subsurface flow of the main channel is accelerated and driven by the connectivity of these compartments. As the surface flow ceases carbon processing rates along subsurface flow paths, namely the hyporheic zone, increase. In the light of climate change, longer drought periods, including in currently humid areas, are expected. Within this context, this thesis aims to understand carbon processing across the surface-hyporheic interface of a Mediterranean intermittent stream during a summer drought. Since dissolved organic matter represents the key energy source of aquatic metabolism that ultimately determine in-stream carbon cycling, we focused on the organic matter quantity and quality. We found increasing retention rates of dissolved organic matter along hyporheic flowpaths as water residence time in this compartment increases with the ceasing of surface flow. The evaluation of optical indices of dissolved organic matter quality revealed that the molecular weight decreased and indices related to biological activity increased. Furthermore, we showed that dissolved organic matter from primary production is rapidly respired in the remaining surface water, while humic-like compounds are processed and respired in the hyporheic zone. The dissolved organic matter processing in the hyporheic zone was paralleled with observations of disproportional high partial pressure of CO2 in the interstitial pore water. These CO2 pulses were related to the desiccation of the streambed, as well as dissolved organic matter availability. Our results suggested that the hyporheic zone acts as a humid refuge for microbial activity and that respiration activity immediately restarts when rain events reestablish subsurface flow paths. Associated with this microbial activity, during drought the processing rates of dissolved organic matter, as well as the processing rates of inorganic nutrients were enhanced. Moreover, we explored the effects of a summer drought on subalpine streams by applying different discharge levels in stream-side flumes fed by the water of a subalpine stream. In this experiment, we found high dissolved organic carbon release from in-stream processes in the flumes with the lowest discharges. This dissolved organic carbon release was at the beginning paralleled with a transient increase in gross primary production but continued to rise even when primary production collapsed. While the collapse of primary production might be a consequence of phosphor limitation, respiration and degradation of dissolved and particulate organic matter in the sediment continued throughout. In line with our findings from the Mediterranean stream, this mesocosm experiment highlighted the importance of the hyporheic zone and organic matter stored therein for carbon processing during drought periods. In both study sites, the surface water metabolism was ultimately dominated by respiration, and dissolved organic matter quality of the surface water played an important role on processes in the hyporheic zone. Although the investigated study sites were different in many aspects we found surprising similarities in carbon processing with flow reduction. This suggests that findings from Mediterranean streams might be transferable to other climatic regions under global change scenarios.<br>Els rius de capçalera connecten essencialment el cicle del carboni terrestre i aquàtic, donat que transporten el carboni orgànic i inorgànic terrestre aigües avall. Durant els períodes de sequera, els processos aquàtics guanyen importància perquè les aportacions terrestres es redueixen. A mesura que l’aigua de la superfície desapareix, les taxes de processament de carboni al llarg de la zona hiporreica augmenta. Atès que, la matèria orgànica dissolta és la principal font d'energia del metabolisme aquàtic que, en aquesta tesis se centra en la quantitat i la qualitat de la matèria orgànica. Hem trobat un augment de la retenció de la matèria orgànica dissolta en medi hiporreic, ja que el temps de residència de l'aigua en aquest compartiment augmenta amb el cessament de aigües superficials. L'avaluació dels índexs òptics de la qualitat de la matèria orgànica dissolta va revelar que el pes molecular es va reduir, i es van incrementar els índexs relacionats amb l'activitat biològica. Vam demostrar que la matèria orgànica dissolta de la producció primària es respira ràpidament en l'aigua superficial restant, mentre que els compostos més húmics es processen i es respiren a la zona hiporreica. Els nostres resultats suggereixen que la zona hiporreica actua com un refugi humit per a l'activitat microbiana i que l'activitat de la respiració es reinicia immediatament quan els esdeveniments de pluja restableixen el flux hyporheic. A més a més, es van explorar els efectes d'una sequera en rius de capçalera subalpins aplicant diferents nivells de caudal en mesocosms. En aquest experiment, vam trobar una elevada alliberació de carboni orgànic dissolt fruit dels processos aquàtics en els mesocosms de cabals més baixos. Al principi, aquest augment de carboni orgànic dissolt va anar acompanyat per un increment transitori de la producció primària bruta, però va continuar augmentant fins i tot quan la producció primària es va col·lapsar. En els dos llocs d'estudi, el metabolisme de l'aigua superficial va estar dominat per la respiració; i la qualitat de la matèria orgànica dissolta de l'aigua superficial va jugar un paper important en els processos de la zona hiporreica.
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45

Huichaquelén, Nemarich Carolina Alejandra. "Variabilidad del caudal medio anual durante el periodo histórico 1600 - 2000 en la cuenca del Maule, Chile. Uso de información de experimento 3.6 del CMIP5." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144283.

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Ingeniera Civil<br>Desde la era preindustrial se han observado aumentos en la concentración de gases de efecto invernadero, factor asociado directamente al cambio climático experimentado en las últimas décadas. A consecuencia de lo anterior, el Proyecto de Intercomparación de Modelos Acoplados (CMIP) se ha preocupado de promover el desarrollo de los modelos de circulación general, los cuales entregan las forzantes necesarias para calibrar un modelo hidrológico en el periodo en que existe información observada y proyectar caudales tanto hacia el futuro como el pasado. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es reconstruir el caudal medio anual durante el periodo histórico 1600 2000 en la cuenca del Maule, usando información del experimento 3.6 del CMIP5. Para ello se escogió el modelo de circulación general GISS-E2-R que incluye el experimento antes mencionado y se verificó que éste tuviese la capacidad de replicar la climatología termo-pluviométrica de la zona de estudio durante el periodo de línea base, obteniendo las series de precipitación y temperatura para el intervalo de tiempo 1600 - 2000. Se utilizaron dos modelos WEAP (MPUC y MERIDANUS), calibrados y validados en estudios anteriores a escala mensual en la cuenca del estero Las Garzas, estimándose caudales medios anuales de la temporada 1600 2000 en la subcuenca río Achibueno en La Recova, considerada representativa de la cuenca del Maule. Como resultado de este trabajo se determina la evolución de las forzantes meteorológicas (precipitación y temperatura) a nivel de cuenca en el período 1600 a 2000 y se genera la conexión con los caudales medios anuales obtenidos, determinando que estos se ven principalmente influenciados por las precipitaciones. Se estimó que el caudal máximo anual en río Achibueno en La Recova ocurrió el año 1760 con valores de 104,4 m³/s (MPUC) y 94,2 m³/s (MERIDANUS), siendo el mismo año en que se registra la precipitación máxima anual del periodo estudiado, igual a 4.228,2 mm. Por su parte, el caudal medio anual mínimo según estas simulaciones ocurrió en 1957, cuyas magnitudes son 9,4 m³/s (MPUC) y 8,3 m³/s (MERIDANUS), donde la precipitación para este año se encuentra dentro de las más bajas (280,2 mm). Del análisis cada 100 años se obtuvo que, el siglo XX presenta los valores más bajos de caudal medio anual, reflejado en su media y en los caudales medios anuales asociados a las probabilidades de excedencia de 95, 90 y 85%. El siglo con más periodos secos corresponde al XIX; sin embargo, es el que posee el mayor caudal medio de los 4 siglos analizados. Los caudales medios anuales máximos relacionados al 95 y 90% de probabilidad se habrían producido en el siglo XVII, mientras que el correspondiente al 85% varía de acuerdo al modelo utilizado, el modelo MPUC indica que éste pertenece al siglo XIX y el modelo MERIDANUS que corresponde al XVII. Asimismo se aprecia una concordancia con un estudio basado en anillos de árboles en el 2011, ya que ambas presentan una distribución similar de caudales, donde los valores altos del siglo XX se encuentran por sobre el resto del periodo y en el caso de los caudales más bajos ocurre lo opuesto. Finalmente, de 79 registros históricos asociados a sequías e inundaciones, con el modelo MPUC existen 45 coincidencias, mientras que MERIDANUS entrega mejores resultados al concordar con 53 hechos.
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46

Pardo, Guereño Iker. "Distribution and dynamics of multiple components of plant diversity in a high mountain area: the Ordesa-Monte Perdido National Park = Distribución y dinámica temporal de los diferentes componentes de la diversidad vegetal en la alta montaña: el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384840.

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The aim of this thesis was to explore the distribution of the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional components of plant diversity in high mountains, and to show how different components of diversity have responded to land-use and climate change over the last two decades. To address this aim, we used a multiple approach at different scales, by combining information from biodiversity databases and descriptive and experimental data gathered in the field. Some methodological improvements were implemented to account for the main sources of uncertainty inherent in the baseline data. The study was conducted in the Central Pyrenees, mainly in the Ordesa-Monte Perdido National Park (OMPNP). In Chapter 1 we developed a novel method to assess the effect of the sampling effort when using information of classical databases to analyze spatial diversity patterns. Such method was used in chapter 2 to identify hotspots, and results were compared with the ones produced by an unbiased database information (standardized community surveys), Finding an overall spatial mismatch among the different diversity components at small scale (Chapter 2). Grasslands resulted to be the richest habitat in terms of species and endemisms, whereas the highest values of phylogenetic and functional diversity were observed in some forests, specially among the mixed ones. The second part of the thesis analyzed recent trends of the richest plant communities in high mountain ranges, alpine grasslands, to the generalized reduction in grazing and climate warming. In chapter 3 we compared plant community composition and tree cover in the upper limit of the treeline ecotone between 1998 and 2009. A weak effect of the increase in tree cover on the dynamics of Field layer vegetation was found, evidencing the slow response of alpine plant communities to drastic structural changes in the habitat. In chapter 4, we revisited after two decades 12 sites along an elevational gradient in two valleys of the Central Pyrenees. After accounting for the effect of the resampling error and the natural fluctuations of communities, we found that alpine grasslands were relatively stable over time at community, species and trait level. Evidences of the large ecological inertia of alpine grasslands were also Found in two experimental exclusion of herbivores set 20 years ago where species richness did not significantly differ from control grasslands (Chapter 5). Differences in the community trajectories of ungrazed and control grasslands occurred only during a sequence of warm and dry growing seasons, which led us to conclude that the effects of the grazing reduction and climate warming acted synergistically. Taken together, these results indicate that the response of alpine grasslands to land-use and climate change may be weaker and slower than expected according to predictive models and observations made in several grasslands below the treeline (rapid ecological succession after abandonment) and mountain summits (thermophilization) in the Central Pyrenees. The apparent stability of alpine grasslands depicted in our studies may revert as some tipping points are exceed. However, the smooth response of grasslands may provide a good opportunity to implement timely management actions for the conservation of this exceptionally rich habitat. The maintenance, and in some cases restoration, of traditional grazing activities, might be the simpler and more efficient strategy in the Face of global change, and perhaps the only possible to alleviate the impact of climate warming on plant diversity.<br>En esta tesis investigamos la distribución de los componentes taxónomico, filogenético y funcional de la diversidad vegetal en la alta montaña, y cómo ha respondido a los principales motores de cambio global en montañas (cambio climático y de uso de suelo) en las últimas décadas. Para abordar estas dos cuestiones usamos una aproximación a varias escalas, combinando información recopilada en bases de datos con datos descriptivos y experimentales obtenidos en campo, poniendo especial énfasis en mejorar los métodos analíticos de las aproximaciones utilizadas. Nuestra investigación se llevó a cabo en el Pirineo Central, especialmente en el Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido (PNOMP). En el primer capítulo examinamos el sesgo del esfuerzo de muestreo en una clásica base de datos de herbario, y cómo éste puede afectar a los análisis de los patrones de diversidad. Desarrollamos un método nuevo que permitió detectar diferencias importantes en la distribución del esfuerzo de muestreo a lo largo del PNOMP. Esta información fue usada en el segundo capítulo, donde demostramos por primera vez que, además de la riqueza específica, el patrón de distribución del resto de los componentes de la diversidad puede verse distorsionado por el sesgo de muestreo. Tras utilizar una base de datos elaborada a partir de inventarios de comunidades, observamos que los diferentes componentes de la diversidad presentaron una distribución distinta a lo largo del PNOMP. Este resultado demuestra que nuestra habilidad para identificar áreas prioritarias para la conservación a partir de bases de datos clásicas de diversidad es muy limitada. Los pastos resultaron ser el hábitat más rico en término de número de especies y endemismos, mientras que algunos tipos de bosques de hoja caduca fueron identificados como puntos calientes de historia evolutiva y funcional. En los siguientes capítulos examinamos la respuesta de las comunidades más ricas, los pastos de alta montaña, al descenso generalizado del pastoreo y el calentamiento climático. En el capítulo tercero analizamos los resultados de la revisita de transectos de vegetación situados en el ecotono del límite del bosque superior, muestreados 11 años antes. El escaso efecto del incremento de la cobertura arbórea sobre las comunidades pone de manifiesto la lenta respuesta de las comunidades alpinas a cambios estructurales del hábitat. En el cuarto capítulo examinamos la respuesta de los pastos alpinos a lo largo de dos décadas, tras revisitar una docena de parcelas permanentes distribuidas a lo largo de un gradiente altitudinal en dos valles del Pirineo Central. Tras considerar el error de muestreo y la fluctuación interanual de las comunidades, no observamos señales evidentes de cambios ni a nivel de comunidad ni de especies, ni tampoco un aumento de especies leñosas. Los grupos de especies con tendencias opuestas no mostraron rasgos funcionales significativamente diferentes, cuando fue considerada la abundancia y autocorrelación evolutiva de éstos. La gran inercia ecológica de los pastos alpinos fue también confirmada en un experimento de exclusión de herbivoría que duró 19 años (quinto capítulo), donde la riqueza de especies no mostró un efecto significativo en respuesta al tratamiento. La ausencia de ganado sólo resultó en una trayectoria divergente de la comunidad tras una década, y coincidiendo con un periodo excepcionalmente cálido y seco. Este resultado sugiere que el cese del pastoreo y el aumento de las temperaturas podrían tener un efecto aditivo sobre las comunidades vegetales. En conjunto, todos estos resultados ponen de manifiesto que las comunidades de pastos alpinos frente a los principales motores de cambio en montaña puede ser más lenta de lo que se esperaba según los modelos predictivos, la rápida sucesión ecológica (matorralización) observada en varios pastos subalpinos y montanos a lo largo del Pirineo, y los cambios en las comunidades de cumbres (termofliación) descritos en el propio PNOMP. La aparente estabilidad registrada en nuestro estudio podría revertir si se sobrepasan puntos de inflexión críticos. Sin embargo, la lenta dinámica aquí observada sugiere que no es tarde para tomar medidas de gestión para garantizar la conservación de estos pastos excepcionalmente ricos. El mantenimiento o restauración de las actividades del pastoreo tradicional se vislumbra como una solución simple y efectiva para paliar los efectos de los principales motores de cambio global sobre las comunidades alpinas.
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47

Mercedes, Martín Ramón. "Estudio de carbonatos microbiales en afloramiento como análogos de la caracterización y modelización de reservorios de hidrocarburos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132602.

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El registro sedimentario de la facies Muschelkalk superior (Triásico medio) de la Cuenca Catalana constituye un importante pulso transgresivo ladiniense en el NE de Iberia. Las curvas de subsidencia calculadas muestran dos etapas de subsidencia total rápida/desacelerada, constituyendo dos pulsos discretos rift-postrift durante el periodo Triásico. El segundo pulso (Muschelkalk superior-Fm. Imon (Rhaetiense) está caracterizado por una rápida subsidencia sinrift durante el Muschelkalk superior, la cual controló el desarrollo de los estromatolitos y trombolitos (biostromos y mud-mounds). El registro del Muschelkalk superior está organizado en dos secuencias transgresivo-regresivas (T-R) formadas por dos rampas carbonatadas de bloques fracturados, dominadas por microbios y donde la acomodación estuvo controlada principalmente por fallas extensionales. Una caída del nivel del mar de al menos 50 m. tuvo lugar al final del Ladiniense inferior, dejando la plataforma subaéreamente expuesta. Como resultado, un importante carst con significativas incisiones erosivas y brechas de colapso se formó en posiciones de rampa interna y media. La discordancia subaérea resultante limita la secuencia T-R1 y 2. La Secuencia T-R1 se corresponde con una rampa carbonatada de bloques fracturados dominada por microbialitos y bajíos oolíticos. La Secuencia T-R2 representa una rampa carbonatada de bloques fracturados dominada por lagoons y bajíos. Diversos tipos de microbialitos (estromatolitos s.s., estromatolitos oolítico-peloidales y trombolitos) están ampliamente representados en las porciones de rampa interna y media. Los microbialitos exhiben una porosidad relacionada con el medio de depósito, la cual está actualmente ocluida por cementos de calcita esparítica y cementos de cuarzo. Los tipos más comunes de porosidad antigua son de tipo interlaminar (fenestral), vacuolar (vuggy) y móldica (disolución de granos y reemplazamiento de evaporitas). Los microbialitos estudiados registran una presencia concomitante durante el Ladiniense inferior (Fassanian), así como una yuxtaposición de las facies microbianas (estromatolitos s.s., estromatolitos oolítico-peloidales y trombolitos) durante el Ladiniense superior (Longobardian). A pesar de la participación de procesos microbianos en su acreción, varios factores extrínsecos (como la salinidad, energía del agua, tipo de sustrato y condiciones oceanográficas anómalas) fueron clave en el crecimiento de esos microbialitos. Las rampas carbonatadas estudiadas pueden ser utilizadas como análogos de reservorios de hidrocarburos en microbialitos. Concretamente, en áreas deposicionales altamente subsidentes, que presentan una gran diversidad de depósitos microbianos formados en condiciones marinas abiertas a restringidas y con una gran variedad de porosidad antigua.<br>The Upper Muschelkalk sedimentary record of the Triassic Catalan Basin (Catalan Ranges) constitutes a major transgressive pulse of northeastern Iberia during the Ladinian. Calculated subsidence curves display two stages of rapid/decelerated total subsidence, constituting two discrete rift/post-rift pulses in the large Triassic rifting period. The second pulse (Late Muschelkalk- Imon Formation (Rhaetian) is characterized by a rapid syn-rift subsidence during the Late Muschelkalk, which controls the development of the stromatolites and thrombolites (biostromes and mud-mounds). The Upper Muschelkalk sedimentary record is arranged in two transgressive-regressive (T-R) sequences formed by two fault-block microbial-dominated carbonate ramps where accommodation was mainly controlled by extensional faults. A sea-level fall of at least 50 metres occurred at the end of the Early Ladinian leaving the platform subaerially exposed. As a result, a prominent karst with significant erosional incisions and profuse collapse breccia fillings was formed in the inner and middle ramp settings. The resultant subaerial unconformity bounds T-R sequences 1 and 2. T-R sequence 1 corresponds to a fault-block carbonate ramp system dominated by microbialites and oolitic shoals. T-R sequence 2 represents a fault-block carbonate ramp system mainly characterised by lagoons and shoals. The diverse types of microbialites (stromatolites, ooidal-peloidal stromatolites and thrombolites) are widely represented in the inner and middle ramp settings. Microbialites exhibit a fabric-selective ancient porosity which is currently occluded by coarse calcite and quartz cements. The most common types of ancient porosity are interlaminar, vuggy and mouldic (grain dissolution and evaporite replacement). The studied microbialites recorded a concomitant occurrence during the Lower Ladinian (Fassanian), and juxtaposition of microbial facies (stromatolites, ooidal-peloidal stromatolites) during the Upper Ladinian (Longobardian). Despite the involvement of microbial processes in their accretion, a number of extrinsic factors such as salinity, water energy, sediment supply, type of substratum, and widespread and anomalous oceanographic conditions were instrumental in the growth of these microbialites. The studied carbonate ramps can be used as an analogue for ancient microbialite reservoirs in rapidly subsiding depositional areas, with a high diversity of microbial deposits formed in restricted to open marine conditions, with a wide array of ancient porosity and a well-known sequence stratigraphic context.
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48

Somera, Audrey. "On the effective elasticity of quasi-periodic lattice materials : From microscopic foundations to experimental validation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0037.

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Les matériaux architecturés ont suscité un intérêt croissant au fil des années, notamment en permettant d’atteindre de nouvelles zonesdes diagrammes d’Ashby. Les lattices quasipériodiques semblent combiner les avantages des structures aléatoires et périodiques : il s’agit de structures déterministes, leur comportement est isotrope et ils ont une meilleure ténacité que les matériaux périodiques. L’étude du comportement mécanique de telle structure n’en est cependant qu’à ses balbutiements. Ainsi cette thèse proposed’étudier le comportement élastique effectif des lattices quasi-périodiques. Dans un premier temps, les mécanismes de déformations locaux de différents motifs ont été étudiés. Il a ainsi été montré qu’on pouvait séparer les motifs en trois catégories : les motifs à dominance énergétique totale en traction ou flexion et les motifs à dominance variable. L’influence de ces mécanismes locaux sur lecomportement mécanique global des structures a ensuite été étudié. Pour ce faire, une procédure d’identification du comportement effectif équivalent des lattices, basée sur une méthode de type FEMU, a été mise en place. D’abord validée en utilisant un jumeau numérique, un dispositif expérimental a ensuite été conçu afin de mettre en oeuvre expérimentalement la procédure et confirmer les résultats numériques. Il a ainsi été montré que le modèle de comportement le plus adapté dépend du motif considéré : alors qu’uneloi classique de type Cauchy semble suffisante pour décrire le comportement des motifs à dominance énergétique totale en traction et à dominance variable, il est nécessaire d’utiliser un modèle de type Cosserat pour les motifs à dominance énergétique totale en flexion<br>Architectured materials have received increasing interest over the years, especially by allowing new areas of the Ashby diagrams to bereached. Quasi-periodic lattices combine the advantages of both random and periodic structures: they are deterministic structures, their behaviour is isotropic, and they have better toughness than periodic lattices. However, the study of the mechanical behaviour of such structures is still in its infancy. Thus, this thesis proposes to study the effective elastic behaviour of quasi-periodic lattices. First, the local deformation mechanisms of different patterns have been studied. It is shown that the patterns could be separated into three categories: the completely stretching and bendingdominated patterns and the variable dominance ones. The influence of these local mechanisms on the overall mechanical behaviour was then investigated. For this purpose, an identification procedure of the lattice equivalent effective behaviour, based on a FEMU-type method, was implemented. First performed using a numerical twin, an experimental set-up was then designed to carry out the procedure and validate the numerical results experimentally. It is shown that the most suitable behaviour model depends on the pattern considered. While a classical Cauchy-type law seems sufficient to describe the behaviour of completely stretching-dominated and variable dominance patterns, it is necessary to use a Cosserat-type model for completely bending-dominated ones
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49

Tadrous, Ebram. "Experimental investigation of the transition of Marangoni convection around a stationary gas bubble towards turbulent flow." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2020. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74993.

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In this study, thermocapillary-driven convection around a gas bubble under a horizontal heated wall is experimentally investigated under gravitational conditions. The thermocapillary convective flow under conditions beyond the laminar steady state towards turbulent flow is explored in detail. Generally, Marangoni convection is more critical and important under microgravity conditions rather than on earth. Under low gravity, this surface tension induced flow can dictate both heat and mass transfer processes. Thus, thermocapillary convection should be considered by manufacturers during material production processes in space. Moreover, temperature gradients can be purposefully used to eliminate or move bubbles or drops suspended in liquid materials. In addition to that, thermocapillary convective flow appears in many other applications like manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes and mono crystal production, to mention only few examples. Researchers have always seen Marangoni convection as an interesting topic for both numerical and experimental studies. Regarding the configuration of the injected gas bubble under a horizontal heated wall, this physical problem is mainly characterized by a dimensionless number that represents the ratio of convective heat flow induced by capillary convection to the heat transfer due to conduction which is termed Marangoni number (Mg). The past decade has seen different approaches to describe the flow behaviour at high Marangoni numbers. The thermocapillary flow has been mainly investigated and categorized regarding a stable laminar behaviour and a non-laminar one, which is characterized by periodic or non-periodic oscillations. Through previous studies, the point of the transition of the thermocapillary flow from the periodic oscillatory zone to the non-periodic one has been well investigated. However, there is a lack of information about this non-periodic behaviour at very high temperature gradients. Therefore, in the current study, our experimental investigations focus mainly on exploring different factors affecting the non-periodicity of the Marangoni convection and on explaining how this flow behaves under conditions above the transitional Marangoni number (Mg tran ). The experimental work was launched using a PIV technique and shadowgraphy. In addition to that, temperature measurements at different locations in the matrix fluid around the air bubble were conducted to determine the undisturbed temperature gradients at different boundary conditions. The transient observation of both velocity and temperature measurements at locations near the bubble allowed deeper insight in the behaviour of the thermocapillary bubbleconvection. Moreover, through shadowgraphy, a qualitative evaluation of the fluid flow periodicity around the gas bubble was achieved. The implementation of experiments inside a pressure chamber under gauge pressure conditions formed a novel methodology to enable us conducting experiments under higher temperature gradients in order to reach high Marangoni numbers. The thermocapillary bubble convection was categorized into laminar, periodic oscillatory, and non-periodic oscillatory flow. The periodic fluid flow oscillations were categorized in symmetric and asymmetric ones depending on the different applied boundary conditions. The non-periodic fluid flow oscillations around the gas bubble were also achieved at high temperature gradients for different bubble aspect ratios. We proved that for every bubble size, the non-periodic oscillatory state of the fluid flow around the gas bubble undergoes four different modes (A-D). The last one (phase D) is a developed turbulent state starting at Mg- numbers of 75000 for the smallest bubble aspect ratio of 1.2 up to the maximal measured Mg- number of 140000 for a bubble aspect ratio of 2.3. Hence, turbulent thermocapillary bubble convection was realized and studied in our experimental configuration. Moreover, the thermocapillary flow driving velocities at the bubble periphery were measured at different boundary conditions. This study clearly demonstrates that it is the high magnitude of the driving velocity that initiates the interactions between thermocapillary flow vortices leading finally to a highly developed oscillation mode (turbulent state) and that buoyancy plays a secondary role in the described flow configuration.:1 INTRODUCTION 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHODOLOGY 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS<br>In dieser Arbeit wird die thermokapillare Konvektion um eine Gasblase unter einer horizontal beheizten Wand unter Gravitationsbedingungen experimentell untersucht. Diese thermokapillare konvektive Strömung jenseits des laminaren stationären Zustands in Richtung turbulenter Strömung steht in dieser Arbeit im Fokus. Im Allgemeinen ist die Marangoni-Konvektion unter Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen kritischer und wichtiger als auf der Erde. Unter geringen Schwerkraftkräften kann diese durch Oberflächenspannung induzierte Strömung sowohl Wärme- als auch Stoffübergangsprozesse maßgeblich bestimmen. Daher sollte die thermokapillare Konvektion bei Materialproduktionsprozessen im Weltraum berücksichtigt werden. Darüber hinaus können Temperaturgradienten gezielt angewendet werden, um in flüssigen Materialien suspendierte Blasen oder Tropfen zu entfernen oder zu bewegen. Außerdem tritt thermokapillare Strömung in vielen anderen Anwendungen auf, beispielsweise bei der Herstellung von einwandigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren oder der Herstellung von Einkristallen, um nur einige Beispiele zu nennen. Forscher haben die Marangoni-Konvektion immer als ein wichtiges und interessantes Thema für numerische und experimentelle Studien betrachtet. In Bezug auf die Konfiguration der injizierten Blase unter einer horizontal beheizten Wand wird dieses physikalische Problem hauptsächlich durch eine dimensionslose Kennzahl, die das Verhältnis des durch Kapillarkonvektion induzierten konvektiven Wärmeübertragungs zur Wärmeübertragung durch Leitung darstellt und als Marangoni-Zahl (Mg) bezeichnet wird, definiert. In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden verschiedene Ansätze zur Beschreibung des Strömungs-Verhaltens bei höheren Marangoni-Zahlen verfolgt. Dabei wurde die Thermokapillarströmung grundsätzlich in ein stabiles laminares und ein nicht laminares (oszillierendes) Verhalten, das durch periodische oder nicht periodische Geschwindigkeit- und Temperatur-Fluktuationen gekennzeichnet ist, eingeteilt. Durch frühere Studien wurde das Regime des Übergangs des thermokapillaren Verhaltens von der periodischen Schwingungszone zur nichtperiodischen gut untersucht. Es fehlen jedoch immer noch detaillierte Informationen über das nichtperiodische Verhalten bei sehr hohen Temperaturgradienten. Daher konzentrieren sich unsere experimentellen Untersuchungen in der vorliegenden Studie hauptsächlich auf die Untersuchung verschiedener Faktoren, die die Nichtperiodizität der konvektiven Thermokapillarströmung beeinflussen, und auf eine Klärung, wie sich diese Strömung unter verschiedenen Randbedingungen über der kritischen Marangoni-Zahl (Mg c ) verhält.Die experimentelle Arbeit wurde sowohl mit einer PIV-Technik als auch mit der Shadowgraph- Technik durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus waren Temperaturmessungen auf Sensorbasis an verschiedenen Stellen in der verwendeten Flüssigkeit um die Luftblase geeignet, um die ungestörten Temperaturgradienten bei verschiedenen Randbedingungen zu bestimmen. Die zeitabhängige Messung sowohl von Geschwindigkeiten als auch von Temperaturen an Orten in der Nähe der Blase lieferte Informationen über das Verhalten der Konvektion der thermokapillaren Strömung. Darüber hinaus wurde durch die Shadowgraph-Technik eine qualitative Bewertung der Fluidströmungsperiodizität um die Blase ermöglicht. Die Durchführung von Experimenten in einer Druckkammer unter Überdruck-Bedingungen bildet eine neuartige Methode, um solche Experimente unter höheren Temperaturgradienten durchzuführen und höhere Marangoni-Zahlen zu erreichen. Die thermokapillare Blasenkonvektion wurde in dieser Arbeit in laminaren stetigen Flüssigkeitsströmungen, periodischen und nichtperiodischen oszillierenden Flüssigkeitsströmungen eingeteilt. Die periodischen Fluidströmungsschwingungen wurden in Abhängigkeit von unterschiedlichen Randbedingungen in symmetrische und asymmetrische eingeteilt. Die nichtperiodischen Strömungsoszillationen um die Gasblase wurden auch bei hohen Temperaturgradienten für verschiedene Blasenaspektverhältnisse erreicht. Wir konnten zeigen, dass für jede Blasengröße der nichtperiodische Schwingungszustand der Strömung um die Gasblase vier verschiedene Modi (A-D) besitzen kann. Die letzte (Phase D) ist ein hoch entwickelter turbulenter Zustand, der bei Mg-Zahlen von 75000 für das kleinste Blasenaspektverhältnis von 1,2 bis zur maximal gemessenen Mg-Zahl von 140000 für das Blasenaspektverhältnis von 2,3 beginnt. Der ausgebildete turbulente Zustand der thermokapillaren Strömung konnte mit unserer experimentellen Konfiguration erstmalig erreicht werden. Darüber hinaus konnten die Antriebsgeschwindigkeiten der thermokapillaren Strömung an der Peripherie der Blase bei verschiedenen Randbedingungen gemessen werden. Diese Studie zeigt deutlich, dass es die Höhe der Antriebsgeschwindigkeit ist, welche die Wechselwirkungen zwischen thermokapillaren Strömungswirbeln unterschiedlicher Größe antreibt, die schließlich zu chaotischen Schwingungen der im Folgenden beschriebenen Grenzlinie führen. Diese Studie zeigt auch, dass die Auftriebskonvektion in der beschriebenen Strömungskonfiguration eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt.:1 INTRODUCTION 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHODOLOGY 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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50

Torner, Perez Judit. "Paleoclimatic reconstruction of past interglacial periods and their transitions in the Iberian Peninsula and its surrounding seas = Reconstruccions paleoclimàtiques dels interglacials recents i les seves transicions a la Península Ibèrica i mars circumdants." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672465.

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This study combines cave speleothems and marine sediments to gain an insight into the climate variability of the Iberian Peninsula (IP) and its surrounding seas associated with previous warm interglacial periods. In particular, it centres in the interglacials comprised within the Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 13, 11, 9, 7, and 5, and their associated transitions. The speleothems are used as archives for changes in atmospheric moisture availability by means of stable isotopes and Mg/Ca analysis. The studied speleothems correspond mostly from the Balearic Islands (Minorca and Mallorca) but also from the Pyrenees. Marine conditions for the penultimate termination (T-II) and the MIS 5 have been reconstructed in the base to three sediment cores from three different marine locations around the IP: the Cantabrian Sea, the Alboran Sea, and the Balearic Sea. Surface conditions were explored by means of pair analyses of δ18O and Mg/Ca ratios measured in carbonate shells of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides. These measurements let to the reconstruction of Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) and sea water δ18Osw values as a proxy of major changes in the regional precipitation/evaporation balance or as an indicator of the arrival of melting waters. In addition, changes in the intensity of western Mediterranean deep convection are explored through additional measurements of grain size distribution and XRF-geochemical ratios performed in the Balearic core (MD99- 2343). The studied speleothem collection provides a nearly continuous 450 kyr record, unique for the Mediterranean region. Interglacial periods are characterized by light δ13C and low Mg/Ca ratios pointing to enhanced precipitation and climate amelioration that allowed the expansion of the vegetation cover. On the contrary, heavier/higher δ13C and Mg/Ca ratios during glacial stages highlight their dry conditions with reduced vegetation activity. The δ18Ospeleo records reveal also the overall dominance of lighter values during interglacial periods in contrast to the glacial periods but with a strong 23-kyr (precessional) imprint in the signal. The extraordinary resemblance between the cave and marine δ18O records support a strong influence of Mediterranean source rains over the studied caves whose δ18O signal was dominated by the precession control on the evaporation/precipitation ratio on the Mediterranean basin. The MIS 11 appears in the studied speleothem as a long and stable interglacial with rather constant water availability over the Balearic Islands. The speleothem covering the MIS 9 and MIS 7 allows identifying sub-stage structures with wetter conditions associated with the warm periods. This record presents extraordinary resemblance to previously published pollen sequences from the Mediterranean region. The MIS 5 is studied in detail through the integrated study of marine and speleothem records. During the Last Interglacial (LIG), the sea surface temperature evolution was heterogeneous around the IP with gradients among the three studied seas larger than those from today. The LIG end was coincident with an accelerated aridification phase that marked the glacial inception at 116.5 kyr BP. This was the first of a series of stadials that punctuated the early glaciation and where the sea thermal gradient almost disappeared around the IP. These intense coolings during stadials led the development of drier but intense westerlies over southern European latitudes that favoured deep convection in the western Mediterranean Sea. In contrast to this regional homogeneity among the studied records during stadial periods, the interstadials periods were rather heterogeneous pointing to much complex ocean-atmosphere interconnections during these warm intervals. Glacial terminations (T-III, IV, and V) appear as periods of low rates in speleothem growth while T-II is only represented by growth interruptions. The marine δ18Osw for the T-II supports the occurrence of a major freshening event in correspondence to the Heinrich Event (HE) 11. Previous terminations are represented by an early light δ18Ospeleo anomaly, likely reflecting that this early deglacial major melting over the Atlantic Ocean was a rule for deglacial initiations.<br>L’estudi combinat tant de sediments marins com d’espeleotemes ha permès determinar la variabilitat climàtica durant períodes interglacials recents (MIS 13, 11, 9, 7, i 5) a la Península Ibèrica i als seus mars circumdants. S’han utilitzat sediments marins de tres localitzacions diferents, del Mar Cantàbric, el Mar d’Alboran i el Mar Balear, en els quals s’han determinat les condicions superficials del mar, a partir del càlcul de les temperatures superficials (Mg/Ca-SST) i el δ18Osw mesurats en el foraminífer planctònic Globigerina bulloides. Addicionalment, s’han caracteritzat canvis en la intensitat de la corrent profunda a partir de la distribució granulomètrica i l’anàlisi elemental per fluorescència de raig X dels sediments del testimoni del Mar Balear. Per un altre banda l’anàlisi geoquímic tant d’isòtops estables com de la relació Mg/Ca mesurats en espeleotemes de les illes Balears i dels Pirineus han sigut utilitzats com indicadors de precipitacions. La nova col·lecció d’espeleotemes obtinguda en aquesta tesis doctoral ha proporcionat un registre continental pràcticament continu de 450 kyr únic a la zona de la Mediterrània. Els resultats d’aquesta tesis mostren que els períodes interglacials, caracteritzats per valors lleugers de δ13C i baixes relacions de Mg/Ca en espeleotemes, varen tindre cobertures vegetals més extenses que durant els períodes glacials i varen ser períodes humits degut al augment de les precipitacions. A més, els resultats indiquen peculiaritats entre els diferents períodes interglacials estudiats i permeten identificar sub-estructures climàtiques interestadials/interglacials. En concret el MIS 5, període estudiat amb detall, mostra alts gradients tèrmics de les aigües superficials marines entre les tres localitzacions estudiades al voltant de la Península Ibèrica, indicant una interconnexió oceà-atmosfera complexa durant aquests períodes més càlids. Contràriament, durant períodes estadials freds, els gradients tèrmics pràcticament varen desaparèixer, i juntament amb el desenvolupament de condicions atmosfèriques àrides varen afavorir la convecció profunda del mediterrani occidental.
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