Academic literature on the topic 'The origin of species (Darwin)'
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Journal articles on the topic "The origin of species (Darwin)"
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van den Brink, Gijsbert. "Charles Darwins Origin of Species: Icoon van het atheïsme?" NTT Journal for Theology and the Study of Religion 70, no. 2 (2016): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ntt2016.70.151.brin.
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Charles Darwins Origin of Species (1859) wordt vaak als icoon van het atheïsme beschouwd, omdat de daarin gepresenteerde theorie religieuze verklaringen van de biodiversiteit grotendeels overbodig maakte. Darwin zelf trok echter geen atheïstische conclusies uit zijn theorie. Hoewel hij het christelijk geloof reeds eerder geleidelijk had losgelaten, verwees hij in de Origin verschillende malen naar de Schepper op een manier die men niet als onoprecht kan afdoen. Autobiografische aantekeningen maken duidelijk dat zijn religieuze positie zou blijven fluctueren tussen agnosticisme en theïsme. Nu eens verdedigde Darwin een greater good theodicee, dan weer wanhoopte hij aan de adequaatheid daarvan.
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Brown, Robert. "Nardo, Ed., Charles Darwin." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 29, no. 1 (2004): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.29.1.44-45.
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The name Charles Darwin, the theory of evolution, and the related concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest still provoke fiery debates nearly 150 years after publication of The Origin of Species in 185 9. Don Nardo 's Charles Darwin is a useful, if limited, anthology of primary and secondary sources by authors such as Desmond King-Hele, Carl Sagan, and Gertrude Himmelfarb on the origins, publication, and impact, short- and Jong-term, of Darwin's ideas. Organized in four sections, this collection provides excerpts from secondary sources on "Pre-Darwinian Theories of Life's Origins," a mixture of primary and secondary sources on "Darwin Develops and Publishes his Theory of Evolution" and "The Immediate Impact of Darwin's Origin of Species," and excerpts from secondary sources on "Modern Reevaluations and Objections to Darwin's Ideas."
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Jagadesh Kumar, Mamidala. "Origin of Species: Darwin and Beyond." IETE Technical Review 40, no. 3 (2023): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2023.2215597.
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Morris, Susan W. "Fleeming Jenkin andThe Origin of Species: a reassessment." British Journal for the History of Science 27, no. 3 (1994): 313–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400032209.
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Early in June of 1867, Charles Darwin turned back the cover of his copy of the respected quarterlyNorth British Review, to find on its opening pages a lengthy essay attacking his theory of natural selection. As with the vast majority of articles in the Victorian periodicals, the review was anonymous, prompting immediate speculation in Darwin's circle as to the author's identity. It was to be about a year-and-a-half before Darwin would learn that the engineer Fleeming Jenkin had written the essay. By then, Darwin had concluded that the critique was the most valuable he had ever read onThe Origin of Species.
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Winthrop-Young, Geoffrey. "On a Species of Origin: Luhmann's Darwin." Configurations 11, no. 3 (2003): 305–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/con.2004.0030.
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Sousa, Cristina. "Bridging Darwin's Origin of Species & Wegener's Origin of Continents and Oceans:." American Biology Teacher 78, no. 1 (2016): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2016.78.1.24.
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The common ancestor and evolution by natural selection, concepts introduced by Charles Darwin, constitute the central core of biology research and education. However, students generally struggle to understand these concepts and commonly form misconceptions about them. To help teachers select the most revelant portions of Darwin's work, I suggest some sentences from On the Origin of Species and briefly discuss their implications. I also suggest a teaching strategy that uses history of science and curriculum crosscutting concepts (cause and effect) that constitute the framework to explain the evolutionary history of ratites (flightless birds) as described by Darwin, starting in the Jurassic, with the breakup of Gondwanaland, as first described by Alfred Wegener in The Origin of Continents and Oceans.
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Singh, R. B. "Editorial: [Darwin, Evolution and the Origin of Species]." Open Nutraceuticals Journal 2, no. 1 (2009): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876396000902010086.
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Williams, George C. "The Origin of Species. Charles Darwin , Gillian Beer." Quarterly Review of Biology 75, no. 1 (2000): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/393291.
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Wainwright, Milton. "The origin of species without Darwin and Wallace." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 17, no. 3 (2010): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.04.001.
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Archibald, J. David. "Darwin's two competing phylogenetic trees: marsupials as ancestors or sister taxa?" Archives of Natural History 39, no. 2 (2012): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2012.0091.
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Studies of the origin and diversification of major groups of plants and animals are contentious topics in current evolutionary biology. This includes the study of the timing and relationships of the two major clades of extant mammals – marsupials and placentals. Molecular studies concerned with marsupial and placental origin and diversification can be at odds with the fossil record. Such studies are, however, not a recent phenomenon. Over 150 years ago Charles Darwin weighed two alternative views on the origin of marsupials and placentals. Less than a year after the publication of On the origin of species, Darwin outlined these in a letter to Charles Lyell dated 23 September 1860. The letter concluded with two competing phylogenetic diagrams. One showed marsupials as ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals, whereas the other showed a non-marsupial, non-placental as being ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals. These two diagrams are published here for the first time. These are the only such competing phylogenetic diagrams that Darwin is known to have produced. In addition to examining the question of mammalian origins in this letter and in other manuscript notes discussed here, Darwin confronted the broader issue as to whether major groups of animals had a single origin (monophyly) or were the result of “continuous creation” as advocated for some groups by Richard Owen. Charles Lyell had held similar views to those of Owen, but it is clear from correspondence with Darwin that he was beginning to accept the idea of monophyly of major groups.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The origin of species (Darwin)"
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Duboisée, de Ricquebourg Martin Kevin Michael. "Origin of species or specious origins? : a reformed presuppositional apology to Darwin's origin of species and descent of man / M.K.M. Duboisée de Ricquebourg." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4562.
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Charles Darwin has achieved both notoriety and fame for his evolutionary ideas encapsulated principally in The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man. Although credited for much originality in his writings, Darwin's legacy borrowed extensively from many who had propounded similar speculations centuries before him. His naturalistic argument for origin and species reveals both logical and theological problems with his thesis, and further unavoidable ramifications. The contention is that even Darwin himself could not, and did not, live by the ideas he boldly espoused. His ideas, if true, would destroy the very basis upon which his thesis depended. His evolutionary paradigm had to take for granted a world he could give no account for. Yet his antipathy of Biblical Christianity, and its God, inspired him to pursue his personal naturalistic agenda with little regard to the logical consequences. Modern evolutionary science may look back today with pride on its founder, Charles Darwin, yet the problems which were intrinsic to his thesis remain unanswered yet.<br>Thesis (M.Th. (Dogmatics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Dias, Vivian Catarina. "A sinfonia da natureza: Charles Darwin e as origens." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2542.
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Previous issue date: 2015-05-04<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Since childhood Charles Darwin showed an interest for the natural world. In his youth he developed that passion into an object of study travelling around the world onboard of The Beagle. The contact with unique species like the ones found in Galapagos Islands, the fossils discovered in South America, the experiences he lived and a extensive reseach during more than twenty years after his return to England made him think about a common link between the species, that lead him to publish The origin of species in 1859 and The expression of emotions in man and animals in 1872, along with other works and articles on the most diverse subjects, such as Diary of a naturalist around the world. In The origin of species he stated that the species are mutable and linked by the proccess of communion of ascendancy , fruits from the same tree of life. Forging the recreation of human history and its relocation in the natural world, the essays in The expression of emotions in man and animals widened the statement about the evolution of species pointing that humans share emotions and feelings with other species of animals. The implosion of the concept of human initiated with the darwinian facts opened new horizons for sciences such as anthropology to rethink the trajectory of the living beings and the borderlines between culture and animality. Notwithstanding, go beyond frontiers and enrich the critic, scientific, ethic and poetic repertoire is a really dificult task. Despite the relevance of the Darwinian Works, the contact with them is through indirect ways: cartoons, films and fiction, whose contents rarely approach the issue in all its depth<br>Desde a infância, Charles Darwin demonstrou interesse pelo mundo natural. Na juventude, transformou essa paixão em objeto de estudo viajando ao redor do mundo no navio Beagle. O contato com espécies únicas como as encontradas nas Ilhas Galápagos; os fósseis achados na América do Sul; as experiências adquiridas, e uma extensa pesquisa realizada por mais de vinte anos após o retorno à Inglaterra, levaram-no a pensar na filiação comum das espécies, desdobrando no lançamento de A origem das espécies (1859) e A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais (1872), além de outras obras e artigos sobre os mais variados assuntos, como o Diário de um naturalista à volta do mundo. Em A origem das espécies, enunciou que as espécies são mutáveis e vinculadas pelo processo da comunhão de descendência , frutos da mesma árvore da vida. Forjando a recriação da história humana e sua realocação no mundo natural, os estudos de A expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais ampliaram o enunciado sobre a evolução das espécies, indicando que humanos compartilham emoções e sentimentos com outras espécies animais. A implosão do conceito de humano iniciada com os fatos darwinianos abriu outros horizontes para as ciências, incluindo a antropologia, repensarem a trajetória dos seres vivos e as fronteiras entre cultura e animalidade. Contudo, transpor limiares e enriquecer o repertório crítico, científico, ético, poético, mostra-se tarefa deveras espinhosa. Apesar da relevância das obras darwinianas, o contato com elas dá-se por vias indiretas: charges, filmes, ficção, cujos conteúdos, raramente, as abordam em todo seu alcance
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Almeida, Filho Enézio Eugênio de. "A natureza das críticas de Mivart ao papel da seleção natural de Darwin na origem das espécies: uma reconsideração histórica da controvérsia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13405.
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Previous issue date: 2008-10-17<br>Discovery Institute - Center for Science and Culture<br>This research follows the line of History and Theory of Science that has as a goal to explain the construction of scientific thought by discussing the foundation of hypotheses and theories within their historical contexts. The goal of this thesis is to analyze Mivart´s critiques and Darwin´s answers, and to verify if they were scientifically well formulated and based considering the scientific context of that time. The reason for writing this work is an attempt to fill a gap in the History of Science about the scientific controversy between Mivart and Darwin on the role of natural selection in the origin of species. This work´s hypotheses are two: that Mivart´s critiques, despite being religiously motivated, were plausible scientifically, and that Darwin answered them fully. This research analyzes the primary sources of Mivart (Genesis of species) and Darwin's Origin of Species, and other secondary sources. The result reached was that Mivart´s critiques were indeed scientific, and that Darwin answered them according to the evidences and scientific knowledge then available<br>Esta pesquisa segue a linha de História e Teoria da Ciência que objetiva trazer
esclarecimentos sobre a construção do pensamento científico através da discussão da
fundamentação de hipóteses e teorias dentro do seu contexto histórico. O objetivo desta
dissertação é analisar as críticas de Mivart e as respostas dadas por Darwin, e verificar
se elas estavam bem formuladas e fundamentadas cientificamente considerando-se o
contexto científico daquela época. A justificativa para a realização desta trabalho é
tentar preencher uma lacuna em História da Ciência sobre a controvérsia científica
entre Mivart e Darwin sobre o papel da seleção natural na origem das espécies. As
hipóteses deste trabalho são duas: as críticas de Mivart, apesar de terem sido
religiosamente fundamentadas, eram cientificamente plausíveis, e Darwin as
respondeu satisfatoriamente. O aspecto teórico-metodológico foi a análise das fontes
primárias de Mivart (Genesis of species) e de Darwin (Origin of species), e outras fontes
secundárias. O resultado obtido foi que as críticas de Mivart eram científicas, e que
Darwin respondeu-as conforme as evidências e o conhecimento científico da época
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Castilho, Fernando Moreno. "Concepções evolutivas de Charles Darwin na Origem das espécies (1859) e na Expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais (1872): um estudo comparativo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13457.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-21<br>Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo<br>Among the books written by Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) the Origin of
species (1859) is the best known. However, in such book he did not deal with man. He had
dealt with this subject in two books which were published later: The expression of
emotions in man and animals (1872) and The descent of man (1871). This dissertation
aims to elucidate if Darwin had presented the same ways of modification of the species in
The origin of species and The expression of emotions in man and animals. It will be also
taken into account some conceptions presented by him in The descent of man.
This study contains an introduction and three chapters. Chapter 1 deals with some
of Darwin s contributions offering an overview of the main ways of modification found in the
Origin of species. Chapter 2 analyses the ways of modification of species found in The
expression of emotions in man and animals. Chapter 3 offers a comparison between the
conceptions found in both books as well as providing some final remarks on the subject.
This study led to the conclusion that the ways of modification of species proposed
in both books are the same: natural selection, sexual selection, inheritance of acquired
characteristics. Besides that, it may be found an analogy between natural and artificial
selection in both of them. However, in The expression of emotions in man and animals
Darwin stressed the role of the inheritance of acquired characteristics in order to explain
some patterns of behaviour in man and other animals.
It can also be pointed out that several conceptions found in The Expression had
inspired some more recent works contributing for the building of the discipline Ethology, in
the 1960 s<br>Dentre os livros escritos por Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882), o Origem das
espécies (1859) é o mais conhecido. Entretanto, nesta obra ele não lidou com o homem.
Ele tratou deste assunto em duas obras que publicou posteriormente: na Expressão das
emoções no homem e nos animais (1872) e na Origem do homem (1871). O objetivo
desta dissertação é elucidar se Darwin apresentou os mesmos meios de modificação das
espécies nessas duas obras. Serão também consideradas as concepções apresentadas
na Origem do homem.
Esta dissertação contém uma introdução e três capítulos. O capítulo 1 trata de
algumas contribuições de Darwin oferecendo uma visão geral dos principais meios de
modificação das espécies encontrados no Origem das espécies. O capítulo 2 analisa os
meios de modificação das espécies encontrados no livro Expressão das emoções no
homem e nos animais. O capítulo 3 apresenta uma comparação das concepções
encontradas nos dois livros bem como algumas considerações finais sobre o assunto.
Este estudo levou à conclusão de que os meios de modificação das espécies
apresentados nas duas obras consideradas são os mesmos: seleção natural, seleção
sexual, herança de caracteres adquiridos pelo uso e desuso. Entretanto, na Expressão
das emoções no homem e nos animais, Darwin enfatizou o papel da herança de
caracteres adquiridos para explicar alguns padrões de comportamento no homem e em
outros animais.
Pode ser também apontado que diversas concepções encontradas no livro
Expressão das emoções no homem e nos animais serviram de inspiração para trabalhos
mais recentes contribuindo para a construção da disciplina Etologia, na década de 1960
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Moon, Sangwha. "Dickens in the Context of Victorian Culture: an Interpretation of Three of Dickens's Novels from the Viewpoint of Darwinian Nature." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279322/.
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The worlds of Dickens's novels and of Darwin's science reveal striking similarity in spite of their involvement in different areas. The similarity comes from the fact that they shared the ethos of Victorian society: laissez-faire capitalism. In The Origin of Species, which was published on 1859, Charles Darwin theorizes that nature has evolved through the rules of natural selection, survival of the fittest, and the struggle for existence. Although his conclusion comes from the scientific evidence that was acquired from his five-year voyage, it is clear that Dawinian nature is reflected in cruel Victorian capitalism. Three novels of Charles Dickens which were published around 1859, Bleak House, Hard Times, and Our Mutual Friend, share Darwinian aspects in their fictional worlds. In Bleak House, the central image, the Court of Chancery as the background of the novel, resembles Darwinian nature which is anti-Platonic in essence. The characters in Hard Times are divided into two groups: the winners and the losers in the arena of survival. The winners survive in Coketown, and the losers disappear from the city. The rules controlling the fates of Coketown people are the same as the rules of Darwinian nature. Our Mutual Friend can be interpreted as a matter of money. In the novel, everything is connected with money, and the relationship among people is predation to get money. Money is the central metaphor of the novel and around the money, the characters kill and are killed like the nature of Darwin in which animals kill each other. When a dominant ideology of a particular period permeates ingredients of the society, nobody can escape the controlling power of the ideology. Darwin and Dickens, although they worked in different areas, give evidence that their works are products of the ethos of Victorian England.
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Seligo, Carlos. "The origin of science fiction in the monsters of botany : Carolus Linnaeus, Erasmus Darwin, Mary Shelley /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9361.
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Borge, Thomas. "Genetics and the Origin of Two Flycatcher Species." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3919.
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<p>In this thesis, different genetic tools are used to investigate pre- and postzygotic barriers to gene exchange and their role in speciation in the pied flycatcher (<i>Ficedula hypoleuca</i>) and the collared flycatcher (<i>F. albicollis</i>). This species complex consists of four genetically distinct clades that apparently diverged in allopatry (I). Sequencing of introns from autosomal and Z-linked genes from the two species reveals signs of selection on the Z-chromosome. Sexual selection acting on Z-linked genes might explain this pattern (II). By using large-scale genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), introgression is observed at autosomal- but not Z-linked loci, mostly from the pied- to the collared flycatcher. Male plumage characters and genes involved in hybrid fitness are largely mapped to the Z-chromosome (III). By studying mate choice of female hybrids I show that there is a link between female preferences and the Z chromosome (IV). The rate of introgression in island versus clinal hybrid zones is consistent with regional differences in hybrid fertility. Asymmetric gene flow from allopatry on the islands may oppose reinforcement, leading to introgression and a partial breakdown of postzygotic isolation. Adaptive introgression may explain the high rate of introgression observed at one of the genetic markers (V). For late breeding female collared flycatchers it appears to be adaptive to use pied flycatchers as social fathers but conspecific males as genetic fathers. Additionally, females in mixed species pairs may reduce hybridization costs by producing an excess of male hybrid offspring that are more fertile than females (VI).</p><p>In conclusion, the Z-chromosome appears to play a major role in flycatcher speciation. Sexual selection and reinforcement are important mechanisms in the divergence of these birds. However, gene flow from allopatry, introgression of adaptive genes and adaptive hetrospecific pairing by late breeding collared flycatcher females may work in the opposite direction.</p>
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Lomax, Charlotte. "Investigating the origin and transport of methylated arsenic species in plants." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203948.
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Inorganic arsenic is a toxic element known to cause various diseases and cancers in humans. Arsenic contamination is widespread worldwide, particularly in South-East Asia where arsenic-contaminated groundwater is used for drinking and rice cultivation. Unlike other cereals, paddy rice can efficiently accumulate arsenic in the grain. Rice is a staple food for around 50% of the world's population, so arsenic accumulation in rice is of great concern. Arsenite, As(III), is the predominant form of arsenic within plants, but rice grains often contain significant proportions of organic arsenic species. The most common of these are dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA). A series of axenic experiments demonstrated that plants are unable to methylate arsenic, and instead take these species up from soil where they are produced by micro-organisms. The uptake of undissociated MMA by rice roots is predominantly facilitated by OsNIP2;1 (OsLsi1), a member of the NIP-subfamily of aquaporins, which also accounts for 50% of root DMA uptake. Expression of OsNIP1;1 and OsNIP3;3 in Xenopus oocytes demonstrated that these NIP aquaporins are permeable to pentavalent MMA, as well as arsenite, silicon and water. However, uptake of DMA was not observed for oocytes expressing any NIP gene, including OsNIP2;1. MMA and DMA have a pKa1 of 4.19 and 6.14 respectively, and so increasing the pH of the medium increases the proportion of dissociated complexes. In hydroponic culture, rice plants over-expressing the high-affinity phosphate transporter OsPT8, took up significantly more MMA and DMA than wild-type. Additionally, the presence of phosphate in the medium significantly decreased the uptake of both MMA and DMA by OsPT8-overexpression and wild-type rice plants. Therefore we have discovered that methylated arsenic species are not formed within plants, and can be transported by two different classes of transporters depending on the pH of the medium.
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Whittington, Kate. "Origin and effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human sperm suspensions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388160.
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Ford, Kerry. "Origin and biogeography of New Zealand Craspedia (Compositae: Gnaphalieae)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1741.
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Craspedia (Compositae: Gnaphalieae) is a genus of 23 species found only in Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand species of Craspedia have confusing and continuous character variation, with boundaries between species often indistinct and relationships difficult to elucidate. Taxonomic treatments in the genus so far have been regionally based, with the result that species between New Zealand and Australia have not been adequately compared. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, ETS and psbA-trnH non-coding spacers show that New Zealand Craspedia is a monophyletic group nested within Australian Craspedia. This is consistent with a jump-dispersal event from Australia to New Zealand across the Tasman Sea. The New Zealand lineage is identified as sister to one of two Australian lineages, which consists of mainly subalpine and alpine species found on the main divide of south eastern Australia and in Tasmania. An estimate of when New Zealand Craspedia diverged, using ITS substitution rates from other mainland/island disjunctions in Compositae, gave an approximate date of between 650,000 and 325,000 years ago. This is consistent with the New Zealand fossil pollen record, and with other molecular studies, in suggesting that the Pleistocene, a period of mountain building and climate change, has been an important factor in the evolution of the New Zealand herbaceous flora. The two Australian lineages have not previously been recognised based on morphology and it is suggested they represent two independent species radiations into the Australian alpine zone. Although the New Zealand clade is only partly resolved, the phylogenetic analyses of ITS and ETS indicate that some relationships are incongruent with those previously suggested by morphology and current species boundaries.
Books on the topic "The origin of species (Darwin)"
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India) "Darwin and Human Evolution" (Seminar) (2010 Kolkata. Darwin and human evolution: Origin of species revisited. Asiatic Society, 2014.
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Darwin, Charles. On the origin of species by means of natural selection: By Charles Darwin. Gryphon Editions, 1987.
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Jones, Steve. The Darwin archipelago: The naturalist's career beyond Origin of species. Yale University Press, 2011.
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Boulter, Michael Charles. Darwin's garden: Down House and the Origin of species. Counterpoint, 2009.
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1809-1882, Darwin Charles, ed. Darwin's ghost: The origin of species updated. Random House, 2000.
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Darwin, Charles. Origin of Species Charles Darwin. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013.
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Francis, Keith A. Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species. Greenwood, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400624742.
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In 1859, an amateur British naturalist published a book of findings that shook the scientific community to its core and changed the structure of religion and science as we know them. The product of over 20 years of research,The Origin of Specieschallenged the popular belief that species could not evolve and argued that species can adapt to their environment and develop accordingly. Although other scientists had observed some of the phenomena that Charles Darwin addressed, he was the first to theorize that natural selection, and later, evolution, were viable explanations for the origins of life. The implications of Darwin's findings still reverberate today, in the classroom, in the courtroom, and at the highest legislative levels. Lively thematic chapters explore how Darwin came to the conclusions published inThe Origin of Species—and in later works such asThe Descent of Man—from his early years at Cambridge, to his observations of species on theHMS Beaglevoyages, through the 20 years of research that culminated inOrigin. Also included is an insightful discussion of Darwin's impact as it is felt today, from movies and popular culture to the current Intelligent Design controversy. Biographies of influential figures, primary source letters and selections fromOrigin, a glossary of terms, and an extensive annotated bibliography round out this accessible work.
Book chapters on the topic "The origin of species (Darwin)"
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Workman, Lance. "Darwin’s Greatest Work ‘On the Origin of Species’." In Charles Darwin. Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-31323-2_2.
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Wunn, Ina. "Darwin und The Origin of Species." In Barbaren, Geister, Gotteskrieger. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54773-1_7.
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Chaudhary, Govind R., and Akanksha Pandey. "On the Origin of Species (Darwin)." In Encyclopedia of Sexual Psychology and Behavior. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_94-1.
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Gorroochurn, Prakash. "Darwin and the Origin of Species." In The Development of Evolutionary Genetics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69374-8_2.
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Ruse, Michael. "Introduction: Charles Darwin and the Origin of Species." In The "Origin" Then and Now. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400833573.1.
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Dorsey, George A. "But the “Origin of Species” Weathered the Storm." In The Evolution of Charles Darwin. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315648385-12.
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do Carmo, Viviane Arruda, and Lilian Al-Chueyr Pereira Martins. "Wallace, Darwin, and the Relationship Between Species and Varieties (1858)." In Understanding Evolution in Darwin's "Origin". Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40165-7_9.
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Elice Brzezinski Prestes, Maria. "Introduction: Why Read the “Origin of Species”?" In Understanding Evolution in Darwin's "Origin". Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40165-7_1.
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Desmond, Adrian, James Moore, and Janet Browne. "The Origin of Species." In Charles Darwin. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199213542.003.0005.
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Abstract For support Darwin was now looking primarily to the rising London men of science rather than Cambridge clerics. In April 1856 he invited T. H. Huxley to Down for a weekend party of naturalists, during which he hoped to ensure that his theory could overcome Huxley’s objection to life’s progressive specialization. After this meeting Darwin began writing for publication. He was encouraged by Charles Lyell, who feared for Darwin’s priority after reading Alfred Russel Wallace’s ‘On the law which has regulated the introduction of new species’ in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for 1855.
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"The Origin of Species." In Charles Darwin. Cambridge University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009438971.004.
Full textConference papers on the topic "The origin of species (Darwin)"
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Sani, Fazlollah Madani, Srdjan Nesic, Sytze Huizinga, and Khlefa Esaklul. "Review of the API RP 14E Erosional Velocity Equation: Origin, Applications, Misuses and Limitations." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13206.
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Abstract Oil and gas companies apply different methods to limit erosion-corrosion of mild steel lines and equipment during the production of hydrocarbons from underground reservoirs. One of the frequently used methods is limiting the flow velocity to a so-called “erosional velocity,” under which it is assumed that no erosion-corrosion would occur. Over the last 40 years, the American Petroleum Institute recommended practice 14E (API RP 14E) equation has been used by many operators to estimate the erosional velocity. The API RP 14E equation has become popular because it is simple to apply and requires little in the way of inputs. However, due to its simplicity the API RP 14E equation has been frequently misused through generalizing the observed empirical c-factors to conditions and applications where it was invalid. Even when constrained to its defined conditions and applications, the API RP 14E has some serious limitations; such as not providing any quantitative guidelines for estimating the erosional velocity in the two commonest scenarios in the field, when solid particles are present in the production fluids and when erosion and corrosion are both involved. Field data showed that the API RP 14E equation is inadequate for estimating the erosional velocity and other operating parameters involved in erosion, corrosion and erosion-corrosion such as material properties, flow geometry, flow regime, sand production rate, and concentration of corrosive species; all need to be accounted for in establishing a correct estimation of the erosional velocity.
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Kovacheva, Antonina, Diana Rabadjieva, Radost Ilieva, and Rumiana Gergulova. "POLLUTION ASSESSMENT OF THE RIVERS FLOWING THROUGH BULGARIAN CITIES. A COMPARATIVE STUDY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.26.
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This research compares the water quality in four river bodies passing through different cities in Bulgaria. An eco-chemical approach was applied including physicochemical and analytical measurements, as well as calculation of different pollution indices and the distribution of the element species as an indicator of their bioavailability. The results from analytical measurements and calculated pollution indices show that all the studied water bodies were polluted regarding P-PO43?, N-NH4+, Mn, and Pb. The highest values were measured in the Struma River, which is the result of both natural origin, due to the presence of coal mines, and the unsustainable management of mining and metallurgy activities in the past. The second most polluted is the Iskar River near Sofia city, mainly a consequence of the increased population in recent years. Thermodynamically calculated species of trace metals show that free Mn2+ ions dominate in all rivers being highest in Struma river. They are dangerous for aquatic fauna as free metal ions easily interact with ligands of organic compounds found in the bloodstream and/or within organs. Free ions are also calculated for Zn, but it is less dangerous because its content is significantly less. It was found only at single stations in the Maritsa and Danube rivers. Cu and Pb are potentially the riskiest elements for plants as their dominant organometallic species are easily accumulated by them. Regarding Al, its dominant hydroxy specie
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Park, Gyutae, Jinseok Seo, Majid Abbasi, and Yunjo Ro. "Failure of Light Naphtha Discharge Pump in a 2-Stage Overhead System of Condensate Splitting Unit." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10871.
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Abstract Corrosion of overhead system in the distillation unit has been a chronic and unresolved issue even with the injection of neutralizer and corrosion inhibitors. Recently, a light naphtha discharge pump (made of UNS J91150 casing and impeller) malfunctioned, which caused severe damage to the impeller. It was subsequently realized that, prior to the malfunction of the impeller, the pH of the water at the second overhead accumulator unexpectedly dropped to 2.6 with simultaneous increase of Fe concentration. Preliminary analysis of the impeller revealed that it had failed from a combination of corrosion and cavitation. To understand the origin of corrosion, extensive water chemistry analysis was performed, which revealed the presence of corrosive species such as sulfate and nitrate ions, presumably from the flue gas, which would have caused pH to drop. Autoclave corrosion tests also revealed that these species would cause significant corrosion of UNS S41000 which is similar to UNS J91150 used in the pump. In-depth electron microscope study (i.e., SEM, EBSD) on corrosion scale and damaged impeller surface was performed to confirm that the damage mechanism was corrosion-induced cavitation. Details of the analysis will be presented and discussed.
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Croese, Elsemiek, Floris Veeger, and Sabine Doddema. "Microbiology in Geothermal Operations." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12818.
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Abstract A low enthalpy geothermal system consisting of a water production and injection well faced serious injection obstruction problems within two-and-a-half months after start-up. The obstruction was so severe that the operation was suspended and research was done in order to determine the cause. To solve the obstruction problem the system was treated downhole using acid and biocide. During this treatment dangerous amounts of H2S were released. A study was initiated to understand the origin of the H2S and to give options for microbiological treatment and growth prevention. The results showed high amount of bacteria in the obstruction material indicating that microorganisms caused the obstruction. The detected species were typical thermophilic species with optimal growth temperature at 40-60 °C. During the 2,5 month period the casing was unprotected in high corrosive environment and bacteria and iron oxides, iron sulphides (FeS) and iron-copper sulphides (FeCuS2) were identified suspected to have caused the obstruction. The H2S formation was likely caused by a combination of biological FeS and CuFeS2 formation (due to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion; MIC) and the release of H2S by the addition of acid during cleaning. To prevent this type of issues biocide treatment was applied, however, further investigation showed that microorganisms were still able to grow in the system. Identification of the microorganisms in the production water showed that several MIC related species are already present in the production water. Continuous monitoring and adjustment of kill strategies are essential for safe operation.
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Kane, R. D., and M. S. Cayard. "Roles of H2S in the Behavior of Engineering Alloys: A Review of Literature and Experience." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98274.
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Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been associated with the cause of corrosion damage and sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in high strength steels and high hardness weldments used in oil and gas production, petroleum refining, and petrochemical/chemical processing. Other applications where sulfide species have produced environmental cracking include heavy water production, electric power, marine applications and many others where sulfate reducing bacteria can flourish and oftentimes produce substantial amounts of H2S. H2S has also been associated with internal blistering, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC) of carbon steels used in refinery vessels in wet H2S service and pipelines containing sour (H2S-containing) fluids. In recent years, new stainless alloys have been implemented in lieu of conventional steels in many applications where H2S corrosion is particularly severe. These materials have been used along with chemical inhibitors to mitigate corrosion. These alloys, however, may in some cases also be susceptible to SSC, localized corrosion and anodic stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in sour environments. In this review, the behavior of carbon and low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and nickel alloys in sour environments is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the identification of the various types of H2S-related corrosion and environmental cracking that can occur, the origin and mechanisms, and the methods of control.
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Charnov, Bruce. "The Man Who Beat Amelia Earhart: The Fabulous Aviation Life of John McDonald Miller (1905 - 2008)." In Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10180.
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Inspired watching Glenn Curtiss landing to refuel on his historic 1910 flight from Albany to New York City, the almost 5-year old John McDonald "Johnny" Miller decided he wanted to be a pilot, a decision reinforced five years later in a chance encounter with famed aviatrix Ruth Law (3rd licensed woman pilot in America) at the Curtiss Flying school in Mineola, Long Island. Miller taught himself to fly in used WWI Jenny from a text by Captain Horatio Barber, a book Miller still had in his family home in Poughkeepsie, NY eighty years later. His career in aviation, begun in a $1,500 used WWI aircraft, would span eight decades and see him as an Eastern Airline pilot flying jets - a career captured in his email address adopted in his ninth decade from jennys2jets, but Miller was most famous for being the man who beat Amelia Earhart in the first transcontinental Autogiro flight in 1931 and the 1939-1940 experimental Autogiro Airmail Route between the 30th Street Post Office roof in Philadelphia and Camden, NJ. In between, Miller supported himself with maintenance work on bootleggers airplanes and airshow performances, one of which resulted in the death of 'Al' Wilson whose replica Curtiss biplane fatally crashed in a mock dogfight with Miller's PCA-2 Autogiro. Miller's career spanned 85 years and, at his death at 102 & 1/2, he was still a licensed and active pilot. He had thrilled thousands with his Autogiro exhibitions, and while he was not the first, his daring Autogiro 'loop-the-loop' never failed to have the crowd cheering and was captured in the 1935 film Ladies Crave Excitement. Miller was an outsider - not part of the Pitcairn business enterprise which championed Earhart and, from such a truly unique vantage point, was in a special position to observe and comment. His triumphant transcontinental flight in 1931 and the 1939-1940 Autogiro Airmail Route neatly bracket the age of the American Autogiro - John McDonald Miller was part that decade, and his frequent writings provide a unique record and attest to the fabulous life of this American original.
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Карпин, Владимир Александрович, and Ольга Ивановна Шувалова. "DARWIN ON LAMARCKIAN INHERITANCE EXERCISES OR NON-EXERCISE OF ORGANS." In Роль традиций и инноваций в устойчивом развитии современной науки: сборник статей международной научной конференции (Тюмень, Апрель 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230410.2023.11.73.004.
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Эволюционную теорию Ч. Дарвина противопоставляют по всем параметрам теории Ж.-Б. Ламарка. Последний в своем исследовании много внимания уделяет внутренним факторам развития. Несмотря на целый ряд явно надуманных положений, он достаточно внимания уделяет наличию и доказательствам наследования эффекта упражнения и неупражнения органов. Теория Дарвина в современном научном мире противопоставляется научным и псевдонаучным воззрениям Ламарка. Она во много носит принципиально противоположный характер: наследование признаков носит случайный характер, вызывается внешним воздействием окружающей среды и закрепляется естественным отбором. Дарвинисты категорически отрицают наследование модификационной изменчивости. Однако в своем фундаментальном труде «Происхождение видов» Дарвин неоднократно ссылается на наследование феномена усиленного упражнения или неупражнения органов, а это есть не что иное, как наследование модификационной, фенотипической изменчивости. The evolutionary theory of Ch. Darwin is opposed in all respects to the theory of J.-B. Lamarck. The latter pays a lot of attention to internal factors of development in his research. Despite a number of obviously far-fetched provisions, he pays enough attention to the presence and evidence of inheritance of the effect of exercise and non-exercise of organs. Darwin's theory in the modern scientific world is opposed to Lamarck's scientific and pseudoscientific views. It has a fundamentally opposite character in many ways: the inheritance of traits is random, caused by the external influence of the environment and is fixed by natural selection. Darwinists categorically deny inheritance of modification variability. However, in his fundamental work "The Origin of Species" Darwin repeatedly refers to the inheritance of the phenomenon of increased exercise or non-exercise of organs, and this is nothing more than the following of modification, phenotypic variability.
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Codeceira Neto, Alcides, and Pericles Pilidis. "An Assessment Method of Power Plants Using Genetic Algorithms." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0560.
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The performance assessment of power plants is a complex task, which involves many calculations. Increasing the number of plant components with the introduction of new technologies available in the international market, it increases the complexity of performance analysis of power cycles. The present paper describes a process for optimising a conventional gas turbine combined cycle power plant. In this paper the method of assessing thermal power plants takes into account the exergy method and carries out along with optimisation of the whole plant based on maximising overall plant exergetic efficiency and minimising energy loss rejected to the atmosphere. The performance assessment of power plants using the exergy method considers the overall plant exergetic efficiency and the exergy destruction in the various components of the plant. The exergy method highlights irreversibility within the plant components, and it is of particular interest in this investigation. Due to the large number of equations with many variables taking part in the whole calculation and also considering constraints imposed to some variables, a genetic algorithm is recommended as the optimisation tool for the assessment method. Genetic Algorithms are adaptive methods which may be used to solve search and optimisation problems. They are based on the genetic processes of biological organisms. Over many generations, natural populations evolve according to the principles of natural selection and “survival of the fittest”, first clearly stated by Charles Darwin in his book “The Origin of Species”. Genetic algorithms do not require complicate mathematical calculations like the evaluation of derivatives necessary to be considered in conventional optimisation techniques.
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Luarasi, Skender. "A Proposal for the PhD in Architecture: Toward the “Nocturnal Sky,” and Toggling Between Research and Practice." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.40.
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If we accept the premise that architecture is an academic discipline in addition to being a professional one, then what is its object of study? What does it mean to teach, research and know architecture, today? Such questions have a history. Gottfried Semper, for example, had similar concerns in the nineteenth century. He was critical of an over-specialized education that thwarts the creative artistic spirit, one that “kills the very faculty that is actively responsible for the perception and, equally, the creation of art.” Semper thought, instead, that the “thirst for knowledge” must assume “the character of research and active, independent activity.” The object of this activity was to find an empirical theory of style in an age of industrial reproduction. Neither pure nor abstract, this theory would consist of the “inner law” governing those “constituent parts of form that are not form itself but rather the idea, the force, the material, and the means – in other words, the basic preconditions of form.” Semper’s Style is contemporaneous with other key texts of the nineteenth century such as Marx’s Capital and Darwin’s The Origin of Species. If the former deals with the reproduction of money and the latter with the reproduction of species, Semper’s Style deals with the reproduction of culture. The model for such reproduction is nature. The very first line of his “Prolegomena” reads: The nocturnal sky shows glimmering nebulae among the splendid miracle of stars - either old extinct systems scattered throughout the universe, cosmic dust taking shape around a nucleus, or a condition in between destruction and regeneration.
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Shih, Ie-Ming. "The origin of ovarian cancer species-implications for gynecologic oncologists." In JSGO 2023. Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3802/jgo.2023.34.s2.sl1.
Full textReports on the topic "The origin of species (Darwin)"
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Lo, Li-Ta. The Origin of a New Species. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1229716.
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Stark, Jon. Testing a report. Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5555/kjafioakljhj098u89.
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Dum mia juneco mi vivis en la komunisma Orienta Eŭropo kaj tie oni instruis, ke estas du mondrigardoj: la religia kaj la scienca darvinisma. Oni instruis, ke la darvinisma koncepto estas materiisma kaj pro tio oni kutime pensas, ke Darwin estis ateisto. Sed tio tute ne estas vera. Li skribis la venontajn frazojn en sia verko „La Origino de Specioj per Natura Selektado, aŭ konservado de la plej vivkapablaj rasoj en la batalo por vivo”:
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R.E. Gaensslen and Barbara Llewellyn. Further Development and Validation of DNA-Based Methods for Species of Origin Determination and Human DNA Quantitation in Forensic Casework Specimens. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/892803.
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Gall, Graham A. E., Gideon Hulata, Eric M. Hallerman, Bernard May, and Umiel Nakdimon. Creating and Characterizing Genetic Variation in Tilapia through the Creation of an Artificial Center of Origin. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574344.bard.
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Five stocks of tilapia [oreochromis niloticus (on), red O. niloticus (ROn), O. aureus (Oa), O. mossambicus (Om), and Sarotherodon galilaeus (Sg)] were used to produce two-way (F1), three-way (3WC) and four-way crosses (4WC). Three 4WC groups, containing equal representation of all four species, formed the base population for a new synthetic stock, called an "artificial center of origin" (ACO). Four genomic maps were created using microsatellite and AFLP markers, two from a 3WC family [Om female and (Oa x ROn) male] and two from a 4WC family [(Om x Oas) females and (Sg x On) male]. Sixty-two loci segregating from the female parent of the 3WC mapped to 14 linkage groups while 214 loci from the male parent mapped to 24 linkage groups. Similarly, 131 loci segregating from the female parent of the 4WC mapped to 26 linkage groups and 118 loci from the male parent mapped to 25 linkage groups. Preliminary screening of an F2 and a 4WC family identified a number of loci associated with cold tolerance and body weight. These loci were clustered in a few linkage groups, suggesting they may be indicative of quantitative trait loci.
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Bartolino, Valerio, Birgit Koehler, and Lena Bergström, eds. Climate effects on fish in Sweden : Species-Climate Information Sheets for 32 key taxa in marine and coastal waters. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4lmlt1tq5j.
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The purpose of this publication is to summarize the state of knowledge on the effects of environmental variability and climate change for individual species and stocks based on literature review, giving species-climate information for 32 key taxa in Swedish marine and coastal waters. The report is written in English. The extent and scale of recent changes in climate due to global warming is unprecedented and causes increasing effects on ecosystems. In oceans, ongoing warming leads to, for example, increased water temperatures, decreased ice cover and effects on hydrology and water circulation patterns that can in turn influence salinity. The environmental alterations affect species distribution, biology, and hence also the delivery of marine ecosystem services and human well-being. The results of this review on the effects of environmental variability and climate change on marine taxa are presented as species-climate information sheets designed in a user-friendly format aimed to enhance accessibility for professionals spanning different fields and roles, including e.g. scientific experts, NGOs affiliates and managers. The species-climate information sheets presented here cover 32 key taxa selected among the economically and ecologically most important coastal and marine fish and crustacean species in Swedish waters. The species-wise evaluations show that climate change leads to a wide range of effects on fish, reflecting variations in their biology and physiological tolerances. The review also highlights important data and knowledge gaps for each species and life stage. Despite the high variability and prevailing uncertainties, some general patterns appeared. On a general level, most fish species in Swedish marine and coastal waters are not expected to benefit from climate change, and many risks are identified to their potential for recruitment, growth and development. Boreal, marine and cold-adapted species would be disadvantaged at Swedish latitudes. However, fish of freshwater origin adapted to warmer temperature regimes could benefit to some extent in the Baltic Sea under a warming climate. Freshwater fish could also be benefitted under further decreasing salinity in the surface water in the Baltic Sea. The resulting effects on species will not only depend on the physiological responses, but also on how the feeding conditions for fish, prey availability, the quality of essential fish habitats and many other factors will develop. A wide range of ecological factors decisive for the development of fish communities are also affected by climate change but have not been explored here, where we focused on the direct effects of warming. The sensitivity and resilience of the fish species to climate change will also depend on their present and future health and biological status. Populations exposed to prolonged and intense fishing exploitation, or affected by environmental deterioration will most likely have a lower capacity to cope with climate change effects over time. For both the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, it is important to ensure continued work to update and improve the species-climate information sheets as results from new research become available. It can also be expected that new important and relevant biological information and improved climate scenarios will emerge continuously. Continued work is therefore important to update and refine the species-climate information sheets, help filling in currently identified knowledge gaps, and extend to other species not included here. Moreover, there is need to integrate this type of species-level information into analyses of the effects of climate change at the level of communities and ecosystems to support timely mitigation and adaptation responses to the challenges of the climate change.
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Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, et al. Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228464.
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The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, a severe pest of Asian origin, has spread to Europe, North America and South America, causing significant damage to fruits, vegetables and nuts. Chemical control methods are often ineffective due to the high mobility, broad host range and resilience of the pest. Biological control, particularly using egg parasitoids, presents a promising long-term solution. The egg parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus is considered the most promising candidate for biological control, with adventive populations found in Europe and North America showing varying levels of impact on H. halys populations. Another egg parasitoid, Trissolcus mitsukurii, has also been detected in Europe and shows potential as a biological control agent. While these parasitoids are oligophagous and occasionally target non-H. halys species, their strong preference for H. halys makes them viable for biological control efforts. Ongoing introduction and redistribution efforts aim to enhance their impact on H. halys populations.
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Bartolino, Valerio, Lena Bergström, Mårten Erlandsson, and Birgit Koehler. Potential future climate change effects on Swedish fish and fisheries. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.69d4ds9ph6.
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Oceans have been warming at an unprecedented rate over the last few decades and climate change is having profound effects on biodiversity and other ecosystem services that oceans provide for human well-being. The motivation for this report is a strong need to understand the consequences of climate change on aquatic ecosystems to develop strategies to minimize the impact on fished species, fisheries and society. The introduction and first chapters of the report are based on a literature review, which summarizes the current state of knowledge about climate change in the Swedish marine and coastal areas, patterns emerging from the main climate scenarios, and potential effects on fish and fisheries. This is followed by an analysis of species environmental limits and tolerances to a warming environment, focusing on selected fish and invertebrate species of commercial relevance. Thermal safety margins show a smaller buffer for species of boreal origin including the northern shrimp, the gadoids and vendace, among others. Analyses of preferred spawning temperatures and depths enable a preliminary overview of the potential sensitivities of species to a warming environment, showing inter alia that species requiring shallow and cold waters for reproduction are likely more sensitive to the effect of warming. The report also includes a specific analysis of how changes in temperature, salinity and oxygen may affect the availability of suitable spawning and nursery habitats in the Baltic Sea. Using information from recently updated maps of potential spawning and recruitment areas in the Baltic Sea, the potential loss of reproductive grounds is evaluated in an ensemble analysis based on multiple climate scenarios. Finally, the report includes a climate risk analysis, which integrates information on the stocks' specific susceptibilities to climate change (hazard), with information on the vulnerabilities of the evaluated systems and their exposure to climate change. The integration is carried out at the level of different fishing segments (fleets) and at the level of the different coastal administrative regions in Sweden. Thus, the risk analysis aims to identify the relative distribution of climate risk among fishing fleets and geographical regions, and explores how this may develop under alternative climate scenarios. The results show that the risk ranks higher for the salmon, vendace and shrimp fisheries, while geographically, the northern Baltic Sea ranks higher in risk compared to other regions. Most importantly, the analyses show that the risk is not equally driven by hazard, vulnerability and exposure for the different fleets and regions, suggesting that no single risk-reducing approach is sufficient and appropriate across all areas and fleets. The report concludes with a gap analysis together with suggestions for next steps to improve the state of knowledge and enable more precise risk analyses in the future, as well as with summary conclusions.
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Liseroudi, M. H., O. H. Ardakani, P. K. Pedersen, R. A. Stern, J M Wood, and H. Sanei. Diagenetic and geochemical controls on H2S distribution in the Montney Formation, Peace River region, western Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329785.
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The Lower Triassic Montney Formation is a major siltstone dominated unconventional tight gas play in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). In the Peace River region, the Montney Formation contains a regionally variable amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in gas-producing wells with western Alberta's wells having the highest concentrations. Previous studies on the source and distribution of H2S in the Montney Formation mainly focused on variations of H2S concentration and its relationship with other hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gases, sulfur isotope composition of H2S, as well as organo-sulfur compounds in the Montney Formation natural gas. None of those studies, however, focused on the role of diagenetic and geochemical processes in the formation of dissolved sulfate, one of the two major ingredients of H2S formation mechanisms, and pyrite within the Montney Formation. According to the results of this study, the Montney Formation consists of two different early and late generations of sulfate minerals (anhydrite and barite), mainly formed by the Montney Formation pore water and incursion of structurally-controlled Devonian-sourced hydrothermal sulfate-rich fluids. In addition, pyrite the dominate sulfide mineral, occurred in two distinct forms as framboidal and crystalline that formed during early to late stages of diagenesis in western Alberta (WAB) and northeast British Columbia (NEBC). The concurrence of the late-stage anhydrite and barite and various types of diagenetic pyrite with high H2S concentrations, particularly in WAB, their abundance, and spatial distribution, imply a correlation between the presence of these sulfate and sulfide species and the diagenetic evolution of sulfur in the Montney Formation. The sulfur isotope composition of anhydrite/barite, H2S, and pyrite demonstrates both microbial and thermochemical sulfate reduction (MSR and TSR) controlled the diagenetic sulfur cycle of the Montney Formation. The relationship between the delta-34S values of the present-day produced gas H2S and other sulfur-bearing species from the Montney and other neighboring formations verifies a dual native and migrated TSR-derived origin for the H2S gas with substantial contributions of in situ H2S in the Montney reservoir.
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Tippery, Nicholas, Nathan Harms, Matthew Purcell, et al. Assessing the genetic diversity of Nymphoides peltata in the native and adventive range using microsatellite markers. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48222.
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Nymphoides peltata (yellow floatingheart), native to Eurasia, is an invasive plant in the USA, where it grows in relatively isolated but widespread populations. The species is capable of sexual reproduction by seed and asexual reproduction through fragmentation. Although N. peltata is recognized as a noxious weed, little is known about its geographic region of origin or its dispersal mechanisms and relative amount of genetic variation in its adventive range. We conducted a genetic analysis of N. peltata by studying 68 localities across the native range and 47 localities in the adventive range, using microsatellite markers to determine genetic variability within and among populations, and to infer regions in the native range from which invasive plants originated. A large number of sites in the USA were genetically identical to one another, and there were two predominant multilocus allele phenotypes that were distributed in the northern and southern latitudes, respectively. Additional USA sites were similar to one of the predominant genetic profiles, with greater genetic diversity in southern populations. The genetically identical sites are consistent with asexual spread, potentially via anthropogenic mechanisms. Plants across the USA range were observed to produce viable seeds, and some genetic variation could be explained by sexual reproduction. All USA plants were more similar to plants in Europe than they were to plants in Asia, indicating that the plants likely were introduced originally from Europe. The existence of two genetic clusters and their similarity to plants in different parts of Europe constitute evidence for at least two N. peltata introductions into the USA.
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Klement, Eyal, Elizabeth Howerth, William C. Wilson, et al. Exploration of the Epidemiology of a Newly Emerging Cattle-Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Israel. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697118.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In September 2006 an outbreak of 'Bluetongue like' disease struck the cattle herds in Israel. Over 100 dairy and beef cattle herds were affected. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) (an Orbivirusclosely related to bluetongue virus (BTV)), was isolated from samples collected from several herds during the outbreaks. Following are the aims of the study and summary of the results: which up until now were published in 6 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Three more articles are still under preparation: 1. To identify the origin of the virus: The virus identified was fully sequenced and compared with the sequences available in the GenBank. It appeared that while gene segment L2 was clustered with EHDV-7 isolated in Australia, most of the other segments were clustered with EHDV-6 isolates from South-Africa and Bahrain. This may suggest that the strain which affected Israel on 2006 may have been related to similar outbreaks which occurred in north-Africa at the same year and could also be a result of reassortment with an Australian strain (Wilson et al. article in preparation). Analysis of the serological results from Israel demonstrated that cows and calves were similarly positive as opposed to BTV for which seropositivity in cows was significantly higher than in calves. This finding also supports the hypothesis that the 2006 EHD outbreak in Israel was an incursive event and the virus was not present in Israel before this outbreak (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Journal, 2011) 2. To identify the vectors of this virus: In the US, Culicoides sonorensis was found as an efficient vector of EHDV as the virus was transmitted by midges fed on infected white tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileusvirginianus) to susceptible WTD (Ruder et al. Parasites and Vectors, 2012). We also examined the effect of temperature on replication of EHDV-7 in C. sonorensis and demonstrated that the time to detection of potentially competent midges decreased with increasing temperature (Ruder et al. in preparation). Although multiple attempts were made, we failed to evaluate wild-caught Culicoidesinsignisas a potential vector for EHDV-7; however, our finding that C. sonorensis is a competent vector is far more significant because this species is widespread in the U.S. As for Israeli Culicoides spp. the main species caught near farms affected during the outbreaks were C. imicolaand C. oxystoma. The vector competence studies performed in Israel were in a smaller scale than in the US due to lack of a laboratory colony of these species and due to lack of facilities to infect animals with vector borne diseases. However, we found both species to be susceptible for infection by EHDV. For C. oxystoma, 1/3 of the Culicoidesinfected were positive 11 days post feeding. 3. To identify the host and environmental factors influencing the level of exposure to EHDV, its spread and its associated morbidity: Analysis of the cattle morbidity in Israel showed that the disease resulted in an average loss of over 200 kg milk per cow in herds affected during September 2006 and 1.42% excess mortality in heavily infected herds (Kedmi et al. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010). Outbreak investigation showed that winds played a significant role in virus spread during the 2006 outbreak (Kedmi et al. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2010). Further studies showed that both sheep (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Microbiology, 2011) and wild ruminants did not play a significant role in virus spread in Israel (Kedmi et al. article in preparation). Clinical studies in WTD showed that this species is highly susceptibile to EHDV-7 infection and disease (Ruder et al. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012). Experimental infection of Holstein cattle (cows and calves) yielded subclinical viremia (Ruder et al. in preparation). The findings of this study, which resulted in 6 articles, published in peer reviewed journals and 4 more articles which are in preparation, contributed to the dairy industry in Israel by defining the main factors associated with disease spread and assessment of disease impact. In the US, we demonstrated that sufficient conditions exist for potential virus establishment if EHDV-7 were introduced. The significant knowledge gained through this study will enable better decision making regarding prevention and control measures for EHDV and similar viruses, such as BTV.