Academic literature on the topic 'Thermodynamics – Tables'

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Journal articles on the topic "Thermodynamics – Tables"

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Ngo, C. C., and F. C. Lai. "Web-based Thermodynamics Tables Wizard." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 10, no. 3 (2002): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.10022.

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Yarong, Wang, and Wang Peirong. "Analysis of the adiabatic process by using the thermodynamic property diagram of water vapor." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 03055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125203055.

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In the steam power plant, the working medium used for energy transformation is water vapor. The thermodynamic properties of water vapor are usually obtained by using water vapor tables and charts. Adiabatic process of water vapor is widespread in engineering applications. The adiabatic process is realized without heat addition or rejection and the entropy of the working medium during a reversible adiabatic process remains constant. During an adiabatic expansion process, superheated steam turns into saturated vapor , and further into wet vapor, the pressure and the temperature of the steam decreases. The entropy during a irreversible adiabatic process increases. In general, when analyzing the thermodynamic process of water vapor, we first determine the state parameters by using charts and tables, and then make relevant calculations according to the first law of thermodynamics.
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Wang, Yarong, and Peirong Wang. "Analysis of thermodynamic process of water vapor in boiler." E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 02043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125202043.

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In steam power plant, the working medium used for energy transformation is water vapor. The generation process of water vapor has experienced three stages: pre-heat, vaporization and superheat stage. There are five states in the process. They are sub-cooled liquid, saturated water, saturated liquid-vapour mixture, saturated vapor and superheated vapor. The thermodynamic properties of each state are usually obtained by using water vapor tables and charts. The constant pressure process of water vapor is very common in engineering application. In general, we first determine the state parameters by using charts and tables, and then make relevant calculations according to the first law of thermodynamics.
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Alberty, Robert A. "Recommendations for Nomenclature and Tables in Biochemical Thermodynamics." European Journal of Biochemistry 240, no. 1 (1996): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0001h.x.

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Gourde, Riley M., and Ben Akih-Kumgeh. "A Matlab program for the determination of thermodynamic properties of steam." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 45, no. 3 (2017): 228–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306419016682146.

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An introductory course in thermodynamics seeks to acquaint students with the laws of thermodynamics and to enable them to analyze energy transformations in various engineering systems. The latter requires knowledge of temperature and possibly pressure-dependent thermodynamic properties of the materials involved. These are often made available to students in tabular or graphical form. This work presents a computer program that allows for a more convenient determination of thermodynamic properties of steam at a given state. The MATLAB graphical user interface is based on correlations of the properties from a published source. The development process presents a learning opportunity for the student involved and the various equations and program structure are documented in a user manual that allows the user to gain further insight into the computer-generated thermodynamic data. The program is evaluated by comparing predicted values of thermodynamic properties with the corresponding values from thermodynamic tables and it is found that the quantities are generally well predicted to within an average difference of less than a percent. It is further demonstrated how the program can be used to solve a textbook problem on the Rankine cycle. This program has the potential to enrich the learning experience in thermodynamic classes for chemical and mechanical engineering students.
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Alberty, Robert A. "Recommendations for nomenclature and tables in biochemical thermodynamics (IUPAC Recommendations 1994)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 66, no. 8 (1994): 1641–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199466081641.

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Jagers op Akkerhuis, Gerard A. J. M. "General Laws and Centripetal Science." European Review 22, S1 (2014): S113—S144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279871300080x.

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The large number of discoveries in the last few decades has caused a scientific crisis that is characterised by overspecialisation and compartmentalisation. To deal with this crisis, scientists look for integrating approaches, such as general laws and unifying theories. Representing what can be considered a general form law, the operator hierarchy is used here as a bridge between existing integrating approaches, including: a cosmic timeline, hierarchy and ontology, a periodic table of periodic tables, the unification of evolutionary processes, a general evolution concept, and general aspects of thermodynamics. At the end of the paper an inventory of unifying concepts is presented in the form of a cross table. The study ends with a discussion of major integrating principles in science.
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Montes Rivera, Martín, Marving Omar Aguilar Justo, and Alberto Ochoa Zezzatti. "Equations for Describing Behavior Tables in Thermodynamics Using Genetic Programming: Synthesizing the Saturated Water and Steam Table." Research in Computing Science 122, no. 1 (2016): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13053/rcs-122-1-1.

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Huang, Bin, and Yu Xing Peng. "Clustering Columns of the Wide-Table in Cloud Computing." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5129.

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Various data-centric web applications are becoming the developing trend of information society. Cloud computing currently adopt column-oriented storage wide table to represent the heterogeneous structured data of these applications. The wide table reduces the waste of storage space, but slows down query efficiency. The paper implements the hybrid partition on access frequent (HPAF) to horizontally and vertically partition a wide table. It uses a variant of consistent hashing to dynamically horizontally partition a wide table across multiple storage nodes on each node’s performance; It use entropy to represent the number of reducing access data block from the table with N columns than from N column-oriented storage tables. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the paper designs an entropy increasing clustering algorithm to classify the columns of a wide table. The algorithm finds a cluster with multiple classes which save maximum access time. The paper implements an algorithm for structured query across multiple materialized views too. Lastly the paper demonstrates the query performance and storage efficiency of our strategy compared to single column storage.
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Cronemberger, P. O., E. P. Lima Jr., J. A. M. Gois, and A. B. Caldeira. "THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INTERIOR BALLISTICS OF A RIFLE 7.62." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 13, no. 2 (2014): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v13i2.62089.

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This study aims to examine theoretically and experimentally the interior ballistics of a rifle 7.62. Three theoretical methods are employed: the Vallier-Heydenreich, which is based on empirical data tables; the lumped parameters that is represented by a differential-algebraic system of equations, describing the propellant combustion, the thermodynamics of the gas inside the gun and the projectile dynamics; and the commercial software PRODAS. The theoretical solutions furnish the pressure, the projectile velocity and the projectile position inside the gun, the maximum pressure,the muzzle velocity and the total time of the interior ballistics. The experiments measure the pressure along of the time and the projectile velocity at seven meters ahead of the barrel. The proposed lumped parameter model indicates alternatives to model the energy lost and the resistance pressure functions. The theoretical solutions are compared with experiments. A thermodynamics analysis of the energy conversion in the gun is provided. The results are analyzed and the relevance of each method is highlighted.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Thermodynamics – Tables"

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Jabbari, E. "Thermodynamic calculations with TK!Solver." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90944.

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The objective of this research was to apply the TK!Solver program for thermodynamic calculations. The TK!Solver program is equation-solving software that can solve both linear and non-linear sets of equations. To achieve the above objective, six programs have been developed. Program ESTATE.TK calculates volumetric properties of compounds using the ideal gas law, Pitzer correlation, van der Waals, Redlich-Kwong, Dieterici, or Berthelot equation of state. The volumetric properties include temperature, pressure, volume, and compressibility factor. Program RESIDUAL.TK calculates residual and total properties of compounds as a function of temperature and pressure using the Pitzer correlation, van der Waals, or Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The residual and total properties include residual volume, residual internal energy, residual enthalpy, and residual entropy. Program FRENERGY.TK calculates standard free energy of formation, standard enthalpy of formation, and standard entropy of formation for a compound or a reaction as a function of temperature. This program also calculates the equilibrium constant for a reaction as a function of temperature. Program CHON.TK calculates the equilibrium composition for an adiabatic or non-adiabatic reactor as a function of the temperature and pressure of the reactor, hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio, and nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio in the feed. The feed to the reactor consists of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The products of the reactor are methane, water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Program CRITICAL.TK furnishes critical data for more than fifty compounds. The critical data includes critical temperature, critical pressure, critical volume, critical compressibility factor, and the acentric factor. Programs ESTATE.TR and RESIDUAL.TK have access to data file CRITICAL.TK for state property calculations. Program DATBANK1.TK supplies heat capacity data, heat of formation, and entropy of formation data for more than one hundred compounds. Programs RESIDUAL.TK and FRENERGY.TK have access to data file DATBANK1.TK for enthalpy and entropy calculations. These six programs may be considered as a basis for an "expert" system for thermodynamic calculations. Data can be easily added to extend the calculations to include additional compounds.<br>M.S.
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Benge, G. Gregory. "A comparison of thermodynamic models for the prediction of phase behavior in aqueous-polymer two-phase systems." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90936.

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Aqueous-polymer two-phase systems consist of various combinations of water, polymer(s), low molecular weight component(s), and salts. These aqueous-polymer systems are comprised of two phases, each of which contains about 90 percent (by weight) water. Due to some very unique properties, these systems have been applied to separations involving biological molecules for at least a quarter of a century. In particular, these systems are inexpensive, efficient, and provide a mild (aqueous) and possibly stabilizing environment for fragile biologically-active molecules. These systems may also be designed for a high degree of selectivity. Although much effort has been expended in the area of polymer solution theory, the theory of why these systems exhibit this extraordinary two-phase behavior that characterizes them as viable liquid-liquid extraction systems for use with biologically-active molecules is not completely understood. A thermodynamic model which could accurately represent the phase equilibria exhibited by these systems would be useful for the design of systems for use in many different applications. A potpourri of thermodynamic models and their underlying theoretical structure have been critically studied for their particular application to predicting the phase behavior of aqueouspolymer two-phase systems. In particular, the Flory-Huggins model is reviewed (with discussion of its inadequacies and subsequent modifications); the theory of Ogston; the model by Heil; several local composition models (NRTL, Wilson, and UNIQUAC); and two group-contribution models (ASOG and UNIFAC) are all discussed. The development of a solvent-electrolyte model (Chen's model) based on local composition theory (in particular the NRTL model) is reviewed, and the subsequent possible modification of this theory for solvent-polymer-electrolyte systems is discussed. The pros and cons of each model are discussed and qualitative results are given. Quantitative comparisons with experimental data are made with several of these models when appropriate data are available. The main conclusions of this work are: 1. A major limitation to the modeling of these aqueous-polymer two-phase systems is the lack of experimental data. Sufficient, accurate data is needed for the reduction of meaningful thermodynamic parameters by which thermodynamic models can be tested for their applicability. There exists a definite need for the generation of accurate, meaningful thermodynamic data from well characterized systems. 2. The most promising model identified in this work is the theory of Ogston. First, the model is based on the virial expansion and is thus quite suitable for dilute solutions. The Ogston model is the simplest theoretically-relevant dilute-solution model. Second, it appears to be easily extended to solvent-polymer-electrolyte solutions. 3. The Flory equation of state approach appears to be promising for representing polymer solutions. The free volume dissimilarity effect on which it is based is extremely important for solvent-polymer solutions. The most important aspect of this theory is its ability to predict lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior -- for which the Flory-Huggins theory is totally inadequate.<br>M.S.
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Books on the topic "Thermodynamics – Tables"

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Balmer, Robert T. Thermodynamic tables to accompany Modern engineering thermodynamics. Boston, 2011.

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LIPIDAT: A database of thermodynamic data and associated information on lipid mesomorphic and polymorphic transitions. CRC Press, 1993.

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Handbook of thermodynamic tables. 2nd ed. Begell House, 1995.

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D, Cox J., Wagman Donald D, and Medvedev V. A, eds. CODATA key values for thermodynamics. Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1989.

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1927-, Wark Kenneth, ed. Tables and figures to accompany Thermodynamics. McGraw Hill, 1988.

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1923-, Garvin David, Parker Vivian B, White Howard J, and CODATA Task Group on Chemical Thermodynamic Tables., eds. CODATA thermodynamic tables: Selections for some compounds of calcium and related mixtures : a prototype set of tables. Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1987.

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Haywood, R. W. Thermodynamic tables in SI (metric) units: (système international d'unités) : with conversion factors to other metric and British units. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Haywood, R. W. Thermodynamic tables in SI (metric) units (système international d'unités): With conversion factors to other metric and British units. 3rd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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1919-, Westrum Edgar F., and Sinke Gerard C. 1911-, eds. The chemical thermodynamics of organic compounds. Krieger, 1987.

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Yahya, S. M. Gas tables for compressible flow calculations. 5th ed. New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Thermodynamics – Tables"

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Fisenko, Anatoliy I., and Vladimir F. Lemberg. "Thermodynamics of Black-Body Radiation in a Finite Spectral Range." In Black-body Radiative, Thermodynamic, and Chromatic Functions: Tables in Finite Spectral Ranges. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38995-0_2.

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Cibulka, I., J. C. Fontaine, K. Sosnkowska-Kehiaian, and H. V. Kehiaian. "Tables on Thermodynamic Properties." In Binary Liquid Systems of Nonelectrolytes III. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22852-0_3.

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Cibulka, I., J. C. Fontaine, K. Sosnkowska-Kehiaian, and H. V. Kehiaian. "Tables on Thermodynamic Properties." In Binary Liquid Systems of Nonelectrolytes II. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23277-0_3.

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Cibulka, I., J. C. Fontaine, K. Sosnkowska-Kehiaian, and H. V. Kehiaian. "Tables on Thermodynamic Properties." In Binary Liquid Systems of Nonelectrolytes I. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02935-6_3.

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Kretzschmar, Hans-Joachim, and Wolfgang Wagner. "IAPWS Industrial Formulation 1997 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam." In International Steam Tables. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53219-5_3.

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Holze, R. "Table 2.1. Cell voltages with aqueous electrolyte systems." In Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45316-1_10.

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Holze, R. "Table 2.2. Cell voltages with nonaqueous electrolyte systems." In Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45316-1_11.

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Holze, R. "Table 1.5. Formal potentials of organic redox systems." In Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45316-1_7.

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Holze, R. "Table 2.3. Cell voltages with molten salt electrolyte systems." In Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45316-1_12.

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Holze, R. "Table 2.4. Cell voltages with solid state electrolyte systems." In Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45316-1_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Thermodynamics – Tables"

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Karimi, Amir. "Using Excel for the Thermodynamic Analysis of Air-Standard Cycles and Combustion Processes." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11722.

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In an undergraduate course or a course-sequence in thermodynamics mechanical engineering students are introduced to air-standard power cycles, refrigeration cycles, and the fundamentals of combustion processes. The analysis of air-standard thermodynamic cycles or solving problems involving combustion processes requires the evaluation of thermodynamic properties either from ideal gas tables or equations developed based on the assumption of constant specific heats. Many students have a difficult time to distinguish the differences between the two property evaluation methods. Also, solving problems involving power and refrigeration cycles or parametric studies of combustion processes involve several steps of property evaluation and some steps require interpolation of data listed in the thermodynamic property tables. Also solution to problems requiring trial and error iterative procedure makes the solution process tedious and time consuming, if it is done manually. This paper provides several examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of Excel in solving problems involving air-standard cycles and combustion processes.
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Volino, Ralph J. "A MATLAB Based Set of Functions for Finding Thermodynamic Properties and Solving Gas Turbine and Other Thermodynamics Problems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82041.

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Abstract A new set of MATLAB based functions have been written for providing fluid property data and solving thermodynamics problems. One function utilizes NIST property tables for pure real fluids (e.g. water, various refrigerants, propane, etc.), and provides desired properties when provided with any two other independent properties. Properties can be obtained for liquids, vapors, and two-phase mixtures. Another function provides properties for a range of pure ideal gases using NASA functions for specific heats. Enthalpies are referenced to include the heat of formation, so the function is useful for solving combustion problems. A third function utilizes the ideal gas function to provide ideal gas properties for dry air, assuming a mixture of 78% N2, 21% O2, and 1% Ar by volume. A fourth function uses the air and real fluid functions to provide properties for moist air. Additional functions are available to generate property plots. All functions can be used with the SI or the U.S. Customary unit systems. The functions are described, and examples are provided in which they are used to solve thermodynamics problems. When used in conjunction with built-in MATLAB commands, the new functions are useful for parametric and optimization studies. The full package, including function codes and data files, requires 2.5 MB of disk space and is available at no cost.
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Lopez, Guido W. "Cutting Computation Time and Mastering the Underlying Science of Introductory Thermodynamics." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33959.

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Traditionally, the teaching and learning of introductory undergraduate Thermodynamics in Mechanical Engineering programs stressed the manipulation of formulas and the use of property tables. At present, the use of computer-based instruction is becoming more common in the classroom and it is proving to be a valuable tool for enhancing the educational experience of students. In teaching Thermodynamics, for example, much of the tedious manipulative and computational work encountered while solving problems can now be effectively and quickly executed by computer software. This approach leaves ample time for instructors to emphasize concepts and principles instead of procedures, and to foster an environment that helps students to master the underlying science of the discipline while minimizing computational burden. A comparative study between teaching introductory Thermodynamics using a traditional approach versus using the software EES (acronym for Engineering Equation Solver) as a computational tool is presented in this paper. A statistical comparison of academic performance in introductory Thermodynamics between two groups of engineering students of comparable academic level and capability but enrolled in different schools is also part of this study. Qualitative and quantitative results suggest that students can achieve a clearer understanding of concepts, definitions and principles of introductory Thermodynamics when using computer software as a tool in their learning process.
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Paolini, Christopher P., and Subrata Bhattacharjee. "The IGE Model: An Extension of the Ideal Gas Model to Include Chemical Composition as Part of the Equilibrium State." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40762.

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The TEST (The Expert System for Thermodynamics, www.thermofluids.net) web portal is a comprehensive thermodynamic courseware consisting of multimedia problems and examples, an online solution manual for educators, traditional thermodynamic charts and tables, fifteen chapters of animations to illustrate thermodynamic systems and fundamental concepts, and a suite of thermodynamic calculators called daemons for evaluating thermodynamic properties and analyzing thermodynamic problems.. The state module offers Java applets for evaluation of thermodynamic states of different working substances grouped into several material models according to underlying assumptions. Gas mixtures are modeled by the perfect gas (PG) or ideal gas (IG) mixture models. In this work, we extend the IG model mixture model into an ideal gas equilibrium (IGE) mixture model by incorporating chemical equilibrium calculations as part of the state evaluation process. Through a simple graphical interface users can set the atomic composition of a gas mixture. In the state panel, the known thermodynamic properties are entered. For a given pressure and temperature, the mixture’s Gibbs function is minimized subject to atomic constraints and the equilibrium composition along with thermodynamic properties of the mixture are calculated and displayed. What is unique about this approach is that equilibrium computations are performed in the background, without requiring any major change in the familiar user interface used in other state daemons. Properties calculated by this equilibrium state daemon are compared with results from other established applications such as NASA CEA and STANJAN. Also, two different algorithms, an iterative approach and a direct approach based on minimizing different thermodynamic functions in different situation are compared.
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Karimi, Amir, Karen McGill, and Randall D. Manteufel. "Behavior of Internal Energy and Enthalpy of Fluids Along Isotherms and Isentropic Lines in the Compressed Liquid Region." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88392.

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It is a common practice to approximate the thermodynamics properties of fluids in the compressed liquid regions from their saturation properties. Most thermodynamics textbooks state that the specific volume, specific internal energy, and specific entropy in the compressed liquid region are functions of temperature only and are independent of pressure. Therefore, compressed liquid property tables are not provided for any substance, except for water, and compressed liquid properties are approximated by their saturated liquid properties at a given temperature. Recent examination of current practice in approximating compressed liquid properties has shown that the internal energy of fluids exhibits growing dependency on pressure with increases in temperature. This paper compares the behavior of internal energy and enthalpy four compressed fluids along isotherms with those behaviors along isentropic lines. Water, ammonia, methane, and propane are examined in this study. It is shown that effects of pressure on the internal energy and enthalpy of compressed liquids are much lower along isentropic lines than those along isotherms.
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Pascual, Christopher C. "Capstone Thermal System Design Project Using Engineering Equation Solver (EES)." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61634.

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The capstone thermal system design course at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo has been modified to reinforce fundamental concepts in introductory fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and thermodynamics through a quarter-long design project. Through the use of Engineering Equation Solver (EES), the computational effort of thermal design is reduced; because EES has built-in thermophysical properties for most common solids, liquids, and gasses. As a result, the students can focus on design iterations and not on interpolation of property tables. At the end of the quarter, the students present their design to panelists who evaluate their design based on expected cost. In the past three years, the students have designed a hydronic snow-melting system, a ground source heat pump system for a small office building, a radiant heating system for a greenhouse, and a refrigeration system for an ice rink.
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Pothier, Stephen G., and David Chichka. "A Curious Result: A Combined Heat-Pump and Rankine Cycle Which Supplies Work and Cold Air to the Ambient." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12564.

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The Kelvin-Plank statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics states that work cannot be taken from a constant temperature reservoir without putting energy in first. This means a device cannot be built that produces work from ambient air temperature without a constant supply of work or heat into the device. However, this paper presents the analysis of a particular coupling of two cycles that appears to do just that. The machine combines two thermodynamically matched cycles: a heat-pump cycle and a Rankine cycle. Each cycle runs the other, with the net result being shaft work available to the ambient and an exhaust product of cold air. The only input to the machine is 12°C air from the ambient atmosphere. The heat-pump uses ammonia as the working fluid, absorbing heat from ambient atmosphere and supplying heat to the Rankine engine boiler. The Rankine cycle expansion engine uses propane as the working fluid, and supplies shaft work to power the heat-pump compressor. Using standard, well-known analysis, the net result is a machine that, once started, supplies work and cold air to the ambient with no further work input. Under ideal analysis, the heat-pump operates with a coefficient of performance of 6.85 and the Rankine cycle operates with an efficiency of 21%. Multiplying these gives a combined cycle efficiency of 1.44. The heat-pump superheater operates at an average temperature of −44°C, with a mass flow rate of 1.00 kg/s. It absorbs 106 kW of heat from ambient temperature air and supplies that heat to the Rankine cycle boiler. The Rankine cycle expansion engine has a mass flow rate of 2.51 kg/s, and produces 364 kW of work. Of this, 254 kW is supplied to the heat-pump compressor, 4 kW to the Rankine cycle feed-pump, and the remaining 106 kW of work to the ambient. This equals the heat extracted from the ambient; there is no unexplained creation of energy. All analysis was performed from standard engineering text books, and all thermodynamic data was taken from common industry charts. The cycles are common and well known, and the temperatures, pressures, and expansion ratios well within believable values. The analysis has been peer reviewed and no errors found. Yet when these two cycles with these two working fluids are combined, the result is net work to the environment and cold air, with no work or heat input. The authors do not believe the second law is flawed. We expect an error will be discovered, either in our analysis or in the thermodynamic tables of the two fluids that we used. We present the analysis and result in the hopes of having the error pointed out.
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Barbieri, Enrico Saverio, Mirko Morini, and Michele Pinelli. "Development of a Model for the Simulation of Organic Rankine Cycles Based on Group Contribution Techniques." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45616.

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Many industrial sectors and applications are characterized by the availability of low enthalpy thermal sources with temperatures lower than 400 °C, such as the ones deriving from both industrial processes (e.g. combustion products from gas turbines and internal combustion engines, technological processes and cooling systems) and renewable sources (e.g. solar and geothermal energy). The usual systems for the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical and/or electrical energy work due to the high temperature difference available between the source (i.e., combustion products) and the sink (i.e., the ambient). The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a promising process for conversion of heat at low and medium temperature to electricity. An ORC system works like a Clausius–Rankine steam power plant but uses an organic working fluid instead of water. A certain challenge is the choice of the organic working fluid and of the particular design of the cycle. The process should have high thermal efficiency and allow a high coefficient of utilization of the available heat source. Moreover, the working fluid should fulfill safety criteria, it should be environmentally friendly, and allow low cost for the power plant. An important aspect for the choice of the working fluid is also the temperature of the available heat source, which can range from low (about 100 °C) to medium temperatures (about 350 °C). In this paper, a model for the simulation of Organic Rankine Cycles is presented. The model is based on thermodynamics tables for the calculation of fluid properties and the Lee-Kesler method for the calculation of specific heat. Six commonly used working fluids (propane, butane, benzene, toluene, R134a and R123) are considered. Both saturated and superheated cycles are evaluated. A sensitivity analysis of the main process parameters is performed. Finally, the model is applied to a micro gas turbine/ORC combined cycle.
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Cumpsty, N. A., and A. J. Marquis. "An Approximate Method to Obtain Thermodynamic Gas Properties for Use in Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26205.

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The calculation of the performance of gas turbines, turbochargers, compressors and turbines requires the thermodynamic properties of the gases. Tables of properties exist which are effectively exact, but using these tables is tedious and far from practical in computer-based calculations. Representing tabulated results with polynomial approximations is inconvenient and prone to error in implementation. For teaching and simple calculations simple approximations, such as γ = 1.4 for unburned air and γ = 1.3 for combustion products, are sometimes used, but this is far from wholly satisfactory. This paper describes and discusses a simple empirical approach which will give adequate accuracy for many purposes but is simple enough to be used as part of an educational course.
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Jialu, Yan, Liu Ming, and Yang Yushun. "On the Thermodynamic Properties of Combustion Gases." In ASME 1985 Beijing International Gas Turbine Symposium and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/85-igt-26.

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In this paper, a linear correction method of deviation function and an interpolation method have been proposed to consider the real gas effect of combustion gases and the variety of hydrocarbon fuel. And, the thermodynamic properties of combustion gases in dissociated states are calculated to 4000K on the basis of chemical equilibrium theory. The whole work has resulted in compiling a new combustion gas table.
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Reports on the topic "Thermodynamics – Tables"

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Phillips, S. L., F. V. Hale, and L. F. Silvester. THERMODYNAMIC TABLES FOR NUCLEAR WASTE ISOLATION, V.1: AQUEOUSSOLUTIONS DATABASE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/929657.

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