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Journal articles on the topic 'Tilt sensing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Luczak, Sergiusz, Waldemar Oleksiuk, and Maciej Bodnicki. "Sensing Tilt With MEMS Accelerometers." IEEE Sensors Journal 6, no. 6 (2006): 1669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2006.881433.

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Łuczak, Sergiusz, and Magdalena Ekwińska. "Electric-Contact Tilt Sensors: A Review." Sensors 21, no. 4 (2021): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041097.

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A review of various kinds of solid tilts sensors, using a free mechanical member for generation of electric-contact (mostly a ball), is presented. Standard and original solutions are discussed. The latest patents are described. A classification of the existing solutions with respect to their sensing principle is proposed. Possible types of the electric/electronic circuits are discussed. Advantages of these sensors are emphasized: mainly optional operation without power supply, resistance to electrostatic discharges, and simplicity of signal processing. Technological details are briefly introduced, along with miniaturization prospects. Additionally, liquid tilt sensors are succinctly characterized. The most typical tilt sensing techniques are concisely compared.

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Ragazzoni, Roberto, and Sergio R. Restaino. "An all-refractive optics for tilt sensing." Optics Communications 137, no. 1-3 (1997): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(97)82007-x.

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Yu, Hongbin, Bin Guo, Kuruveettil Haridas, et al. "Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer based tilt sensing." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 15 (2012): 153502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757998.

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Tan, Pei Ying, Kin Sam Yen, Fauziah Ahmad, and Mani Maran Ratnam. "Two-axes tilt sensing using circular gratings moiré." Optical Engineering 58, no. 04 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.58.4.044103.

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Deprez, M., C. Bellanger, L. Lombard, B. Wattellier, and J. Primot. "Piston and tilt interferometry for segmented wavefront sensing." Optics Letters 41, no. 6 (2016): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.41.001078.

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Li, Sijia, Chi-Lin Chen, and Kenneth J. Loh. "Laboratory Evaluation of Railroad Crosslevel Tilt Sensing Using Electrical Time Domain Reflectometry." Sensors 20, no. 16 (2020): 4470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164470.

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Crosslevel is defined as the difference in elevation between the top surface of two railroad tracks. Severe changes in crosslevel, for example, due to earthquakes, ground settlement, or crushed ballasts, affect track geometry and can cause train derailment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to monitoring railroad crosslevel by using electrical time domain reflectometry (ETDR) to simultaneously interrogate multiple capacitive tilt sensor prototypes connected in a transmission line. ETDR works by propagating an electrical pulse signal from one end of the transmission line and then monitoring the characteristics of each reflected pulse, which is affected by the capacitance (or tilt) of the sensors. This study begins with a discussion of the capacitive tilt sensor’s design. These 3D-printed sensors were tested to characterize their tilt sensing performance. Then, multiple tilt sensors were connected in a transmission line and interrogated by ETDR. The ability to use ETDR to multiplex and interrogate sensors subjected to different angles of tilt was validated.

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Liu, Kang, Zhiyu Jiang, Mingliang Xu, Matjaz Perc, and Xuelong Li. "Tilt Correction Toward Building Detection of Remote Sensing Images." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 14 (2021): 5854–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2021.3083481.

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Zheng, Yong Hong, Shi Liu Peng, and Hong Wei Wang. "Integrated Design of Detecting Circuit in Convection-Based Tilt Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2752.

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Detecting circuit consists of both a sensing circuit and a compensating circuit. Using digital amplification and filtration, detected signals were input to SCM with high-accuracy data acquisition. SMC substituted for a sensing circuit and a compensating circuit, an integration of design of structure was achieved. Volume of sensor is diminished obviously. Simultaneously, zero drift is decreased under ensuring high sensitivity and resolution ratio. Integrated design also enlarges the range of work temperature, and reduces cost of products.

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Liu, Zhihua, Chenguang Cai, Ming Yang, and Ying Zhang. "Testing of a MEMS Dynamic Inclinometer Using the Stewart Platform." Sensors 19, no. 19 (2019): 4233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194233.

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The micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) dynamic inclinometer integrates a tri-axis gyroscope and a tri-axis accelerometer for real-time tilt measurement. The Stewart platform has the ability to generate six degrees of freedom of spatial orbits. The method of applying spatial orbits to the testing of MEMS inclinometers is investigated. Inverse and forward kinematics are analyzed for controlling and measuring the position and orientation of the Stewart platform. The Stewart platform is controlled to generate a conical motion, based on which the sensitivities of the gyroscope, accelerometer, and tilt sensing are determined. Spatial positional orbits are also generated in order to obtain the tilt angles caused by the cross-coupling influence. The experiment is conducted to show that the tested amplitude frequency deviations of the gyroscope and tilt sensing sensitivities between the Stewart platform and the traditional rotator are less than 0.2 dB and 0.1 dB, respectively.

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Liu, Yan, Yongjian Feng, Xinglin Sun, et al. "Integrated tilt angle sensing for large displacement scanning MEMS mirrors." Optics Express 26, no. 20 (2018): 25736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.025736.

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Qin, Shun, and Wai Kin Chan. "A Tip–Tilt and Piston Detection Approach for Segmented Telescopes." Photonics 8, no. 1 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8010003.

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Accurate segmented mirror wavefront sensing and control is essential for next-generation large aperture telescope system design. In this paper, a direct tip–tilt and piston error detection technique based on model-based phase retrieval with multiple defocused images is proposed for segmented mirror wavefront sensing. In our technique, the tip–tilt and piston error are represented by a basis consisting of three basic plane functions with respect to the x, y, and z axis so that they can be parameterized by the coefficients of these bases; the coefficients then are solved by a non-linear optimization method with the defocus multi-images. Simulation results show that the proposed technique is capable of measuring high dynamic range wavefront error reaching 7λ, while resulting in high detection accuracy. The algorithm is demonstrated as robust to noise by introducing phase parameterization. In comparison, the proposed tip–tilt and piston error detection approach is much easier to implement than many existing methods, which usually introduce extra sensors and devices, as it is a technique based on multiple images. These characteristics make it promising for the application of wavefront sensing and control in next-generation large aperture telescopes.

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Xue, Yuan, and Siyuan He. "A tilt compensation system for translation micromirror." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 8 (2018): 168781401878978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018789781.

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A tilt compensation system is presented in this article to compensate the tilt in the translation micromirror used in miniaturized Fourier transform infrared spectrometers. This compensation system can not only be used for the micromirror tested in this article but also be applicable to any translation micromirror with undesired tilt about one fixed axis. The compensation system consists of only a compensation micromirror and a reflecting mirror. The compensation micromirror rotates an angle of the same magnitude and same direction as the translation micromirror’s tilt. The compensation micromirror has its rotation axis parallel to the tilting axis of the translation micromirror, which is identified using a position sensing detector–based setup introduced in the article. Experimental results show the tilt of the translation micromirror can be compensated to 0.026° from the original tilt of 0.24°.

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Peng, LIU, HUANG Zheng-jun, LI Yong, SONG San-hong, YU Guo, and XIE Mo-wen. "Landslide Emergency Monitoring and Early Warning Based on Situation Awareness Sensing." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 04030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817504030.

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Compared with the traditional landslide monitoring and early warning technology, landslide emergency monitoring and early warning based on situation awareness sensing has the advantages of active sensing, real-time online diagnosis, combination of timing and triggering acquisition and monitoring. Through the comparison and analysis of the engineering application and traditional technology, this paper shows that the system applies the concept of situation awareness to the field of landslide emergency monitoring effectively and accurately. Besides, the vibration and tilt change of the landslide deformation body is obviously earlier than that of displacement, so it is better to monitor the vibration and tilt change of the landslide deformation body than the change of the displacement of the landslide deformation body.

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Wipf, Terry J. "Use of tilt sensing equipment for monitoring long-term bridge movement." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 18, no. 6 (1991): 1033–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l91-126.

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Accurate monitoring of long-term movements in bridges can be difficult primarily because of the relatively long time period over which the movements occur and inadequate instrumentation and technique. A stable reference point for measurements is difficult to obtain over these long time periods. Two bridges were monitored for long-term structural movement; the results are presented here. Instrumentation including temperature transducers and tilt sensors placed on and near piers determined the pier movement. The results of the study indicate that a superstructure expansion pier on one of the bridges monitored actually behaved as a fixed pier. The equipment used in the study, including data acquisition components and tilt sensors, proved reliable and accurate. Key words: bridges, girder, field tests, foundations, measurement instruments, piers, structural engineering.

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TARYANA, NANDANG, DECY NATALIANA, and ALFIE RIZKY ANANDA. "Pendeteksi Sikap pada Model Wahana Terbang menggunakan Inertial Measurement Unit." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 3, no. 1 (2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v3i1.16.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang aplikasi dari sensor gyroscope dan accelerometer yang merupakan komponen penyusun alat ukur inersial (inertial measurement unit) untuk mendeteksi sikap (attitude) pada wahana terbang tanpa awak. Sikap (attitude) memberikan 3 (tiga) informasi yaitu roll, pitch dan yaw. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah alat pendeteksi sikap (attitude) sudah layak atau tidak digunakan pada wahana terbang yang akan di-modelkan yaitu dengan cara merancang sistem pengukuran/pendeteksi serta monitoring sikap (attitude) menggunakan software LabVIEW. Metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi kemiringan attitude merupakan pengabungan hasil pengukuran dari gyroscope dan accelerometer. Pengujian alat pendeteksi sikap dilakukan dengan cara mensimulasikan kinematika pergerakan wahana terbang. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, alat pendeteksi sikap sudah layak digunakan pada wahana terbang Hal ini sesuai dengan simpangan rata – rata yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran rotasi pada sumbu x (roll) sebesar 0,58 o, rotasi pada sumbu y (pitch) sebesar 0,53 o dan rotasi pada sumbu z (yaw) sebesar 7,64 o.Kata kunci: Gyroscope, Accelerometer, Inertial Measurement Unit, attitude ABSTRACTThis journal elaborate the aplication of a gyroscope and accelerometer from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) for sensing attitude on an aircraft. Attitude give 3 (three) basic informations, that information are roll, pitch and yaw. The purpose of this journal is to analys if the attitude sensing device are suitble to be used on a model aircraft. This journal are designing measurement system and monitoring using software from LabVIEW. The method used to detect roll, pitch and yaw is combination from the measurement of gyroscope and accelerometer. The testing of the attitude sensing device by simulating the kinematics of an aircraft. The results shows that the attude sensing device are qualified for sensing tilt angle for x-axis (roll) with standard deviation 0,58 o, sensing tilt angle for y-axis (pitch) with standard deviation 0.53 o and sensing tilit angle for z (axis) with standar deviation 7,64 o.Keyword: Gyroscope, Accelerometer, Inertial Measurement Unit, attitude

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Kallweit, David, and Hans Zappe. "Fabrication of bulk-Si micromirrors with an integrated tilt sensing mechanism." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 16, no. 2 (2006): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/16/2/033.

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Tseng, V. F. G., and H. Xie. "Simultaneous piston position and tilt angle sensing for large vertical displacement micromirrors by frequency detection inductive sensing." Applied Physics Letters 107, no. 21 (2015): 214102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4936375.

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Wu, Lihua, and Yu Huang. "Theoretical Investigation on Cross-Coupling Effect of Two-Dimensional Compound Pendulum Tiltmeter." Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 07, no. 02n03 (2018): 1850007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251171718500071.

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The active vibration isolation of low-frequency tilt is important for precise scientific measurement. However, the cross-coupling effects in tilt sensitive probes introduce negative effects on the performance of active isolation devices. In this paper, we show the structure and basic principle of compound pendulum (CP)-type tiltmeter, and analyze the dynamic response of the CP to the two-dimensional tilt vibrations. Besides, we deduce theoretically the mathematical model of the capacitive sensing of the displacements of the CP. Finally, we evaluate numerically the cross-coupling effects of a tilt sensitive probe including the cross-couplings of dynamic response and the different capacitance variations in two orthogonal degrees of freedoms. The maximum of the mechanical dynamic coupling factor is less than −60[Formula: see text]dB. The total cross-coupling coefficients including the different capacitance variations of the probe are both less than [Formula: see text]. Therefore, the cross-coupling effects don’t have to be considered for this kind of two-dimensional tilt sensitive probe.

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Schock, M., R. Foy, M. Tallon, L. Noethe, and J. P. Pique. "Performance analysis of polychromatic laser guide stars used for wavefront tilt sensing." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 337, no. 3 (2002): 910–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-8711.2002.05967.x.

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Wizinowich, P., B. McLeod, M. Lloyd-Hart, et al. "Adaptive optics for array telescopes using piston-and-tilt wave-front sensing." Applied Optics 31, no. 28 (1992): 6036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.31.006036.

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Huby, E., P. Baudoz, D. Mawet, and O. Absil. "Post-coronagraphic tip-tilt sensing for vortex phase masks: The QACITS technique." Astronomy & Astrophysics 584 (November 24, 2015): A74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527102.

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Slapničar, Gašper, Wenjin Wang, and Mitja Luštrek. "Classification of Hemodynamics Scenarios from a Public Radar Dataset Using a Deep Learning Approach." Sensors 21, no. 5 (2021): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051836.

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Contact-free sensors offer important advantages compared to traditional wearables. Radio-frequency sensors (e.g., radars) offer the means to monitor cardiorespiratory activity of people without compromising their privacy, however, only limited information can be obtained via movement, traditionally related to heart or breathing rate. We investigated whether five complex hemodynamics scenarios (resting, apnea simulation, Valsalva maneuver, tilt up and tilt down on a tilt table) can be classified directly from publicly available contact and radar input signals in an end-to-end deep learning approach. A series of robust k-fold cross-validation evaluation experiments were conducted in which neural network architectures and hyperparameters were optimized, and different data input modalities (contact, radar and fusion) and data types (time and frequency domain) were investigated. We achieved reasonably high accuracies of 88% for contact, 83% for radar and 88% for fusion of modalities. These results are valuable in showing large potential of radar sensing even for more complex scenarios going beyond just heart and breathing rate. Such contact-free sensing can be valuable for fast privacy-preserving hospital screenings and for cases where traditional werables are impossible to use.

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Shentu, Nanying, Sheng Wang, Qing Li, Renyuan Tong, Siguang An, and Guohua Qiu. "Research on Structure Optimization and Measurement Method of a Large-Range Deep Displacement 3D Measuring Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 6 (2020): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061689.

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Deep displacement monitoring of rock and soil mass is the focus of current geological hazard research. In the previous works, we proposed a geophysical deep displacement characteristic information detection method by implanting magneto-electric sensing arrays in boreholes, and preliminarily designed the sensor prototype and algorithm of deep displacement three-dimensional (3D) measurement. On this basis, we optimized the structure of the sensing unit through 3D printing and other technologies, and improved the shape and material parameters of the permanent magnet after extensive experiments. Through in-depth analysis of the experimental data, based on the data query algorithm and the polynomial least square curve fitting theory, a new mathematical model for 3D measurement of deep displacement has been proposed. By virtue of it, the output values of mutual inductance voltage, Hall voltage and tilt measuring voltage measured by the sensing units can be converted into the variations of relative horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and axial tilt angle between any two adjacent sensing units in real time, and the measuring errors of horizontal and vertical displacement are tested to be 0–1.5 mm. The combination of structural optimization and measurement method upgrading extends the measurement range of the sensing unit from 0–30 mm to 0–50 mm. It shows that our revised deep displacement 3D measuring sensor can better meet the needs of high-precision monitoring at the initial stage of rock and soil deformation and large deformation monitoring at the rapid change and imminent-sliding stage.

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Ismail, N. N., A. S. Sharbirin, M. S. M. Sa’ad, et al. "Novel 3D-printed biaxial tilt sensor based on fiber Bragg grating sensing approach." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 330 (October 2021): 112864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2021.112864.

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Nakahara, Hisashi, Kentaro Emoto, and Takeshi Nishimura. "Extending the formulation of the spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method to strain, rotation and tilt." Geophysical Journal International 227, no. 1 (2021): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab217.

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SUMMARY The spatial autocorrelation (SPAC) method has been applied to ambient seismic noise measured by arrays of translational seismometers for inverting phase-velocity dispersion curves of Rayleigh or Love waves for shallow S-wave velocity structure. Recently, it is becoming possible to observe wave spatial gradients such as strain, rotation and tilt owing to the development of dense seismic networks and improving measurement technologies. Therefore, it is desirable to extend the formulation of the SPAC method to strain, rotation and tilt. This study presents analytical expressions of cross-spectra and coherence of the strain, rotation and tilt components that are measured on the free surface. According to the results, both Rayleigh and Love waves contribute to most components of strains. The exceptions are the areal strain and the vertical axial strain (ezz) on the free surface that are affected by only Rayleigh waves. Only Rayleigh waves contribute to the tilts and rotations around the horizontal axes on the free surface, too. On the other hand, only Love waves contribute to the rotation around the vertical axis. Therefore, different kinds of wave spatial gradients are helpful to separate Rayleigh and Love waves correctly. For practical applications, the analytical expression for the radial axial strain (err) component will be applied directly to distributed acoustic sensing data measured with straight sections of a fibre-optic cable. On the other hand, dense observations of rotation and tilt may still be difficult to carry out at present. However, an application of analytical formulations in this study to arrays of at least several three-component rotational seismometers is attractive because it enables us to separately estimate the phase velocities of Rayleigh and Love waves.

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Kelemen, Michal. "EXPERIMENTAL IDENTIFICATION OF SENSITIVITY OF TILT SENSOR." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 4(18) (2019): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-4(18)-114-120.

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Urgency of the research. Robots and vehicles which locomote on high slope ground has tendency to overturning and they lost stability during the locomotion. The problem also occurs in area of automotive industry. Target setting. All vehicles moving on the rough and inclined ground has a problem with stability. Emergency system for warning before dangerous tilt angle can be mounted inside the vehicles and robots as prevention of side overturning. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The problem is to find the reliable sensor for detection of dangerous tilt angle. Task is to identify the sensor properties as sensitivity, zero shift and also uncertainty of measurement. Before using it is necessary to identify sensor properties. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The questions of the filtering of data acquisition by tilt angle sensor are uninvestigated, because the next research will be focused to this topic. The research objective. Sine bar is used for verification and testing of tilt sensor. Sine bar angle is adjusted using the parallel length gauge blocks. Sensor reacts to the changed tilt angle proportionally with pulse width on output pulse width signal. Indication of sensed data is made via using the microcontroller and LCD display. Also all calculations are executed inside the microcontroller. The statement of basic materials. The tilt sensor can be mounted inside the problematic vehicles to detect dangerous tilt angle and also automatic system for change the center of gravity position can be designed. The system will compensate the dangerous tilt angle. Conclusions. Evaluated uncertainties are related to overall sensing system and not only for sensor. Only sensor alone cannot be tested, because the sensor has no indication module. Expanded uncertainty of the system for measurement of tilt has been obtained and it is value should be taken into account before the sensor using.

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Luo, Xin, Maocai Wang, Guangming Dai, and Xiaoyu Chen. "A Novel Technique to Compute the Revisit Time of Satellites and Its Application in Remote Sensing Satellite Optimization Design." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6469439.

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This paper proposes a novel technique to compute the revisit time of satellites within repeat ground tracks. Different from the repeat cycle which only depends on the orbit, the revisit time is relevant to the payload of the satellite as well, such as the tilt angle and swath width. The technique is discussed using the Bezout equation and takes the gravitational second zonal harmonic into consideration. The concept of subcycles is defined in a general way and the general concept of “small” offset is replaced by a multiple of the minimum interval on equator when analyzing the revisit time of remote sensing satellites. This technique requires simple calculations with high efficiency. At last, this technique is used to design remote sensing satellites with desired revisit time and minimum tilt angle. When the side-lap, the range of altitude, and desired revisit time are determined, a lot of orbit solutions which meet the mission requirements will be obtained fast. Among all solutions, designers can quickly find out the optimal orbits. Through various case studies, the calculation technique is successfully demonstrated.

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Suomalainen, Juha, Teemu Hakala, Raquel Alves de Oliveira, et al. "A Novel Tilt Correction Technique for Irradiance Sensors and Spectrometers On-Board Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (2018): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10122068.

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In unstable atmospheric conditions, using on-board irradiance sensors is one of the only robust methods to convert unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based optical remote sensing data to reflectance factors. Normally, such sensors experience significant errors due to tilting of the UAV, if not installed on a stabilizing gimbal. Unfortunately, such gimbals of sufficient accuracy are heavy, cumbersome, and cannot be installed on all UAV platforms. In this paper, we present the FGI Aerial Image Reference System (FGI AIRS) developed at the Finnish Geospatial Research Institute (FGI) and a novel method for optical and mathematical tilt correction of the irradiance measurements. The FGI AIRS is a sensor unit for UAVs that provides the irradiance spectrum, Real Time Kinematic (RTK)/Post Processed Kinematic (PPK) GNSS position, and orientation for the attached cameras. The FGI AIRS processes the reference data in real time for each acquired image and can send it to an on-board or on-cloud processing unit. The novel correction method is based on three RGB photodiodes that are tilted 10° in opposite directions. These photodiodes sample the irradiance readings at different sensor tilts, from which reading of a virtual horizontal irradiance sensor is calculated. The FGI AIRS was tested, and the method was shown to allow on-board measurement of irradiance at an accuracy better than ±0.8% at UAV tilts up to 10° and ±1.2% at tilts up to 15°. In addition, the accuracy of FGI AIRS to produce reflectance-factor-calibrated aerial images was compared against the traditional methods. In the unstable weather conditions of the experiment, both the FGI AIRS and the on-ground spectrometer were able to produce radiometrically accurate and visually pleasing orthomosaics, while the reflectance reference panels and the on-board irradiance sensor without stabilization or tilt correction both failed to do so. The authors recommend the implementation of the proposed tilt correction method in all future UAV irradiance sensors if they are not to be installed on a gimbal.

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Zhou, T., L. Lv, J. Liu, and J. Wan. "APPLICATION OF UAV OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHY IN REAL SCENE 3D MODELING." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2021 (June 28, 2021): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2021-413-2021.

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Abstract. Aiming at the phenomenon that the traditional measurement methods cannot complete large-scale measurement in a short time, and the image quality obtained by remote sensing in cloudy and rainy areas is difficult to meet the demand, this paper puts forward the idea of using UAV tilt photography to build three-dimensional modeling of urban real scene. The UAV tilt photography technology is used to collect the image data of about 200 km2 in Wuzhishan City. By laying a small number of ground image control points, the aerial triangulation is used to establish the connection, and the three-dimensional modeling of the collected data is carried out. Through the field verification to verify the attribute information of ground objects, the accuracy is verified by using CORS system field coordinate collection. The results show that the ground property and mathematical accuracy of UAV tilt photography model meet the requirements, and can be effectively used in real 3D modeling.

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Yang, Weibin, Bin Fang, Yuan Yan Tang, and Xudong Qin. "A Temperature Compensation Model for Low Cost Quartz Accelerometers and Its Application in Tilt Sensing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2950376.

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Although the quartz accelerometer has made great advances, the performance, in some specific applications such as tilt sensing, needs to be well compensated in high temperature environment. Based on the high temperature testing of low cost quartz accelerometers, we found that the normalized positive and negative parts are asymmetrical at high temperature and the temperature curve of zero sensor output is related to the roll angle of the sensor. Traditional temperature compensation method only considers the temperature factor and ignores the roll sensitivity, which leads to deteriorated accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel and simple mathematical model to obtain a more accurate expression of zero sensor output, which makes the sensor output more robust at high temperature. Experimental results on two low cost quartz accelerometers demonstrate that the proposed model is feasible and effective, which could reduce the temperature drift error of the sensor output typically from 0.01 g to 0.001 g. Furthermore, we introduce the compensated sensors in the three-axis inclinometer system for tilt sensing, and the evaluation results show that the temperature drift error of the inclination in the range (20∘C,150∘C) is reduced typically from0.4∘to0.1∘compared to the traditional method.

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Hu, Kai, Wenyi Zhang, and Bing Qi. "Analysis and design of auto-adaptive leveling hydraulic suspension for agricultural robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 18, no. 5 (2021): 172988142110406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17298814211040634.

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The application of agricultural robot in hilly and mountain areas faces several problems, such as bad walking performance, easy tilt, and low safety. The auto-adaptive leveling hydraulic suspension for the agricultural robot can help to eliminate some sort of problems. The design of such system is the main aim of the article. The hydraulic system with load-sensing system and its controlling model were established and then the load-sensing system was modeled and simulated in Advanced Modeling Environment for SIMulation. The optimal proportional–integral–derivative parameters were determined by the optimized algorithm. The simulation results illustrated that the inlet and outlet pressure difference of throttle and the flow rate through throttle are 42 bar and 29.65 L/min, respectively, all the time when the load pressure varies from 0 bar to 100 bar. The load-sensing system has good power follow-up and high control accuracy. And then the experimental bench of auto-adaptive leveling hydraulic suspension was researched and developed to verify the leveling performance. The experimental results demonstrate that auto-adaptive leveling hydraulic suspension can keep frame leveling dynamically on upslope, downslope, side slope, and continuous undulating road surface. The maximum errors of the pitch angle and the tilt angle are −0.93° and 0.97°. The feasibility of the designed hydraulic suspension was verified. The research methods in this article can provide theoretical basis for the design of other auto-adaptive leveling systems in hilly and mountain areas.

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Abbas, Sawaid, Coco Yin Tung Kwok, Karena Ka Wai Hui, et al. "Tree tilt monitoring in rural and urban landscapes of Hong Kong using smart sensing technology." Trees, Forests and People 2 (December 2020): 100030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100030.

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Yan, Guirong, Qiuhua Duan, Tiantian Li, Genda Chen, Xugang Hua, and Ruoqiang Feng. "Detection of Nodal Snap-through Instability in Reticulated Shell Structures Using Tilt Sensing of Members." Journal of Applied Nonlinear Dynamics 7, no. 1 (2018): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5890/jand.2018.03.003.

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Zhou, Xiangyang, Yanjun Shi, Jun Zhu, Libo Zhao, and Zhuangsheng Zhu. "Structural multi-objective optimization on a MUAV-based pan–tilt for aerial remote sensing applications." ISA Transactions 100 (May 2020): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2019.11.036.

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Nieto-Hernández, D., J. Escareno, C. F. Méndez-Barrios, et al. "Modeling and Control of an Interactive Tilt-rotor MAV for In-contact Cracks-sensing Operations." IFAC-PapersOnLine 51, no. 22 (2018): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.11.561.

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Yang, Fei, Rong Zhang, and Youpeng Zhao. "Research on a Visual Sensing and Tracking System for Distance Education." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 14, no. 08 (2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i08.9827.

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With Microsoft’s motion sensor Kinect and a customized 3-axis pan-tilt-roll machinery connected together, a new intelligent sensing and tracking system comes into being. In order to simulate human natural visual sensing behavior, this system adopts the sensing function from Kinect placed upon the 3-axis motion machinery, controlled by a proposed expert PID control algorithm based on the adaptive Kalman filter, so as to guarantee automatic real-time visual tracking and to observe human movements and receive his/her position information. Experimental results indicate that this new system is capable of tracking one individual’s real-time movements with relatively high accuracy. Though this system is designed to be applied directly to distance education, it has great potential of functioning as a basic platform where many other human-computer natural interactions can be extended.

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Ge, Yongqiang, Jiawang Chen, Chen Cao, Jiamin He, Yan Sheng, and Xinlong Zheng. "Design and Test of a MEMS Accelerometer Array for Submarine Landslide Displacement Monitoring." Marine Technology Society Journal 55, no. 1 (2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.55.1.7.

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AbstractSubmarine landslides in gas hydrate areas are a significant geo-hazard that can cause considerable damage. The processes and mechanism of submarine landslides caused by gas hydrate dissociation are not clearly understood. Therefore, we designed a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer array to study and monitor the deep displacement of submarine landslides. The MEMS accelerometer array consists of several gravity acceleration-sensing units that are protected and positioned using a flexible circuit board and elastic steel tape, such that all the units are connected to an Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) communication bus. By sensing the three-axis tilt angles, the direction and magnitude of the displacement for a measurement unit can be calculated; then, the overall displacement of the array is calculated as the difference in the displacements from the initial values. To ensure the accuracy of the tilt angle and displacement calculation, the calibration and verification test of the single MEMS sensor and sensor array is conducted. The MEMS accelerometer array is verified with respect to its principle and arrangement by a laboratory physical model test, and the initial experimentation demonstrated the capacities of the monitoring system for collecting real-time and in-situ information about the dynamic process and propagation of slope failure.

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Öztürk, Yavuz, and Ismail Yariçi. "Research on a novel magnetic tilt sensor designed using Hall elements and ferrofluid." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 5 (2019): 406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0073.

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Abstract In this study, a simple, adjustable, bidirectional tilt sensor was designed using a pair of linear Hall effect sensors and magnets. Theoretical analysis and experimental results of the sensor system were presented. The working principle of the designed sensor is based on sensing the magnetic field of a mobile magnet which displaces with respect to the tilt angle. Two magnet sets were placed at the two ends of the system to apply repulsive restoring forces on the mobile magnet. The mobile magnet was coated with a light hydrocarbon based ferrofluid as a lubricant to reduce friction. Fixed Hall effect sensors were placed face to face at the two sides of the mobile magnet to monitor the magnetic field of the mobile magnet. It was shown that both experimentally and theoretically, it is possible to measure the approximate tilt angle linearly and quadratically by calculating the sum and difference of the Hall sensor voltages for the relatively small movements of the mobile magnet. Moreover, the system was also examined for the different sets of side magnets. For three different side magnet configurations, approximately 0.7, 1.1 and 1.68 V/rad sensitivity values were observed in the linear range.

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Rawat, Ashish, Sayandeep Banerjee, and Yaspal Sundriyal. "Geomorphological and Statistical Assessment of Tilt-Block Tectonics in the Garhwal Synform: Implications for the Active Tectonics, Garhwal Lesser Himalaya, India." Geosciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11080345.

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Active tectonics is manifested in geomorphological features such as drainage basins and drainage patterns. Geomorphic parameters asymmetry factor (AF) and transverse topography symmetry factor (T) is calculated for 94 third order basins of the Garhwal synform to decipher the tilt-block tectonics based on remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. The quantitative analysis of the AF suggests that all the 94 basins are asymmetric and gentle to steeply tilted, indicating active tectonics and early and late stage of development, respectively. The mean vector magnitude (θv) of T suggests the migration of the basin stream towards the south in most basins (60%), suggesting a unidirectional tilting of the tectonic block. The χ2 test for statistical significance indicates that the θv is significant for southern and northern limb basins. The χ2 test affirms that the third order basin position on either side of the main channel of the river basin influences the tilt direction. The regional tectonics suggests migration of the Lansdowne klippe towards the south, as the majority of third order basins show southward tilt. The study provides a quick appraisal of tilting in the tectonic blocks of active margins, such as in the Himalayas.

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Wang, Chisheng, Junzhuo Ke, Wenqun Xiu, Kai Ye, and Qingquan Li. "Emergency Response Using Volunteered Passenger Aircraft Remote Sensing Data: A Case Study on Flood Damage Mapping." Sensors 19, no. 19 (2019): 4163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194163.

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Current satellite remote sensing data still have some inevitable defects, such as a low observing frequency, high cost and dense cloud cover, which limit the rapid response to ground changes and many potential applications. However, passenger aircraft may be an alternative remote sensing platform in emergency response due to the high revisit rate, dense coverage and low cost. This paper introduces a volunteered passenger aircraft remote sensing method (VPARS) for emergency response. It uses the images captured by the passenger volunteers during flight. Based on computer vision algorithms and geocoding procedures, these images can be processed into a mosaic orthoimage for rapid ground disaster mapping. Notable, due to the relatively low flight latitude, small clouds can be easily removed by stacking multi-angle tilt images in the VPARS method. A case study on the 2019 Guangdong flood monitoring validates these advantages. The frequent aircraft revisit time, intensive flight coverage, multi-angle images and low cost of the VPARS make it a potential way to complement traditional remote sensing methods in emergency response.

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Yaitskova, Natalia, Kjetil Dohlen, Philippe Dierickx, and Luzma Montoya. "Mach–Zehnder interferometer for piston and tip–tilt sensing in segmented telescopes: theory and analytical treatment." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 22, no. 6 (2005): 1093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.22.001093.

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Zhang, Chunmin, Xiao Du, Tingyu Yan, and Guixiu Li. "Research on Instrument Visibility of Ozone Wind Imaging Interferometer." Remote Sensing 13, no. 6 (2021): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061062.

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This paper discussed the principle of the ozone wind imaging interferometer developed by our group, which used remote sensing method to detect wind field and ozone concentration simultaneously, focused on the analysis and calculation of the instrument visibility and gave the theoretical representation of the instrument visibility. Computer simulation was used to analyze the influence of the system transmittance, compensation glass surface tilt and mirror surface accuracy on the instrument visibility. The results showed that the splitting ratio of the beam splitter and the field of view would affect the distribution of the instrument visibility; the tilt angle of the compensation glass surface can greatly affect the instrument visibility. We also gave the random error range of wind field speed and temperature at the instrument visibility U > 0.9. This research provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development and engineering of ozone wind imaging interferometers.

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Wu, Juan, Mirna Lerotic, Sean Collins, et al. "Optimization of Three-Dimensional (3D) Chemical Imaging by Soft X-Ray Spectro-Tomography Using a Compressed Sensing Algorithm." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 5 (2017): 951–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617012466.

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AbstractSoft X-ray spectro-tomography provides three-dimensional (3D) chemical mapping based on natural X-ray absorption properties. Since radiation damage is intrinsic to X-ray absorption, it is important to find ways to maximize signal within a given dose. For tomography, using the smallest number of tilt series images that gives a faithful reconstruction is one such method. Compressed sensing (CS) methods have relatively recently been applied to tomographic reconstruction algorithms, providing faithful 3D reconstructions with a much smaller number of projection images than when conventional reconstruction methods are used. Here, CS is applied in the context of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy tomography. Reconstructions by weighted back-projection, the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique, and CS are compared. The effects of varying tilt angle increment and angular range for the tomographic reconstructions are examined. Optimization of the regularization parameter in the CS reconstruction is explored and discussed. The comparisons show that CS can provide improved reconstruction fidelity relative to weighted back-projection and simultaneous iterative reconstruction techniques, with increasingly pronounced advantages as the angular sampling is reduced. In particular, missing wedge artifacts are significantly reduced and there is enhanced recovery of sharp edges. Examples of using CS for low-dose scanning transmission X-ray microscopy spectroscopic tomography are presented.

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Ng, Sum Huan, Len Borucki, C. Fred Higgs, Inho Yoon, Andre´s Osorno, and Steven Danyluk. "Tilt and Interfacial Fluid Pressure Measurements of a Disk Sliding on a Polymeric Pad." Journal of Tribology 127, no. 1 (2005): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1829718.

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Previous experimental work has shown that negative fluid pressure does develop at the disk/pad interface during chemical mechanical polishing. However, these studies dealt with one-dimensional measurement and modeling. To better understand the problem, two-dimensional pressure mapping is carried out. In addition, the orientation of the disk is measured with a capacitive sensing technique. Results reveal a large negative pressure region at the disk/pad interface that is skewed toward the leading edge of the disk. The disk is also found to be leaning down toward the leading edge and toward the center of the pad. A mixed-lubrication model based on the Reynolds equation and taking into account the disk orientation angles has been developed. Modeling and experimental results show similar trends, indicating the tilting of the disk as a dominant factor in causing the negative pressure phenomenon.

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Bonmati-Carrion, M. A., B. Middleton, V. L. Revell, D. J. Skene, M. A. Rol, and J. A. Madrid. "Validation of an innovative method, based on tilt sensing, for the assessment of activity and body position." Chronobiology International 32, no. 5 (2015): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2015.1016613.

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Tran Thi Thuy, Ha, Tiep Dang Dinh, Tuan Vu Quoc, et al. "A Robust Two-axis Tilt Angle Sensor Based on Air/Liquid Two-phase Dielectric Capacitive Sensing Structure." IETE Journal of Research 66, no. 5 (2018): 685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2018.1518732.

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Ji, Xiang, Yi Liu, Kunjian Cao, Yingying Liao, Yan Li, and Shiliang Qu. "Laser-induced suspension of a microbubble in a liquid-filled fiber microcavity for large-range tilt sensing." Optics Letters 45, no. 8 (2020): 2303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.390579.

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Ragazzoni, R., E. Marchetti, and G. Brusa. "The effective layer height for star wandering and the accuracy of tilt sensing in multicolour laser stars." Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 121, no. 3 (1997): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aas:1997127.

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Slagmolen, Bram J. J., Adam J. Mullavey, John Miller, David E. McClelland, and Peter Fritschel. "Tip-tilt mirror suspension: Beam steering for advanced laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory sensing and control signals." Review of Scientific Instruments 82, no. 12 (2011): 125108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3669532.

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