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Journal articles on the topic 'Tomato seedling'
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1
Songsaeng, Apisit, Panlada Tittabutr, Kamolchanok Umnajkitikorn, Nantakorn Boonkerd, Jenjira Wongdee, Pongpan Songwattana, Pongdet Piromyou, Teerana Greetatorn, Teerayoot Girdthai, and Neung Teaumroong. "Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2022): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102458.
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Various technologies, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and beneficial plant micro-organisms, have been applied to enhance plant growth and development. We aimed to develop appropriate technology by incorporating the benefits of LED light, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) into sweet girl cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedling production. Our results demonstrated that incorporating red (R) and blue (B) LED lights, PGPR, and AMF positively affected tomato seedling growth. The optimal lighting conditions for tomato seedling growth were LEDs at 200 µmol/m2/s with a ratio of R60:B40 and 20 h/d exposure. The optimum LED-illuminated tomato seedlings significantly upregulated photosynthesis-related genes, including psbA, psbB, fdx, atpB, and rbcL. Plants inoculated with PGPR Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2, Bacillus velezensis SD10 and B. megaterium A20 had a high health index after inoculation. Furthermore, the optimized LED-illuminated tomato seedlings inoculated with SD10 had the highest health index. In addition, the optimum LED-illuminated tomato seedlings inoculated with SD10 and AMF had the highest biomass. Our experiment demonstrated that tomato seedlings produced under optimized LED lights inoculated with SD10 and AMF increased yield by about 16% under field conditions. Therefore, these results provided the optimum conditions for a high-quality tomato seedling production system.
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Sun, Min, Xiangguang Meng, Tieli Peng, and Xiaohui Hu. "Effect of Bacillus methylotrophicus on Tomato Plug Seedling." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100947.
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Tomato production is gradually shifting to modern production, which requires the factorization of tomato seedlings to shorten the seedling cycle and improve the seedling quality. Bacillus methylotrophicus, as a biofertilizer for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, can promote plant growth and enhance native plant defenses. However, reports on the role of this type of bacterial agent in horticultural crop seedlings are limited. We investigated the effects of different dosages of Bacillus methylotrophicus (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, and 1.50 g/strain) on tomato plug seedlings and aimed to screen out the suitable dosage of Bacillus methylotrophicus for tomato seedlings in 50-hole cavity trays. In this experiment, with the increase in Bacillus methylotrophicus, the number of leaves, plant height, stem thickness, leaf area, dry matter accumulation in each organ, growth function (G value), and seedling strength index of tomato seedlings showed an increasing trend, followed by a decreasing one. The appropriate dosage (0.50–1.25 g/strain) of bacterial agent increased the activities of the substrates urease, sucrase, and catalase, thus forming a good microbial community to maintain the balance of organic and inorganic carbon and guaranteeing the normal development of the root system. Meanwhile, under the treatment of 1.00 and 1.25 g/strain of inoculum, the absorption range of tomato roots increased, more nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were absorbed from the substrate, and more nutrients were transported from the underground to the above-ground parts, which promoted shoot elongation and thickening of the shoots, increased the leaf number and dry matter accumulation, and improved the seedling quality. In this study, the mechanism of action of this microbial product on tomato seedlings was studied from the perspective of nutrient uptake and supply, and a sowing root application of 1.00 g/strain of Bacillus methylotrophicus in 50-hole cavity trays can improve the quality of tomato seedlings.
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Massimi, Mohunnad, and Laszlo Radocz. "Preliminary test: Evaluation and selection of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties resistant to drought and powdery mildew." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/2/9746.
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Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) and (Oidium neolycopersici) are two harmful fungi that invade the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plant and grow in dry conditions. Under the influence of polyethylene glycol 6000 at a concentration of 12%, the total seedlings fresh weight, total seedlings dry weight, seedling growth rate of one seedling, seedling length, and tissue water content percentage for three tomato varieties were assessed. Despite the superiority of the (Mobil) tomato variety in terms of numerical values, the results revealed no significant differences between varieties. As a result, (Mobil) has greater vigor under environmental drought stress of lower osmotic stress than other tomato varieties. More work is required to evaluate the research selection of varieties resistant to biotic stresses in dry areas, such as powdery mildew disease.
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Bhuiyan, MAH, ME Ali, MR Khatun, F. Alam, and MB Banu. "Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculum Rate on Tomato (Lycopersicum esculenta L.) Seedlings." Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 29, no. 2 (June 25, 2016): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v29i2.28444.
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An experiment on the effect of rate of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculum in producing tomato seedlings (var. Ratan) were conducted in the seedbed of Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh during rabi season of 2007-08 and 2008-09. Seven rates of AM inoculum viz. 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 kg m-2 were studied on tomato seedlings. Cowdung was used at the rate of 5 kg m-2 as basal. Seeds were sown in 10 cm apart solid lines on 13 November 2007 and 11 November 2008, and the seedlings were thinned down to about 3 cm from seedling to seedling within a week of germination. Ratan was used as the variety of tomato. Biomass yield, seedling height and nutrient uptake by tomato seedlings increased greatly with the use of AM inoculum. Biomass yield of tomato seedlings followed quadratic trend with the increase of AM inoculum rate from 0 to 1.0 kg m-2 in 2007-08 and 0 to 2.0 kg m-2 in 2008-09.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 2, Dec 2012, pp 104-108
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Li, Yang, Juanqi Li, Guoxiu Wu, Yanman Li, Aimin Shen, Deli Ma, and Shengli Li. "Design of an Air Blowing Device Above Seedbed: The Effect of Air Disturbance on the Microenvironment and Growth of Tomato Seedlings." HortScience 55, no. 8 (August 2020): 1308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15136-20.
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In recent years, air circulation has been used in protected cultivation to improve the microenvironment around seedlings, which in turn enhances photosynthesis and seedling growth. However, a practical and precise air circulation device has not yet been reported, especially one for growing seedlings in a greenhouse. Considering the use of a seedbed in seedling cultivation, a blower that can move back and forth on the seedbed and accurately control the air velocity is designed. In this experiment, we take the nonblowing treatment as the control (CK); three air velocities (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m/s) were selected to investigate the effect of interval blowing on the microenvironment of the canopy, physiology of seedling growth, stomatal characteristics of leaves, and stem mechanics of tomato seedlings. The three air velocities were found to significantly reduce the canopy temperature by 0.44, 0.78, and 1.48 °C lower than the CK, respectively, and leaf temperature by 0.83, 1.57, and 2.27 °C lower than the CK, respectively, in cultivated seedlings during summer. The relative humidity of the tomato seedling canopy decreased by 2.7% to 7.0%. Compared with the CK, the plant height of tomato seedlings decreased by 13.54% and root dry mass, root-shoot ratio, and seedling quality index (SQI) increased by 34.63%, 21.43%, and 14.29%, respectively, at 0.6 m/s. In addition, mechanical indexes such as hardness and elasticity of the tomato seedling stem were higher under air disturbance than those of the CK. The best effect was seen in the treatment with the air velocity of 0.6 m/s, in which the hardness and elasticity of the stem base and the first node were significantly higher than that of the CK. In conclusion, air disturbance generated by the air blowing device we designed effectively improved the microenvironment around the plants, enhanced the physiological activity of the seedlings, and thereby promoted seedling growth.
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Liptay, A. "Air circulation in growth chambers stunts tomato seedling growth." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps92-161.
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Air circulation, generally an integral part of environmentally controlled plant growth chambers, inhibited tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling growth seismomorphogenically. Tomato seedlings were grown either in a growth chamber having an air movement of 0.5–0.7 m s−1 or in a chamber with no air circulation. Growth inhibition was noticeable with as little as 15 min of daily exposure to air circulation, and a continuous exposure gave the greatest amount of growth inhibition. The air-movement effect on seedling growth was transient and required a continued daily exposure to air movement for growth inhibition. Continuous air circulation inhibited seedling growth to such an extent that in a two-factor experiment (i.e., air movement and water stress) the water-stress effects were completely hidden by the air-movement effect. The results have important implications for tomato plant growth experiments in chambers equipped with air circulation: seedling growth may be affected more by the inherent air circulation in the growth chamber than by an experimental treatment.Key words: Tomato growth inhibition, air movement, seismomorphogenic, short seedlings
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Hassan, J. A., Y. J. Zhou, and J. D. Lewis. "A Rapid Seedling Resistance Assay Identifies Wild Tomato Lines That Are Resistant to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Race 1." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 30, no. 9 (September 2017): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-11-16-0247-r.
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Bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas syringae has historically been controlled by the Pto/Prf gene cluster. Emerging strains like P. syringae pv. tomato race 1 overcome resistance conferred by Pto/Prf, and can cause serious crop loss under appropriate environmental conditions. We developed a rapid assay to screen wild tomato seedlings for resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato race 1. We established the seedling resistance assay using the well-characterized P. syringae pv. tomato race 0 strain, DC3000, which is recognized in tomato cultivars carrying Pto/Prf (PtoR) and causes disease in isogenic lines lacking this cluster (PtoS). We optimized infectious conditions for P. syringae on tomato seedlings and demonstrated that tomato seedlings respond like adult tomato plants in critical measures of susceptibility and immunity, including the hypersensitive response, rapid ion leakage, restricted bacterial proliferation, and phenotypic resistance. After establishing infectious conditions for P. syringae pv. tomato race 1 on tomato seedlings, we screened 96 wild accessions and identified two accessions with strong P. syringae pv. tomato race 1 resistance, Solanum neorickii LA1329 and S. habrochaites LA1253, which are also resistant to bacterial infection as adult plants. This rapid high throughput seedling assay has many advantages, including reduced plant growth time and large sample sizes, and will allow for large-scale screening of resistance in tomato.
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Loliam, B., T. Morinaga, and S. Chaiyanan. "Biocontrol ofPhytophthora infestans, Fungal Pathogen of Seedling Damping Off Disease in Economic Plant Nursery." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/324317.
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This research aims to control Seedling damping off disease in plants by using antagonistic actinomycetes against the causative fungi.Phytophthora infestanswas isolated from the infected tomato plant seedling obtained from an economic plant nursery in Amphoe Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The chitinolyticStreptomyces rubrolavendulaeS4, isolated from termite mounds at the grove of Amphoe Si-Sawat, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand, was proven to be the most effective growth inhibition of fungal pathogens tested on potato dextrose agar. Tomato and chili seedlings that colonized with antagonisticS. rubrolavendulaeS4 were grown inP. infestansartificial inoculated peat moss. Percents of noninfested seedling in fungal contaminated peat moss were compared to the controls with uninoculated peat moss. InP. infestanscontaminated peat moss, the percents of survival of tomato and chili seedling were significantly increased () from 51.42 to 88.57 and 34.10 to 76.71 for theS. rubrolavendulaeS4 treatment, respectively. TheS. rubrolavendulaeS4 also showed high efficiency equivalent to fungicide, metalaxyl with no significant difference (). It was clearly demonstrated thatS. rubrolavendulaeS4 can prevent the tomato and chili seedling damping off disease in economic plant nurseries.
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Xin, Jin, Zhao Kaixuan, Ji Jiangtao, Ma Hao, Pang Jing, and Qiu Zhaomei. "Design and experiment of automatic transplanting device for potted tomato seedlings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 1045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218762954.
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In this study, an automatic machine for transplanting potted tomato seedlings was designed, based on the analysis of physical characteristics of the main varieties of tomato seedlings. The machine is composed of a horizontal and vertical seedling supply mechanism, a picking mechanism composed with a gear-rod component, a planting part featured with an eccentric-disk parallelogram duckbilled mechanism, and a control system. The control system included position sensors, stepper motor, variable-frequency motor and program controller. The force condition for successful picking potted tomato seedlings was studied by analyzing the force and motion during the taking procedure with the use of analytical graphic method. Combined with the parameters of physical characteristics of tomato seedlings, the key parameters of the machine was determined, which included L1 = 105 mm as the distance between the point of the gripper needles and the center of rotation, L0 = 18 mm as the initial opening distance between the two gripper needles, and s = 40 mm as the distance between the two gripper needles when they were at the upper hinge point of the clamping hands. The key structure and the parameters of the seedlings-taking part were determined by theoretical calculation according to the position of the seedling during taking and dropping procedure, and the requirement of the motion. The machine was tested by using the potted tomato seedlings. The result showed that the seedling picking rate was 92.35%–86.61%, and the leakage rate was 12.57%–18.03%, when the transplanting speed was between 60 and 90 seedlings per minute. The result demonstrated that the machine was feasible to transplant the potted tomato seedlings efficiently.
10
Trevizan Chiomento, José Luís, Gabriela Oliveira Cavalli, Thomas Dos Santos Trentin, and Alana Grando Dornelles. "Quality of tomato seedlings produced in substrates." Pesquisa Agropecuária Gaúcha 26, no. 1 (October 22, 2020): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36812/pag.2020261319-331.
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A difficulty in the production of tomato seedlings in containers is to assure the production of shoot biomass with limited portion of roots, restricted to a small volume of substrate. Therefore, we investigated if substrates associated with tomato cultivars interfere in the seedling quality. In this study, the treatments used were two tomato cultivars and three substrates. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a two-factorial scheme (2 x 3), with four replications. We carried out the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates and evaluated the attributes of the shoot and the root system of tomato seedlings. The results showed that the substrate with the highest water retention was Horta 2® and the lightest material was TN Gold®. Still, seedlings produced on the substrate with greater water retention capacity had higher performance in relation to the shoot morphology and the root system morphology. We conclude that the seedling quality of tomato cultivars is not associated with the studied substrates and that seedlings produced in substrate with greater water retention have better quality.
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Periasamy, Vivek, Duraisamy, and Kavitha. "Development of a picking and dropping mechanism for protray grown vegetable seedlings." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, SI (July 19, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13isi.2776.
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In India, manual transplanting of vegetable seedlings was the commonly adopted method for raising vegetable crops, but it is laborious, time-consuming and costly. Therefore, mechanical transplanters are developed to overcome the problems in manual transplanting. The present work was to develop multiple seedlings picking and transferring mechanism for protray grown vegetable seedlings. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), chilli (Capsicum annuum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena) seedlings were raised in portrays with coir pith as a growth media and used for transplanting operation. The mechanism was to pick seven numbers of seedlings in one row at a time and transfer them into lateral conveying system, which could deliver the seedlings one by one on to the ground at regular interval. Programmable Logic Controller was used to controlling entire operations of seedlings picking and dropping. At the time of evaluation, a totally 196 number of seedlings were used with 98 cell protray. From the test results, the success rate of 89.28 per cent, missing seedling of 3.57 per cent, damaged seedling of 4.08 per cent, seedling delivering failure of 3.06 per cent were recorded for tomato seedlings. Similarly, in chilli and brinjal the success rate of 95.40 and 91.83 per cent, the missing seedling of 2.04 and 2.55 per cent, damaged seedling of 1.53 and 3.06 per cent and seedling delivering failure of 1.02 and 2.55 per cent respectively were observed. Transplanting frequency of developed mechanism was 2520 seedlings h-1. As a whole, this work was able to develop a working model of vegetable seedling transplanting mechanism, which can eject seven seedlings at a time from portray cell and transfer them into the slotted conveyor.
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Roe, Nancy E., Peter J. Stoffella, and Donald Graetz. "Composts from Various Municipal Solid Waste Feedstocks Affect Vegetable Crops. I. Emergence and Seedling Growth." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 3 (May 1997): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.3.427.
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The composition of composts derived from municipal solid wastes can affect emergence and seedling growth. Composts consisting of biosolids and yard trimmings [standard compost (SC)] alone or with mixed waste paper (MWP), refuse-derived fuel (RDF), or refuse-derived fuel residuals (RDFR) were evaluated in seedling trays and pots for vegetable crop seedling emergence and growth. In trays, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings emerged faster from a commercial peat-lite mix and from sandy field soil than from the composts. Plants were tallest and shoots were generally heaviest in the peat-lite mix and aged SC and smallest in the field soil. MWP compost generally inhibited early seedling growth more than RDF or RDFR composts. Among the composts, seedlings were tallest and heaviest in SC. In pots, growth of each vegetable was generally greatest in SC, followed by other composts, and lowest in sandy soil. Tomato and pepper seedling emergence was more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of the RDF, RDFR, and MWP composts than cucumber seedling emergence. Fertilizer increased plant growth in each medium except SC, in which cucumber stem diameter was not increased. Adding MWP, RDF, or RDFR to SC generally decreased seedling emergence and growth. The composts prolonged days to emergence and decreased percent emerged seedlings. However, subsequent seedling growth in composts was equal to or greater than seedlings in the peat-lite mix and much greater than those in the sandy field soil.
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Jung*, Ki-Yun, Bong-Hwa Kang, Yu-Jin Park, and Jung-Myung Lee. "Producing Double-stemmed Tomato Seedlings by Cutting Propagation, Pinching, and Plant Bioregulators Application." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 758C—758. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.758c.
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Double-stemmed seedlings (DSS) will be favored by the growers because they can save the expense needed to purchase commercial seedlings. This is also true with grafted tomatoes since the price of grafted tomato seedlings is about 2 times higher than non-grafted ones. The plug seedling growers will also benefit from the increased demand for DSS if the production cost for DSS can be maintained at appropriate level. Two stem cuttings having two expanded leaves were taken from a seedling when the seedling had four expanded leaves and rooted in 32-cell trays filled with commercial soil mix. Lower stem cuttings having first and second leaves produced well-balanced DSS even without any plant bioregulator treatment whereas up upper stem cuttings having third and fourth leaves resulted in single-stem seedlings with very limited outgrowth of axillary shoot from the third node. DSS can be obtained from the decapitated seedling stump by outgrowth of axillary shoots from the cotyledonary nodes, but the quality and uniformity were inferior to other seedlings. Pinching off the tips of seedlings thus leaving three expanded leaves per seedling and application of plant bioregulators to the decapitated seedlings were also effective for producing DDS. Application of thidiazuron (TDZ) in lanolin paste to the second node was most effective even though whole plant spray with TDZ or BA was also partially effective. Subsequent growth characteristics of these seedlings will be further discussed.
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Rahmawati, Anggita, and Triwidodo Arwiyanto. "Suppressing Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) by Grafting Tomato Seedlings Grown on Six Comparable Media." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 24, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.51430.
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Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease of tomatoes. The grafting method with a resistant rootstock variety is a reliable control technique and has been carried out in many countries. Healthy tomato seedling are needed for grafting so this study was aimed to find a good seedling medium to grow the upper stem and rootstock of tomato for grafting and to know the effect of seed media on the intensity of bacterial wilt). Tomato seeds were grown in coir and rice husk charcoal with ratio A (10:0), B (9:1), C (8:2), D (7:3), E (6:4), F (5:5) (coir : rice husk charcoal, v/v). Seedlings were watered regularly and after seedlings aged 21 days, the grafting was conducted. Agronomic observations were justified by measuring germination style, plant height, leaf area, fresh mass and dry mass of plants at 21 days after planting. Tomato seedlings were grafted by using H-7996 variety as a rootstock and Servo variety as an upper stem. Tomato seedlings were transplanted into polybags and then inoculated with R. solanacearum (108 CFU/ml). The disease intensity and AUDPC (Area Under Disease Progress Curve) were recorded. The results revealed that the media with a ratio of 8:2 (coir : rice husk charcoal, v/v) is the best medium for growing tomatoes and the grafting treatment could reduce the disease intensity of bacterial wilt by 40% compared with non grafted treatment and reduce 16% disease intensity compared to the grafted treatment with seedling sown in other ratio media at the last observation.
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Basim, H., E. Basim, S. Yilmaz, E. R. Dickstein, and J. B. Jones. "An Outbreak of Bacterial Speck Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato on Tomato Transplants Grown in Commercial Seedling Companies Located in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey." Plant Disease 88, no. 9 (September 2004): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.9.1050a.
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A serious outbreak of a leaf spot disease was observed on tomato transplants grown in commercial seedling companies in southwestern Turkey (Antalya) during the springs of 2002 and 2003. Disease incidence was more severe in the western Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Occurrence of the outbreak resulted in approximately 20 and 25% seedling losses in the springs of 2002 and 2003, respectively. The initial symptoms consisted of pronounced water-soaked, dark brown-to-black spots on young expanding leaves that were 1 to 2 mm in diameter. Later, a number of leaf spots on older leaves enlarged and coalesced, causing leaf desiccation and finally, seedling death. In addition, in 2003 the disease incidence was approximately 5% in 142 commercial greenhouses. Tomato production was unaffected since significant outbreaks did not occur on greenhouse plants. No fruit symptoms were observed. Twenty-six strains were isolated from diseased tomato seedlings and plants from different greenhouses located in different places and all were gram negative and fluorescent on King's B medium. All strains were levan and gelatin liquefaction positive and oxidase and arginine dihydrolase negative. None of the 26 strains utilized erythritol and l-lactate as the sole carbon source (1,2). Fatty acid analysis identified the strains as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato with similarity indices ranging from 0.876 to 0.932%. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed on 4-week-old tomato seedlings (cv. Biotek Selin) sprayed with the bacterial suspensions containing 108 CFU/ml of sterile water. Later, a number of leaf spots on the leaves enlarged and coalesced, causing leaf desiccation. Inoculated and control tomato seedlings were covered with polyethylene bags and placed in a growth chamber at 25°C for 48 h and then the bags were removed. Small (1 to 2 mm), water-soaked, dark brown-to-black spots similar to those observed in the greenhouses of commercial seedling companies and commercial greenhouses that produce tomato developed on the young expanding leaves of inoculated plants within 7 to 10 days. No symptoms developed on control plants. The bacterium was reisolated from inoculated plants and identified as a strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Koch's postulates were fulfilled. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the occurrence and outbreak of the bacterial speck disease on tomato transplants in greenhouses of commercial tomato seedling production companies in Turkey. References: (1) D. C. Hildebrand et al. Pages 60–80 in: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. N. D. Schaad, ed. The American Phytopathological Society, 1988. (2) J. B. Jones et al. Plant Dis. 70:151, 1986.
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Miceli, Alessandro, Filippo Vetrano, and Alessandra Moncada. "Effects of Foliar Application of Gibberellic Acid on the Salt Tolerance of Tomato and Sweet Pepper Transplants." Horticulturae 6, no. 4 (November 28, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6040093.
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Seed germination and early seedling growth are the plant growth stages most sensitive to salt stress. Thus, the availability of poor-quality brackish water can be a big limiting factor for the nursery vegetable industry. The exogenous supplementation of gibberellic acid (GA3) may promote growth and vigor and counterbalance salt stress in mature plants. This study aimed to test exogenous supplementation through foliar spray of 10−5 M GA3 for increasing salt tolerance of tomato and sweet pepper seedlings irrigated with increasing salinity (0, 25, and 50 mM NaCl during nursery growth. Tomato and sweet pepper seedlings suffered negative effects of salinity on plant height, biomass, shoot/root ratio, leaf number, leaf area, relative water content, and stomatal conductance. The foliar application of GA3 had a growth-promoting effect on the unstressed tomato and pepper seedlings and was successful in increasing salinity tolerance of tomato seedlings up to 25 mM NaCl and up to 50 mM NaCl in sweet pepper seedlings. This treatment could represent a sustainable strategy to use saline water in vegetable nurseries limiting its negative effect on seedling quality and production time.
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Brigard, Juan P., Richard L. Harkess, and Brian S. Baldwin. "Tomato Early Seedling Height Control Using a Paclobutrazol Seed Soak." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.768.
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Tomato seedling hypocotyls elongate rapidly after germination resulting in weak seedlings. The effects of 0, 250, 500, 750, or 1000 mg paclobutrazol (PB)/L seed soak and soaking times from 1 to 12 hours on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seed germination, seedling growth, and plant growth were tested. Adequate height control was obtained with 250 mg PB/L while soaking time did not affect seedling growth. In a second experiment, PB was tested at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 mg PB/L soaking the seed for 1 hour. A concentration of PB at 100 mg·L–1 provided optimum control of hypocotyl elongation with minimal residual effect on subsequent plant growth. In a third experiment, seed soaked at the different PB concentrations were germinated and grown under light intensities of 0.09, 50, 70, or 120 μmol·m–2·s–1. Seedlings grown under 0.09 μmol·m–2·s–1 were not affected by PB treatment and did not develop an epicotyl. PB seed soak treatment gave greater growth suppression under 50 μmol·m-2·s-1 than under the two higher light levels. Soaking tomato seeds in 100 mg PB/L for 1 hour prevented early hypocotyl stretch of tomato seedlings with no long term effects on plant growth. This treatment effectively prevented excessive hypocotyl elongation when seeds were germinated under low PAR while not over controlling elongation under high PAR conditions.
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Shalaby, Tarek A., Naglaa A. Taha, Dalia I. Taher, Metwaly M. Metwaly, Hossam S. El-Beltagi, Adel A. Rezk, Sherif M. El-Ganainy, Wael F. Shehata, Hassan R. El-Ramady, and Yousry A. Bayoumi. "Paclobutrazol Improves the Quality of Tomato Seedlings to Be Resistant to Alternaria solani Blight Disease: Biochemical and Histological Perspectives." Plants 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030425.
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The production and quality of tomato seedlings needs many growth factors and production requirements besides controlling the phytopathogens. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) has benefit applications in improving crop productivity under biotic stress (Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in tomatoes). In the current study, the foliar application of PBZ, at rates of 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1, was evaluated against early blight disease in tomatoes under greenhouse conditions. The roles of PBZ to extend tomato seedling lives and handling in nurseries were also investigated by measuring different the biochemical (leaf enzymes, including catalase and peroxidase) and histological attributes of tomato seedlings. Disease assessment confirmed that PBZ enhanced the quality of tomato seedlings and induced resistance to early blight disease post inoculation, at 7, 14, and 21 days. Higher values in chlorophyll content, enzyme activities, and anatomical features of stem (cuticle thickness) and stomata (numbers and thickness) were recorded, due to applied PBZ. This may support the delay of the transplanting of tomato seedlings without damage. The reason for this extending tomato seedling life may be due to the role of PBZ treatment in producing seedlings to be greener, more compact, and have a better root system. The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that PBZ has a distinguished impact in ameliorating biotic stress, especially of the early blight disease under greenhouse conditions. Further studies, which consider molecular variables, will be conducted to explore the role of PBZ in more detail.
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Mencet Yelboğa, Makbule Nisa. "LCA Analysis of Grafted Tomato Seedling Production in Turkey." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010025.
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Seedling grafting is an essential technique that is often expressed as the fusion of two different small plants to make an organism with superior properties. Grafted seedlings have strategic and economic importance because they affect the yield of other agricultural products and final product quality. However, grafted seedling production consumes more resources than normal seedlings; therefore, its environmental effects carry great importance for sustainable agricultural production whilst in life-cycle assessment (LCA) literature, little research exists about this subject. This cradle-to-farm-gate LCA study focuses on grafted tomato seedling production in Antalya, Turkey and original data compiled by face-to-face surveys with seedling producers are used. It aims to analyze and discuss the environmental impacts of energy, fertilizers, pesticides, disinfectants, peat, perlite, vermiculite, inserts, trays, grafting sticks, clips, plastic sheeting, packaging used in production. Findings reveal that coal for greenhouse heating in the energy category and expanded polystyrene (EPS) trays in supporting materials category have higher impacts. Therefore, rigid plastic alternatives of EPS with higher recycling potential are discussed. After creating a scenario to compare EPS and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as raw materials, the results indicate that HDPE has lower damage potential than EPS in the human health, ecosystems, and resources categories.
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Reis, Renata Perpetuo, Antônio Carlos Silva de Andrade, Ana Carolina Calheiros, Jéssica Carneiro Oliveira, and Beatriz Castelar. "Effects of extracts of two Ulva spp. seaweeds on tomato germination and seedling growth." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 11 (November 28, 2020): e61691110174. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i11.10174.
Full textAbstract:
Brown seaweed extracts are commercially used as agricultural biostimulants, and the green macroalgae Ulva spp. has shown promise for that purpose. We evaluated the ideal dosage of U. lactuca ulvan and flour on seed germination invigoration and the effects of U. flexuosa and U. lactuca extracts on tomato seedling growth (Solanun lycopersicum). The germination recovery of aged seeds after the application of U. lactuca was evaluated by seed germination rates and seedling emergence. Greenhouse cultivated seedlings were irrigated with 0.2 and 0.4 g×L-1 of the flour, or an ulvan solution of Ulva spp. Seedling growth parameters (height, stem diameter, height/stem diameter ratio, biomass, and number of leaves) were compared with the control (seedlings irrigated with distilled water). All dosages of U. lactuca ulvan and flour were found to increase the germination rates of aged seeds as compared to controls. No significant difference in seedling emergence rates were seen. After treatment with Ulva spp. extracts no significant differences in seedling growth were detected. We concluded that low doses of the U. lactuca extract will increase the germination rates of S. lycopersicum seeds and, while different dosages of the extracts of two Ulva’s species did not stimulate tomato seedling growth, they were also not lethal.
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Blaker, N. S., and J. D. Hewitt. "Comparison of Seedling and Mature Plant Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica in Tomato." HortScience 22, no. 1 (February 1987): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.1.103.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Seedlings of 11 genotypes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill.) were inoculated at the first true leaf stage with zoospores of Phytophthora parasitica under controlled conditions and evaluated for resistance based on seedling death. The same lines also were transplanted into two fields naturally infested with P. parasitica and grown to maturity. Disease severity in the field was evaluated based on plant death and canopy collapse prior to harvest. Resistance to P. parasitica was present in both commercial lines and accessions of L. esculentum var. cerasiforme (Dun.) A. Gray. Seedling resistance was generally a good predictor of resistance in mature plants. The relative resistance and susceptibility expressed in seedlings was reflected in 10 of 11 genotypes in the field. One cultivar that was susceptible in the seedling test appeared resistant in the field. Expression of resistance in both the seedling test and field was influenced by environmental factors.
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Bachand, George D., John D. Castello, Michail Schaedle, Stephen V. Stehman, and William H. Livingston. "Effects of tomato mosaic Tobamovirus infection on red spruce seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 6 (June 1, 1996): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-107.
Full textAbstract:
Height, weight, root volume, shoot length, needle length and weight, and total chlorophyll content were measured for both control and tomato mosaic Tobamovirus (ToMV)-inoculated red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) seedlings in each of five, 3-month growth periods. Mean bud-break rating was determined for each seedling in growth period 5. In January 1995 the freezing tolerance of control and ToMV-infected seedlings was determined. Approximately 85% of the inoculated seedlings became infected with ToMV, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of young root tissue. Reduction in seedling height, weight, root volume, bud break, and mean shoot length of infected seedlings was observed when compared with control seedlings. The rate of increase over time in height, weight, and root volume was lower (54, 57, and 52%, respectively) in infected seedlings compared with control seedlings. Additionally, needles of infected seedlings were less susceptible to freezing damage than those of control seedlings. However, virus infection had no effect on the freezing tolerance of roots.
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Sánchez-Montesinos, Brenda, Fernando Diánez, Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra, Francisco J. Gea, and Mila Santos. "Role of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum as Plant-Growth Promoter in Horticulture." Agronomy 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10071004.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this study was to determine the capacity of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum to promote pepper and tomato seedling growth compared to that of T. saturnisporum, a species recently characterised as a biostimulant. Consequently, in vitro seed germination and seedling growth tests were performed under commercial plant nursery conditions. Additionally, the effects of different doses and a mixture of both species on seedling growth under plant nursery and subsequently under greenhouse conditions were determined. Furthermore, mass production of spores was determined in different substrates, and their siderophore and indole acetic acid production and phosphate (P) solubilisation capacity were also determined. Direct application of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum to seeds in vitro neither increases the percentage of pepper and tomato seed germination nor improves their vigour index. However, substrate irrigation using different doses under commercial plant nursery conditions increases the quality of tomato and pepper seedlings. Tomato roots increased by 66.66% at doses of 106 spores per plant. Applying T. aggressivum f. europaeum or T. saturnisporum under plant nursery conditions added value to seedlings because their growth-promoting effect is maintained under greenhouse conditions up to three months after transplantation. The combined application of the two species had no beneficial effect in relation to that of the control. The present study demonstrates the biostimulant capacity of T. aggressivum f. europaeum in pepper and tomato plants under commercial plant nursery and greenhouse conditions.
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Ren, Ling, Bindong Zhao, Weibin Cao, Wenbin Song, and Ming Zhao. "Design of Stretchable Style Pick-Up Device for Tomato Seedling Transplanters." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050707.
Full textAbstract:
To solve tomato planting problems, such as high labor intensity and low efficiency, we designed a stretchable style pick-up device, which met the requirements of whole-row picking and improved the efficiency and speed of seedling picking. We designed the parts of the device according to the height of the seedlings and the size of the tray. Seedling analysis was carried out and a parametric model created. Additionally, an evaluation of seedling picking was developed, which included both parallel and vertical displacement. We manufactured the parts according to the simulation parameters, which were optimized by ADAMS. The parts were assembled and the trajectory test carried out. When whole-row seedlings were grown for 30 days, the moisture content was 65.21%, the picking success rate was 92.19%, leaf damage rate was 3.13%, and the substrate damage rate was 1.54%. The study can provide a reference for the design of automatic tomato transplanters.
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Pill, Wallace G. "Granular Gels as Growth Media for Tomato Seedlings." HortScience 23, no. 6 (December 1988): 998–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.6.998.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The granulated, insoluble acrylamide-based hydrophilic polymers, Terrasorb HB and Alcosorb AB3C, hydrated initially with all the essential nutrients (15 g gel solids/liter of 1-fold Hoagland solution), were effective media for the production of 3-week seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mil.) in plug (modular) trays. Higher concentrations of the nutrient solution used to hydrate gels or incorporation of resin-encapsulated, slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote, 17N–3.9P–10.8K, 1.5 or 3.0 g·liter–1) in the hydrated gels decreased seedling growth. Daily application of fertilizer solution (100 mg N/liter) or water resulted in similar seedling growth. Seedlings were healthy, with roots permeating the voids between the hydrated granules of the entire gel mass. The gel mass adhering to the root system could be extracted readily and intact from the plug tray cell.
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Chakma, Purba, Md Mokter Hossain, and Md Golam Rabbani. "Effects of salinity stress on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v17i4.44617.
Full textAbstract:
Salinity is a major constraint in crop production in saline prone areas of Bangladesh. Therefore, a study was carried out in order to investigate the effect of different levels of NaCl salinity stress on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato. This study was consisted with five varieties of tomato (BARI Tomato-2, BARI Tomato-3, BARI Tomato-4, BARI Tomato-14, and BARI Tomato-15) and four levels of NaCl salt solution (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM). Seeds were placed in petridish for germination and the seedlings were allowed to grow for ten days. Results showed that percent seed germination decreased with increasing salt concentration in the germinating media. The highest seed germination (68.25%) was recorded in untreated control (0 mM) condition and the lowest in 150 mM salt solution ((5.92%). In combination of variety and salt concentration, BARI Tomato-2 gave the highest germination (88.33%) under 0 mM salinity condition and the lowest (2.92%) in BARI Tomato-3 with 150 mM salt solution. However, percent germination, germination coefficient, radicle and plumule length, seedling vigor index, fresh weight of plumule and radicle, mean germination time, germination index decreased with increasing salt concentration as compared to untreated control condition. The findings indicated that BARI Tomato- 2, BARI Tomato-4 and BARI Tomato-15 were relatively tolerant to salt stress than BARI Tomato-3 and BARI Tomato-14.
J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 490–499, 2019
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Han, Luhua, Menghan Mo, Yansu Gao, Haorui Ma, Yang Liu, and Hanping Mao. "Effects of Biochar Addition into Substrate on Tomato Plug Seedlings and Its Working with Automatic Transplanting." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2022.2150.
Full textAbstract:
Vegetable seedling transplantation has become a beneficial and specialized procedure, and a vegetable-specific study on seedling qualities for compatibility with automatic transplanting is needed. In this study, biochar prepared from corn straws was used as the auxiliary material to cultivate seedlings. Firstly, physicochemical properties of compound substrates with different composite of biochar (volume ratio 0, 10, 20~50%) and growth indices of seedlings were measured according to agpronomic conditions. Then, mechanical properties of root lumps and transplanting integrity were investigated. Finally, the optimal seedling qualities for automation of seedling transplanting were comprehensively evaluated with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). In the results, the rich porous structure and surface area of corn straw biochar can regulate the physicochemical properties of the matrix, which significantly affected the growth of seedling roots and plants. The biochar addition of 10% and 20% in volume ratios was beneficial to the root formation and plant growth. More than 30% biochar-treated substrates had a tendency to inhibit seedling growth. Under the same seedling conditions, the appropriate addition of biochar can improve the twisting strength of root lumps and prevent axial deformation. In conclusion, the comprehensive evaluation coefficient of addition with 10% biochar was 0.67, which was significantly higher than other treatments. Under this treatment, tomato seedlings were stockily grown with rich roots, and the integrity rate of automatic transplanting was above 96%. The biochar of corn straws may be an effective application for the necessary qualities of seedlings for automatic transplanting.
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Periasamy, Vivek, Duraisamy Veppangadu Marrappa Gounder, and Kavitha Ramasamy. "Factors influencing the performance of mechanical end effector during automatic transplanting of tomato seedlings." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, SI (July 15, 2022): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14isi.3613.
Full textAbstract:
A number of elements of probabilistic nature mightily influence the picking efficiency of a transplanting mechanism. There are two key factors to be considered in the development of seedling pickup devices. One is the mechanical features of the end effector, and the other is the horticultural features of the protray seedling. The investigation aimed to find the features affecting the transplanting of protray grown tomato seedlings using mechanical end-effectors. Various mechanical linkage-picking fingers were developed and tested with an experimental setup for gripping and releasing the seedling. Two different pneumatic cylinders triggered the mechanical end effector, one for holding the seedling and then ejecting the seedling from the protray. When all the seedlings were ejected from the initial line of the protray, the endless belt shifted the protray just below the end-effector mechanism. Assessments were carried out with moisture content of media (16 ±1, 18 ±1 and 21 ±1%), mechanical end-effector (sliding plate cam type, sliding end cam type and four bar type picking finger) angle of end-effector needle (6, 8 and 10 deg.) to enhance the picking, transmission and dropping with low missing as well as harms for the seedlings. The minimum value of missing seedlings (6.55 %) and maximum success rate of picking (93.45 %) were noted at 18 ±1% of the growth media moisture content (M2) and at 8 deg. angle of gripper needle (θ2) with a sliding plate cam-type picking finger (F1). The transplanting frequency was 840 seedlings h-1.
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Li, Junming, Lei Liu, Yuling Bai, Pujuan Zhang, Richard Finkers, Yongchen Du, Richard G. F. Visser, and Adriaan W. van Heusden. "Seedling salt tolerance in tomato." Euphytica 178, no. 3 (December 19, 2010): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0321-x.
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Bhuiyan, MAH. "Effect of rate of arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculum on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 3 (November 11, 2013): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16974.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment on the effect of rate of Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) inoculum on tomato seedlings was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, Bangladesh for two consecutive years. Seven rates of AM inoculum viz., 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 kg/m2 were tested. Cowdung was used at a rate of 5 kg/m2. Seeds were sown in 10 cm apart lines on 13 November 2007 and 11 November 2008, and the seedlings were thinned out to about 3 cm from seedling to seedling within a week of germination. Roma VF was used as a variety of tomato. Biomass yield, root colonization, spore number, and nutrient uptake by tomato seedlings increased remarkably with the rates of AM inoculum. The biomass yield followed a quadratic trend with the increase of AM inoculum rate from 0 to 2.0 kg/m2 in 2007-08 and 0 to 1.5 kg/m2 in 2008-09. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16974 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 473-480, September 2013
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Jiménez-Arias, David, Sarai Morales-Sierra, Andrés A. Borges, Antonio J. Herrera, and Juan C. Luis. "New Biostimulants Screening Method for Crop Seedlings under Water Deficit Stress." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030728.
Full textAbstract:
Biostimulants can be used in many crops growing under water deficit conditions at the seedling stage. This study used tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L., seedlings growing in commercial 150-cell trays as an experimental setup to reproduce mild drought stress effects. The method showed significant reductions in seedling growth and RGR (25%) after a seven-day experiment. Gas exchange parameters (Pn, Gs and E) had significantly lower values (30–50%) than the control seedlings. Stress-related metabolite, ABA, exhibited a significant accumulation in the tomato seedlings (24 h), consistent with SINCED2 gene expression. Proline levels were twice as high in the water-deficit treated seedlings, remaining at this level until the end of the experiment. However, total carbohydrates were significantly lower in water-deficit treated seedlings. Qualitative and quantitative analysis suggested that using the variable ‘seedling biomass accumulation’ could simplify the methodology. Twelve different biostimulants were assayed, implementing this simplification, and all of them showed higher biomass accumulation in the treated seedlings than in the non-treated ones under water deficit. Among them, putrescine, spermine and spermidine were the most effective. The method is adjustable to different biostimulant volumes (1, 3 and 5 mL; 1 mM BABA), with no significant differences between the treatments.
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González-Barbosa, José-Joel, Alfonso Ramírez-Pedraza, Francisco-Javier Ornelas-Rodríguez, Diana-Margarita Cordova-Esparza, and Erick-Alejandro González-Barbosa. "Dynamic Measurement of Portos Tomato Seedling Growth Using the Kinect 2.0 Sensor." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040449.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally farmers monitor their crops employing their senses and experience. However, the human sensory system is inconsistent due to stress, health, and age. In this paper, we propose an agronomic application for monitoring the growth of Portos tomato seedlings using Kinect 2.0 to build a more accurate, cost-effective, and portable system. The proposed methodology classifies the tomato seedlings into four categories: The first corresponds to the seedling with normal growth at the time of germination; the second corresponds to germination that occurred days after; the third category entails exceedingly late germination where its growth will be outside of the estimated harvest time; the fourth category corresponds to seedlings that did not germinate. Typically, an expert performs this classification by analyzing ten percent of the randomly selected seedlings. In this work, we studied different methods of segmentation and classification where the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Decision Tree Classifier (DTC) showed the best performance in segmenting and classifying Portos tomato seedlings.
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Hu, Bizhen, Mark A. Bennett, and Matthew D. Kleinhenz. "A New Method to Estimate Vegetable Seedling Vigor, Piloted with Tomato, for Use in Grafting and Other Contexts." HortTechnology 26, no. 6 (December 2016): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech03485-16.
Full textAbstract:
The primary objective of this study was to test an improved method for estimating vegetable seedling vigor, which is important in grafting and other contexts. The study was also designed to test correlations between destructive and nondestructive measures of seedling growth and the effect of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) rootstock and scion seedling vigor on graft success. Emergence and biomass accumulation and distribution of 18 tomato rootstock and five scion cultivars were monitored in the greenhouse through 18 days after sowing using seven destructive and nondestructive measures; growing conditions were also monitored. Plant and environmental data were used: 1) to develop cultivar growth curves, rank-sum values, and multicomponent seedling vigor values, and 2) to test correlations between percent canopy cover and other foliar measures. Also, seedlings representing all 90 rootstock–scion combinations and their associated seedling vigor values were cleft-grafted using accepted methods and grafted-plant survival was evaluated 2 weeks later. The experiment was conducted twice. Overall seedling vigor and its components differed significantly between runs of the experiment and among cultivars, although most cultivars had similar rankings (relative vigor) in both runs. Rank-sum and seedling vigor values ordered cultivars similarly. However, the range of cultivar seedling vigor values (3–11,504) greatly exceeded the range of rank-sum values (4–92). Correlations between destructive and nondestructive measures were significant. Graft success did not differ among cultivar combinations. We conclude that 1) the method to estimate seedling vigor described herein is useful in grafting and other contexts, including when discerning cultivar and other treatment effects, 2) nondestructive measures can substitute for some destructive ones, and 3) graft success in tomato is unrelated to rootstock and scion seedling vigor, provided proper grafting and healing techniques and commercial cultivars are used.
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Meeks, Martin, H. Brent Pemberton, Lurline Marsh, and Garry V. McDonald. "The Effect of UV-B Lamp Light on the Growth of Three Bedding Plant Species." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 589A—589. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.589a.
Full textAbstract:
The effect of UV-B fluorescent lamp light on seedling elongation was investigated using three species: marigold (Tagetes sp.), cucumber (Cucumis sativa), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Seedlings were exposed to light supplied from two unshielded and unfiltered 40-watt UV-B fluorescent lamps. In two experiments, seedlings were placed a distance of 45 cm below the light for varying lengths of time, while seedlings were placed 60 cm below the light in a third experiment. For marigold, seedlings were shorter when germinated under the UV-B lamp than when germinated under natural light in a glasshouse. Two hours of exposure just after glasshouse germination (cotyledons unfolded) was effective in reducing height of cucumber seedlings, whereas 6 hours was required to significantly reduce the height of tomato seedlings. Treatments were still effective when the last measurements were taken 12 to 14 days after germination. Exposure of seedlings to UV-B lamp light provides a possible alternative means of preventing excessive seedling elongation instead of relying on chemical plant growth regulators.
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Ledwożyw-Smoleń, Iwona, Mariya Halka, Sylwester Smoleń, and Michał Kruczek. "ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) SEEDLINGS AS AFFECTED BY THE EXOGENOUS APPLICATION OF ORGANOIODINE COMPOUNDS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 19, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2020.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
Salicylic acid is one of the regulatory compounds involved in numerous processes in plants. Previous studies indicated that also its halogen derivatives may exhibit similar roles. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of iododerivatives of salicylic acid such as: 5-iodosalicylc acid (5I-SA) and 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid (3,5diI-SA) on selected aspects of antioxidant capacity of tomato seedlings. The efficiency of improving iodine accumulation in tomato seedlings was also studied. No tested organoiodine compound had a negative effect on the growth and development of tomato seedlings. The presence of iodosalicylic acids in the nutrient solution led to a decrease of the content of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds in tomato seedlings. A modifying effect of tested organoiodine compounds on the antioxidant activity of tomato seedling extracts varied with respect to analyzed enzyme and applied assays. It has been confirmed that higher plants can take up and accumulate iodine from organoiodine compounds in levels not causing any symptoms of toxicity.
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Silva, Juliano C. da, and Wagner Bettiol. "Potential of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato." Fitopatologia Brasileira 30, no. 4 (August 2005): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582005000400012.
Full textAbstract:
This study was done to evaluate the efficiency of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates (141/3, 233, 233/1, 245, 245/1, 251, 251/2, 251/5, and 257) in controlling vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, race 2 (isolates C-21A, TO11, and TO245) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Viradoro seedlings. In order to determine the effect of non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in tomato plants, the root system of 30-day-old seedlings was immersed in conidial suspensions (10(6) ml-1) of each isolate and the seedlings were transplanted to a cultivation substrate. Thirty-five days after transplanting it was observed that the non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were not pathogenic to the cv. Viradoro nor did they affect seedling development. The efficiency of the non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in controlling Fusarium wilt was determined by immersing the tomato seedling roots in the conidial suspension (10(6) ml-1) of each isolate and then transplanting them into substrates previously infested with isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, race 2 (10(5) conidia ml-1 of substrate). Evaluations were performed 35 days after transplanting, for severity in scale with 1=healthy plant to 6=dead plant or plant showing vessel browning and wilted leaves up to the leader shoot and seedling height. The non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were efficient in reducing the severity of the disease and maintaining normal plant development. These results provide evidence of the antagonistic activity of non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in controlling vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 in tomato.
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Maldonado, Jorge Federico, Marta Susana Agüero, María Belén Buglione, Facundo Iturmendi, Marcela Viviana Filippi, and Daniel Alfredo Martínez. "Pear and apple pomace compost as an alternative to commercial substrates in the production of tomato seedlings." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo 53, no. 1 (July 7, 2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.48162/rev.39.013.
Full textAbstract:
It is important to look for alternative substrates to replace non-renewable resources such as peat used in growing media in horticulture. The aim of this work was to evaluate if the compost of pear and apple pomace could be used as an alternative to a commercial substrate for the production of tomato seedlings. Two experiments were carried out on trays with alveoli of 100 cm3 (experiment 1) and 30 cm3 (experiment 2). In experiment 1, three substrates were used: commercial substrate (CS), mixture of CS and pomace compost (CS+C) and pure compost (C). In experiment 2 a fourth treatment with a mixture of compost and perlite (C+P) was incorporated. The obtained results indicate that the development of the seedlings using CS+C and CS as a substrate was similar in cells of 100 cm3 and higher in cells of 30 cm3. In addition, the growth of seedlings on C+P in relation to CS showed similar or higher values in some variables. These results indicate that it would be feasible to replace the use of non-renewable resources such as peat in the production of tomato seedlings by a product obtained from a residue.
Tomato seedling growth was evaluated on trays with 100 cm3 alveoli and 30 cm3 alveoli on different substrates mixtures: commercial substrate (CS), mixture of CS and pomace compost (CS+C), pure compost (C) and mixture of compost and perlite (C+P).
Highlights
Seedling development using CS+C and CS as substrates was similar in cells of 100 cm3 and higher in cells of 30 cm3.
Seedling growth on C+P in relation to CS, showed similar or higher values for some variables such as root dry weight, shoot dry weight, stem diameter and shoot height.
In 30 cm3 cell trays of the compost and perlite treatment (3:1 v/v), obtained seedling quality would enable a high post-transplant survival percentage.
Pear and apple pomace compost may be an alternative to a commercial substrate containing peat for tomato seedlings production (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).
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Liptay, Albert. "AIR CIRCULATION IN GROWTH CHAMBERS STUNTS TOMATO SEEDLING GROWTH." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 684b—684. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.684b.
Full textAbstract:
Air circulation, generally an integral part of environmentally-controlled plant growth chambers, retarded tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum Karstens) seedling growth seismomorphogenetically. Continuous air movement at a speed of 0.5 to 0.7 m·s-1 inhibited growth by about 40%. Growth inhibition was noticeable with as little as 15 min of daily exposure to the air circulation; a continuous exposure gave the greatest amount of growth inhibition. The retarding effect of air on seedling growth was transient and required a continued daily exposure to air movement. Continuous aeration of seedlings inhibited growth to such an extent that in a two factor experiment, ie aeration and water stress, the water stress effects were completely masked in the aerated chamber by the aeration effect. The results have important implications for plant growth experiments in chambers equipped with air circulation: seedling growth may be affected more by the air circulation in the growth chamber than by an experimental treatment.
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Xu, Xiulan, Gireesh Rajashekara, Pierce A. Paul, and Sally A. Miller. "Colonization of Tomato Seedlings by Bioluminescent Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis Under Different Humidity Regimes." Phytopathology® 102, no. 2 (February 2012): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-11-0090.
Full textAbstract:
Tomato bacterial canker, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, is transmitted by infected or infested seed and mechanically from plant to plant. Wounds occurring during seedling production and crop maintenance facilitate the dissemination of the pathogen. However, the effects of environmental factors on C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis translocation and growth as an endophyte have not been fully elucidated. A virulent, stable, constitutively bioluminescent C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strain BL-Cmm 17 coupled with an in vivo imaging system allowed visualization of the C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis colonization process in tomato seedlings in real time. The dynamics of bacterial infection in seedlings through wounds were compared under low (45%) and high (83%) relative humidity. Bacteria multiplied rapidly in cotyledon petioles remaining after clip inoculation and moved in the stem toward both root and shoot. Luminescent signals were also observed in tomato seedling roots over time, and root development was reduced in inoculated plants maintained under both humidity regimes. Wilting was more severe in seedlings under high-humidity regimes. A strong positive correlation between light intensity and bacterial population in planta suggests that bioluminescent C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains will be useful in evaluating the efficacy of bactericides and host resistance.
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Liptay, A., and S. Nicholls. "Nitrogen Supply during Greenhouse Transplant Production Affects Subsequent Tomato Root Growth in the Field." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 3 (May 1993): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.3.339.
Full textAbstract:
Tomato transplant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) root growth in the field was directly related to N level supplied to the transplants as seedlings in the greenhouse. Root growth in the field increased exponentially when N was applied at 50 to 350 mg·liter-1. Transplant growth in multicelled trays increased in a sigmoidal fashion with N, up to 200 mg-liter'. The optimal N range for maximum survival, growth, and early yield in the field was from 100 to 200 mg-liter'. Strength of the seedling stem increased with N level curvilinearly. Seedling survival in the field was highly correlated with seedling stem strength.
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Yu, Ping, Qiansheng Li, Lan Huang, Genhua Niu, and Mengmeng Gu. "Mixed Hardwood and Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar as Potting Mix Components for Container Tomato and Basil Seedling Production." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 4713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214713.
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To investigate the potential of biochar as a propagation mix component, three experiments were conducted. A phytotoxicity test was conducted with water extract of sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB), SBB mixes (10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% SBB with 30% perlite (P) and the rest being peat moss (PM); by vol.), mixed hardwood biochar (HB) mixes (10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% HB with PM; by vol.), PM, P, 70%PM:30%P, and a commercial propagation mix (exp. 1). None of the mixes caused phytotoxicity. The same biochar mixes (except 100% HB) were used for the seedling growth test (exp. 2). Both tomato and basil seedlings grown in all of the biochar mixes (except 50% HB) had significantly lower fresh weight, dry weight and growth index (GI) compared to a commercial propagation mix. Six seedlings from each biochar mix were transplanted into a commercial growing mix and grown for four weeks (exp. 3). Tomato seedlings from all biochar mixes (except 30% SBB) had similar SPAD (Soil-Plant Analyses Development) and GI to the control. Basil seedlings from all HB mixes, 70% and 100% SBB mixes had similar GI to the control. In conclusion, 70% HB could be amended with PM for tomato and basil seedling production without negative effects on plant biomass.
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Uppalapati, Srinivasa Rao, Yasuhiro Ishiga, Tamding Wangdi, Ewa Urbanczyk-Wochniak, Takako Ishiga, Kirankumar S. Mysore, and Carol L. Bender. "Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato on Tomato Seedlings: Phenotypic and Gene Expression Analyses of the Virulence Function of Coronatine." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, no. 4 (April 2008): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-4-0383.
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Bacterial speck disease, which is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, is an economically important disease on tomato. In the present study, we show that P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a pathogen of tomato seedlings, an aspect of pathogen biology that has not been previously investigated. This resulted in the development of a virulence assay on tomato seedlings that has several advantages over labor-intensive foliar assays, including a shorter growth and incubation period, ease of inoculation and handling, and rapid generation of larger sample sizes per experiment. The utility of this assay was investigated by exploring the virulence function of coronatine (COR) on tomato seedlings. Using the COR– mutant DB29 and a MAPMAN display of transcript data from TOM1 microarrays, COR-dependent expression of genes involved in secondary metabolism, polyamine biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species homeostasis, and the novel transcription factor SlNAC2 were identified. Furthermore, during pathogenesis, genes involved in photosynthetic light reactions and the Calvin-Benson cycle were strongly repressed by COR. In conclusion, we show that P. syringae pv. tomato infects tomato seedlings and that COR is required for virulence in seedlings. The seedling assay can be used in high-throughput screens for the identification of molecular targets for COR and for the identification of genes involved in pathogenesis.
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Hanna, Hanna Y. "Producing a Grafted and a Non-Grafted Tomato Plant from the Same Seedling." HortTechnology 22, no. 1 (February 2012): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.72.
Full textAbstract:
Growing grafted hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars in greenhouse operations is gaining popularity worldwide. The costs of producing grafted plants remain a deterrent to the smaller producer. After removing plant tops to use as scions for grafting tomato plants, the stumps that have well-developed root systems and cotyledon leaves are usually discarded with the root media and containers. If productive plants can be produced from sprouts on the stumps, they can be used as non-grafted hybrids at the same farm or sold to other growers for income to defray part of the grafting costs. A 2-year greenhouse study examined the effects of three propagation methods and three tomato cultivars on plant yield and related traits. Seedling, grafted, and stump sprout plants of the hybrid cultivars Geronimo, Quest, and Starbuck were used in this study. Plants grafted on ‘Maxifort’ rootstock had greater stem diameter (P < 0.0001) below the first and third clusters than the seedling or stump sprout plants. The seedling plants had greater stem diameter than stump sprout plants below both clusters. During the first 3 weeks of harvest, seedling plants produced greater yields (P < 0.0001) than grafted or stump sprout plants and the differences were cultivar related. ‘Quest’ was the only cultivar that produced similar yields (2.8 vs. 2.3 lb) as a seedling or a grafted plant during the first 3 weeks of harvest. Tomato plants propagated by all three methods produced similar yields and fruit weight in the remaining 16 weeks of harvest. Cultivars had no significant effect on yield during the first 3 weeks of harvest (P > 0.05), but their yields were significantly different during the remaining 16 weeks of harvest (P < 0.0001). The apparent reason for yield advantages of the seedling plants during the first 3 weeks of harvest was the uninterrupted growth during the seedling stage. Propagation method had no specific influence on fruit quality attributes. On the bases of this study, producing productive tomato plants from stump sprouts is a feasible cultural technique that can reduce losses associated with plants used in grafting. It also allows the repeated use of the soilless media and the seedling containers. The produced plants can generate substantial income for businesses that graft a significant number of tomato seedlings. For this cultural method to work, grafting should be timed to allow the stump sprout plants to grow for at least 5 weeks before planting in the grow bags. This practice is normally followed in producing transplants from seeds.
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Hadji Amin, Mobarak D. "Seedling Vigor Testing as Affected by Two Methods of Seed Extraction of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)." Philippine Journal of Agricultural Economics 3, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/pjae.v3i1.672.
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This study was conducted to test and compare the seedling vigor performance of dwarf green and dwarf white varieties of tomato as affected by two methods of seed extraction such as fermentation and hydrochloric acid in terms of germination percentage, germination rate, days to seedlings emergence, days to 50% development of true leaves, root length, stem length and shoot length. It was carried using Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in a 2x2 factorial experiment with four treatment combinations with three replications. Dwarf Green variety was affected by seed method extraction with HCl treatment had ideal conditions for seed and seedling quality performance and vigor of tomato such as germination percentage and rate, number of days to seedling emergence, number of days to fifty percent development of true leaves, root, stem and shoot length. Dwarf White performed inferior than Dwarf Green in terms of the parameters investigated.
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Liptay, Albert, and Diane Edwards. "Tomato Seedling Growth in Response to Variation in Root Container Shape." HortScience 29, no. 6 (June 1994): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.6.633.
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Roots of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedlings grown in multicelled trays were confined largely to the interface between the growing medium and the inner surface of the cell. Because of the predominance of roots in this area, experiments were done in prototype cells to relate seedling growth to change in this interface area while retaining a constant volume. The cell shapes that were tested included a square cell with 1.36-cm sides and other rectangular cells. All cells were 3 cm in height, but widths decreased incrementally by 0.1 cm from the 1.36×1.36-cm square to rectangles with inner cell dimensions of 0.36×5.14 cm. With these changing shapes, the interface area increased but cell width decreased to a more narrow cell. Seedling height increased as the cell shape was changed from a square (1.36 × 1.36 cm) to an elongated rectangle (1.74 × 1.06 cm). More narrow cells caused seedling height to decrease; the shortest seedlings occurred in 0.36 × 5.14-cm cells. Root growth was unaffected by change in cell shape. The smoothness of the inner cell surface, however, affected root growth; a rough texture resulted in stubby and reduced root growth but had no effect on shoot growth.
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Rajametov, Sherzod Nigmatullaevich, Eun Young Yang, Hyo Bong Jeong, Myeong Cheoul Cho, Soo Young Chae, and Niroj Paudel. "Heat Treatment in Two Tomato Cultivars: A Study of the Effect on Physiological and Growth Recovery." Horticulturae 7, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7050119.
Full textAbstract:
High temperature (HT) significantly affects crop physiological traits and reduces productivity in plants. To increase yields as well as survival of crops under HT, developing heat-tolerant plants is one of the main targets in crop breeding programs. The present study attempted to investigate the linkage of the heat tolerance between the seedling and reproductive growth stages of tomato cultivars ’Dafnis‘ and ’Minichal.’ This research was undertaken to evaluate heat tolerance under two experimental designs such as screening at seedling stage and screening from reproductive traits in greenhouses. Survival rate and physiological responses in seedlings of tomatoes with 4-5 true leaves were estimated under HT (40 °C, RH 70%, day/night, respectively) and under two control and HT greenhouse conditions (day time 28 °C and 40 °C, respectively). Heat stress significantly affected physiological–chemical (photosynthesis, electrolyte conductivity, proline) and vegetative parameters (plant height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight) in all tomato seedlings. The findings revealed that regardless of tomato cultivars the photosynthesis, chlorophyll, total proline and electrical conductivity parameters were varied in seedlings during the heat stress period. The heat tolerance rate of tomatoes in the seedling stage might not always be associated with reproductive parameters. HT reduced fruit parameters such as fruit weight (31.9%), fruit length (14.1%), fruit diameter (19.1%), and fruit hardness (9.1%) compared to NT under HT in heat-susceptible tomato cultivar ‘Dafnis’, while in heat-tolerant cultivar ‘Minichal’ fruit length (7.1%) and fruit diameter (12.1%) was decreased by the effects of HT, but on the contrary fruit weight (3.6%) and fruit hardness (8.3%) were increased. In conclusion, screening and selection for tomatoes should be evaluated at the vegetative and reproductive stages with consideration of reproductive parameters.
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Nasim, Ghazala, Sobia Mushtaq, Irum Mukhtar, and Ibatsam Khokhar. "Effect of Penicillium Extractsa on Germination Vigor in Subsequent Seedling Growth of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 65, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10129-011-0049-3.
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AbstractPenicilliumspp. are well known to produce a variety of beneficial metabolites for plant growth and survival, as well as defend their hosts from attack of certain pathogens. In this study, effects of culture filtrate of differentPenicilliumspp. were tested on tomato seeds. On the whole, presoaking of seeds in filtrates of the ninePenicilliumisolates tested, significantly increased seed germination when compared with the control seeds. Cultural extracts ofP. expensumandP. billiwere highly effective in growth promotion up to 90%. It was also observed thatP. implicatumandP. oxlalicamsignificantly enhanced the root growth in tomato seedling as compare to other species. In case of shoot length,P. verrucosum(3.38),P. granulatum(2.81) andP. implicatum(2.62) were effective. HoweverP. implicatumwas quite promising to increase shoot and root length in tomato seedlings. Where asP. simplicissimiumandP. citrinumwere leas effective on seedling growth. The plant growth promoting ability ofPenicilliumstrains may help in growth permotion in other plants and crops.Penicilliumspp. are already known for producing mycotoxin and enzymes. Plant growth promoting ability ofPenicilliumspp will open new aspects of research and investigations. The role ofPenicil-liumspp. in tomato plant growth requires further exploration.
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Shan, Shiyao, Wanjia Tang, Xuemei Peng, Jing Lu, Han Liu, and Huanxiu Li. "Effects of DA-6 on Phosphorus and Potassium Uptakes of Tomato Seedlings under Cadmium Stress." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016502003.
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In order to study the effect of foliar DA-6 on the phosphorus and potassium content of tomato seedlings under cadmium stress, the pot experiment was used to cultivate ‘Zhongza 9’ tomato in 50 μmol/L CdCl2•2.5H2O nutrient solution. The effects of DA-6 at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L) on the phosphorus and potassium uptakes of tomato seedlings under cadmium stress were studied. The results showed that when the DA-6 concentration was 20 mg/L, the phosphorus content in the root and stem of tomato seedlings increased significantly, which were 41.5% and 12.8% higher than the control. In all treatments, when the DA-6 concentration was 10 mg/L, the potassium content of tomato seedling roots, stems and shoots increased significantly, which were 25.4%, 10.0%, and 5.8% higher than the control. In summary, the low-concentration DA-6 treatment had a certain effect on increasing the phosphorus and potassium content of tomato, and there were differences in the optimal concentration of phosphorus and potassium content.
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Olatunde Micheal Adeoti, Zainab Sodiq, Samson Olutope Olufemi, and Kafilat Adenike Komolafe. "Effects of chemical mutagen (sodium azide) on tomato grown in organic and inorganic fertilized soil." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.1.0016.
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum); a member of the family Solanacea is a commercially important vegetable throughout the world both for the fresh fruit market and food industries. The research was carried out in the green house at Science Laboratory Technology of the Oke-Ogun Polytechnic, Saki, Oyo State. Improved dry seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was obtained from the Institute of Agriculture Research, (I.A.R&T), Ibadan, Oyo State and were subsequently treated with Sodium Azide aimed at determining the effects of Sodium Azide as a known mutagen on tomato grown with organic and inorganic fertilizer. All the parameters were monitored for six-months with everyday documentation of variants (variables). Highly significant differences were observed in the treatments with respect to the studied parameters (seed germination, seedling survival, seedling height, root length, number of leaves per seedlings, height at maturity, number of branches per plant and fruits per plant) and various chemicals found in the soil sample. Treatment and chemical interactions were similarly highly significant in tomato with Sodium Azide and organic fertilizer with respect to all parameters evaluated and the chemical composition showed better performance compared to tomato seeds grown with inorganic fertilizer. Conversely, Sodium Azide could be utilized as an induced of variability for the improvement of tomato likewise organic fertilizers
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S, Ananda, Shobha G, Shashidhara KS, and Vishwaprakash Mahadimane. "Nano-cuprous oxide enhances seed germination and seedling growth in Lycopersicum esculentum plants." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2554.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out to determine the influence of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) biosynthesised from leaf extracts of Flacourtia montana on the tomato Lycioersicum esculentum seed germination, seedling growth and vigour index. Here we examined the promotory and phytotoxic effect of Cu2O NPs (0-160ppm) on tomato seeds resulted in dosage dependent response. The highest germination percentage (95%) was observed at 20ppm Cu2O NPs, however, above 20ppm Cu2O NPs, there is a reduction in the seed germination. The tomato seedlings showed increased root and shoot elongation up to 20ppm Cu2O NPs concentration, further increase in NPs concentration caused the negative effect on plants growth and development. The leaf pigments showed increasing trend in tomato plants after treatment with Cu2O NPs up to 20ppm as compared to control. Phytotoxicity of Cu2O NPs in tomato seedlings demonstrated by lower contents of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid pigments. The study of effect on antioxidant enzymes showed increases in activity with increase in Cu2O NPs concentration for two enzymes, Super oxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) out of five enzymes treated. High antioxidant activity of enzymes is followed by the increased lipid peroxidation and decrease in free radical scavenging activity by the DPPH. The activity of Catalase, Pheny Alanine Aminolyase and Poly Phenol Oxidase enzymes were found to increase up to 20ppm as compared to control and above this, all three enzymes showed decrease in activity. Uptake of Cu2O NPs nanoparticle by tomato seedlings was confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
Key words: Nano-Cuprous Oxide, Flacourtia montana, Tomato, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation