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Journal articles on the topic 'Trace reference'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 20 July 2025

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1

Hassan, Muhammad, Adithi D. Chakravarthy, Mahadevan Subramaniam, et al. "Correction of perceived visual distortions using a software application and correlation to age-related macular degeneration." Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 12 (January 2020): 251584142091778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2515841420917783.

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Purpose: To investigate the use of software-generated corrections in neutralizing perceived distortions in age-related macular degeneration. Methods: A tablet-based application was utilized to elicit distortions. Five subjects (seven eyes: neovascular age-related macular degeneration and three eyes: non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration) traced the reference lines, and their distortion traces were recorded. To counter distortion, a software-generated trace was re-traced by subjects to produce a corrected trace. Final traces were superimposed on optical coherence tomography images and following distances calculated: (a) dDT: distance between distortion trace and reference line; (b) dGT: distance between software-generated trace and corrected trace; (c) dCT: distance between corrected trace and reference line. Mean percent improvement in distortion was reported. Mean effectiveness of correction was also reported by utilizing t test to compare dDT and dCT. The number of distortion traces with underlying lesions on optical coherence tomography was also analyzed. Results: Mean age of the subjects was 76.6 (±9.5) years. Each patient traced six reference lines and each was considered a separate case. Out of 30 cases, 17 (56.6%) elicited distortion. Mean percent improvement in distortion was 71.3 ± 23% ( p < 0.05). Twelve cases (70.6%) had an underlying lesion (eight cases: disrupted photoreceptor layer and four cases: normal photoreceptor layer). Mean percent improvement in cases with normal photoreceptor layer (90.8 ± 5.45%) was higher than with abnormal photoreceptor layer (58.5 ± 7.17%) ( p < 0.05). Five cases with distortion had no associated underlying lesion. Mean percent improvement in these subjects was significantly higher than those with photoreceptor layer disruption. Conclusion: Software-generated corrections can potentially correct for perceived distortions in patients with age-related macular degeneration, especially in cases with preserved photoreceptor layer.
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2

Kozhevnikov, V. V. "USE OF INFORMATION AND REFERENCE COLLECTIONS FOR TRACE EVIDENCE EXAMINATIONS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.35.

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In most cases while performing trace evidence examinations the research volume depends questions asked an expert. Issues are identifying (sameness determination, group affiliation) and non-identifying (establishing a trace-forming mechanism). Although identifying researches are more important while truth establishing and have some probative value in criminal and other processes, the research of non-identifying nature is also important. However, thanks to them an expert establishes the kind of trace-forming object on general features reflected in traces. Use of information and reference collections is a significant help while performing examinations of a non-identifying nature.
 Using natural objects from collections allows to establish qualitative or quantitative properties of real evidence, to attribute them to certain groups (kind) of objects. This is accomplished by comparing the research object with samples from collections, which results in coincidence or differences in their generic characteristics. Evaluation of these coincidences or differences allows determining that studied object belongs to (or does not belong) a group (kind, class) of the relevant objects in the collection or that it arose as a result of a certain trace-forming mechanism.
 For example if for an expert it is necessary to find out the trace-forming mechanism of dynamic traces, having the collection natural objects; it is possible to perform a number of expert experiments and according to these results to reach a certain conclusion.
 Thus, the use of information and reference collections while performing trace evidence examinations in procedural form (while performing examinations) is a simple and accessible support means for correct and scientifically substantiated answering to questions asked an expert. Effectiveness of using such collections depends on objects number or volume of information contained in, their systematization and classification, as well as expert ability to apply objects of these collections at one or another stage of expert research.
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3

Rodríguez, Gabriel, Louis-Noël Pouchet, and Juan Touriño. "Representing Integer Sequences Using Piecewise-Affine Loops." Mathematics 9, no. 19 (2021): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9192368.

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A formal, high-level representation of programs is typically needed for static and dynamic analyses performed by compilers. However, the source code of target applications is not always available in an analyzable form, e.g., to protect intellectual property. To reason on such applications, it becomes necessary to build models from observations of its execution. This paper details an algebraic approach which, taking as input the trace of memory addresses accessed by a single memory reference, synthesizes an affine loop with a single perfectly nested reference that generates the original trace. This approach is extended to support the synthesis of unions of affine loops, useful for minimally modeling traces generated by automatic transformations of polyhedral programs, such as tiling. The resulting system is capable of processing hundreds of gigabytes of trace data in minutes, minimally reconstructing 100% of the static control parts in PolyBench/C applications and 99.99% in the Pluto-tiled versions of these benchmarks. As an application example of the trace modeling method, trace compression is explored. The affine representations built for the memory traces of PolyBench/C codes achieve compression factors of the order of 106 and 103 with respect to gzip for the original and tiled versions of the traces, respectively.
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4

Li, Tianyi, Lu Chen, Christian S. Jensen, and Torben Bach Pedersen. "TRACE." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 14, no. 7 (2021): 1175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3450980.3450987.

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The deployment of vehicle location services generates increasingly massive vehicle trajectory data, which incurs high storage and transmission costs. A range of studies target offline compression to reduce the storage cost. However, to enable online services such as real-time traffic monitoring, it is attractive to also reduce transmission costs by being able to compress streaming trajectories in real-time. Hence, we propose a framework called TRACE that enables compression, transmission, and querying of network-constrained streaming trajectories in a fully online fashion. We propose a compact two-stage representation of streaming trajectories: a speed-based representation removes redundant information, and a multiple-references based referential representation exploits subtrajectory similarities. In addition, the online referential representation is extended with reference selection, deletion and rewriting functions that further improve the compression performance. An efficient data transmission scheme is provided for achieving low transmission overhead. Finally, indexing and filtering techniques support efficient real-time range queries over compressed trajectories. Extensive experiments with real-life and synthetic datasets evaluate the different parts of TRACE, offering evidence that it is able to outperform the existing representative methods in terms of both compression ratio and transmission cost.
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5

Valkovic, V., R. Zeisler, G. Bernasconi, and P. R. Danesi. "REFERENCE MATERIALS FOR MICRO-ANALYTICAL NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES." International Journal of PIXE 02, no. 04 (1992): 651–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083592000683.

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Direct application of many existing reference materials in micro-analytical procedures such as energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), particle induced x-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) and ion probe techniques for the determination of trace elements is often impossible or difficult because: 1) other constituents present in large amounts interfere with the determination; 2) trace components are not sufficiently homogeneously distributed in the sample. Therefore specific natural-matrix reference materials containing very low levels of trace elements and having high degree of homogeneity are required for many micro-analytical procedures. In this report, selection of the types of environmental and biological materials which are suitable for micro-analytical techniques will be discussed.
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6

Kaplan, Scott F., Yannis Smaragdakis, and Paul R. Wilson. "Flexible reference trace reduction for VM simulations." ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 13, no. 1 (2003): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/778553.778554.

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7

Schümann, Klaus. "Dietary reference intakes for trace elements revisited." Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 20, no. 1 (2006): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2006.01.007.

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8

Zygmunt, Bogdan, and J. Namieśnik. "Reference materials in environmental trace organic analysis." Accreditation and Quality Assurance 5, no. 5 (2000): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050442.

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9

Holliday, M. A., and C. S. Ellis. "Accuracy of memory reference traces of parallel computations in trace-drive simulation." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 3, no. 1 (1992): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/71.113085.

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10

Zheng, Jian, Yang Song Zhang, Xing Xi Shi, and Xiao Zhao Li. "Estimation of Mean Trace Length Based on Trace Maps Measured by GPS-RTK." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 2141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2141.

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Based on measurement data acquired by GPS-RTK (Real Time Kinematic) technology, this paper established a three-dimensional traces model on digital terrain. Then Zhang and Einstein method and H-H method were chosen to estimate the mean trace length of discontinuities. The results using these two methods are both very close to the reference value. It shows the feasibility of these methods and the rules for setting digital windows in this case.
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11

Sanchis, Charlotte, and Alfred Hanssen. "Enhanced local correlation stacking method." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 3 (2011): V33—V45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3552687.

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Stacking is a common technique to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and the imaging quality of seismic data. Conventional stacking that averages equally a collection of normal moveout corrected or migrated shot gathers with a common reflection point is not always satisfactory. Instead, we propose a novel time-dependent weighted average stacking method that utilizes local correlation between each individual trace and a chosen reference trace as a measure of weight and a new weight normalization scheme that ensures meaningful amplitudes of the output. Three different reference traces have been proposed. These are based on conventional stacking, S/N estimation, and Kalman filtering. The outputs of the enhanced stacking methods, as well as their reference traces, were compared on both synthetic data and real marine migrated subsalt data. We conclude that both S/N estimation and Kalman reference stacking methods as well as the output of the enhanced stacking method yield consistently better results than conventional stacking. They exhibit cleaner and better defined reflection events and a larger number of reflections. We found that the Kalman reference method produces the best overall seismic image contrast and reveals many more reflected events, but at the cost of a higher noise level and a longer processing time. Thus, enhanced stacking using S/N estimation as reference method is a possible alternative that has the advantages of running faster, but also emphasizes some reflected events under the subsalt structure.
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12

Edigbue, Paul, Abdullatif Al-Shuhail, and Sherif M. Hanafy. "Three-dimensional supervirtual seismic refraction interferometry: A case study in western Saudi Arabia." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (2021): B123—B133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0310.1.

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The semiautomatic seismic refraction supervirtual interferometry (SVI) algorithm has been developed to improve the conventional SVI method. The conventional SVI method uses convolution techniques and involves the raw trace, which reintroduces noise back into the enhanced trace. However, the semiautomatic method uses a first-arrival reference picked from a raw trace to compute the arrival times of all enhanced virtual traces. The semiautomatic SVI method has been extended recently from 2D to 3D geometry and applied on a synthetic 3D seismic data set using the raw traces of only one inline. We have developed a case study of the semiautomatic 3D SVI method by applying the algorithm on an active seismic refraction data set that consists of 82,944 raw traces from 288 shot gathers that use an accelerated weight drop source. Due to possible differences in the source wavelet among shots, the semiautomatic 3D SVI method is applied on the 288 raw traces from each shot gather separately. The SVI technique generates 41,328 distinct correlograms from one shot, which results in the production of a trace with a much better signal-to-noise ratio.
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13

McNeal, Natosha. "Pharmacists in Action : Immunization Quick Reference Guide; postgraduate training opportunities; track and trace." Pharmacy Today 23, no. 1 (2017): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptdy.2016.12.029.

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14

Mahjur, A., A. H. Jahangir, and A. H. Gholamipour. "On the performance of trace locality of reference." Performance Evaluation 60, no. 1-4 (2005): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peva.2004.10.018.

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15

Berman, S. S., and R. E. Sturgeon. "New marine biological reference materials for trace metals." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 326, no. 7 (1987): 712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00473537.

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16

Holyńska, B., J. Jasion, M. Lankosz, A. Markowicz, and W. Baran. "Soil SO-1 reference material for trace analysis." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie 332, no. 3 (1988): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00492970.

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17

Agrawal, A. K. "Certified reference materials of trace elements in water." Bulletin of Materials Science 28, no. 4 (2005): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02704252.

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18

Zhao, Tian Qi, Xin Zhu Sang, Yang Dong Liu, et al. "A Novel Method to Automatically Generate Depth Maps Based on Trace Points." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3890.

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A novel method to automatically generate the depth map is presented, when the depth maps of reference images located before and after the target image in the same image sequence are given. A novel grid dividing method and a joint feature response model are proposed to adaptively select trace points, and an image deformation algorithm is given to track depth maps with the trace points. Experimental results show that the proposed method can generate depth maps effectively and accurately, which can meet the industrial needs in 2D-3D conversion.
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19

Wei, Jianhuan, Yujie Wu, Jinfeng Gao, and Jingjing Ye. "Accurate Determination of Trace Sulfur in Superalloys and Its Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2706, no. 1 (2024): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2706/1/012068.

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Abstract The accurate determination technology of trace sulfur in superalloys adopts the latest infrared carbon/sulfur analyzer CS844ES, and carries out technological innovation in five aspects: the three calibrations technology at both ends, the ultrapure composite flux, the reference material traceability technology, the blank influence value determination technology, and the criteria for the accurate determination of trace sulfur. The lower limit of sulfur measurement is extended to 0.5ppm. After appraisal, it has reached the international advanced level. Two reference materials of wrought superalloy GH4169 with trace Sulfur concentration were developed by this technology. Finally, the accurate determination technology of trace Sulfur in superalloys, independent intellectual property rights and trace sulfur reference materials constitute a “Trinity” technical system. This technical system was used to measure GH4169 superalloy in the United States and China at the same time, and the results showed that there are differences in sulfur content among them. This technology is mainly applied independently and has been applied in relevant units and won many technical awards.
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20

Choi, Yunseok, and Tariq Alkhalifah. "Source-independent time-domain waveform inversion using convolved wavefields: Application to the encoded multisource waveform inversion." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 5 (2011): R125—R134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2010-0210.1.

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Full waveform inversion requires a good estimation of the source wavelet to improve our chances of a successful inversion. This is especially true for an encoded multisource time-domain implementation, which, conventionally, requires separate-source modeling, as well as the Fourier transform of wavefields. As an alternative, we have developed the source-independent time-domain waveform inversion using convolved wavefields. Specifically, the misfit function consists of the convolution of the observed wavefields with a reference trace from the modeled wavefield, plus the convolution of the modeled wavefields with a reference trace from the observed wavefield. In this case, the source wavelet of the observed and the modeled wavefields are equally convolved with both terms in the misfit function, and thus, the effects of the source wavelets are eliminated. Furthermore, because the modeled wavefields play a role of low-pass filtering, the observed wavefields in the misfit function, the frequency-selection strategy from low to high can be easily adopted just by setting the maximum frequency of the source wavelet of the modeled wavefields; and thus, no filtering is required. The gradient of the misfit function is computed by back-propagating the new residual seismograms and applying the imaging condition, similar to reverse-time migration. In the synthetic data evaluations, our waveform inversion yields inverted models that are close to the true model, but demonstrates, as predicted, some limitations when random noise is added to the synthetic data. We also realized that an average of traces is a better choice for the reference trace than using a single trace.
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21

Lyu, Feng, Jie Zhang, Huali Lu, et al. "SynthCAT: Synthesizing Cellular Association Traces with Fusion of Model-Based and Data-Driven Approaches." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 8, no. 4 (2024): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3699730.

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The scarcity of publicly available cellular association traces hinders user location-based research and various data-driven services, highlighting the importance of data synthesis in this field. In this paper, we investigate the cellular association trace synthesis (CATS) problem, aiming to generate diverse and realistic cellular association traces based on road segment-based trajectories and corresponding departure times. To substantiate our research, we first gather substantial data, including road segment-based trajectories, base station (BS) distribution, and ground truths of cellular association traces. We then perform systematic data analysis to reveal technical challenges such as disparity in geographic spaces, complex and dynamic BS handover, and poor performance of single-dimension approaches. To address these challenges, we propose SynthCAT, a novel scheme that fuses model-based and data-driven approaches. Specifically, SynthCAT includes: i) A model-based coarse-grained cellular association trace generation component, encompassing GPS reference generation, weighted historical average time generation, Bayesian decision, and time mapping modules. This component establishes a unified GPS space to map road and BS spaces, generates initial time information, synthesizes coarse-grained spatial cellular association traces by following explicit BS handover rules, and maps the corresponding arrival time for each trace point; ii) A fine-grained cellular association trace generation component, which combines model-based and data-driven approaches. This employs a two-stage Autoencoder Generative Adversarial Network (AEGAN) to refine cellular association traces based on the coarse-grained ones. Extensive field experiments validate the efficacy of SynthCAT in terms of trace similarity to ground truths and its efficiency in supporting practical downstream applications.
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22

Forte, Giovanni, Sonia D’Ilio, and Sergio Caroli. "Honey as a Candidate Reference Material for Trace Elements." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 84, no. 6 (2001): 1972–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/84.6.1972.

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Abstract The feasibility of producing and certifying new certified reference materials (CRMs) for trace elements in honey was investigated. Preliminary steps for preparation of candidate materials are performed at the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (EC-JRC-IRMM). Two different types of honey, Acacia and Eucalyptus, were tested for determination of 10 trace elements. To each type of honey was added a given amount of high purity deionized water to obtain aqueous solutions with an acceptable degree of homogeneity which would require only minimal manipulation before analysis. Average values obtained for the trace elements by means of inductively coupled plasma-based techniques were as follows (in μg/kg ± SD): Acacia honey, As, 1.10 ± 0.20; Cd, 0.328 ± 0.035; Cr, 1.90 ± 0.22; Cu, 67.0 ± 5; Fe, 215 ± 30; Hg, < 0.75; Mn, 82.1 ± 6.2; Ni, 21.0 ± 3.0; Pb, 2.30 ± 0.25; Se, 9.10 ± 1.2; Zn, 167 ± 22; Eucalyptus honey, As, 5.99 ± 0.10; Cd, 0.592 ± 0.074; Cr, 1.50 ± 0.07; Cu, 219 ± 24; Fe, 1008 ± 114; Hg, <0.75; Mn, 1009 ± 51; Ni, 11.3 ± 1.5; Pb, 5.00 ± 0.40; Se, 5.60 ± 0.91; Zn, 791 ± 91. When these 2 pilot materials are ready, the certification project will be launched in full compliance with current rules set by EC-JRC-IRMM. If the project is successful, the new CRMs will be put primarily at the disposal of the National Reference Laboratories for trace elements.
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23

WANG, XINGYUAN, BIN JIA, and MINGJUN WANG. "ACTIVE TRACKING CONTROL OF THE HYPERCHAOTIC LC OSCILLATOR SYSTEM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 21, no. 20 (2007): 3643–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979207037557.

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This paper presents an active tracking control strategy of the four-dimensional hyperchaotic LC oscillator system based on the theory of stability of the linear system. This strategy can track all kinds of reference signals. It is also proved that the strategy can make the system converge to any desired smooth orbit exponentially in theory. Numerical simulations have shown that the proposed strategy can not only trace the given reference signals, but the response system can also be in different-structure synchronization with the drive system.
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24

M., Satyanarayanan, Kumari Anju, S. V. Subramanyam K., S. Sawant S., and Balaram V. "Trace and rare earth elements in the new gabbro-norite geochemical reference material." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Nov 2013 (2013): 2051–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792571.

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CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-500 007, India Department of Applied Geology, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826 004, Jharkhand, India Geochemical analysis of rock and related materials involves determination of major oxides, minor and trace elements, out of which precise determination of trace elements including rare earth elements (REE) is difficult as it involves stringent sample processing and analysis protocols. Trace elements which includes large ion lithophile elements (LILE), high field strength elements (HFSE) and REE, are used in several geochemical discrimination plots to decipher tectonic settings, crystallization history, mineral paragenesis, etc., and hence their accurate determination is important in order to derive meaningful conclusions. Several methods prescribing digestion procedures are available in literature, which are meant for analysis of specific group of elements. An attempt is made here in this study to compare the different digestion techniques viz. open acid digestion, closed acid digestion and fusion methods for effective recovery of trace and REE. Two new geochemical reference materials under preparation at the CSIR-NGRI viz. high and low grade PGE ores, collected from gabbro-norite body in Baula-Nuasahi Complex, Odisha were used not only to evaluate the effectiveness of acid dissolution for many trace elements including REE, but also to determine informative values of analytes measured. The data acquired from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were subjected to removal of outliers (analyte outlying from the assigned value) using measures of central tendency and Z-scores. The trace elements values were then compiled for individual digestion methods for low and high grade samples, which were found to be nearer to the assigned value (within 5 to 6% RSD for most the analytes). Out of all the digestion techniques, the closed digestion method was found to be more effective in recovering most of the trace elements.
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25

Chesters, John K. "Trace element–gene interactions with particular reference to zinc." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, no. 2 (1991): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19910023.

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26

Diver, F. S., D. Littlejohn, T. D. B. Lyon, and G. S. Fell. "Human albumin as a reference material for trace elements." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 332, no. 6 (1988): 627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00472656.

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27

Iyengar, G. V. "Reevaluation of the trace element content in Reference Man." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 51, no. 4-6 (1998): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(97)00202-8.

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28

Radley, J. D. "Reply to Donovan et al., Comment on 'Bioerosion, preparation and curation'." Geological Curator 8, no. 4 (2005): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc359.

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I welcome Stephen Donovan, Caroline Hensley and David Lewis's positive response to a note recent published in The Geological Curator (Radley & Twitchett 2004), reinforcing the case for the preservation and curation of trace fossils as repositories of palaeobiological and palaeoenvironmental information. With reference to the perceived subservience of bioerosion traces to the body fossils on which they are commonly preserved; this would be hard to deny for their status, often unrecognised, amongst many collections. Hopefully this correspondence, and a forthcoming thematic set of papers in The Geological Curator concerning curation of trace fossils, will go some way to furthering their cause within museums.
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Li, Shenglin, Pingsong Zhang, and Chaoqiang Xi. "Impulse Processing Algorithm for Random Source Signals of Roadheaders That Is Based on Compound Interferometry." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 26, no. 1 (2021): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32389/jeeg20-026.

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The boom-type roadheader is the main equipment for realizing the mechanization of coal drifting in coal mines, and it is an indispensable production equipment in major coal-producing countries. Substantial vibrations are generated during the operation of a roadheader; these vibrations carry substantial energy and, thus, can be regarded as a potential source and used for seismic advance detection purposes in mine drifts. Compared with a conventional exploration source, a roadheader source produces a complex continuous random signal. The shape of a seismic wavelet is uncertain and its duration is relatively long; thus, it must be processed into a conventional pulse signal before it can be used for subsequent processing and analysis. Therefore, based on the advantages of seismic interferometry in random signal processing, two seismic interference techniques, namely, deconvolution and cross-correlation, are introduced for constructing a compound interference algorithm. On the basis of a theoretically derived formula, a random signal impulse processing experiment is conducted using field-acquired source signals from a roadheader; this approach resolves the problem that cross-correlation alone cannot yield ideal results. Hence, a feasible algorithm for the impulse processing of a random signal, namely, the compound interference algorithm, is proposed. The algorithm deconvolves each seismic trace to obtain the reference trace and other receiver traces after compressing the wavelet. Then, the reference trace and each receiver trace are cross-correlated, and the wavelet time delay information of each correlated wavelet pulse, namely, the wavelet time delay information of the receiver trace relative to the reference trace, is obtained. Accordingly, the direct wave and reflected waves are recognized. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm, an algorithm application experiment is conducted for another group of random source signals that were collected by a roadheader under different coal drift conditions. Again, the algorithm processing results are consistent with the single-shot record characteristics of an explosive source. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can satisfy the requirements for engineering exploration and analysis. A comprehensive analysis further demonstrates that the compound interference algorithm is both feasible and effective and that the processed seismic signals can be used for subsequent processing and interpretation.
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Hwang, Jeonghwan, and Ji Won Yoon. "An Automated End-to-End Side Channel Analysis Based on Probabilistic Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 2369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072369.

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In this paper, we propose a new automated way to find out the secret exponent from a single power trace. We segment the power trace into subsignals that are directly related to recovery of the secret exponent. The proposed approach does not need the reference window to slide, templates nor correlation coefficients compared to previous manners. Our method detects change points in the power trace to explore the locations of the operations and is robust to unexpected noise addition. We first model the change point detection problem to catch the subsignals irrelevant to the secret and solve this problem with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) which gives a global optimal solution. After separating the relevant and irrelevant parts in signal, we extract features from the segments and group segments into clusters to find the key exponent. Using single power trace indicates the weakest power level of attacker where there is a very slight chance of acquiring as many power traces as needed for breaking the key. We empirically show the improvement in accuracy even with presence of high level of noise.
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31

Tièche, Colin Charles, Markus Dubach, and Martin Zieger. "Efficient DNA Sampling in Burglary Investigations." Genes 13, no. 1 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13010026.

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In terms of crime scene investigations by means of forensic DNA-analyses, burglaries are the number one mass crime in Switzerland. Around one third of the DNA trace profiles registered in the Swiss DNA database are related to burglaries. However, during the collection of potential DNA traces within someone’s residence after a burglary, it is not known whether the sampled DNA originated from the perpetrator or from an inhabitant of said home. Because of the high incidence of burglaries, crime scene investigators usually do not collect reference samples from all the residents for economical and administrative reasons. Therefore, the presumably high probability that a DNA profile belonging to a person authorized to be at the crime scene ends up being sent to a DNA database for comparison, has to be taken into account. To our knowledge, no investigation has been made to evaluate the percentage of these non-perpetrator profiles straying into DNA databases. To shed light on this question, we collected reference samples from residents who had been victims of recent burglaries in their private homes. By comparing the profiles established from these reference samples with the profiles generated from trace DNA, we can show that the majority of the DNA samples collected in burglary investigations belong to the residents. Despite the limited number of cases included in the study, presumably due to a crime decline caused by the pandemic, we further show that trace DNA collection in the vicinity of the break and entry area, in particular window and door glasses, is most promising for sampling perpetrator instead of inhabitant DNA.
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HIROKAWA, TAKESHI, SHINJI TANAKA, SATOSHI YOSHIDA, et al. "TRACE ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM METAL REFERENCE STANDARDS BY PIXE METHOD." International Journal of PIXE 02, no. 01 (1992): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083592000099.

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Trace elements in thick samples of aluminum metal reference standards were analyzed by means of PIXE and ICP-AES. The samples were SRM1258 and SRM1259 from National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.A.) and 1-A, 3, 4-A and 83 from Japan light metal association. The observed PIXE spectrum was converted “into that of a hypothetical thin target and it was analyzed using a relative intensity database for thin target. A good agreement was obtained between the certified and the found amount of the trace elements. The analytical results for SRM1258 and SRM1259 obtained by ICP-AES method also agreed well with the present results confirming the analytical accuracy.
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Li, Yu Lei, Dong Mei Liao, and Rui Rui. "Uncertainty Evaluation of Copper Reference Solution." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1827.

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In fuel-fired power plants, error resulting from test process of copper content should be decreased to minimum because trace copper is in the steam-water. 100μg/mL copper reference solution is prepared in the laboratory and its concentration is determined by means of EDTA compleximetry. Then the uncertainty is analyzed and calculated from every factor. The result shows that the expanded uncertainty of 100μg/mL copper reference solution is 0.6μg/mL.
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Komarova, Tatiana, Daniel McKeating, Anthony V. Perkins, and Ujang Tinggi. "Trace Element Analysis in Whole Blood and Plasma for Reference Levels in a Selected Queensland Population, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (2021): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052652.

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The levels of trace elements in whole blood and plasma have been widely used for assessing nutritional status and monitoring exposure and can vary widely in populations from different geographical regions. In this study, whole blood samples (n = 120) and plasma samples (n = 120) were obtained from healthy donors attending the Red Cross Blood Bank (Queensland Red Cross Blood Service), which provided information for age and sex. There were 71 males (age range: 19–73 years) and 49 females (age range: 18–72 years) for whole blood samples, and 59 males (age range: 19–81 years) and 61 females (age range: 19–73 years) for plasma samples. The main aim of the study was to provide information on blood reference levels of 21 trace elements (Ag, Al, As, Bi, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, U, V, Zn) in Queensland. The study also aimed to assess differences in trace element blood levels between males and females and the effect of age. The trace element levels in blood samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the standard reference materials of Seronorm (Trace Elements Whole Blood) and UTAK (Trace Elements Serum) were used for quality control and assurance. The study found wide variations of trace element levels in whole blood and plasma, and generally the levels were comparable to other countries. No detectable levels were found for Bi, Cr, U and V in whole blood, but V levels were found in plasma samples. There were significant differences between males and females for whole blood Cu (p < 0.001), I (p = 0.009), Tl (p = 0.016) and Zn (p = 0.016). Significant differences were also found for plasma Cu (p < 0.001) and Se (p = 0.003) between males and females. There were trends of increased levels of blood Pb, Se and Zn with age. The study has provided further information on a wide range of trace elements in blood as reference levels for Queensland and Australia which are currently lacking.
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35

Oliver, A., KR Allen, and J. Taylor. "Trace element concentrations in patients on home enteral feeding: two cases of severe copper deficiency." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 42, no. 2 (2005): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0004563053492829.

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Background: Enteral feeding is the fastest growing area of artificial nutrition, with the annual rate of growth being estimated at 20-25% a year. Previous studies have demonstrated trace element deficiencies in patients on long-term home enteral nutrition (HEN). Methods: The trace elements zinc, selenium, copper and manganese were measured in blood samples from 37 patients on HEN using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: Plasma zinc concentrations (range 7.4-14.4 µmol/L) were below the reference range (12.6-22.0 µmol/L) in 30 patients, plasma selenium concentrations (range 0.73-1.76 µmol/L) were below the reference range (0.8-2.0 µmol/L) in only one patient. Whole blood manganese (range 74-309 nmol/L) and plasma manganese (range 13-51 nmol/L) were above both respective reference ranges (73-210 nmol/L and 9-24 nmol/L) in four patients. Two patients showed severely low plasma copper concentrations of 2.4 µmol/L and 2.5 µmol/L, and responded to treatment with extra copper supplementation. Conclusion: Although enteral feeds contain adequate concentrations of trace elements, problems with bioavailability may occur and patients receiving long-term enteral feeding should be monitored with regard to plasma trace element concentrations.
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36

Davis, Sean L., Gustaaf B. Jacobs, Oishik Sen, and H. S. Udaykumar. "SPARSE—A subgrid particle averaged Reynolds stress equivalent model: testing with a priori closure." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 473, no. 2199 (2017): 20160769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0769.

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A Lagrangian particle cloud model is proposed that accounts for the effects of Reynolds-averaged particle and turbulent stresses and the averaged carrier-phase velocity of the subparticle cloud scale on the averaged motion and velocity of the cloud. The SPARSE (subgrid particle averaged Reynolds stress equivalent) model is based on a combination of a truncated Taylor expansion of a drag correction function and Reynolds averaging. It reduces the required number of computational parcels to trace a cloud of particles in Eulerian–Lagrangian methods for the simulation of particle-laden flow. Closure is performed in an a priori manner using a reference simulation where all particles in the cloud are traced individually with a point-particle model. Comparison of a first-order model and SPARSE with the reference simulation in one dimension shows that both the stress and the averaging of the carrier-phase velocity on the cloud subscale affect the averaged motion of the particle. A three-dimensional isotropic turbulence computation shows that only one computational parcel is sufficient to accurately trace a cloud of tens of thousands of particles.
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Olise, F. S., O. K. Owoade, and H. B. Olaniyi. "TXRF Technique in Trace Level Analysis of Environmental Samples." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 3, no. 2 (2006): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-2006-3_2_09.

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Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence (TXRF) technique capability in the multi-elemental analysis of samples of diverse matrices is reported. This technique has been used in the simultaneous assay of geological, environmental and biological samples. The TXRF technique having an advantage over the conventional Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique in detecting elements at trace concentrations, 10 ppb, is demonstrated. The IAEA Soil 7 reference standard was analysed to attest to the accuracy and precision of the technique. The measured results and the reference or certified values of the reference standard were in good agreement. For most analysed elements, the precision in this work was better than 1.20%.
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38

Emons, Hendrik, Andrea Held, and Franz Ulberth. "Reference materials as crucial tools for quality assurance and control in food analysis." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 1 (2006): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678010135.

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The role of reference materials (RMs) in analytical quality assurance (QA) is outlined with special emphasis on trace element analysis of foodstuff. Crucial aspects for the development of such food RMs are illustrated by a recent example of trace elements in rice flour. Major influences on the uncertainty of certified values are discussed and possibilities to enhance the availability and fitness-for-purpose of RMs as well as their proper use are indicated.
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39

Guerrero Villagómez, Fernando. "El Ídolo de Almoloya del Río, México: Notas y comentarios en torno a una escultura que surgió del agua / The Idol of Almoloya del Río, Mexico: Notes and comments about a sculpture that emerged from the water." Revista Trace, no. 82 (July 31, 2022): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.82.2022.838.

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El presente ensayo expone una serie de reflexiones en torno a una escultura monolítica de origen prehispánico ubicada en la comunidad de Almoloya del Río en el Estado de México. De ella destacan diferentes atributos: desde sus características iconográficas y plásticas hasta su procedencia, presumiblemente cercana a un asentamiento prehispánico ligado a un entorno lacustre. Estos atributos contribuyen a identificar su probable significado y función, a pesar de no contar con información precisa del contexto de donde fue extraída. Con todo y ello, la muestra constituye un referente único de la expresión escultórica local que promete desvelar aspectos cosmogónicos de los grupos humanos que habitaron la región en el periodo previo al contacto español.Abstract: The present essay tries to expose a series of reflections around a monolithic sculpture of pre-Hispanic origin located in the community of Almoloya del Río in the State of Mexico. Different attributes stand out from it, ranging from its iconographic and plastic characteristics, as well as its origin, which is presumed to be close to a pre-Hispanic settlement linked to a lake environment, aspects that contribute to the identification of its probable meaning and function, despite of not having the precise information of the context from where it was extracted. All in all, the exhibition constitutes a unique reference point for the local sculptural expression that promises to reveal cosmogonic aspects of the human groups that inhabited the region for the pre-hispanic period.Keywords: archaeology; sculpture; Almoloya; matlatzincas; olmecs.Résumé : Cet essai vise à présenter une série de réflexions sur une sculpture monolithique d’origine préhispanique située dans la communauté d’Almoloya del Río dans l’État de Mexico. Différents attributs en ressortent, allant de ses caractéristiques iconographiques et plastiques, ainsi que son origine, présumée proche d’un peuplement préhispanique lié à un environnement lacustre, aspects qui contribuent à l’identification de sa signification probable et fonction, bien qu’elle ne dispose pas d’informations précises sur le contexte d’où elle a été extraite. Avec tout cela, l’échantillon constitue une référence unique de l’expression sculpturale locale qui promet de révéler les aspects cosmogoniques des groupes humains qui ont habité la région pendant la période précédant le contact espagnol.Mots-clés : archéologie ; sculpture ; Almoloya ; matlatzincas ; olmèques.
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40

Versieck, J., L. Vanballenberghe, A. Dekesel, J. Hoste, B. Wallaeys, and J. Vandenhaute. "Biological reference materials for trace-element analysis - What is new." Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 93, no. 3 (1988): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.093.060.

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41

TONG, Chunhan. "Some Trace Element Contents of Three Chinese Gold Reference Samples." Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research 14, no. 1 (1990): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-908x.1990.tb00063.x.

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42

Atmodjo, D. P. D., S. Kurniawati, D. D. Lestiani, and N. Adventini. "INAA Application for Trace Element Determination in Biological Reference Material." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 860 (June 2017): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/860/1/012017.

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43

Diplock, A. T. "Trace elements in human health with special reference to selenium." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, no. 5 (1987): 1313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/45.5.1313.

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MIEKELEY, N., M. DIASCARNEIRO, and C. PORTODASILVEIRA. "How reliable are human hair reference intervals for trace elements?" Science of The Total Environment 218, no. 1 (1998): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00185-5.

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45

Cornelis, Rita. "Use of reference materials in trace element analysis of foodstuffs." Food Chemistry 43, no. 4 (1992): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90218-q.

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46

Anderson, D. L., R. G. Downing, and G. V. Iyengar. "Trace elements in food reference materials: compositional and analytical perspectives." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 352, no. 1-2 (1995): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00322307.

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Dybczyński, Rajmund, Halina Polkowska-Motrenko, Zbigniew Samczyński, and Zygmunt Szopa. "New Polish certified reference materials for multielement inorganic trace analysis." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 345, no. 2-4 (1993): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00322563.

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48

Kaplan, Scott F. "Complete or fast reference trace collection for simulating multiprogrammed workloads." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 32, no. 1 (2004): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1012888.1005747.

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49

Justus, C. G., Aleta Duvall, and D. L. Johnson. "Earth global reference atmospheric model (GRAM-99) and trace constituents." Advances in Space Research 34, no. 8 (2004): 1731–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.057.

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50

Luo, Yang, Jing Wang, Yan Xiao, et al. "Natural ilmenite reference material for trace elemental in situ microanalysis." Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy 209 (November 2023): 106798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2023.106798.

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