To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Traffic generator design.
Journal articles on the topic 'Traffic generator design'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Traffic generator design.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
ADHYANA, GUPTA. "HARDWARE SOFTWARE CO-SIMULATION FOR TRAFFIC LOAD COMPUTATION USING MATLAB SIMULINK MODEL BLOCKSET." International Journal of Computational Science and Information Technology (IJCSITY) 1, May (2013): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3597180.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Due to increase in number of vehicles, Traffic is a major problem faced in urban areas throughout the world. This document presents a newly developed Matlab Simulink model to compute traffic load for real time traffic signal control. Signal processing, video and image processing and Xilinx Blockset have been extensively used for traffic load computation. The approach used is Edge detection operation, wherein, Edges are extracted to identify the number of vehicles. The developed model computes the results with greater degrees of accuracy and is capable of being used to set the green signal duration so as to release the traffic dynamically on traffic junctions. Xilinx System Generator (XSG) provides Simulink Blockset for several hardware operations that could be implemented on various Xilinx Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The method described in this paper involves object feature identification and detection. Xilinx System Generator provides some blocks to transform data provided from the software side of the simulation environment to the hardware side. In our case it is MATLAB Simulink to System Generator blocks. This is an important concept to understand in the design process using Xilinx System Generator. The Xilinx System Generator, embedded in MATLAB Simulink is used to program the model and then test on the FPGA board using the properties of hardware co-simulation tools. <strong>KEYWORDS </strong> Vehicle detection, Image processing, FPGA, Xilinx System Generator, Edge Detection.
2
Viola, Alessia, Vincenzo Franzitta, Giovanni Cipriani, Vincenzo Di Dio, Francesco Maria Raimondi, and Marco Trapanese. "A Magnetostrictive Electric Power Generator for Energy Harvesting From Traffic: Design and Experimental Verification." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51, no. 11 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2015.2454442.
Full text
3
Sabri, M., Jason Lauzuardy, and Bustami Syam. "Design mechanic generator under speed bumper to support electricity recourse for urban traffic light." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 126 (March 2018): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012014.
Full text
4
Lee, Robin, and Young Ho Nam. "A Design and Implementation of MCC Test Cases Generator using Binary Numbers." Korean Institute of Smart Media 13, no. 8 (2024): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30693/smj.2024.13.8.9.
Full textAbstract:
Software testing is essential in the software development process. Modified Condition / Decision Coverage (MC/DC) is a test case derivation technique that enhances the stability and reliability of software by effectively verifying complex conditions and decision structures. We propose the MCC Test Cases (MTC) generator in this study. This generator generates Multiple Condition Coverage (MCC) test cases using binary numbers to confirm the maximum coverage value of MC/DC testing. The proposed MTC generator utilizes some conditions from the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)-II specification. It converts them into a Comma-Separated Values (CSV) file and then validates the coverage results through the VectorCAST program. So, MC/DC testing was performed using the MCC test case to confirm the maximum coverage value when performing MC/DC tests for each condition of the TCAS-II specification. This research is helpful for the verification of MC/DC test cases by confirming the maximum coverage value when performing MC/DC tests. Moreover, having more test cases increases the likelihood of discovering defects. Therefore, it can improve the efficiency of software test coverage verification, as well as the quality and stability of software.
5
R, A. Ofosu, K. Annan J, and N. Bosro J. "A Piezoelectric Green Energy Source for Powering Traffic Lights and Charging Mobile Phones." Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources 5, no. 2 (2019): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3374313.
Full textAbstract:
Electricity has become a major need of present day civilization and its demand is increasing rapidly. This increasing demand renders some electrical loads unable to function; these loads may be the traffic lights on our roads which use the national grid as their main source of power supply. In order to satisfy the rising energy demands of electricity, a cleaner and renewable power source needs to be explored. This paper emphasized on one of the promising electricity generation methods using piezoelectric materials. In this work the Navy type III Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) material was employed. A circuit was designed to convert the pressure from moving vehicles on our roads into an electric power to power the traffic lights and also charge mobile phones. In the design, microcontroller was used to read the charging rate of the battery and the result was displayed on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The design was simulated using Proteus 8.3 Professional software. The results from the simulations indicated that the power generated is sufficient to power the traffic lights and also charge mobile phones.
6
Doci, Arta, and Fatos Xhafa. "WIT: A Wireless Integrated Traffic Model." Mobile Information Systems 4, no. 3 (2008): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/341498.
Full textAbstract:
Simulation is a common approach for designing ad hoc network applications, due to the slow deployment of these networks. The main building blocks of ad hoc network applications are the routing protocols, mobility, and traffic models. Several studies, which use synthetic models, show that mobility and traffic have a significant effect on protocol performance. Synthetic models do not realistically reflect the environment where the ad hoc networks will be deployed. In addition, mobility and traffic tools are designed independently of each other, however real trace data challenge that assumption. Indeed, recent protocol performance evaluation using real testbeds show that performance evaluations under real testbeds and simulations that use synthetic models differ significantly. In this paper we consider jointly both real mobility and traffic for protocol performance evaluation. The contributions of this work are as follows: (1) demonstrates that real mobility and traffic are interconnected; (2) announces the design and implementation of WIT –Wireless Integrated Traffic–, which includes the design of a real traffic generator; (3) shows that under real mobility and integrated traffic the performance metrics need to be re-thought, thus we propose availability as a new ad hoc network protocol performance metric; and, finally, (4) evaluates protocol performance under synthetic and real mobility models with integrated traffic. We believe that the results of our work constitute a step forward toward benchmarking of ad hoc network performance evaluations.
7
Ghods, M., Z. Nasiri-Gheidari, F. Tootoonchian, and H. Oraee. "Design Improvement of a Small, Outer Rotor, Permanent Magnet Vernier Generator for Supplying Traffic Enforcement Camera." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 33, no. 3 (2018): 1213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2018.2803058.
Full text
8
Darvade,, Rutuja. "Electricity Generation Using Hybrid Power." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34801.
Full textAbstract:
The project's objective is to design a wind turbine to recapture wind energy from vehicles on the highway. Wind energy is considered the fastest-growing clean energy source however; it is limited by variable natural wind. Highways can provide a considerable amount of wind to drive a turbine due to high vehicle traffic. This kinetic Energy is unused. Research on wind patterns was used to determine the average wind velocity created by oncoming vehicles. The wind turbines are designed to be placed on the medians therefore fluid flow from both sides of the highway will be considered in the design. Using all of the collected data, existing streetlights on the medians can be fitted with these wind turbines. The design of the turbines consists of blades, collars, bearings, a shaft, gears, and a generator. Additionally, since the wind source will fluctuate, a storage system for the power generated was designed to distribute and maintain a constant power source. Ideally, the turbine can be used globally as an unlimited power source for streetlights and other public amenities. Keywords: wind energy, high vehicle traffic, turbines, blades, collars, bearings, etc.
9
Ben Brahim, Sonia, Amira Zrelli, Samia Dardouri, and Ridha Bouallegue. "Optimized Architecture for Efficient OFDMA Network Design." Telecom 5, no. 4 (2024): 1051–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/telecom5040054.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents a novel approach to enhancing the design and performance of OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) networks, with a particular focus on WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for Best Effort (BE) services. The proposed method integrates a robust Markovian analytical model with four advanced scheduling algorithms: throughput fairness, resource fairness, opportunistic scheduling, and throttling. A sophisticated simulator was developed, incorporating an ON/OFF traffic generator, user-specific wireless channels, and a dynamic central scheduler to validate the model’s accuracy and evaluate its robustness by dynamically allocating radio resources per frame. The validation study showed that the proposed model reduced simulation time by over 90%, completing analytical calculations in just 15 min, compared to nearly 2 days for simulations using conventional scheduling algorithms. Performance metrics such as the average number of active users and resource utilization closely matched those from the validation study, confirming the model’s accuracy. In the robustness study, the model consistently performed well across diverse traffic distributions (exponential and Pareto) and channel conditions. The proposed architecture increased network throughput by up to 25% and reduced latency under dynamic conditions, demonstrating its scalability, adaptability, and efficiency as a crucial solution for next-generation wireless communication systems.
10
Rochman, Sagita, Krishna Wijayakusuma, and Rivaldo Josua Jetrin Rolos. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VERTICAL HELIX SAVONIUS WIND TURBINE FOR PUBLIC STREET LIGHTING." BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 4, no. 2 (2022): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol4.no2.6158.
Full textAbstract:
Wind power generator for lighting public roads in Tambakrejo Village, Sumbermanjing District, Malang Regency in order to minimize the level of traffic accidents. This power plant utilizes wind resources that blow to drive a wind turbine generator that will produce electrical energy. The use of wind to become electrical energy is designed from a vertical helix savonius type wind turbine as a medium for receiving wind gusts that will drive a generator to create electrical energy. The advantage of this helix savonius wind turbine can accommodate all cardinal directions because it has 2 blades that rotate 180. The role of the battery is to store electrical energy before it is distributed for public street lighting. Wind turbines or wind power plants are one of the renewable energy sources that are environmentally friendly and are starting to be widely developed at this time. In the storage and use of this electrical energy, it is very necessary to pay attention so that there is no overcharging / overcharge and excess usage / overdischarge. Therefore, the charge controller battery charging setting is used which will regulate charging or discharging. From the battery it will be connected to the Photocell for automatic control when it is dark and the light will turn on.
11
Barrett, Chris, Martin Drozda, Madhav V. Marathe, S. S. Ravi, and James P. Smith. "A Mobility and Traffic Generation Framework for Modeling and Simulating Ad Hoc Communication Networks." Scientific Programming 12, no. 1 (2004): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/921065.
Full textAbstract:
We present a generic mobility and traffic generation framework that can be incorporated into a tool for modeling and simulating large scale ad~hoc networks. Three components of this framework, namely a mobility data generator (MDG), a graph structure generator (GSG) and an occlusion modification tool (OMT) allow a variety of mobility models to be incorporated into the tool. The MDG module generates positions of transceivers at specified time instants. The GSG module constructs the graph corresponding to the ad hoc network from the mobility data provided by MDG. The OMT module modifies the connectivity of the graph produced by GSG to allow for occlusion effects. With two other modules, namely an activity data generator (ADG) which generates packet transmission activities for transceivers and a packet activity simulator (PAS) which simulates the movement and interaction of packets among the transceivers, the framework allows the modeling and simulation of ad hoc communication networks. The design of the framework allows a user to incorporate various realistic parameters crucial in the simulation. We illustrate the utility of our framework through a comparative study of three mobility models. Two of these are synthetic models (random waypoint and exponentially correlated mobility) proposed in the literature. The third model is based on an urban population mobility modeling tool (TRANSIMS) developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This tool is capable of providing comprehensive information about the demographics, mobility and interactions of members of a large urban population. A comparison of these models is carried out by computing a variety of parameters associated with the graph structures generated by the models. There has recently been interest in the structural properties of graphs that arise in real world systems. We examine two aspects of this for the graphs created by the mobility models: change associated with power control (range of transceivers) and variation in time as transceivers move in space.
12
Blazek, Petr, Radek Fujdiak, Petr Mlynek, and Jiri Misurec. "Development of Cyber-Physical Security Testbed Based on IEC 61850 Architecture." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 25, no. 5 (2019): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.25.5.24361.
Full textAbstract:
The paper focuses on security in industrial control systems. Numerous protocols and their incompatibility are undermining the security design. Also, the IEC 61850 standard focuses on these issues. In detail, it deals with the compatibility between protocols and, partly, security. In the context of this work, a testbed together with the traffic generator for IEC 61850 standard and its three main parts – MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification), GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Events), and Sampled Values - are designed. Additionally, the used generator is compared with an example of RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) used in standard ICS (Industrial Control Systems) networks. The last part of this work consists of the performance testing of the implemented protocols (MMS, GOOSE, and Sampled Values).
13
Ptak, Mariusz, Jacek Karliński, Damian Derlukiewicz, and Paulina Działak. "Design and Numerical Analysis of a Roof-Mounted Bicycle Carrier." Solid State Phenomena 251 (July 2016): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.251.177.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to present the design process and subsequent numerical analysis calculations of a new roof-mounted bicycle carrier for vehicles. The bicycle carrier is mounted on the vehicles longitudinal bars. The designed construction is subjected to both static and dynamic load sets to check if it meets the requirements of ISO 11154 norm – which specifies the minimum safety requests for roof load carrier intended for mounting on the roof of passengers cars and light commercial vehicles with a maximum authorized total mass up to 3,5t. To fulfil the specifications associated to safety, standards and traffic laws test four different software packages were used: CATIA V5 and NACA airfoil generator for designing, Cambridge Engineering Selector for choosing the most suitable materials and Abaqus CAE for Finite Element Analysis.
14
Jiang, Junfeng, Yikang Rui, Bin Ran, and Peng Luo. "Design of an Intelligent Vehicle Behavior Decision Algorithm Based on DGAIL." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (2023): 5648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095648.
Full textAbstract:
With the development of AI, the intelligence level of vehicles is increasing. Structured roads, as common and important traffic scenes, are the most typical application scenarios for realizing autonomous driving. The driving behavior decision-making of intelligent vehicles has always been a controversial and difficult research topic. Currently, the mainstream decision-making methods, which are mainly based on rules, lack adaptability and generalization to the environment. Aimed at the particularity of intelligent vehicle behavior decisions and the complexity of the environment, this thesis proposes an intelligent vehicle driving behavior decision method based on DQN generative adversarial imitation learning (DGAIL) in the structured road traffic environment, in which the DQN algorithm is utilized as a GAIL generator. The results show that the DGAIL method can preserve the design of the reward value function, ensure the effectiveness of training, and achieve safe and efficient driving on structured roads. The experimental results show that, compared with A3C, DQN and GAIL, the model based on DGAIL spends less average training time to achieve a 95% success rate in the straight road scene and merging road scene, respectively. Apparently, this algorithm can effectively accelerate the selection of actions, reduce the randomness of actions during the exploration, and improve the effect of the decision-making model.
15
Gutiérrez-Montor, M., G. A. Yañez-Casas, C. E. Enríquez-Ortiz, and J. J. Hernández-Gómez. "Teletraffic analysis and simulation on FSO systems: the traffic generators approach." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2475, no. 1 (2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2475/1/012003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Free Space Optical Communications (FSO) has become an interesting topic to researchers in recent years since the amount of data generated by devices is growing, and it is necessary to use data links that support high bandwidth to transmit them from one device to another. This technology is used to establish not only terrestrial links but also space links. A CubeSat satellite is generally deployed in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region. To maintain the altitude, the satellite must have a high orbital speed. For that reason, the time to transmit data between a particular ground station and the CubeSat satellite is limited. On the other hand, the volume, mass, and energy storage capacity are restricted in a CubeSat. The greater the bandwidth capacity of radio frequency links, the greater the demand for volume, mass, and energy they require. For that reason, to transmit a significant amount of data, traditional radio frequency links are not suitable and are becoming replaced by FSO as technology improves. Despite research in physical layer technologies on FSO (modulation schemes, error mitigation techniques, pointing and tracking systems), there is very little research in the literature about data link layer protocols for FSO. Secondly, there is little research to measure the data traffic demand on CubeSat satellites so that a certain data link layer protocol can be selected or adapted to be implemented in an FSO system. This paper presents research to address the issue of teletraffic through the use of traffic generators. The result is the design and development of a traffic generator for a discrete event simulator that will later be used to observe the behavior and to measure the performance of the Selective Repeat ARQ protocol in a simulated satellite FSO link, in order to propose improvements to adapt the protocol to this scenario.
16
Najini, Hiba, and Senthil Arumugam Muthukumaraswamy. "Piezoelectric Energy Generation from Vehicle Traffic with Technoeconomic Analysis." Journal of Renewable Energy 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9643858.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a technical simulation based system to support the concept of generating energy from road traffic using piezoelectric materials. The simulation based system design replicates a real life system implementation. It investigates practicality and feasibility using a real-time simulation platform known as MATLAB-Simulink. The system design structure was proposed considering factors involved with the field of material sciences for piezoelectric generator modeling and field of power electronics for additional components in producing a realist outcome. It also ensures ease of vehicle performance, as this system utilizes energy source derived as kinetic energy released from vehicles into electrical power output, that is, obtained by harnessing kinetic energy due to strain of vehicles over asphalt road surface. Due to the real-time simulation platform, the system simulation predicts the effective global carbon footprint. In addition to evaluating technical viability, a technoeconomical business analysis provides a strategic perspective. By using the simulation based power generation results, an estimation of implementation cost and payback time in real life (for United Arab Emirates) was derived, hence validating and predicting real-time economic outcome. This is followed by a comparative study with other sources of renewable energy based on levelized energy cost factor that justifies the performance of the proposed system over other renewable energy sources, in support of providing an economical solution on reducing global carbon footprint.
17
Hossain, Md Sanwar, Abu Jahid, Khondoker Ziaul Islam, Mohammed H. Alsharif, and Md Fayzur Rahman. "Multi-Objective Optimum Design of Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Sustainable Energy Supply to a Green Cellular Networks." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (2020): 3536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093536.
Full textAbstract:
A hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/biomass generator (BG) energy-trading framework between grid supply and base stations (BSs) is proposed in this article to address the power crisis of the utility grid, to enhance energy self-reliance, and to downsize the cost. The optimal size, technical criteria, energy generation, and different types of costs have been evaluated considering the dynamic behavior of solar radiation, traffic arrival intensity, and average biomass energy potential. Additionally, the wireless network performance in terms of total achievable throughput, spectral efficiency (SE), and energy efficiency (EE) are extensively examined using the MATLAB-based Monte-Carlo simulations taking multipath fading, system bandwidth, transmission power, and inter-cell interference (ICI) into consideration. The numerical results demonstrate that the energy-trading facility can achieve net present cost (NPC) and greenhouse gas saving up to 3.20% and 65.8%, respectively. In the end, the performance of the hybrid solar PV/BG system has been thoroughly compared with the standalone solar PV, hybrid PV/wind turbine (WT), and hybrid PV/diesel generator (DG) systems under on-grid and off-grid configurations for benchmarking.
18
Sakthivel, Erulappan, Veluchamy Malathi, and Muruganantham Arunraja. "BUTHA: Boost Up Clock Terminal with Heuristic Approach for NoC." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 06 (2018): 1850084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618500846.
Full textAbstract:
In recent days, there has been a growing interest in network-on-chip (NoC), as it offers a promising architecture for future systems on-chip (SoC). The performance degradation is the major problem in designing NoC, due to the complexity in designing a traffic generator and traffic estimator (TE) modules. In the conventional NoC design, new traffic modules and low-power algorithms (LPAS) are introduced. A LPA with an NoC has given performance degradation in the transmission rate, end-to-end delay and overall energy consumption. To address this power issue, we modeled the Menger’s theorem (MT) (graph theory (GT))-based clock boosting mechanism to produce an effective frequency for the router. The following two methods are introduced to improve the performance of NoCs: (i) development of a real-time traffic generation module and software-based traffic estimator (STE) (ii) GT approach is introduced into a dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) LPA. In general, the frequency selection process during various traffic conditions in history-based dynamic voltage scaling algorithm (HDVS) and history-based DFS algorithm (HDFS) is more complex and it gives performance degradation. In the proposed method, MT-based DFS (MT-DFS) parameters are estimated under various conditions using both 65 and 90[Formula: see text]nm TSMC CMOS technology. In comparison with conventional HDFS, the evaluations show that MT-DFS interface achieves 67.7% energy saving, 85% dynamic power savings of the links in the on-chip network and 74.27% leakage power saving of the link.
19
Ehrlich, Jacques, Georges Coche, and Amal Zerrouki. "Smart sensor research at the French Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées." Sensor Review 17, no. 3 (1997): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602289710172373.
Full textAbstract:
Highlights two works being carried out by the French Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées in the field of smart sensors. The first concerns the knowledge of loads applied to bridges in order to evaluate extreme load effects and fatigue load effects over their lifetime. To achieve these goals, a data acquisition system based on smart sensors extracting and classifying extrema in the traffic loads signal has been developed. The second concerns distributed systems software cost reduction by means of a generic model. The aim of the model is the design of a software generator for smart sensor‐based systems. The key of the system is in the description of an instrumentation plan under the form of a data dependence graph (DDG). The goal of the generator is to map and “execute” that DDG on the physical architecture according to the number of transducers, their affectation to the smart sensors and a PC‐based system controller.
20
Tralh˜ao, Lino, José Craveirinha, and Domingos Cardoso. "Analytical properties of a stochastic teletraffic system with MMPP input and an access function." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2002.3.138.
Full textAbstract:
Stochastic modeling of teletraffic systems with restricted availability and correlated input arrival rates is of great interest in GoS (grade of service) analysis and design of certain telecommunication networks. This paper presents some analytical properties of a recursive nature, associated with the infinitesimal generator of the Markov process which describes the state of a teletraffic system with MMPP (Markov modulated Poisson process) input traffic, negative exponentially distributed service times, finite queue and restricted availability defined through a loss function. Also the possible application of the derived properties to a direct method of resolution of the linear system, which gives the stationary probability distribution of the system, will be discussed.
21
Grossi, Marco, Fabrizio Alfonsi, Marco Prandini, and Alessandro Gabrielli. "Increasing the Security of Network Data Transmission with a Configurable Hardware Firewall Based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays." Future Internet 16, no. 9 (2024): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi16090303.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most common mitigations against network-borne security threats is the deployment of firewalls, i.e., systems that can observe traffic and apply rules to let it through if it is benign or drop packets that are recognized as malicious. Cheap and open-source (a feature that is greatly appreciated in the security world) software solutions are available but may be too slow for high-rate channels. Hardware appliances are efficient but opaque and they are often very expensive. In this paper, an open-hardware approach is proposed for the design of a firewall, implemented on off-the-shelf components such as an FPGA (the Xilinx KC705 development board), and it is tested using controlled Ethernet traffic created with a packet generator as well as with real internet traffic. The proposed system can filter packets based on a set of rules that can use the whitelist or blacklist approach. It generates a set of statistics, such as the number of received/transmitted packets and the amount of received/transmitted data, which can be used to detect potential anomalies in the network traffic. The firewall has been experimentally validated in the case of a network data throughput of 1 Gb/s, and preliminary simulations have shown that the system can be upgraded with minor modifications to work at 10 Gb/s. Test results have shown that the proposed firewall features a latency of 627 ns and a maximum data throughput of 0.982 Gb/s.
22
Petrović, Nikola, Marija Petrović, and Vladimir Milovanović. "Radar Signal Processing Architecture for Early Detection of Automotive Obstacles." Electronics 12, no. 8 (2023): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081826.
Full textAbstract:
With the mass adoption of automotive vehicles, road accidents have become a common occurrence. One solution to this problem is to employ safety systems that can provide early warning for potential accidents. These systems alert drivers to brake or take active control of a vehicle in order to make braking safer and smoother, thereby protecting drivers and all other road traffic participants. Most such safety systems utilize millimeter-wave radar as primary sensors, and one of the main challenges is real-time data processing from multiple sensors integrated into a single passenger car. When an obstacle is too close to a vehicle, often there is insufficient time to run higher-order digital signal processing algorithms; hence, the decision to brake must be made based on low-level hardware processing only. For that purpose, a hardware generator for the early detection of automotive obstacles that does not impede the operation of higher-order signal processing algorithms is described. The proposed generator is captured in the Chisel hardware design language and a method for reducing the overall ranging latency is presented. The system constraints are calculated using an exemplary radar front-end and the proposed generator parameters. The obtained analytical results are experimentally confirmed with a prototype composed of a typical industrial radar front-end while the signal processing back-end instance of the described generator was implemented on an FPGA board. The measurements demonstrate that with the fast proximity alert, objects can be detected in less than a hundred microseconds, thus considerably reducing the system reaction delay and braking distance.
23
Gavrilovic, Nadja, and Vladimir Ciric. "Autoscalabile ditributed anti-spam SMTP system based on kubernetes." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 34, no. 4 (2021): 525–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2104525g.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the increasing amount of spam email traffic, email users are in increasing danger, while email server resources are becoming overloaded. Therefore, it is necessary to protect email users, but also to prevent SMTP system overload during spam attacks. The aim of this paper is to design and implement an autoscalable distributed anti-spam SMTP system based on a Proof of work concept. The proposed solution extends SMTP protocol in order to enable the evaluation of the client?s credibility using the Proof of work algorithm. In order to prevent resource overload during spam attacks, the anti-spam SMTP system is implemented in a distributed environment, as a group of multiple anti-spam SMTP server instances. Kubernetes architecture is used for system distribution, configured with the possibility of autoscaling the number of antispam SMTP server instances depending on the system load. The implemented system is evaluated during a distributed spam attempt, simulated by a custom-made traffic generator tool. Various performance tests are given: (1) The proposed system?s impact on client?s behaviour and the overall amount of spam messages, (2) The performance of the undistributed anti-spam SMTP server during spam attack, in terms of resource load analysis (3) Autoscaling demonstration and evaluation of proposed distributed system?s performance during a spam attack. It is shown that the proposed solution has the possibility of reducing the amount of spam traffic, while processing tens of thousands of simultaneous SMTP client requests in a distributed environment.
24
Hossain, Md Sanwar, Khondoker Ziaul Islam, Abdullah G. Alharbi, Md Shafiullah, Md Rabiul Islam, and Afef Fekih. "Optimal Design of a Hybrid Solar PV/BG-Powered Heterogeneous Network." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (2022): 2201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042201.
Full textAbstract:
The increased penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) along with the rise in demand for wireless communication had led to the need to deploy cellular base stations powered by locally accessible RESs. Moreover, networks powered by renewable energy sources have the ability to reduce the costs of generating electricity, as well as greenhouse gas emissions, thus maintaining the quality of service (QoS). This paper examines the techno-economic feasibility of developing grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV)/biomass generator (BG)-powered heterogeneous networks in Bangladesh, taking into account the dynamic characteristics of RESs and traffic. To guarantee QoS, each macro and micro-base station is supplied through a hybrid solar PV/BG coupled with enough energy storage devices. In contrast, pico and femto BSs are powered through standalone solar PV units due to their smaller power rating. A hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER)-based optimization algorithm is considered to determine the optimum system architecture, economic and environmental analysis. MATLAB-based Monte-Carlo simulations are used to assess the system’s throughput and energy efficiency. A new weighted proportional-fair resource method is presented by trading power consumption and communication latency in non-real-time applications. Performance analysis of the proposed architecture confirmed its energy efficiency, economic soundness, reliability, and environmental friendliness. Additionally, the suggested method was shown to increase the battery life of the end devices.
25
Lyashenko, Yuriy M., and Alexey V. Prudiy. "Technical electrogenerating tools for road facilities: systematics and design specifics." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 16, no. 1 (2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-104579.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Currently the Russian Federation Government has a strong focus to roads safety. This is due to the national project Safe High-Quality Roads. One of tools of pedestrian safety in an urban are road bumps. They are need for drivers speed slow.
 Contrarily world scientists create alternative sources of electrical energy. It led to tools type as technical electrogenerating devices.
 Whereas technical electrogenerating tools have big amount of developments by russian and world scientists. But in modern scientific literature there is no systematic concept about this tools type.
 AIMS: The paper purpose is knowledge summary about technical electrogenerating tools and develop their classification.
 METHODS: Energy of a moving car is accumulated and converted into electrical energy by devices type. Concept of technical electrogenerating tools is based on convertion of energy pulse of speed bump into electrical energy at the moment of car runover. This energy can be used for electricity supply of road infrastructure (crosswalk lighting, road sign ligtht, powering traffic lights).
 RESULTS: The basic classification feature of these tools is device type converting moving car energy into electrical energy: piezoelectric, hydraulic, electromechanical. In turn technical electrogenerating tools with electromechanical converter are classified by criteria: amount of motor, type of transmission mechanism, design of pressing platform and type of generator.
 CONCLUSIONS: The developed classification provides to systematize contributions of russian and world scientists designing devices of technical electrogenerating tools.
26
Chaudhary, Abhay. "Harnessing Kinetic Energy from Speed Breakers: A Sustainable Approach to Urban Power Generation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 05 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem49007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The escalating global energy demand, coupled with the depletion of conventional fossil fuels, necessitates innovative approaches to harness renewable energy. This study explores the feasibility of generating electricity from vehicular kinetic energy using a modified speed breaker system. The proposed design integrates a rack-and-pinion mechanism to convert vertical vehicle motion into rotational energy, amplified via a gear train to drive a DC generator. Generated electricity is stored in lithium-ion batteries and distributed to two primary applications: automated LED streetlights controlled by light-dependent resistors (LDRs) and a wireless power transfer (WPT) system for electric vehicle (EV) charging. Experimental validation involved prototyping and testing under simulated traffic conditions, achieving an average output of 180–200W per vehicle pass and 84% wireless charging efficiency at a 15 cm transmission distance. The system’s modularity and use of existing road infrastructure highlight its cost-effectiveness and scalability, with a projected return on investment (ROI) of 3.2 years compared to solar alternatives. Challenges such as traffic-dependent output and structural limitations for heavy vehicles were identified, prompting recommendations for material reinforcement and hybrid energy integration. This research underscores the potential of speed-breaker energy systems as a sustainable solution for urban and rural electrification, reducing grid dependency and carbon emissions. Future work will focus on IoT-enabled load management, hybrid solar-kinetic systems, and policy frameworks to accelerate adoption. By transforming passive infrastructure into active power hubs, this innovation aligns with global net-zero goals, offering a scalable pathway toward energy resilience and smart city development. Keywords: Renewable energy, kinetic energy harvesting, speed breaker, rack-and-pinion mechanism, wireless power transfer (WPT), sustainable infrastructure.
27
Xu, Pengfei, Xu Ding, Xiang Zheng, et al. "Collaborative Scheduling Algorithm for Dependent Tasks based on Multi-Agent RL in VEC Environment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2670, no. 1 (2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2670/1/012021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract To address the problem of limited computing power of vehicles, Vehicle Edge Computing (VEC) allows vehicles to schedule tasks to edge nodes with sufficient resources. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approach to solve the multi-task scheduling problem in a dynamic VEC environment. First, we model the cooperative scheduling problem of dependent tasks in the VEC environment, considering the task priority and edge node load balancing in the task scheduling process. We define the optimization objective as minimizing the task processing delay and find it is an NP-hard problem. Then, we design a distributed algorithm SCMA based on MARL. The algorithm enables vehicles to find the optimal scheduling strategy by cooperating and sharing resources with each other. Finally, we use SUMO to simulate the road network topology and generate vehicle traffic trajectories. We construct heterogeneous vehicular applications for simulation experiments using the DAG generator. Compared with existing algorithms, the simulation results validate the superiority of the SCMA algorithm.
28
Patil, Trupti, and Anuradha M. Sandi. "Design and performance analysis of asynchronous network on chip for streaming data transmission on FPGA." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 13, no. 2 (2024): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v13.i2.pp296-306.
Full textAbstract:
The majority of the system on chip (SoC) uses the network on chip (NoC) as routing ports for data transfer from node-to-node with minimal power consumption and low latency and high throughput. This paper concentrates on the ability to model the asynchronous NoCs on the asynchronous circuits on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). A 3×3 NoC and its universal asynchronous receiver transmitter (UART) protocol is designed and its simulation of the Verilog hardware description language (VHDL) code is done and tested on the Artix-7 FPGA kit, the testing processes in done using the Chipscope tool. In order to meet target requirements in terms of power consumption and latency, the label switching (LS) technique is used as routing. The proposed LS-NoC with level-encoded dual-rail (LEDR) encoding technique provides throughput by registering the packet between the different routers and it helps to improve throughput and speed. The effectiveness of the data transfer is measured and analyzed through a synthesis summary in terms of lookup table’s (LUT’s), slice registers, flip flops’s (FF’s), latency, and packet delivery ratio (PDR) for the traffic pattern generator. The proposed NoC is designed for 8×8 and each port size is 21 bits including ID’s of source and destination routers. The results can be justified by following results: improvement of LUTs is about 12%, flip-flops are 7%, improvement of throughput is 23% and delay is reduced by 26%.
29
Bachanna, Prashant, Palla Hari Sankar, Mukesh Kumar Tripathi, Shivendra, Kadali Ravi Kumar, and Nilesh Bhosle. "Optimization of re-configurable multi-core processors andsecurity based on field programmable gate arrays." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 33, no. 1 (2024): 568–80. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i1.pp568-580.
Full textAbstract:
In system-on-a-chip based complex processors has the problem of multithreading and miss-functionality due to their complexity and high-speed operations. In order to minimize these problems, the proposed design has machine learning based algorithms and cryptography systems for security has been incorporated. In the proposed work, the security level has been taken care of in three different stages such as data integrity, data authentication, and private and public keys encryption and decryption. In order to increase throughput with minimal latency, the proposed architecture with advanced high-performance protocol and advanced high-performance and advanced peripheral bus bridge is incorporated between the fabric dynamically re configurable multi-processor and peripherals along with security algorithms using secure hash algorithm (SHA-256) bits and advanced encryption standard (AES). In order to perform machine learning based applications, the proposed system is incorporated double-precision floating point arithmetic operations. The overall proposed architecture is developed in verilog hybrid deep learning (HDL) and quality checking using the LINT tool. The entire design is interfaced with the Zynq processor and software development kit (SDK) tool to verify data transfer between hardware and software. The obtained results are compared with existing state-of-art results and found that 18% improvement in throughput, a 21% improvement in power consumption savings, and a 34% reduction in latency.
30
Xu, Jie, Hanyuan Wang, Mingzhu Xu, Fan Yang, Yifei Zhou, and Xiaolong Yang. "Feature-Enhanced Occlusion Perception Object Detection for Smart Cities." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (March 29, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5544194.
Full textAbstract:
Object detection is used widely in smart cities including safety monitoring, traffic control, and car driving. However, in the smart city scenario, many objects will have occlusion problems. Moreover, most popular object detectors are often sensitive to various real-world occlusions. This paper proposes a feature-enhanced occlusion perception object detector by simultaneously detecting occluded objects and fully utilizing spatial information. To generate hard examples with occlusions, a mask generator localizes and masks discriminated regions with weakly supervised methods. To obtain enriched feature representation, we design a multiscale representation fusion module to combine hierarchical feature maps. Moreover, this method exploits contextual information by heaping up representations from different regions in feature maps. The model is trained end-to-end learning by minimizing the multitask loss. Our model obtains superior performance compared to previous object detectors, 77.4% mAP and 74.3% mAP on PASCAL VOC 2007 and PASCAL VOC 2012, respectively. It also achieves 24.6% mAP on MS COCO. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is useful to improve the effectiveness of object detection, making it highly suitable for smart cities application that need to discover key objects with occlusions.
31
N., Sridevi, and M. Meenakshi. "Efficient reconfigurable architecture for moving object detection with motion compensation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 2 (2021): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp802-810.
Full textAbstract:
The detection and tracking of object in large data surveillance requires a proper motion estimation and compensation techniques which are generally used to detect accurate movement from video stream. In this paper, a novel hardware level architecture involving motion detection, estimation, and compensation is proposed for real-time implementation. The motion vectors are obtained using 16×16 sub-blocks with a novel parallel D flip flop architecture in this work to arrive at an optimised architecture. The sum of absolute difference (SAD) is then calculated by optimized absolute difference and adder blocks designed using kogge-stone adder which helps in improving the speed of the architecture. The controller block is designed by finite state machine model used for synchronization of all the operations. Further, the comparator and compensation blocks are optimized by using basic logical elements and the Kogge-stone adder. Finally, the proposed architecture is implemented on Zynq Z7-10 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and simulated using System Generator tool for real time traffic signal. The hardware and software parameters are compared with the existing techniques which shows that the proposed architecture is efficient than existing methods of design.
32
N., Sridevi, and M. Meenakshi. "Efficient reconfigurable architecture for moving object detection with motion compensation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 23, no. 2 (2021): 802–10. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i2.pp802-810.
Full textAbstract:
The detection and tracking of object in large data surveillance requires a proper motion estimation and compensation techniques which are generally used to detect accurate movement from video stream. In this paper, a novel hardware level architecture involving motion detection, estimation, and compensation is proposed for real-time implementation. The motion vectors are obtained using 16×16 sub-blocks with a novel parallel D flip flop architecture in this work to arrive at an optimised architecture. The sum of absolute difference (SAD) is then calculated by optimized absolute difference and adder blocks designed using kogge-stone adder which helps in improving the speed of the architecture. The controller block is designed by finite state machine model used for synchronization of all the operations. Further, the comparator and compensation blocks are optimized by using basic logical elements and the Kogge-stone adder. Finally, the proposed architecture is implemented on Zynq Z7-10 field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and simulated using System Generator tool for real time traffic signal. The hardware and software parameters are compared with the existing techniques which shows that the proposed architecture is efficient than existing methods of design.
33
Choi, Pilsik. "Constructing a balanced view of profit structure in grocery retailing." Management Research Review 40, no. 7 (2017): 726–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2016-0089.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purposes of this paper are to propose a different profitability metric (i.e. anchor category profits) at the category level based on the concept of anchor categories and to illustrate how such a metric can be calculated in field settings to offer a balanced view of profit structure from both the accounting and marketing perspectives. Design/methodology/approach First, the concept of anchor categories is developed drawing on anchor effects theory and automatic cognitive processing theory. Based on anchor categories, this paper proposes a formula for calculating anchor category profits. Using the data collected with a survey instrument, this paper calculates accounting profits and anchor category profits for two grocery stores. Findings The intra-store analysis of accounting profits and anchor category profits reveals that the two profit measures project different profit contribution patterns by product categories for each store. The inter-store analysis provides quite different, yet useful information about profit structures for the two grocery stores. Although the two stores are similar in terms of accounting profits, their anchor category profits show different pictures regarding profit contribution patters by product categories between the two stores, revealing that different categories attract customers to different stores. Practical/implications Comparing accounting profits and anchor category profits allows retail managers to identify traffic generator categories and cash generator categories, which helps retail managers develop more effective category management to increase storewide profits. Originality value This paper increases understanding of the relationship between product categories and store choice behavior by offering a theoretical rationale to explain why some product categories influence consumers’ store choice. This paper also proposes anchor category profits as a more implementation-friendly category-level profitability metric that combines accounting principles with consumers’ shopping trip planning behavior.
34
Mladenović, Snežana, Stefan Zdravković, Slavko Vesković, Slađana Janković, Života Đorđević, and Nataša Đalić. "Development of a Novel Freight Railcar Load Planning and Monitoring System." Symmetry 11, no. 6 (2019): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11060756.
Full textAbstract:
Rail transport has unmistakable sustainable (environmental and economic) advantages in goods transportation on a massive scale. Goods loading constitutes an important segment of goods transportation by rail. Incorrect loading can be a serious threat to traffic safety as well as a generator of unforeseen expenses related to goods, railway infrastructure and vehicles. At the beginning, the paper identifies the presence of incorrect loading into freight railcars. The analysis of the available loading software has led to the conclusion that no software offers adequate support to the planning and monitoring of the loading of goods into a covered railcar using a forklift truck. For this reason, the main aim of the research is to formulate a mathematical model that includes real-world constraints, as well as the design and implementation of an original user-friendly load planning and monitoring software system. Experimental evaluations of the implemented software have been made based on single and multiple railcar pallet loading problems, considering the following three optimization criteria: maximization of wagon load weight, maximization of wagon volume utilization and maximization of weighted profit. By testing the optimization and visualization features of the software and analyzing the results, it has been concluded that it can offer full support to real load planning and monitoring problems.
35
Malik, Mandeep, Ashwin Kothari, and Rashmi Pandhare. "Scalability Analysis of LoRa and Sigfox in Congested Environment and Calculation of Optimum Number of Nodes." Sensors 24, no. 20 (2024): 6673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24206673.
Full textAbstract:
Low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies as part of IoT are gaining a lot of attention as they provide affordable communication over large areas. LoRa and Sigfox as part of LPWAN have emerged as highly effective and promising non-3GPP unlicensed band IoT technologies while challenging the supremacy of cellular technologies for machine-to-machine-(M2M)-based use cases. This paper presents the design goals of LoRa and Sigfox while throwing light on their suitability in congested environments. A practical traffic generator of both LoRa and Sigfox is introduced and further interpolated for understanding simultaneous operation of 100 to 10,000 such nodes in close vicinity while establishing deep understanding on effects of collision, re-transmissions, and link behaviour. Previous work in this field have overlooked simultaneous deployment, collision issues, effects of re-transmission, and propagation profile while arriving at a number of successful receptions. This work uses packet error rate (PER) and delivery ratio, which are correct metrics to calculate successful transmissions. The obtained results show that a maximum of 100 LoRa and 200 Sigfox nodes can be deployed in a fixed transmission use case over an area of up to 1 km. As part of the future scope, solutions have been suggested to increase the effectiveness of LoRa and Sigfox networks.
36
Bakyt, Makhabbat, Luigi La Spada, Nida Zeeshan, et al. "Advanced Cybersecurity Framework for LEO Aerospace: Integrating Quantum Cryptography, Artificial Intelligence Anomaly Detection, and Blockchain Technology." Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) 6, no. 2 (2025): 695–714. https://doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v6i2.25918.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to enhance the security of high-speed Low Earth Orbit (LEO) communication systems by developing an integrated, multi-layered security framework that addresses the limitations of current aerospace cybersecurity measures. The primary challenge lies in ensuring real-time data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity in the face of sophisticated quantum and spoofing threats. To overcome these issues, the research contribution is the design and evaluation of a unified framework that combines quantum-resistant encryption using a FACT system with a Quantis USB quantum random number generator, an LSTM encoder-decoder model for real-time anomaly detection in ADS-B messages, and a blockchain-based mechanism for immutable data logging. The methodology involves benchmarking quantum-enhanced AES against traditional encryption schemes, training the LSTM network to detect subtle anomalies in flight data, and assessing blockchain scalability under high transaction loads. Results indicate significant improvements in encryption speed and detection accuracy—demonstrating up to a 30% increase in anomaly detection performance—while also revealing challenges such as increased computational overhead and scalability limitations in blockchain implementation. The framework shows promise for practical applications in satellite communications and air traffic management, though further research is needed to optimize resource consumption and enhance system resilience under extreme operational conditions.
37
Ku, SungKwan, Hojong Baik, and Taehyoung Kim. "Analysis of surveillance position error for airfield detection." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 6 (2018): 962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-09-2017-0207.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The surveillance equipment is one of the most important parts for current air traffic control systems. It provides aircraft position and other relevant information including flight parameters. However, the existing surveillance equipment has certain position errors between true and detected positions. Operators must understand and account for the characteristics on magnitude and frequency of the position errors in the surveillance systems because these errors can influence the safety of aircraft operation. This study aims to develop the simulation model for analysis of these surveillance position errors to improve the safety of aircrafts in airports. Design/methodology/approach This study investigates the characterization of the position errors observed in airport surface detection equipment of an airport ground surveillance system and proposes a practical method to numerically reproduce the characteristics of the errors. Findings The proposed approach represents position errors more accurately than an alternative simple approach. This study also discusses the application of the computational results in a microscopic simulation modeling environment. Practical implications The surveillance error is analyzed from the radar trajectory data, and a random generator is configured to implement these data. These data are used in the air transportation simulation through an application programing interface, which can be applied to the aircraft trajectory data in the simulation. Subsequently, additionally built environment data are used in the actual simulation to obtain the results from the simulation engine. Originality/value The presented surveillance error analysis and simulation with its implementation plan are expected to be useful for air transportation safety simulations.
38
Costello, Laura. "Title, Description, and Subject are the Most Important Metadata Fields for Keyword Discoverability." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 11, no. 3 (2016): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b80s5k.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
 Yang, L. (2016). Metadata effectiveness in internet discovery: An analysis of digital collection metadata elements and internet search engine keywords. College & Research Libraries, 77(1), 7-19. http://doi.org/10.5860/crl.77.1.7 
 
 Objective – To determine which metadata elements best facilitate discovery of digital collections.
 
 Design – Case study.
 
 Setting – A public research university serving over 32,000 graduate and undergraduate students in the Southwestern United States of America. 
 
 Subjects – A sample of 22,559 keyword searches leading to the institution’s digital repository between August 1, 2013, and July 31, 2014. 
 
 Methods – The author used Google Analytics to analyze 73,341 visits to the institution’s digital repository. He determined that 22,559 of these visits were due to keyword searches. Using Random Integer Generator, the author identified a random sample of 378 keyword searches. The author then matched the keywords with the Dublin Core and VRA Core metadata elements on the landing page in the digital repository to determine which metadata field had drawn the keyword searcher to that particular page. Many of these keywords matched to more than one metadata field, so the author also analyzed the metadata elements that generated unique keyword hits and those fields that were frequently matched together. 
 
 Main Results – Title was the most matched metadata field with 279 matched keywords from searches. Description and Subject were also significant fields with 208 and 79 matches respectively. Slightly more than half of the results, 195 keywords, matched the institutional repository in one field only. Both Title and Description had significant match rates both independently and in conjunction with other elements, but Subject keywords were the sole match in only three of the sampled cases. 
 
 Conclusion – The Dublin Core elements of Title, Description, and Subject were the most frequently matched fields in keyword searches. Academic librarians should focus on these elements when creating records in digital repositories to optimize traffic to their site from search engines.
39
Ali, Hawwa Hussain Mohammed, Ahmed Hameed Farhan, and Amal Salman Jawad. "Comprehensive Review of Noise Pollution Sources, Health Impacts, and Acoustic Environments Affecting College and University Students." Mesopotamian Journal of Civil Engineering 2023 (November 20, 2023): 86–97. https://doi.org/10.58496/mjce/2023/011.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the effects of noise pollution on college and university students through evaluating research articles, surveys, and questionnaires on this imperative problem. Interference such as noise pollution in learning institutions has now acted as a major menace owing to the resultant health complications, learning handicaps and general well-being of students. The study provides an understanding of the major sources of noise on campuses; outdoor noise, which may feature traffic noise, construction noise, and industrial noise within the vicinity as well as indoor noise inclusive of electrical generator noise, laboratory equipment and students accompanying noise amongst others. These noise sources add extra noise to the background noise levels in classrooms, lecture halls, and educational labs. The paper also discusses the effects of noise on the health of students generally and particularly on the cerebral and sensory skills including concentration, learning, memory and speaking and hearing. Also, it overviews the impact of noisy environments on the human ear and health, such as stress, changes in sleep patterns, and cardiovascular disease. Classrooms and laboratory acoustic environments are also discussed, and how factors such as reverberation time, sound insulation, and background noise affect the quality of learning spaces are considered. The review focuses on noise control in the learning environment and recommends that noise should be controlled through effective noise control acoustic design, noise control through zoning and controlling noise through technology for the benefit of effective learning and student health. Presenting examples from various universities, this paper therefore encourages the development of sound management approaches in campus environments in a bid to create a healthier learning environment.
40
LIU, Lihua. "A dataset of ship target tracking and trajectory fusion in maritime surveillance." China Scientific Data 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.csd.2023.0149.zh.
Full textAbstract:
Real-time trajectory association and trajectory fusion in maritime surveillance pose great challenges and remain hot issues in security, regional situation monitoring, and long-range precision strikes for both military and civilian applications. High-quality datasets play a pivotal role in advancing research in target tracking and fusion technologies within this domain. This paper addresses the data requirements for technological research in target tracking and fusion, as well as the limitations of currently available datasets, including data scarcity, inadequate scene design specificity, uniform data formats, and incomplete data descriptions. We used simulation software to emulate multi-sensor multi-target detection data in complex scenarios, so as to present a dataset tailored for typical maritime surveillance scenarios—targeting ships using 2D radar and Electronic Support Measures (ESM) sensors. The simulation software comprises a scenario generator and a sensor simulator, creating a mature target tracking scenario simulation environment with realistic detection data modeling capabilities. The dataset includes data from 2D radar and ESM sensors, covering typical maritime ship categories, supporting configurations with radiation sources. It is designed for a variety of scenarios such as high-speed motion, dense traffic, multi-sensor data fusion, specific ship detection, and cross-positioning. The dataset contains a total of 368,155 target tracks from 101 ships, spanning a duration of 15,000 seconds. The data format conforms to actual equipment reporting scenarios, while the detection error model accurately reflects real-world conditions. Accuracy assessment and data completeness are ensured through various methods including normality testing of data error, scenario testing of detection rate and false alarm rate, as well as field research. This dataset can provide fundamental data for algorithmic research and validation in the ship's target tracking, trajectory fusion and other related areas.
41
Truong, Long Tien, Majid Sarvi, and Graham Currie. "Exploring Multiplier Effects Generated by Bus Lane Combinations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2533, no. 1 (2015): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2533-08.
Full textAbstract:
Numerous studies have explored design and evaluation of bus lane priority by using empirical, analytical, and simulation approaches. However, none attempted to understand how different bus lane combinations, such as continuous and discontinuous bus lane sections, and a different number of bus lane sections, affect bus performance and general traffic. This paper investigates operational effects of bus lane combinations to establish whether multiple bus lane sections create a multiplier effect in which a series of continuous bus lane sections creates more benefits than several single-lane sections. If a multiplier effect exists, it suggests scale economies in wider implementation of bus priority on a networkwide scale. Overall, results confirm that there is a multiplier effect; thus bus travel time benefits and general traffic travel time disbenefits are proportional to the number of links with a bus lane. The effect suggests a constant return to scale on continuous multiple sections. The results also suggest that converting a traffic lane to a bus lane when the upstream traffic volume exceeds the capacity of the remaining traffic lanes causes significant negative effects for buses and general traffic. In addition, negative general traffic effects of continuous bus lane combinations are lower than those for a similar number of discontinuous bus lanes. Bus delays at intersections approaching the bus lane tend to improve when upstream traffic volume does not exceed the capacity of remaining downstream traffic lanes. Policy implications and areas for future research are suggested.
42
Metar, Manas. "Software Design for Adaptive Laser Headlights." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (2021): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38847.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The road traffic collisions and injuries, is still a major concern in automotive field. A disproportionate number of fatal accidents happen at nighttime. The major part of the collision is contributed by the human factors. Yet the technology in automobile is continuously assisting drivers while driving. Driving in the dark is not always easy as roads aren’t always illuminated, in such cases a powerful headlight is needed to illuminate most of the road. But such headlights cause glare to the oncoming traffic and again the chances of collision increase, with risking lives of passengers. Therefore, a need of smart headlamps which can illuminate the road far ahead without glaring the oncoming traffic is generated. This research aims to build a Laser based adaptive headlight system which can fulfil the need. The headlight design is proposed using Tinkercad software in which Arduino circuit has been used and software design is presented. The system works well with responding to the steering angle and controls the intensity of light preventing oncoming traffic from getting glared. Keywords: Adaptive headlight system, laser headlights, Arduino, Arduino software design, design of headlight system, cornering lights, effects of laser headlights, Tinkercad
43
Pukklin, Opas, and Pajaree Thongsanit. "Innovative Design of Air-Conditioned Bus Stops Model to Reduce Dust from Traffic, Uthai Tani City, Thailand." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 15, no. 4 (2023): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1239.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to study the innovation of a prototype air-conditioned bus waiting stop designed to reduce dust from traffic in the area of the city. Uthai tani Province, Thailand. Objectives are to design a closed air-conditioned bus stop and install a dust filter device and test the effectiveness of reducing the amount of dust generated by traffic in the bus stop area. Data on PM2.5 (Particulate Matter of size less than 2.5 micron) and PM10 (Particulate Matter of size less than 10 micron) was collected with the air quality sensor model number PMS7003. The study found that the designed air-conditioned bus stop prototype can reduce the amount of particulate matter caused by traffic from the application of engineering knowledge in its design, installation, inspection, and can control dust levels with air pressure systems and air purification systems. It was found that the amount of PM2.5 and PM10 inside the air-conditioned bus prototype and outside are different. From collecting data on PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, it was found that the concentrations outside the air-conditioned bus stops were always higher than inside the prototype air-conditioned bus stops. The innovative design of the prototype air-conditioned bus stop can reduce PM2.5 particulate matter of 91.95 to 99.49% and PM10 of 89.09 to 96.88%.
44
Kamasetty, Badarinath, Mahesh Renduchintala, Lochan Lingaraja Shetty, Suresh Chandarshekar, and Rajashree Shettar. "Design and development of portable smart traffic signaling system with cloud-artificial intelligence enablement." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 1 (2022): 116–26. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i1.pp116-126.
Full textAbstract:
With increasing traffic, apart from the major traffic junctions, there are few smaller junctions which witness heavy traffic only during a certain period of the day. For such cases, deploying of conventional traffic lights are not a viable option. A cost-effective internet of things (IoT) enabled portable smart traffic signaling system is designed using ESP32 dual core microcontroller, to assist traffic personnel working at small traffic junctions. It uses a foldable mechanical structure which can be carried easily. The system is designed to work with and without internet connectivity depending on its functionality and place of deployment. The system can be preprogrammed with default time value to work without human intervention. Using an android application, the user can manually control the traffic signal by analysing the traffic density. System gathers the traffic density information based on the operations performed by the traffic personnel and stores it in the cloud. In Smart mode, system computes the mean value and also runs K-means clustering algorithm on the dataset to generate optimized time values. Comparison of the data generated using manual and automatic modes infer the credibility of the system in generating optimized time values and reducing human effort.
45
Jasim, Abbas F., Hao Wang, and Thomas Bennert. "Evaluation of Clustered Traffic Inputs for Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design: Case Study in New Jersey." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 11 (2019): 332–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119853557.
Full textAbstract:
Truck traffic is one of the significant inputs in design and analysis of pavement structures. This paper focuses on comprehensive cluster analysis of truck traffic in New Jersey for implementation of mechanistic-empirical pavement design. Multiple year traffic data were collected from a large number of weigh-in-motion stations across New Jersey. Statistical analysis was first conducted to analyze directional and temporal (yearly) variations of traffic data. Hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted and three optimum clusters were found for axle load spectra (single, tandem, tridem), vehicle class distribution, and axle/truck ratio, respectively. Road functional classifications were employed to identify different clusters as no common geographic trend could be perceived. The results illustrate that the predicted performance using the site-specific traffic data is comparable with that using the traffic cluster for the selected 10 sites. Among four different traffic inputs, the cluster traffic inputs generated the closest predictions of pavement life as compared with those using site-specific traffic input and the default traffic inputs yielded the highest error. It is recommended to use traffic clusters in mechanistic-empirical pavement design when site-specific data is unavailable.
46
Kamasetty, Badarinath, Mahesh Renduchintala, Lochan Lingaraja Shetty, Suresh Chandarshekar, and Rajashree Shettar. "Design and development of portable smart traffic signaling system with cloud-artificial intelligence enablement." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 1 (2022): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i1.pp116-126.
Full textAbstract:
With increasing traffic, <span lang="EN-US">apart from the major traffic junctions, there are few smaller junctions which witness heavy traffic only during a certain period of the day. For such cases, deploying of conventional traffic lights are not a viable option. A cost-effective internet of things (IoT) enabled portable smart traffic signaling system is designed using ESP32 dual core microcontroller, to assist traffic personnel working at small traffic junctions. It uses a foldable mechanical structure which can be carried easily. The system is designed to work with and without internet connectivity depending on its functionality and place of deployment. The system can be pre-programmed with default time value to work without human intervention. Using an android application, the user can manually control the traffic signal by analysing the traffic density. System gathers the traffic density information based on the operations performed by the traffic personnel and stores it in the cloud. In Smart mode, system computes the mean value and also runs K-means clustering algorithm on the dataset to generate optimized time values. Comparison of the data generated using manual and automatic modes infer the credibility of the system in generating optimized time values and reducing human effort.</span>
47
Mortazavi Moghaddam, Elham, Gholamreza Shiran, Ahmad Reza Jafarian-Moghaddam, and Ali Naaman. "Cyclists’ exposure to traffic-generated air pollution in multi-modal transportation network design problem." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0286153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286153.
Full textAbstract:
Moving toward sustainable transportation is one of the essential issues in cities. Bicycles, as active transportation, are considered an important part of sustainable transportation. However, cyclists engage in more physical activity and air intake, making the quality of air that they inhale important in the programs that aim to improve the share of this mode. This paper develops a multi-modal transportation network design problem (MMNDP) to select links and routes for cycling, cars, and buses to decrease the exposure of cyclists to traffic-generated air pollution. The objective functions of the model include demand coverage, travel time, and exposure. The study also examined the effect of having exclusive lanes for bicycles and buses on the network. In the present study, the non-dominated storing genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) solves the upper-level and a method of successive average (MSA) unravels the lower level of the model. A numerical example and four scenarios evaluate the trade-off between different objective functions of the proposed model. The results reveal that considering exposure to air pollution in our model results in a slight increase in travel time (4%) while the exposure to traffic-generated air pollution for cyclists was reduced significantly (47%). Exclusive lanes also result in exposure reduction in the network (60%). In addition, the demand coverage objective function performs well in increasing the total demand in the network by 47%. However, more demand coverage leads to a rise in travel time by 28% and exposure by 58%. The model also showed an acceptable result in terms of exposure to traffic-generated air pollution compared to the model in the literature.
48
Coppola, Luigi, Alessandra Buoso, and Fabio Corazza. "Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Cement Composites for Monitoring Stress Conditions in Concrete Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.118.
Full textAbstract:
Cement pastes reinforced with Multi-Walled carbon NanoTubes (MWNTs) are smart materials with piezoresistivity properties. Adding carbon nanotubes to the cement matrix, in fact, the electrical resistivity of cementitious composites changes with the stress conditions under static and dynamic loads. This particular behaviour can be used to evaluate the stress level in reinforced concrete structures, to monitor the traffic flow, to weigh vehicles. In this paper data on pressure-sensitive behaviour under compressive stress of cement pastes and mortars containing different percentages (from 0.0% to 1.0% vs. cement mass) of MWNTs are presented.In order to form a conductive network and enhancethe piezoresistive properties of cementitious mixtures, Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs) need to be efficiently dispersed in the cement matrix. Two different methods to disperse CNTsin the cement matrix were used. The first one uses a surfactant (Sodium Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulphonate - LAS): MWNTs were dispersed in a LAS aqueous solution,and thenmixed with cement and a defoamer (tributyl phosphate) to decrease the air bubble in MWNT filled cement-based composites. The second method consists in mixing CNTs with about 50% of the mixing water in a becker by means of a glass wand. Then, the solution is sonicated by an ultrasonic generator for 10 minutes. Finally, the sonicatedCNT-aqueous solution ismixed with cement (and sand for the mortars). The piezoresistivity properties of the cementitious mixtures manufactured with the two above mentioned CNTs dispersing methods will be compared.Experimental results show that the electrical resistance changes synchronously with the compressive stress levelsfor the specimens manufactured with both methods. Therefore, CNTs improve the pressure-sensitivity of cementitious composites. Moreover, the piezoresistive response is better for cementitious composites manufactured by using the surfactant agent to disperse CNTs. Data indicate that – thanks to the better dispersion of nanotubes promoted by the surfactant - the pressure-sensitivity properties of cement pastes can be achieved even by using a very low percentage of CNTS (0.1% vs. cement mass). These findings seem to indicate that self-sensing CNTs/cement composite can be produced. These smart materials have great potential and they could be used in the next future in concrete field for practical applications to monitor the stress level of reinforced concrete elements subjected to static, dynamic and impact loads. In particular, informations on actual stress existing under dynamic and impact loads could be improve design procedures in protective structures.
49
Rossigali, Carlos Eduardo, Michèle Schubert Pfeil, Luis Volnei Sudati Sagrilo, and Hugo Medeiros de Oliveira. "Load Models Representative of Brazilian Actual Traffic in Girder-Type Short-Span Highway Bridges." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13021032.
Full textAbstract:
The Brazilian code NBR 7188 for highway bridge design prescribes a live load model consisting of a 3-axle vehicle plus a uniform load, which are both affected by an impact factor when considering dynamic effects. It does not play out actual traffic static effects and may be, in some cases, non-conservative. This work presents two load model configurations developed by gathering a real traffic database, traffic simulations, modeling of the dynamic interaction between vehicles and structure, and statistical extrapolations. Proposed load models comprise dynamic effects and were calibrated for two-lane single carriageway bridges with span lengths up to 40 m under free-flowing traffic. The target values of the effects were compared to those generated by the new proposed load models, as well as by the Brazilian design load model. Adequacy of the proposed models is demonstrated; results show that the effects generated by the Brazilian design load model are underestimated in many cases, particularly for negative moments in cantilevers.
50
Zou, Guangyu, and Levent Yilmaz. "Self-organization models of urban traffic lights based on digital infochemicals." SIMULATION 95, no. 3 (2018): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549718777615.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a self-organizing model to design effective traffic signaling strategies in order to reduce traffic congestion in urban areas. The proposed traffic signaling system is based on a pattern model of self-organization, i.e., digital infochemicals (DIs), which are analogous to chemical substances that convey information between interactive elements mediated via the environment. In the context of traffic systems, the DIs refer to information generated by vehicles and dissipated by the urban transportation infrastructure. Based on the exploratory analysis with one single intersection, we demonstrate that the DI-based strategy performs significantly better than both the fixed and trigger-based scheduling strategies in terms of queue length and waiting time under both fixed and dynamic traffic demands.