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Pérution-Kihli, Guillaume. "Data Management in the Existential Rule Framework : Translation of Queries and Constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS030.
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Le contexte général de ce travail est la problématique de la conception de systèmes de haute qualité intégrant plusieurs sources de données via une couche sémantique codée dans un langage de représentation et de raisonnement sur les connaissances. Nous considérons les systèmes de gestion de données basés sur des connaissances (KBDM), qui sont structurés en trois couches : la couche de données, qui comprend les sources de données, la couche de connaissances (ou ontologique), et les mappings entre les deux. Les mappings et les connaissances sont exprimés dans le cadre des règles existentielles. Une des difficultés intrinsèques à la conception d'un système KBDM est la nécessité de comprendre le contenu des sources de données. Les sources de données sont souvent fournies avec des requêtes et des contraintes typiques, à partir desquelles on peut tirer des informations précieuses sur leur sémantique, tant que cette information est rendue intelligible aux concepteurs du système KBDM. Cela nous amène à notre question centrale : est-il possible de traduire les requêtes et les contraintes des données au niveau de la connaissance tout en préservant leur sémantique ? Les principales contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes. Nous étendons les travaux antérieurs sur la traduction de requêtes sur les données vers l'ontologie avec de nouvelles techniques pour le calcul de traductions de requêtes parfaites, minimalement complètes ou maximalement adéquates. En ce qui concerne la traduction des contraintes sur les données vers l'ontologie, nous définissons un cadre général et l'appliquons à plusieurs classes de contraintes. Enfin, nous fournissons un opérateur de réécriture de requêtes adéquat et complet pour les règles existentielles disjonctives et les mappings disjonctifs, ainsi que des résultats d'indécidabilité, qui sont d'un intérêt indépendant<br>The general context of this work is the issue of designing high-quality systems that integrate multiple data sources via a semantic layer encoded in a knowledge representation and reasoning language. We consider knowledge-based data management (KBDM) systems, which are structured in three layers: the data layer, which comprises the data sources, the knowledge (or ontological) layer, and the mappings between the two. Mappings and knowledge are expressed within the existential rule framework. One of the intrinsic difficulties in designing a KBDM is the need to understand the content of data sources. Data sources are often provided with typical queries and constraints, from which valuable information about their semantics can be drawn, as long as this information is made intelligible to KBDM designers. This motivates our core question: is it possible to translate data queries and constraints at the knowledge level while preserving their semantics?The main contributions of this thesis are the following. We extend previous work on data-to-ontology query translation with new techniques for the computation of perfect, minimally complete, or maximally sound query translations. Concerning data-to-ontology constraint translation, we define a general framework and apply it to several classes of constraints. Finally, we provide a sound and complete query rewriting operator for disjunctive existential rules and disjunctive mappings, as well as undecidability results, which are of independent interest
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Williams, Philip James. "Unification-based constraints for statistical machine translation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9971.
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Morphology and syntax have both received attention in statistical machine translation research, but they are usually treated independently and the historical emphasis on translation into English has meant that many morphosyntactic issues remain under-researched. Languages with richer morphologies pose additional problems and conventional approaches tend to perform poorly when either source or target language has rich morphology. In both computational and theoretical linguistics, feature structures together with the associated operation of unification have proven a powerful tool for modelling many morphosyntactic aspects of natural language. In this thesis, we propose a framework that extends a state-of-the-art syntax-based model with a feature structure lexicon and unification-based constraints on the target-side of the synchronous grammar. Whilst our framework is language-independent, we focus on problems in the translation of English to German, a language pair that has a high degree of syntactic reordering and rich target-side morphology. We first apply our approach to modelling agreement and case government phenomena. We use the lexicon to link surface form words with grammatical feature values, such as case, gender, and number, and we use constraints to enforce feature value identity for the words in agreement and government relations. We demonstrate improvements in translation quality of up to 0.5 BLEU over a strong baseline model. We then examine verbal complex production, another aspect of translation that requires the coordination of linguistic features over multiple words, often with long-range discontinuities. We develop a feature structure representation of verbal complex types, using constraint failure as an indicator of translation error and use this to automatically identify and quantify errors that occur in our baseline system. A manual analysis and classification of errors informs an extended version of the model that incorporates information derived from a parse of the source. We identify clause spans and use model features to encourage the generation of complete verbal complex types. We are able to improve accuracy as measured using precision and recall against values extracted from the reference test sets. Our framework allows for the incorporation of rich linguistic information and we present sketches of further applications that could be explored in future work.
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Shah, Kashif. "Model adaptation techniques in machine translation." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718226.
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Nowadays several indicators suggest that the statistical approach to machinetranslation is the most promising. It allows fast development of systems for anylanguage pair provided that sufficient training data is available.Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems use parallel texts ‐ also called bitexts ‐ astraining material for creation of the translation model and monolingual corpora fortarget language modeling.The performance of an SMT system heavily depends upon the quality and quantity ofavailable data. In order to train the translation model, the parallel texts is collected fromvarious sources and domains. These corpora are usually concatenated, word alignmentsare calculated and phrases are extracted.However, parallel data is quite inhomogeneous in many practical applications withrespect to several factors like data source, alignment quality, appropriateness to thetask, etc. This means that the corpora are not weighted according to their importance tothe domain of the translation task. Therefore, it is the domain of the training resourcesthat influences the translations that are selected among several choices. This is incontrast to the training of the language model for which well‐known techniques areused to weight the various sources of texts.We have proposed novel methods to automatically weight the heterogeneous data toadapt the translation model.In a first approach, this is achieved with a resampling technique. A weight to eachbitexts is assigned to select the proportion of data from that corpus. The alignmentscoming from each bitexts are resampled based on these weights. The weights of thecorpora are directly optimized on the development data using a numerical method.Moreover, an alignment score of each aligned sentence pair is used as confidencemeasurement.In an extended work, we obtain such a weighting by resampling alignments usingweights that decrease with the temporal distance of bitexts to the test set. By thesemeans, we can use all the available bitexts and still put an emphasis on the most recentone. The main idea of our approach is to use a parametric form or meta‐weights for theweighting of the different parts of the bitexts. This ensures that our approach has onlyfew parameters to optimize.In another work, we have proposed a generic framework which takes into account thecorpus and sentence level "goodness scores" during the calculation of the phrase‐tablewhich results into better distribution of probability mass of the individual phrase pairs.
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Tomita, Masaru. "Sentence Analysis Techniques in Speech Translation." Kyoto University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/160745.
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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである<br>Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・論文博士<br>博士(工学)<br>乙第8652号<br>論工博第2893号<br>新制||工||968(附属図書館)<br>UT51-94-R411<br>(主査)教授 長尾 真, 教授 堂下 修司, 教授 池田 克夫<br>学位規則第4条第2項該当
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Hedman, Anna. "Browsing techniques for mitigating display-size constraints." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/70/.
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Bala, Kavita. "Software management techniques for translation lookaside buffers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36539.
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Al-Shehari, Khalid S. "The semiotics and translation of advertising texts : conventions, constraints and translation strategies with particular reference to English and Arabic." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488378.
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Chinea, Ríos Mara. "Advanced techniques for domain adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/117611.
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[ES] La Traducción Automática Estadística es un sup-campo de la lingüística computacional que investiga como emplear los ordenadores en el proceso de traducción de un texto de un lenguaje humano a otro. La traducción automática estadística es el enfoque más popular que se emplea para construir estos sistemas de traducción automáticos. La calidad de dichos sistemas depende en gran medida de los ejemplos de traducción que se emplean durante los procesos de entrenamiento y adaptación de los modelos. Los conjuntos de datos empleados son obtenidos a partir de una gran variedad de fuentes y en muchos casos puede que no tengamos a mano los datos más adecuados para un dominio específico. Dado este problema de carencia de datos, la idea principal para solucionarlo es encontrar aquellos conjuntos de datos más adecuados para entrenar o adaptar un sistema de traducción. En este sentido, esta tesis propone un conjunto de técnicas de selección de datos que identifican los datos bilingües más relevantes para una tarea extraídos de un gran conjunto de datos.
Como primer paso en esta tesis, las técnicas de selección de datos son aplicadas para mejorar la calidad de la traducción de los sistemas de traducción bajo el paradigma basado en frases. Estas técnicas se basan en el concepto de representación continua de las palabras o las oraciones en un espacio vectorial. Los resultados experimentales demuestran que las técnicas utilizadas son efectivas para diferentes lenguajes y dominios.
El paradigma de Traducción Automática Neuronal también fue aplicado en esta tesis. Dentro de este paradigma, investigamos la aplicación que pueden tener las técnicas de selección de datos anteriormente validadas en el paradigma basado en frases. El trabajo realizado se centró en la utilización de dos tareas diferentes de adaptación del sistema. Por un lado, investigamos cómo aumentar la calidad de traducción del sistema, aumentando el tamaño del conjunto de entrenamiento. Por otro lado, el método de selección de datos se empleó para crear un conjunto de datos sintéticos. Los experimentos se realizaron para diferentes dominios y los resultados de traducción obtenidos son convincentes para ambas tareas.
Finalmente, cabe señalar que las técnicas desarrolladas y presentadas a lo largo de esta tesis pueden implementarse fácilmente dentro de un escenario de traducción real.<br>[CAT] La Traducció Automàtica Estadística és un sup-camp de la lingüística computacional que investiga com emprar els ordinadors en el procés de traducció d'un text d'un llenguatge humà a un altre. La traducció automàtica estadística és l'enfocament més popular que s'empra per a construir aquests sistemes de traducció automàtics. La qualitat d'aquests sistemes depèn en gran mesura dels exemples de traducció que s'empren durant els processos d'entrenament i adaptació dels models. Els conjunts de dades emprades són obtinguts a partir d'una gran varietat de fonts i en molts casos pot ser que no tinguem a mà les dades més adequades per a un domini específic. Donat aquest problema de manca de dades, la idea principal per a solucionar-ho és trobar aquells conjunts de dades més adequades per a entrenar o adaptar un sistema de traducció. En aquest sentit, aquesta tesi proposa un conjunt de tècniques de selecció de dades que identifiquen les dades bilingües més rellevants per a una tasca extrets d'un gran conjunt de dades.
Com a primer pas en aquesta tesi, les tècniques de selecció de dades són aplicades per a millorar la qualitat de la traducció dels sistemes de traducció sota el paradigma basat en frases. Aquestes tècniques es basen en el concepte de representació contínua de les paraules o les oracions en un espai vectorial. Els resultats experimentals demostren que les tècniques utilitzades són efectives per a diferents llenguatges i dominis.
El paradigma de Traducció Automàtica Neuronal també va ser aplicat en aquesta tesi. Dins d'aquest paradigma, investiguem l'aplicació que poden tenir les tècniques de selecció de dades anteriorment validades en el paradigma basat en frases. El treball realitzat es va centrar en la utilització de dues tasques diferents. D'una banda, investiguem com augmentar la qualitat de traducció del sistema, augmentant la grandària del conjunt d'entrenament. D'altra banda, el mètode de selecció de dades es va emprar per a crear un conjunt de dades sintètiques. Els experiments es van realitzar per a diferents dominis i els resultats de traducció obtinguts són convincents per a ambdues tasques.
Finalment, cal assenyalar que les tècniques desenvolupades i presentades al llarg d'aquesta tesi poden implementar-se fàcilment dins d'un escenari de traducció real.<br>[EN] La Traducció Automàtica Estadística és un sup-camp de la lingüística computacional que investiga com emprar els ordinadors en el procés de traducció d'un text d'un llenguatge humà a un altre. La traducció automàtica estadística és l'enfocament més popular que s'empra per a construir aquests sistemes de traducció automàtics. La qualitat d'aquests sistemes depèn en gran mesura dels exemples de traducció que s'empren durant els processos d'entrenament i adaptació dels models. Els conjunts de dades emprades són obtinguts a partir d'una gran varietat de fonts i en molts casos pot ser que no tinguem a mà les dades més adequades per a un domini específic. Donat aquest problema de manca de dades, la idea principal per a solucionar-ho és trobar aquells conjunts de dades més adequades per a entrenar o adaptar un sistema de traducció. En aquest sentit, aquesta tesi proposa un conjunt de tècniques de selecció de dades que identifiquen les dades bilingües més rellevants per a una tasca extrets d'un gran conjunt de dades.
Com a primer pas en aquesta tesi, les tècniques de selecció de dades són aplicades per a millorar la qualitat de la traducció dels sistemes de traducció sota el paradigma basat en frases. Aquestes tècniques es basen en el concepte de representació contínua de les paraules o les oracions en un espai vectorial. Els resultats experimentals demostren que les tècniques utilitzades són efectives per a diferents llenguatges i dominis.
El paradigma de Traducció Automàtica Neuronal també va ser aplicat en aquesta tesi. Dins d'aquest paradigma, investiguem l'aplicació que poden tenir les tècniques de selecció de dades anteriorment validades en el paradigma basat en frases. El treball realitzat es va centrar en la utilització de dues tasques diferents d'adaptació del sistema. D'una banda, investiguem com augmentar la qualitat de traducció del sistema, augmentant la grandària del conjunt d'entrenament. D'altra banda, el mètode de selecció de dades es va emprar per a crear un conjunt de dades sintètiques. Els experiments es van realitzar per a diferents dominis i els resultats de traducció obtinguts són convincents per a ambdues tasques.
Finalment, cal assenyalar que les tècniques desenvolupades i presentades al llarg d'aquesta tesi poden implementar-se fàcilment dins d'un escenari de traducció real.<br>Chinea Ríos, M. (2019). Advanced techniques for domain adaptation in Statistical Machine Translation [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/117611<br>TESIS
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Allende, Gemayqzel Bouza. "Mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints: solution techniques from parametric optimization." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/56164.
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Ma, Chon Teng. "Biopotential readout front-end circuits using frequency-translation filtering techniques." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2182904.
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Kourouni, Kyriaki. "Translating under time constraints in an undergraduate context: a study of students' products, processes and learning styles." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84035.
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El presente estudio analiza de forma empírica si los estilos de aprendizaje se correlacionan significativamente con la calidad de traducción, cuando la tarea de traducción se desarrolla bajo restricciones de tiempo cada vez mayores. Además, el estudio vincula la práctica pedagógica con la realidad profesional, a la vez que potencia las sinergias entre dicha práctica pedagógica y la investigación empírica en el campo de la traducción. El estudio se construye gradualmente sobre el análisis de los patrones de rendimiento basado en el producto y los patrones de rendimiento basado en el proceso resultantes y luego destaca los vínculos pertinentes de la variable personal de estilos de aprendizaje. Todo ello sobre la base de los datos obtenidos sobre un total de 84 estudiantes universitarios de traducción de la Facultad de filología inglesa de la Universidad Aristóteles de Tesalónica en Grecia. Los resultados apuntan a un estilo de aprendizaje que se correlaciona significativamente con la calidad de la traducción cuando se trabaja con plazos de entrega relativamente más amplios y otro distinto cuando se aumentan las restricciones de tiempo. La evidencia empírica sugiere que los participantes experimentan un estado cognitivo de "shock" cuando sufren restricciones de tiempo cada vez mayores. Las conclusiones parecen indicar que es aconsejable favorecer un ambiente de aprendizaje que tenga en cuenta los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.<br>The present study examines empirically whether learning styles significantly correlate with translation quality when the translation task takes place under increasing time constraints. It strives to link pedagogical practice with professional reality, while promoting synergies between pedagogical practice and empirical translation research.
The study gradually builds on the analysis of emerging product- and process-based performance patterns and then highlights pertinent links with the personal variable of learning styles, on the basis of data collected from a total of 84 undergraduates studying translation at the School of English, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Results point to a learning style that correlates significantly with translation quality when working under a relatively relaxed deadline, and to a different one when time constraints increase. Empirical evidence also suggests that participants undergo a state of cognitive “shock” when under increasing time constraints. The conclusions seem to indicate it is worthwhile favoring a learning environment which will take into account students’ different learning styles.
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Bernabo, Laurena Elizabeth Nelson. "Translating identity: norms and industrial constraints in adapting Glee for Latin America." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5416.
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This project analyzes the Spanish dubbing of Glee for Latin American audiences in order to understand how identity—gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, religion, and (dis)ability—is shaped by the adaptation process. I make two primary interventions within the field of global television studies. First, I expand adaptation analysis by adding industrial norms and production processes to the traditional theorizations of technical and cultural aspects; secondly, I use this web of elements as an interpretive lens for analyzing television translations, thus providing a model for making sense of how the adaptation process affects the representation of race, sexuality, and other forms of identity. Glee is translated for all of Latin America by the Mexico City company New Art Dub, and so I spent three weeks there doing field work. In addition to interviewing Glee’s Spanish-language script writer, director, actors, engineers, and technicians, and observing their work at every stage, I reviewed dubbed scripts and conducted textual analysis of the dubbed episodes. As this project demonstrates, the translation process negotiates complex international forces along with numerous industrial, technical, and cultural constraints as it shapes representations of and discourses about sexual, gender, racial, and ethnic identities. This research demonstrates that between imperialism and indigenization is an entire adaptation industry which simultaneously exaggerates and downplays cross-cultural similarities and differences.
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Harmanani, Haidar M. "Resource allocation and reallocation techniques in high-level synthesis with testability constraints." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1057758522.
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Chen, Gang. "A study of techniques for handling Pascal on a Prolog-like machine." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1600.
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Winston, G. "Translation of novel imaging techniques into clinical use for patients with epilepsy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1417474/.
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Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common focal epilepsy. Up to 40% of patients are refractory to medication. Anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) is an effective treatment but damage to the optic radiation can result in a visual field deficit (VFD) that precludes driving, a key goal of surgery. Diffusion tensor imaging tractography allows the in vivo delineation of white matter tracts such as the optic radiation. This thesis addresses the role of optic radiation tractography in planning and subsequently improving the safety of epilepsy surgery. I show how tractography assists risk stratification and surgical planning in patients with lesions near the optic radiation and assess the utility of different tractography methods for surgical planning. To derive the greatest benefit, tractography information should be available during surgery which requires correction for intraoperative brain shift and other sources of image distortion. I apply software developed at UCL in a clinical population underlying ATLR to show that postoperative imaging can predict the VFD and then use this software in real time during surgery in an intraoperative MRI suite. Updated anatomical scans can be acquired during surgery and tractography data accurately mapped on to these and displayed on the operating microscope display. I demonstrate that this image guidance allows the neurosurgeon to avoid significant VFD without affecting the seizure outcome. Diffusion imaging can also probe tissue microstructure. I explore how structural changes within the frontoparietal working memory network and temporal lobes are related to working memory impairment in TLE. I describe the structural changes that occur following ATLR showing both Wallerian degeneration and structural plasticity. Finally, I show how a novel diffusion model (NODDI) could aid the clinical assessment of patients with focal cortical dysplasia. The emphasis throughout this thesis is how diffusion imaging can be clinically useful and address clinically relevant outcomes.
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Kågström, Simon. "Tools, Techniques, and Trade-offs when Porting Large Software Systems to New Environments." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola [bth.se], School of Engineering - Dept. of Systems and Software Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00402.
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Computer hardware and software evolve very fast. With the advent of chip-multiprocessors and symmetric multithreading, multiprocessor hardware configurations are becoming prevalent. For software, new hardware and requirements such as security, performance and maintainability drive the development of new runtime environments, virtual machines and programming methodologies. These trends present problems when porting legacy software. Multiprocessor hardware require ports of uniprocessor operating system kernels while new software environments might require that programs have to be ported to different languages. This thesis examines the tradeoff between performance and development effort for software porting with case studies in operating system porting to multiprocessors and tool support for porting C and C++ applications to Java virtual machines. The thesis consists of seven papers. The first paper is a survey of existing multiprocessor development approaches and focuses on the tradeoff between performance and implementation effort. The second and third papers describe the evolution a traditional lock-based multiprocessor port, going from a serialized “giant locked” port and evolving into a coarse-grained implementation. The fourth paper instead presents an alternative porting approach which aims to minimize development effort. The fifth paper describes a tool for efficient instrumentation of programs, which can be used during the development of large software systems such as operating system kernels. The sixth and seventh papers finally describe a binary translator which translates MIPS binaries into Java bytecode to allow low-effort porting of C and C++ applications to Java virtual machines. The first main contributions of this thesis is an in-depth investigation of the techniques used when porting operating system kernels to multiprocessors, focusing on development effort and performance. The traditional approach used in the second and third papers required longer development time than expected, and the alternative approach in the fourth paper can therefore be preferable in some cases. The second main contribution is the development of a binary translator that targets portability of C and C++ applications to J2ME devices. The last two papers show that the approach is functional and has good enough performance to be feasible in real-life situations.
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Skamangas, Emmanuel Epaminondas. "New Optimal-Control-Based Techniques for Midcourse Guidance of Gun-Launched Guided Projectiles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102752.
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The following is an exploration into the optimal guidance and control of gun-launched guided projectiles. Unlike their early counterparts, modern-day gun-launched projectiles are capable of considerable accuracy. This ability is enabled through the use of control surfaces, such as fins or wings, which allow the projectile to maneuver towards a target. These aerodynamic features are part of a control system which lets the projectile achieve some effect at the target. With the advent of very high velocity guns, such as the Navy's electromagnetic railgun, these systems are a necessary part of the projectile design. This research focuses on a control scheme that uses the projectile's angle of attack as the single control in the development of an optimal control methodology that maximizes impact velocity, which is directly related to the amount of damage in icted on the target. This novel approach, which utilizes a reference trajectory as a seed for an iterative optimization scheme, results in an optimal control history for a projectile. The investigation is geared towards examining how poor an approximation of the true optimal solution that reference trajectory can be and still lead to the determination of an optimal control history. Several different types of trajectories are examined for their applicability as a reference trajectory. Although the use of aerodynamic control surfaces enables control of the projectile, there is a potential down side. With steady development of guns with longer ranges and higher launch velocities, it becomes increasingly likely that a projectile will y into a region of the atmosphere (and beyond) in which there is not sufficient air ow over the control surfaces to maintain projectile control. This research is extended to include a minimum dynamic pressure constraint in the problem; the imposition of such a constraint is not examined in the literature. Several methods of adding the constraint are discussed and a number of cases with varying dynamic pressure limits are evaluated. As a result of this research, a robust methodology exists to quickly obtain an optimal control history, with or without constraints, based on a rough reference trajectory as input. This methodology finds its applicability not only for gun-launched weapons, but also for missiles and hypersonic vehicles.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>As the name implies, optimal control problems involve determining a control history for a system that optimizes some aspect of the system's behavior. In aerospace applications, optimal control problems often involve finding a control history that minimizes time of ight, uses the least amount of fuel, maximizes final velocity, or meets some constraint imposed by the designer or user. For very simple problems, this optimal control history can be analytically derived; for more practical problems, such as the ones considered here, numerical methods are required to determine a solution.
This research focuses on the optimal control problem of a gun-launched guided projectile. Guided projectiles have the potential to be significantly more accurate than their unguided counterparts; this improvement is achieved through the use of a control mechanism. For this research, the projectile is modeled using a single control approach, namely using the angle of attack as the only control for the projectile. The angle of attack is the angle formed between the direction the projectile is pointing and the direction it is moving (i.e., between the main body axis and the velocity vector of the projectile). An approach is then developed to determine an optimal angle of attack history that maximizes the projectile's final impact velocity. While this problem has been extensively examined by other researchers, the current approach results in the analytical determination of the costate estimates that eliminates the need to iterate on their solutions.
Subsequently, a minimum dynamic pressure constraint is added to the problem. While extensive investigation has been conducted in the examination of a maximum dynamic pressure constraint for aerospace applications, the imposition of a minimum represents a novel body of work. For an aerodynamically controlled projectile, (i.e., one controlled with movable surfaces that interact with the air stream), dropping below a minimum dynamic pressure may result in loss of sufficient control. As such, developing a control history that accommodates this constraint and prevents the loss of aerodynamic control is critical to the ongoing development of very long range, gun-launched guided projectiles. This new methodology is applied with the minimum dynamic pressure constraint imposed and the resulting optimal control histories are then examined. In addition, the possibility of implementing other constraints is also discussed.
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Harbert, Christopher W. Shang Yi. "An application of machine learning techniques to interactive, constraint-based search." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4324.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (December 12, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Stevenson, Kevin B., Michael R. Line, Jacob L. Bean та ін. "SPITZER PHASE CURVE CONSTRAINTS FOR WASP-43b AT 3.6 AND 4.5μm". IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623051.
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Previous measurements of heat redistribution efficiency (the ability to transport energy from a planet's highly irradiated dayside to its eternally dark nightside) show considerable variation between exoplanets. Theoretical models predict a positive correlation between heat redistribution efficiency and temperature for tidally locked planets; however, recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WASP-43b spectroscopic phase curve results are inconsistent with current predictions. Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, we obtained a total of three phase curve observations of WASP-43b (P = 0.813 days) at 3.6 and 4.5. mu m. The first 3.6. mu m visit exhibits spurious nightside emission that requires invoking unphysical conditions in our cloud-free atmospheric retrievals. The two other visits exhibit strong day-night contrasts that are consistent with the HST data. To reconcile the departure from theoretical predictions, WASP-43b would need to have a high-altitude, nightside cloud/haze layer blocking its thermal emission. Clouds/hazes could be produced within the planet's cool, nearly retrograde mid-latitude flows before dispersing across its nightside at high altitudes. Since mid-latitude flows only materialize in fast-rotating (less than or similar to 1 day) planets, this may explain an observed trend connecting measured day-night contrast with planet rotation rate that matches all current Spitzer phase curve results. Combining independent planetary emission measurements from multiple phases, we obtain a precise dayside hemisphere H2O abundance (2.5 x 10(-5)-1.1 x 10(-4) at 1 sigma confidence) and, assuming chemical equilibrium and a scaled solar abundance pattern, we derive a corresponding metallicity estimate that is consistent with being solar (0.4-1.7). Using the retrieved global CO+CO2 abundance under the same assumptions, we estimate a comparable metallicity of 0.3-1.7x solar. This is the first time that precise abundance and metallicity constraints have been determined from multiple molecular tracers for a transiting exoplanet.
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Luo, Tianyu. "Assessment of novel distributed control techniques to address network constraints with demand side management." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24979.
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The development of sustainable generation, a reliable electricity supply and affordable tariffs are the primary requirements to address the uncertainties in different future energy scenarios. Due to the predicted increase in Distributed Generation (DG) and load profile changes in future scenarios, there are significant operational and planning challenges facing netwrok operators. These changes in the power system distribution network require a new Active Network Management (ANM) control system to manage distribution constraint issues such as thermal rating, voltage, and fault levels. The future smart grid focuses on harnessing the control potential from demand side via bidirectional power flow, transparent information communication, and contractual customer participation. Demand Side Management (DSM) is considered as one of the effective solutions to defer network capacity reinforcement, increase energy efficiency, facilitate renewable access, and implement low carbon energy strategy. From the Distribution Network Operator's (DNO) perspective, the control opportunity from Demand Response (DR) and Decentralized Energy Resource (DER) contributes on capacity investment reduction, energy efficiency, and enable low carbon technologies. This thesis develops a new decentralized control system for dealing effectively with the constraint issues in the Medium Voltage (MV) distribution network. In the decentralized control system, two novel control approaches are proposed to autonomously relieve the network thermal constraint via DNO's direct control of the real power in network components during the operation period. The first approach, Demand Response for Power Flow Management (DR-PFM), implements the DSM peak clipping control of Active Demand (AD), whilst the second approach, Hybrid Control for Power Flow Management (HC-PFM), implements the hybrid control of both AD and DER. The novelty of these two new control algorithms consists in the application of a Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) based programming model on decision making of the real power curtailment to relieve the network thermal overload. In the Constraint Programming (CP) model, three constraints are identified: a preference constraint, and a network constraint. The control approaches effectively solve the above constraint problem in the CSP model within 5 seconds' time response. The control performance is influenced by the pre-determined variable, domain and constraint settings. These novel control approaches take advantages on flexible control, fast response and demand participation enabling in the future smart grid.
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Jee, Adelle Siew-Ying. "Emerging diagnostic techniques for connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease: exploration and translation." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28002.
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Connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging due to marked variability in disease behaviour and no consensus for its assessment or classification. The studies comprising this thesis centre on the evolving classification and novel diagnostic techniques for CTD-ILD.
We describe the first Australian interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) cohort, encompassing ILD patients with incomplete features for a definable CTD. IPAF identified a heterogeneous phenotype overlapping with CTD-ILD that was not predictive of survival outcomes.
The myositis autoantibody line immunoblot assay (MA-LIA) is increasingly used for idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM)-ILD diagnosis, but not validated in ILD. The MA-LIA supported IIM-ILD diagnosis with high specificity, and clinical interpretation was optimised by the level of MA-positivity and clinicoradiologic features.
Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC), validated in systemic sclerosis (SSc), has been proposed to identify CTD-ILD. Studies in well-defined ILD populations are lacking, and traditional NFC techniques are not widely accessible. In prospective study, NFC by handheld smartphone-dermatoscope improved CTD-ILD identification beyond routine ILD assessment.
Finally, 28 serum biomarkers for SSc-ILD diagnosis were explored in 640 patients with SSc (with and without ILD), IPF (fibrotic controls), and healthy controls. A simple, three-biomarker index was predictive of the presence SSc-ILD relative to non-fibrotic controls, with internal replication and adjustment for clinical variables.
Conclusion: We describe the evolving role of non-invasive, diagnostic modalities with routine assessment for CTD-ILD diagnosis in defined, real-world ILD cohorts. Clinical translation and interrogation of the prognostic utility in prospective, multicentre studies is required. The management and prognosis of IPAF remains a critical unmet need.
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Sallum, S., J. A. Eisner, P. M. Hinz, et al. "Improved Constraints on the Disk around MWC 349A from the 23 m LBTI." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625165.
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We present new spatially resolved observations of MWC 349A from the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI), a 23 m baseline interferometer made up of two, co-mounted 8 m telescopes. MWC 349A is a B[e] star with an unknown evolutionary state. Proposed scenarios range from a young stellar object, to a B[e] supergiant, to a tight binary system. Radio continuum and recombination line observations of this source revealed a sub-arcsecond bipolar outflow surrounding an similar to 100 mas circumstellar disk. Follow-up infrared studies detected the disk, and suggested that it may have skew and an inner clearing. Our new infrared interferometric observations, which have more than twice the resolution of previously published data sets, support the presence of both skew and a compact infrared excess. They rule out inner clearings with radii greater than similar to 14 mas. We show the improvements in disk parameter constraints provided by LBTI, and discuss the inferred disk parameters in the context of the posited evolutionary states for MWC 349A.
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Shankar, Premchandra M. "Multiframe Superresolution Techniques For Distributed Imaging Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194713.
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Multiframe image superresolution has been an active research area for many years. In this approach image processing techniques are used to combine multiple low-resolution (LR) images capturing different views of an object. These multiple images are generally under-sampled, degraded by optical and pixel blurs, and corrupted by measurement noise. We exploit diversities in the imaging channels, namely, the number of cameras, magnification, position, and rotation, to undo degradations. Using an iterative back-projection (IBP) algorithm we quantify the improvements in image fidelity gained by using multiple frames compared to single frame, and discuss effects of system parameters on the reconstruction fidelity. As an example, for a system in which the pixel size is matched to optical blur size at a moderate detector noise, we can reduce the reconstruction root-mean-square-error by 570% by using 16 cameras and a large amount of diversity in deployment.We develop a new technique for superresolving binary imagery by incorporating finite-alphabet prior knowledge. We employ a message-passing based algorithm called two-dimensional distributed data detection (2D4) to estimate the object pixel likelihoods. We present a novel complexity-reduction technique that makes the algorithm suitable even for channels with support size as large as 5x5 object pixels. We compare the performance and complexity of 2D4 with that of IBP. In an imaging system with an optical blur spot matched to pixel size, and four 2x2 undersampled LR images, the reconstruction error for 2D4 is 300 times smaller than that for IBP at a signal-to-noise ratio of 38dB.We also present a transform-domain superresolution algorithm to efficiently incorporate sparsity as a form of prior knowledge. The prior knowledge that the object is sparse in some domain is incorporated in two ways: first we use the popular L1 norm as the regularization operator. Secondly we model wavelet coefficients of natural objects using generalized Gaussian densities. The model parameters are learned from a set of training objects and the regularization operator is derived from these parameters. We compare the results from our algorithms with an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for L1 norm minimization and also with the linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) estimator.
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Gomes, Gabriel Ferreira Teles 1985. "Indirect branch emulation techniques in virtual machines." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275506.
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Orientador: Edson Borin<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T09:40:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Gomes_GabrielFerreiraTeles_M.pdf: 1568441 bytes, checksum: b0b5fb8e25907bd153706a27a9b597ea (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: Tradução dinâmica de binários é uma técnica de emulação comumente utilizada na implementação de máquinas virtuais. Neste contexto, a emulação de saltos indiretos é uma das principais fontes de perda de eficiência, o que atrapalha a aplicabilidade de tradutores dinâmicos de binários. Essa dissertação descreve diversas técnicas que tentam melhorar o desempenho e a eficiência da emulação de saltos indiretos em máquinas virtuais eficientes. O DynamoRIO é uma máquina virtual que se enquadra nessa categoria e que utiliza características de diversas dessas técnicas. Nessa dissertação, nós apresentamos a implementação atual do DynamoRIO, modificamos seu código para incluir duas novas técnicas de emulação de saltos indiretos (Inline Caching e IBTC) e as comparamos com outras técnicas descritas na literatura<br>Abstract: Dynamic binary translation is an emulation technique commonly employed in the implementation of virtual machines. One of the main sources of overhead that hinder the applicability of dynamic binary translators is that caused by the emulation of indirect branch instructions. This master thesis describes several techniques that try to improve the performance and efficiency of indirect branch emulation in efficient virtual machines. DynamoRIO is one of such machines and it implements features used by several of those techniques. In this master thesis, we present current implementations of DynamoRIO, modify its code to include two new techniques (Inline Caching and IBTC) and compare it with other techniques described in the literature<br>Mestrado<br>Ciência da Computação<br>Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Lagarde, Laurent. "Le traducteur professionnel face aux textes techniques et à la recherche documentaire." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797032.
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Cette thèse analyse les stratégies de traduction et l'acquisition de connaissances à partir d'entretiens et de questionnaires envoyés à des traducteurs techniques indépendants. L'objectif est de voir si les stratégies de traduction sont influencées par des facteurs que le traducteur peut plus ou moins maîtriser et si l'expérience, la formation en traduction et-ou dans un domaine et, les langues de travail jouent aussi un rôle. Il apparaît que la pression du temps influence la décision d'accepter ou de refuser une traduction et que sous cette pression, le traducteur ne consulte pas les mêmes documents, acquiert moins de connaissances et, passe moins de temps à l'archivage. Le manque de sources pose des problèmes aux traducteurs de langues peu répandues. La création terminologique, l'analyse du texte, l'aide de la source humaine et l'archivage des informations sont plus systématiques pour ces traducteurs que pour ceux de langues répandues. Le traducteur spécialisé attache moins d'importance à la technicité du texte de départ que celui sans spécialisation, achète plus de documents et évalue plus facilement le temps qu'il consacrera à la recherche documentaire. Les " jeunes " traducteurs voient un lien fort entre la technicité du texte et sa difficulté, préfèrent utiliser des sources donnant des réponses immédiates aux problèmes, consultent et achètent moins de sources sur support papier que les traducteurs expérimentés. Internet a marginalisé l'utilisation et les achats de sources sur support papier mais ne permet pas forcément de se spécialiser. Avec Internet, le client accorde des délais plus courts et les traducteurs acceptent de traduire des textes plus techniques.
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Ford, John. "From poésie to poetry : remaniement and mediaeval techniques of French-to-English translation of verse romance." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2690/.
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From Poesie to Poetry: Remaniement and Mediaeval Techniques of French-to-English Translation of Verse Romance, explores the use of remaniement, the art of rewriting, as the method preferred for vernacular translations of genres such as romance. A thorough history of the practice's principles are given, drawing on comments from Classical rhetoricians, patristic writers, authorities of the artes poeticae, and mediaeval translators employing the procedure. A textual analysis of the Middle English Amis and Amiloun follows, utilising a broadly structuralist approach which compares each individual episode and 'lexie' with its Old French and AngloNorman predecessors. This examination demonstrates remaniement to be the method used to translate the romance, highlighting both the important debt owed to the francophone traditions as well as the use of dynamic interpretation to lend the work salience to an English audience. A subsequent linguistic examination includes a new definition of formulae based on prototype theory which utilises mental templates to identifY occurrences. This permits the recognition of over 3000 instances of formulaic diction, many of which can be traced back to native preConquest traditions, as can certain aspects of verse and structure. What emerges, therefore, is a composite work heavily indebted to continental and insular French sources for content and some aspects of style, but largely readapted to lend it appeal to an early fourteenth-century Anglophone audience. The thesis therefore clarifies the establishment and use of remaniement, provides a detailed examp Ie of its use, and in doing so reveals the true extent of the oft overlooked debt owed to francophone traditions in creating English romances. By way of setting these dimensions into a wider context, the conclusion suggests such translations had a general effect on the development of a new insular style, setting standards for the independent creation of works in English as that language continued to re-establish itself as an accepted medium for literary expression.
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Pease, Michael C. "Analysis of constraints to water marketing and an evaluation of select techniques to facilitate market-based reallocations /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559848401&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Konopacky, Q. M., C. Marois, B. A. Macintosh, et al. "ASTROMETRIC MONITORING OF THE HR 8799 PLANETS: ORBIT CONSTRAINTS FROM SELF-CONSISTENT MEASUREMENTS." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621227.
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We present new astrometric measurements from our ongoing monitoring campaign of the HR 8799 directly imaged planetary system. These new data points were obtained with NIRC2 on the W.M. Keck II 10 m telescope between 2009 and 2014. In addition, we present updated astrometry from previously published observations in 2007 and 2008. All data were reduced using the SOSIE algorithm, which accounts for systematic biases present in previously published observations. This allows us to construct a self-consistent data set derived entirely from NIRC2 data alone. From this data set, we detect acceleration for two of the planets (HR 8799b and e) at >3 sigma. We also assess possible orbital parameters for each of the four planets independently. We find no statistically significant difference in the allowed inclinations of the planets. Fitting the astrometry while forcing coplanarity also returns chi(2) consistent to within 1 sigma of the best fit values, suggesting that if inclination offsets of less than or similar to 20 degrees are present, they are not detectable with current data. Our orbital fits also favor low eccentricities, consistent with predictions from dynamical modeling. We also find period distributions consistent to within 1 sigma with a 1:2:4:8 resonance between all planets. This analysis demonstrates the importance of minimizing astrometric systematics when fitting for solutions to highly undersampled orbits.
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Philippe, Brigitte. "Translating Neil Simon‘s The Dinner Party: A Linguistic Approach." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1739.
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Translation is a challenge. More than just words, languages are ways of looking at the world and these unique perspectives make it hard to talk about a reality which might not exist in the language in which we are trying to express it. It becomes a greater challenge when one tackles theater as it is not a genre translation theories have studied extensively, which means the translator cannot rely on tradition. And the challenge reaches a new level when it comes to translating humor: humor is linguistically and culturally determined. Indeed, languages do not express humor using the same tools and peoples do not laugh about the same things.
Dealing with these challenges, this work presents the translation of The Dinner Party, an American play by Neil Simon. Offering more than just the translation of the play in French, it aims at blending theory and practice. It thus brings the reader's attention to the way the translation has been done, with observations about the way the two cultures have tentatively been reconciled and about the linguistic phenomena which took place thanks to tools chosen in order to stay faithful to the text while making it not only grammatically correct but also pertinent and enjoyable. The tools identified by Chuquet turned out to be very productive, but case-by-case attention and creativity were also necessary. This work also brings to light some aspects which might call for further analysis, such as a specialized speech analysis of stage directions, through the presentation of a non-exhaustive but broad outline gathering theoretical background. This analytical step is indeed the prerequisite for any serious translation work: even before looking at the piece to be translated, one should be aware of what translating implies and make some decisions concerning the role of the translator. One also needs to explore the features of the original work they feel are necessary to take into consideration when translating.
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Sepielak, Katarzyna. "Voice-over in multilingual fiction movies in Poland. Translation and synchronization techniques, content comprehension and language identification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392684.
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Esta tesis doctoral analiza las voces superpuestas de películas multilingües en Polonia. Primero se centra en diferentes técnicas de traducción y sincronización aplicadas en las voces superpuestas en películas multilingües y luego analiza el procesamiento de la información, la comprensión y la identificación de los distintos idiomas en las películas con voces superpuestas. Se han formulados tres objetivos: 1) Establecer cómo los elementos multilingües se traducen en las películas con voces superpuestas en polaco; 2) Establecer la relación entre las técnicas de sincronización y traducción de las películas multilingües con voces superpuestas y analizar qué combinaciones de técnicas de sincronización y de traducción son más eficientes en la expresión de contexto multilingüe; 3) Analizar cómo los elementos multilingües son procesados, tanto en películas multilingües con voces superpuestas como con subtítulos. Con estos objetivos en mente, se han llevado a cabo dos estudios descriptivos y uno experimental.
El primer estudio muestra que la introducción de elementos multilingües en los textos de origen es un procedimiento deliberado, que a menudo desaparece en los textos de llegada. El análisis del corpus muestra que los elementos multilingües se reducen significativamente en las versiones polacas. El análisis revela que sólo dos técnicas, de imitación y de exposición, refuerzan el contexto multilingüe en las versiones traducidas. Otras técnicas más frecuentes borran la diversidad lingüística presente en las versiones originales. Sin embargo, como la banda sonora original en las películas con voces superpuestas es audible hasta cierto punto, la sincronización hábil de las dos bandas sonoras ayuda a marcar contexto multilingüe en las películas.
El segundo estudio indica que existe cierta relación entre los diferentes tipos de sincronía y algunas técnicas de traducción, sobre todo, la condensación, la transferencia, la paráfrasis y decimación. Sin embargo cada sincronía muestra diferentes patrones en cuanto a la naturaleza de esta relación. En el caso de isocronía, la relación es definitivamente no causal. La práctica habitual consiste en el hecho de que el lector lea la traducción después de escuchar el original, sin pautas en cuanto al número exacto de segundos que deben pasar antes de comenzar la lectura de la traducción. La sincronía literal aparece en muy pocos casos. La relación de este tipo de sincronía con las técnicas de traducción también es casual. La sincronía quinésica se mantiene en la mayoría de los casos gracias a las técnicas de transferencia y condensación. El análisis también revela que de los cuatro tipos de sincronías, la isocronía es la única que ayuda a exponer contexto multilingüe en las películas. Dada su naturaleza, ya que expone la banda sonora original aunque por un corto período de tiempo, esta sincronía podría aumentar la diversidad lingüística en la película. Estos resultados llevan a la pregunta si esta diversidad es procesada por los espectadores. Esta cuestión se trata empíricamente en el tercer estudio. Por razones comparativas y de control, el tercer estudio añade el subtitulado para el análisis.
Los resultados del experimento muestran que la comprensión del contenido depende de la modalidad de traducción audiovisual, con mejores resultados en la condición de subtitulado que de las voces superpuestas. Los resultados sugieren que el procesamiento de información en los programas con voces superpuestas no es tan eficiente como en la versión subtitulada. Los resultados indican que el modo de traducción audiovisual no predice el rendimiento en la detección del número de idiomas hablados por los personajes en producciones multilingües. Por último, se concluye que ni la modalidad de traducción audiovisual ni los personajes multilingües y monolingües son predictores significativos de la identificación de idiomas hablados por personajes en una película multilingüe.<br>This dissertation analyzed voiced-over multilingual movies in Poland. In particular, it focused on different translation and synchronization techniques applied in voiced-over multilingual movies and then shifted its focus to information processing, comprehension and identification of various languages in voiced-over movies. Three main objectives were formulated in this research: 1) To establish how multilingual elements are translated in voiced-over movies into Polish; 2) To establish the relationship between synchronization and translation techniques in multilingual movies voiced-over into Polish and to analyze which combinations of synchronization and translation techniques are most efficient in rendering multilingual context; and 3) To test how multilingual elements are processed by Polish viewers in both voiced-over and subtitled multilingual movies. With those objectives in mind, two descriptive and one experimental studies were carried out.
The first study showed that introducing multilingual elements in source texts was a deliberate procedure, which often disappeared in the target text. The analysis of the corpus showed that multilingual elements were significantly reduced in the Polish versions. The analysis revealed that although many translation techniques were detected in utterances with L3 elements, only two techniques—imitation and exhibition—reinforced multilingual content in the translated version. Other techniques, most frequently encountered, just erased linguistic diversity present in the original versions. However, as the original soundtrack in voiced-over movies is still audible to some point, skillful synchronization of the two soundtracks helped in marking multilingual context in the movie.
The second study indicated that the relationship between different synchrony types and some translation techniques, mainly condensation, transfer, paraphrase and decimation did exist but each synchrony showed different patterns as to the nature of this relationship. In the case of voice-over isochrony, the relationship was definitely not causal. The standard practice consisted of the voice artists reading the translation after hearing the original utterance with no guidelines specifying the exact number of seconds they should leave before starting reading the translation. Literal synchrony appeared in very few cases. The relationship of this type of synchrony with translation techniques could also be qualified as random Action and kinetic synchronies, on the other hand, were kept in most of the cases and transfer and condensation were the most common techniques that could be related to them. The analysis also revealed that out of four types of synchronies, voice-over isochrony is the only one which actually helped expose multilingual context in the movie. Given its nature, as it exposed the original soundtrack even if for a short amount of time, this synchrony might enhance the linguistic diversity in the movie. This led to the question whether this diversity was in fact processed by viewers, an inquiry that was empirically addressed in the third study. For comparative and controlling reasons, the third study introduced subtitling to the analysis.
The results of the experiment showed that content comprehension depended on the audiovisual translation mode, yielding higher levels of performance in the subtitled condition than in the voice-over one. At the same time, the findings suggested that information processing in voiced-over programs was not as efficient as in the subtitled version. Second, the results indicated that the audiovisual translation mode did not predict the performance on detection of the number of languages spoken by character in multilingual productions. Finally, it was concluded that neither the AVT mode nor the multilingual and monolingual characters were significant predictors of character– language pair identification in a multilingual movie.
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Blumfield, Fiona Eve. "The commentary of Yefet ben 'Eli on the Book of Ruth - studies in translation and exegetical techniques." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249759.
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Yefet ben 'Eli was one of the Karaite teachers of Jerusalem in the second half of the tenth century CEo He is thought to have written an Arabic translation and commentary on the entire Hebrew Bible. This study will focus on Yefet's translation and commentary on the Book of Ruth, but will take into account the work of contemporary Karaite scholars, such as Ibn Nii~ and AI-FasI.. My analysis is based on the printed edition of Yefet's translation and commentary on Ruth chapters one and two, edited by Nahum Schorstein [Berlin 1903], which is itself based on three manuscripts, one in Arabic letters [Ms Or 2554, British Library] which lacks most of chapters three and four, and two in Hebrew letters which are complete [Ms Or 2513, British Library, and Zotenberg Catalogue 294, Bibliotheque Nationale]. I have also consulted both the manuscripts in Hebrew letters, which are complete, enabling my thesis to encompass all four chapters of Ruth. In chapter one, I have analysed Yefet's translation techniques in Ruth 1-4, demonstrating both his literal approach and also areas where he overstepped this literal approach. In chapter two, I have analysed Yefet's exegetical methods, demonstrating that they involve several layers of interpretation. In chapter three, I have drawn comparisons and contrasts between Yefet's commentary on Ruth 1-4 and the available contemporary Karaite sources, which include Ibn Nii\l's commentary on the Hagiographa [edited Khan 2000] and the Hebrew-Arabic dictionary of the Bible compiled by David ben Abraham a1-FasI. [edited Skoss 1936-45], known as Kitiib Jiim;' al- 'A1Ji4, as well as a tenth-century Judaeo-Persian fragment of a grammatical commentary on Ruth recently recovered from the Genizah. In chapter four, I have drawn comparisons and contrasts between Yefet' s translation of Ruth 1-4 and Saadiah Gaon's Ta/sir of Ruth 1-4. In chapter five, I have presented a comparison of Rabbinic and medieval Jewish sources with Yefet's translation and commentary on Ruth, demonstrating that despite Yefet's contextual-linguistic approach in his exegesis, nevertheless evidence of Rabbinic sources may be discerned in his commentaries. Overall, some variations between the three manuscript sources were noted, indicating that two or more versions or editions of Yefet' s translation and commentary may have existed.
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Sadikine, Mohamed Amine. "Deep vascular segmentation with geometric and topological constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BRES0042.
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Dans le domaine de l’analyse d’images médicales, la segmentation des vaisseaux sanguins joue un rôle clé dans l’amélioration du diagnostic assisté par ordinateur et de la planification chirurgicale. Ce travail introduit trois contributions innovantes en segmentation automatique de structures vasculaires. Premièrement, nous présentons une méthodologie qui améliore les architectures inspirées de U-Net avec un auto-encodeur convolutif semi-surcomplet qui intègre des a priori de forme pour améliorer la délimitation des vaisseaux, avec un focus particulier sur la caractérisation des structures fines. Ensuite, notre recherche se prolonge pour affiner la segmentation à travers un mécanisme d’encodage préalable conjoint qui fusionne des contraintes géométriques et topologiques, fournissant un espace latent unifié qui capture les informations contextuelles et la connectivité des vaisseaux et répondant ainsi aux défis posés par leur variabilité anatomique. Enfin, nous présentons une approche supervisée multi-tâches incorporant des tâches auxiliaires spécifiques à l’échelle et un apprentissage contrastif. Ces avancées représentent un pas en avant dans la segmentation vasculaire automatisée, offrant ainsi le potentiel d’améliorer les résultats cliniques dans une large gamme d’applications<br>In the evolving field of medical image analysis, blood vessel segmentation plays a key role in improving computer-aided diagnosis and surgical planning. This work combines three innovative contributions to advance the automatic segmentation of vascular structures. Firstly, we introduce a novel methodology that enhances U-Net inspired architectures with a semi-overcomplete convolutional auto-encoder that integrates shape priors to improve the delineation of intricate vascular systems, with a specific emphasis on characterizing fine structures. Subsequently, our research delves into enhancing vessel delineation through a novel joint prior encoding mechanism that combines geometric and topological constraints, providing a unified latent space that captures contextual information and connectivity of blood vessels, thereby addressing the challenges posed by their anatomical variability. Finally, we present a novel clustering technique for scale decomposition, along with a multi-task supervised approach that incorporates scale-specific auxiliary tasks and contrastive learning. These advances represent a step forward in reliable automated vascular segmentation, offering the potential to enhance clinical outcomes in a wide range of applications in clinical routine
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Collen, Patrice. "Techniques d'enrichissement de spectre des signaux audionumériques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000512.
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Afin de limiter les dégradations liées au codage bas-débit des signaux audionumériques, la stratégie adoptée par la plupart des systèmes de compression de parole et de musique consiste à ne pas transmettre le contenu hautes-fréquences. C'est ainsi qu'aux environs des 20kbit/s, les codeurs de musique actuels ne restituent pas les sons avec leur qualité naturelle (leur bande passante étant limitée aux environs des 6kHz). Les sons ainsi codés/décodés deviennent ternes et perdent de leur qualité. On se propose d'étudier dans cette thèse de nouvelles techniques susceptibles de palier à cette perte des aigus. Les systèmes d'enrichissement de spectre permettent, avec très peu de données additionnelles, de rehausser la bande passante, et donc la qualité de ces signaux à bande-limitée. Le principe de ces techniques consiste à exploiter les informations comprises dans le spectre basse-fréquence afin de synthétiser le signal pleine-bande de qualité proche de celle de l'original. Dans le cadre d'un contrat financé par France Télécom R&D , l'objectif de cette thèse est la réalisation d'un système d'enrichissement de spectre des signaux audionumériques (parole et musique). La technique PAT (Perceptual Audio Transposition) implémentée a fait l'objet de deux propositions de normalisation dans les instances DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) et MPEG-4 (Moving Picture Experts Group). Le document est structuré en 4 parties. La première partie s'attache à introduire les principes de l'extension de bande en se fondant sur les propriétés psychoacoustiques et les caractéristiques des signaux audio mis en jeux. Grâce à cette étude préalable, l'enrichissement des signaux sonores est réalisé en deux étapes: une étape d'extension de la structure fine du spectre et une étape d'ajustement de l'enveloppe, qui font l'objet des deux chapitres suivants. Ainsi, la seconde partie est consacrée aux techniques d'estimation, de transmission et d'ajustement d'enveloppe spectrale. Deux techniques particulières sont développées: L'une basée sur la prédiction linéaire et l'autre sur la modélisation d'enveloppe par facteurs d'échelle dans le domaine fréquentiel. Dans la troisième partie, les différentes solutions permettant d'étendre la structure fine spectrale sont abordées. L'étude s'est portée notamment sur les translations de spectre dans le domaine fréquentiel et sur les distorsions non-linéaires. Enfin, en quatrième partie, on présente un schéma complet d'enrichissement de spectre avant d'en évaluer ses performances dans le cadre de la normalisation MPEG-4. Une toute nouvelle technique de compression des signaux audionumériques est ainsi introduite dans cette thèse. Celle-ci a montré un réel intérêt dans le domaine de la compression du son. Pour une qualité équivalente, la réduction de débit obtenue est de l'ordre de 25%.
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Dadoun, Mona, and Daniel Olssson. "Sentiment Classification Techniques Applied to Swedish Tweets Investigating the Effects of translation on Sentiments from Swedish into English." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186239.
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Sentiment classification is generally used for many purposes such as business related aims and opinion gathering. In overall, since most text sources in the world wide web were written in English, available sentiments classifiers were trained on datasets written in English but rarely in other languages. This raised a curiosity and interest in investigating Sentiment Classification methods to implement on Swedish data. Therefor, this bachelor thesis examined to what extent the connotation of Swedish sentiments would be maintained/retained when translated into English. The research question was investigated by comparing the results given by applying Sentiment Classifications techniques. Further, an investigation of the outcomes of a combination of a lexicon based approach and a machine learning based approach by using machine translation on Swedish Tweets was made. The source data was in Swedish and gathered from Twitter, a naive lexicon based approach was used to score the polarity of the Tweets word by word and then a sum of polaritie was calculated.The swedish source data was translated into English, it was run through a supervised machine learning based classifier to where it was scored. In short, the outcomes of this investigation have shown promising results e.g. the translation did not affect the sentiments in a text but rather other circumstances did. These other circumstances was mostly due to cross-lingual sentiment classification problems and supervised machine learning classifiers character.
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Helmersson, Andreas. "Overcoming Capital Constraints and Challanges of Fast Growth as an IT SME." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12769.
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<p><strong>Problem: </strong>High wage countries depend on SME's to lower unemployment, to trigger economic growth and to utilize the 'knowledge waste' created by large investments in human capital. However, due to their limited access to capital markets SME's are seen as unfavourably dependent on their own generation of internal funds to grow. Among SME's, IT firms are seen as most representative for this struggle, since they have i) a bad reputation within the public and institutional sector due to the dot-com era, and ii) assets with low collateral value (e.g. immaterial assets, human capital, knowledge, prototypes and ideas that all have unknown, unsecure and hard to predict second-hand or future values). Despite these unfavorable characteristics, some IT firms are growing considerably fast. What can we learn from them? <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong><strong> </strong>Describe the financial situation of IT SME's. Investigate how those IT firms that are fast growing have grown and financed their growth, and how they have managed the effects of growth.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Due to the nature of the purpose a mixed method research approach was adopted. The quantitative investigation aimed at describing their fi-nancial situation and took the form of a statistical analysis of the entire IT firm population, using data from the Swedish database 'Affärsdata'. The qualitative approach took the form of telephone interviews with a sample of fast growing IT firms, to get closer to the reasoning behind their growth and it’s financing. This research approach enabled cross referencing, strengthening some of the empirical evidence found.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence was found on IT firms growing with assets of less collateral value resulting in low amounts of long term debt. Indications were found on the traditional life cycle perspective regarding SME finance has to be changed to fit IT firms; after surviving the first years of internal funding and years of overdependence on short term debt, they reach a stage (e.g. in a financial crisis, facing international expansion, or substantial R&D costs) when financial assistance is needed. Indications were also found on IT firms operating in a highly unpredictable environment demanding advanced cash management routines that today are not prioritized in favor of growth. To handle this, and to reach financial assistance when needed (most likely by involving a risk capitalist in exchange for firm ownership), those firms showing stability (i.e. through low personnel turnover, high profitability or a large cash buffer) seem to have been more successful.</p>
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Gubisch, Martin [Verfasser]. "Model order reduction techniques for the optimal control of parabolic partial differential equations with control and state constraints / Martin Gubisch." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1115727281/34.
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Hsiao, Jen-Chi. "A comparison of construction automation in major constraints and potential techniques for automation in the United States, Japan, and Taiwan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36525.
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Pickles, Caroline S. "Constraints on the structural and metamorphic evolution of tectonic contacts using '4'0Ar/'3'9Ar laserprobe techniques : the Sesia Zone Italian Western Alps." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243262.
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Vollandt, Ronny. "Christian-Arabic translations of the Pentateuch from the 9th to the 13th centuries : a comparative study of manuscripts and translation techniques." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.591090.
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Чжэн, С., та X. Zheng. "Прагматическая адаптация как способ достижения адекватности перевода художественного текста с китайского на русский и английский языки (на материале произведения Мо Яня «Белая собака на качелях») : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, б. и, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/87648.
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С увеличением контактов на литературном и культурном уровнях между Китаем и другими странами, ростом интереса к китайскому языку и культуре, возникает потребность в выполнении качественных переводов художественного текста с китайского языка на другие языки. Однако из-за различий языков, менталитетов и национальных особенностей разных стран, прагматическая адаптация представляет собой особые трудности для достижения адекватности при переводе художественного перевода. Объектом нашего исследования служит прагматическая адаптация при переводе художественного текста. Предметом работы являются приемы и стратегии прагматической адаптации при передачи китайских реалий в переводе рассказа Мо Яня «Белая собака на качелях» с китайского на русский и английский языки. Данная дипломная работа состоит из введения, 2 глав, выводов по главам, заключения, списка литературы и приложения. Первая глава посвящена основной теории данного исследования, точнее, изложению теории известных лингвистов и ученых о прагматической адаптации, адекватности, художественном переводе и реалиям, выяснению понятия определения, классификации, приемов и стратегий прагматической адаптации. Во 2-ой главе мы изучаем приемы и стратегии прагматической адаптации для достижения адекватности при переводе китайских реалий в рассказе Мо Яня «Белая собака на качелях». Сначала мы исследуем авторское своеобразие данного рассказа. Затем мы анализируем разные приемы при переводе реалий в художественном тексте, и в конце сравниваем стратегии, пользуемые переводчиками. В заключении подводятся основные итоги работы. В приложениях представлены список ошибок в переводах и таблица сравнения китайско-англо-русского перевода китайских реалий. В общем, в работе конкретизируются понятия прагматической адаптации, адекватности и художественного перевода, и описываются прагматические приемы и стратегии при переводе реалий в художественном тексте, что предоставляет нам больше материалов для изучения прагматической адаптации и дает нам возможность вникать в китайскую литературу и культуру.<br>With the increasing contacts at the literary and cultural levels between China and other countries and with the growing interest in the Chinese language and culture, there is a need for quality translations of literary text from Chinese into other languages. Due to the differences in languages, mentalities and national characteristics of different countries, pragmatic translations of word-realities present special difficulties for literary translation. The object of study of this work is pragmatic adaptation in the translation. The subject of our study is the pragmatic techniques and strategies used in transmitting Chinese realities in the translation of Mo Yan’s story “The White Dog and the Swing”. The theoretical materials for our study were the story “White Dog and the Swing”, its translations in Russian and in English, linguistic works of translation theory, linguistic dictionaries and other articles related to our study. The work consists of introduction, 2 chapters, conclusions on chapters, conclusion, list of references and applications. The first chapter is devoted to the basic theory of this study, more precisely, the presentation of the theory of famous linguists about pragmatic adaptation, adequacy and literary translation, clarification of the concepts of definition and classification of pragmatic adaptation, adequacy of translation and the specifics of literary translation. In chapter 2, we study the techniques and strategies of pragmatic adaptation to achieve adequacy in translating Chinese realities in the story. First, we introduce the originality of the author of this story and the backgrounds of two translators. Then we define the concepts of realities and describe the classifications of Chinese realities in this story. Then we analyze rich translation examples in aspects of different realities, and in the end we compare the strategies used by translators. In conclusion, the main results of the work are summarized. The appendices present a summary of errors in the translations and a comparison table of the Chinese-English-Russian translation of Chinese realities. In general, the paper concretizes the concepts of pragmatic adaptation used by translators to achieve adequacy in translating Mo Yan’s story “The White Dog on a Swing”, and describes pragmatic techniques and strategies for conveying realities in literary translation, which gives us the opportunity to delve into Chinese literature and culture.
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Quiñones, Portocarrero Juan Carlos, and Llacsahuanga Diego Manuel Cabada. "Análisis de la traducción de los rasgos sociolectales en el doblaje y subtitulación al español latinoamericano de la película Dallas Buyers Club." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651894.
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El presente proyecto de investigación aborda la traducción de la variación lingüística, enfocándose específicamente, en los idiolectos y sociolectos de Ron Woodroof y Rayon, los dos personajes principales de la película Dallas Buyers Club (Jean-Marc Vallée, 2013) cuyas diversidades lingüísticas construyen su identidad y caracterizan su comunicación. Al ambientarse en el estado sureño de Texas, es posible evidenciar un marcado dialecto sureño de clase baja por parte de Ron y un sociolecto propio de una clase social más alta por parte de Rayon. Esta investigación pretende analizar cómo se han traducido los aspectos lingüísticos individuales del idiolecto de estos personajes en la subtitulación y el doblaje al español latinoamericano del filme con el fin de reconocer las técnicas de traducción empleadas, que homogenizan los rasgos sociolectales de ambos personajes en la lengua meta. Es preciso partir de la noción de traducción restringida para identificar los aspectos que condicionan el trabajo de un traductor audiovisual y que le impiden lograr una equivalencia dinámica con el texto fuente (Mayoral, Kelly & Gallardo, 1988). Asimismo, en Dallas Buyers Club, la presencia del inglés sureño y sus matices lingüísticos son aspectos relevantes para la narración audiovisual, cuya carga connotativa se neutralizaría en el doblaje, al igual que sus características gramaticales en la subtitulación.<br>This study addresses the translation of linguistic variation, focusing on the idiolects and sociolects of Ron Woodroof and Rayon, the two main characters of Dallas Buyers Club (Jean-Marc Vallée, 2013) whose linguistic diversities construct their identity and characterize their communication. Set in the southern state of Texas, it is possible to identify a noticeable southern dialect on Ron’s side and a higher social class sociolect on Rayon’s. This research aims to analyze how the individual linguistic aspects of these characters’ idiolect were translated in the Latin American dubbed and subtitled version of the film in order to recognize the translation techniques employed, which reached a standardized conception of both characters in the target language. It is accurate to start from the notion of constrained translation as well as the aspects that condition the work of an audiovisual translator and prevent him or her from achieving a dynamic equivalence regarding the source text (Mayoral, Kelly & Gallardo, 1988). Likewise, in Dallas Buyers Club, the presence of South American English and its linguistic nuances are important aspects whose connotative meaning is neutralized in dubbing as well as its grammatical characteristics in subtitling.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Ghaziasgar, Mehrdad. "The use of mobile phones as service-delivery devices in sign language machine translation system." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7216_1299134611.
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<p>This thesis investigates the use of mobile phones as service-delivery devices in a sign language machine translation system. Four sign language visualization methods were evaluated on mobile phones. Three of the methods were synthetic sign language visualization methods. Three factors were considered: the intelligibility of sign language, as rendered by the method<br>the power consumption<br>and the bandwidth usage associated with each method. The average intelligibility rate was 65%, with some methods achieving intelligibility rates of up to 92%. The average le size was 162 KB and, on average, the power consumption increased to 180% of the idle state, across all methods. This research forms part of the Integration of Signed and Verbal Communication: South African Sign Language Recognition and Animation (SASL) project at the University of the Western Cape and serves as an integration platform for the group's research. In order to perform this research a machine translation system that uses mobile phones as service-delivery devices was developed as well as a 3D Avatar for mobile phones. It was concluded that mobile phones are suitable service-delivery platforms for sign language machine translation systems.</p>
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Akrami, Yashar. "Supersymmetry vis-à-vis Observation : Dark Matter Constraints, Global Fits and Statistical Issues." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-57194.
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Weak-scale supersymmetry is one of the most favoured theories beyond the Standard Model of particle physics that elegantly solves various theoretical and observational problems in both particle physics and cosmology. In this thesis, I describe the theoretical foundations of supersymmetry, issues that it can address and concrete supersymmetric models that are widely used in phenomenological studies. I discuss how the predictions of supersymmetric models may be compared with observational data from both colliders and cosmology. I show why constraints on supersymmetric parameters by direct and indirect searches of particle dark matter are of particular interest in this respect. Gamma-ray observations of astrophysical sources, in particular dwarf spheroidal galaxies, by the Fermi satellite, and recording nuclear recoil events and energies by future ton-scale direct detection experiments are shown to provide powerful tools in searches for supersymmetric dark matter and estimating supersymmetric parameters. I discuss some major statistical issues in supersymmetric global fits to experimental data. In particular, I further demonstrate that existing advanced scanning techniques may fail in correctly mapping the statistical properties of the parameter spaces even for the simplest supersymmetric models. Complementary scanning methods based on Genetic Algorithms are proposed.<br>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted.
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Yahiaoui, Rashid. "Ideological and cultural constraints in audiovisual translation : dubbing The Simpsons into Arabic : an approach to raise awareness and understanding of practitoners involved in the dubbing and subtitling industries." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629420.
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Although Audiovisual Translation has received considerable attention in recent years, evidence suggests that there is a paucity of empirical research carried out on the topic of ideological and cultural constraints in audiovisual translation from English into Arabic. This is despite the fact that subtitling and dubbing Western animation into Arabic has been on the increase ever since television sets entered Arab homes; which is why several authority figures are calling for tighter control and moral screening of what is aired on television sets, in particular that which is aimed at children. This study aims to add some understanding of the problems facing practitioners in the dubbing/subtitling industry, such as the reasons for their alleged reality distortion and how these problems are dealt with by the dubbing agencies. This is achieved by exploring the extent ideological and cultural norms, as weB as other agents, shape the outcome of dubbed English animations/films when rendered into Arabic by manipulation, subversion and/or appropriation. Fifty-two dubbed episodes of The Simpsons were selected for this study. The Simpsons was chosen due to its universal appeal and influence. It addresses many sensitive issues, such as sex, drugs, religion, politics, racial and gender stereotypes, with a bluntness and boldness rarely seen before, and goes beyond passive entertainment and school education. Therefore, it is looked at with suspicion and vigilance in the Arab World. The methodological approach adopted for this study is primarily qualitative, which is proven to provide the kind of expert understanding this study aims to achieve, as Denzin and Lincoln (1994) attest. Because this research springs from the conviction that the issues involved constitute a complex phenomenon, and because the aim is to uncover what could be learnt about intrinsic and extrinsic conditions, it is important to adopt Toury's (1980, 1995) descriptive translation studies paradigm as well as critical discourse analysis strategy. This paradigm enables researchers to describe, explore, analyse, interpret views of the participants, and bring forth the representational properties of the screen discourse as a vehicle for ideological and cultural power transfer. The contrastive analysis of the English and Arabic versions of The Simpsons yielded interesting results; it established that the translation process is marred by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, either exercised by the translator or imposed upon him. Ideological and socio-cultural factors are the chief culprits in the case of translating The Simpsons into Arabic.
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Nampetch, Camille. "English Translation of Thai Pronouns : How Two Translators Have Dealt with Thai Personal Pronouns in Four Reigns." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161146.
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This study has looked into what translation techniques Tulachandra and Barang have used in their English translation of Thai personal pronouns in Pramoj’s novel Four Reigns. Thai uses different personal pronouns to different people to signify social status, gender and intimacy, which may be challenging for the English translations to achieve. With the limited material available, the personal pronouns sadet, khun, mae, pho and various kinship terms and titles were explored. The results showed that the most frequent translation technique was equivalence, that is, the translating of Thai pronouns into the English I or you. The borrowing technique was also used from time to time. Due to language and cultural differences between Thai and English, it is not possible for the translations to achieve a hundred percent accuracy in terms of underlying meaning of the personal pronouns. The translators did, however, make an effort in keeping the special traits of the pronouns by adding a proper noun into the sentence.
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Ebeling, Sarah. "La traducción de aspectos culturales en el texto turístico : Problemas y técnicas de traducción al adaptar el texto "Los Caminos del Norte a Santiago" del contexto español al sueco." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46060.
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Tourist texts provides information to a wide variety of readers. The main functions of these texts is typically to be both informative and persuasive. When translating a tourist text, the translator should not only maintain these two functions in the target text, but is also faced with the challenge of adapting the text to the premises of the target culture. The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of the cultural aspects related to history and religion, as well as the stylistic features in the tourist text Los Caminos del Norte a Santiago. The techniques used in the translation of these aspects from the original spanish cultural context to the new swedish target culture are also studied, more specificly which ones of these translation techniques are the most frecuently used and why. A cualitative as well as a cuantitative analysis of our translation has been carried out, which indicates that the translation techniques most commonly used regarding the translation of the cultural aspects related to history and religion was amplification and modulation. These were used, for example, in order to compensate for the lack of previous knowledge of the Spanish culture amongst the target text readers. Regarding the adaptation of the style to the target context, modulation and especially generalization was the most commonly used translation techniques. This is due to the intention of making the text less formal and poetic so as to better adjust to the target culture and its textual conventions.
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Conrad, Clemens. "La traducción de los rasgos publicitarios de un texto turístico : Texto de origen español, texto de llegada sueco." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29093.
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The translation of tourist texts, in addition to the usual challenges of any translation, has to deal with the difficulty of adequately translating the advertising message. This paper, titled “The translation of advertising features of a tourist text - Spanish source text, Swedish target text”, focuses on this issue by comparing a source text in Spanish with its translation into Swedish (elaborated by the author). Attention is given to the characteristics that convey the selling message of the text: the slogan, titles, paragraph-final sentences, and a series of genre-typical features like the use of pronouns and deixis. The theoretic background and the comparison with Swedish parallel texts show that there seems to be a general similarity of characteristics between the source text and Swedish tourist texts, although an adaption of the translation to Swedish genre-traditions was considered necessary in the use of the 2nd person singular (being used considerably more often in the target text than in the source text) and in the use of imperatives (being used more often in the target text than in the source text, as a way of influencing the reader directly).
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Rosendo, Juan luis. "Techniques robustes pour le contrôle automatique des systèmes robotiques." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0004.
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Ce travail vise à atténuer les effets des contraintes sur les systèmes robotiques mobiles. À cette fin, des structures de commande auxiliaire et des techniques de réglage robuste sont proposées. Les structures sont proposées dans le cadre du suivi de chemin pour atténuer les effets des contraintes sur les entrées et les sorties des systèmes. Ensuite, étant donnée leur utilisation répandue en robotique, les contrôleurs de type PID sont considérés comme une contrainte structurelle. Une méthode de réglage robuste, tenant compte de cette contrainte, est proposée permettant d’atteindre de bons niveaux de performance même en présence de perturbations. Enfin, pour faire face à la robustesse en présence des contraintes de non-linéarité sur robots, un outil d’analyse et de réglage pour les contrôleurs de mode glissant est proposé. La particularité de cette méthode de réglage, basée sur des techniques d’optimisation globale et de calculs par intervalles, est qu’elle permet de générer des cartographies de réglage des paramètres pour lesquels le critère de performance souhaité est rempli.Toutes les stratégies proposées sont mises en pratique par des expérimentations réelles ou sur des simulateurs validés (AUV Ciscrea disponible à l’ENSTA Bretagne)<br>This work seeks to mitigate the effects of constraints on mobile robotic systems. To this end, auxiliary control loops and robust tuning techniques are proposed. The former are proposed to mitigate the effects of constraints on the input and output of the systems through the modification of the motion parameter in path following applications.Then, PID controllers are considered as a structural constraint, given its wide use in robotics particularly at low control level. A robust tuning methodology considering this constraint is proposed which achieves good performancelevels even when facing disturbances. Finally, to deal with robustness in presence of robots nonlinearity constraints, an analysis and tuning tool for sliding mode controllers is proposed. The particularity of this tuning method, based on global optimization and interval techniques,is that it allows generating tuning maps of the parameter regions where the desired performance criterion is fulfilled. All the proposed strategies are put into practice, through real experimentation or invalidated simulators, over the AUV Ciscrea available at ENSTA Bretagne
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Bachtel, Jonathan M. "Zircon alteration in wallrock of Pamour and Hoyle Pond Au deposits, Abitibi granite-greenstone belt: Constraints on timescales of fluid flow from depth-profiling techniques." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28734.
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Quartz-carbonate vein Au deposits in the Timmins-Porcupine gold camp, Abitibi Subprovince, have equivocal protracted parageneses and formed during late to post-Kenoran (2750-2670 Ma) deformation and metamorphism. SIMS U-Pb and delta18O depth-profiling and LA-ICPMS REE depth-profiling techniques were employed on unpolished wallrock zircons to resolve temporal constraints on mineralization and hydrothermal fluid sources at Hoyle Pond and Pamour mines. Depth-profiling techniques successfully uncovered <3 mum alteration domains in zircon rims based on Th/U, REE, and isotopic signatures, and rim 207Pb/206Pb ages are significantly younger than host rock ages. Zircon alteration is from a complex interplay of recrystallization and localized dissolution-reprecipitation of metamict to fully crystalline zircon during hydrothermal fluid flow. Alteration of Hoyle Pond and Pamour zircons at 2660 Ma correlates to intensely mineralized and deformed quartz-carbonate-Au shear veins, and this age represents peak fluid infiltration at the mines coinciding with peak regional metamorphism. Subsequent zircon alteration correlating to thin, shallow-dipping and less altered / mineralized vein networks occurred at 2640 Ma, and this age likely represents a late hydrothermal fluid pulse at the end of regional retrograde metamorphism. Protracted hydrothermal alteration along discrete zones within the camp continued into the Proterozoic. Th/U and 18O values of zircon alteration domains suggest that fluids were most likely derived from lower crustal metamorphic and/or plutonic activity. While the underutilized depth-profiling technique has resolved ∼200 m.y. of continuous crustal evolution and fluid flow in the southern Abitibi, further investigation of the southern Abitibi is required to clarify the genetic relationship between Au mineralization and zircon alteration.
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Kutzer, Katja [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Martin, and Alexander [Gutachter] Martin. "Using Piecewise Linear Approximation Techniques to Handle Bilinear Constraints with Application to Off-Grid Hybrid Energy Systems / Katja Kutzer ; Gutachter: Alexander Martin ; Betreuer: Alexander Martin." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228627584/34.
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