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Journal articles on the topic 'Trisaccharide Lewis a'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Su, Zheng, Beatrice Wagner, Emilio J. Cocinero, Beat Ernst, and John P. Simons. "The intrinsic conformation of a Lewis antigen: The Lewis×trisaccharide." Chemical Physics Letters 477, no. 4-6 (2009): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2009.07.006.

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2

Khebichat, N., K. Nekkaz, and S. Ghalem. "Conformational Search on the Lewis X Structure by Molecular Dynamic: Study of Tri- and Pentasaccharide." International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 2012 (February 13, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/725271.

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Carbohydrates play vital roles in many biological processes, such as recognition, adhesion, and signalling between cells. The Lewis X determinant is a trisaccharide fragment implicated as a specific differentiation antigen, tumor antigen, and key component of the ligand for the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule, so it is necessary or essential to determine and to know their conformational and structural properties. In this work, conformational analysis was performed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with the AMBER10 program package in order to study the dynamic behavior of of the

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3

Moore, Christopher J., and France-Isabelle Auzanneau. "Synthesis of 4” manipulated Lewis X trisaccharide analogues." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 8 (July 23, 2012): 1134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.8.126.

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Three analogues of the Lex trisaccharide antigen (β-D-Galp(1→4)[α-L-Fucp(1→3)]-D-GlcNAcp) in which the galactosyl residue is modified at O-4 as a methyloxy, deoxychloro or deoxyfluoro, were synthesized. We first report the preparation of the modified 4-OMe, 4-Cl and 4-F trichloroacetimidate galactosyl donors and then report their use in the glycosylation of an N-acetylglucosamine glycosyl acceptor. Thus, we observed that the reactivity of these donors towards the BF3·OEt2-promoted glycosylation at O-4 of the N-acetylglucosamine glycosyl acceptors followed the ranking 4-F > 4-OAc ≈ 4-OMe &gt

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4

Jegatheeswaran, Sinthuja, Ari Asnani, Adam Forman, et al. "Recognition of Dimeric Lewis X by Anti-Dimeric Lex Antibody SH2." Vaccines 8, no. 3 (2020): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030538.

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The carbohydrate antigen dimeric Lewis X (DimLex), which accumulates in colonic and liver adenocarcinomas, is a valuable target to develop anti-cancer therapeutics. Using the native DimLex antigen as a vaccine would elicit an autoimmune response against the Lex antigen found on normal, healthy cells. Thus, we aim to study the immunogenic potential of DimLex and search internal epitopes displayed by DimLex that remain to be recognized by anti-DimLex monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) but no longer possess epitopes recognized by anti-Lex mAbs. In this context, we attempted to map the epitope recognize

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5

Auzanneau, France-Isabelle, Elizabeth Sourial, Jonathan M. Schmidt, and Miklos Feher. "Stochastic conformational search on the Lewis X (Lex) trisaccharide and three Lex analogues." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 80, no. 8 (2002): 1088–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v02-163.

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Biased stochastic conformational searches using the MMFF94 force field and the Born continuum solvation model were applied to the molecular modeling of the Lewis X (Lex) trisaccharide (β-D-Gal-(1,4)-[α-L-Fuc-(1,3)]-β-D-GlcNAc-OH) and three Lex analogues, in which each of the three sugar units was replaced by another sugar residue, i.e., N-acetyl-glucosamine by glucose, galactose by glucose, and fucose by rhamnose. The stochastic search accurately identified a lowest energy conformation of the Lex determinant that corresponds to the reported conformations of Lex deduced experimentally in the so

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6

Soliman, Sameh E., Rafik W. Bassily, Ramadan I. El-Sokkary, Joseph Banoub, and Mina A. Nashed. "Regioselective synthesis of a glycomimetic trisaccharide of Sialyl Lewis (sLex)." Carbohydrate Research 344, no. 3 (2009): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.019.

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7

Ellervik, Ulf, Hans Grundberg, and Göran Magnusson. "Synthesis of Lactam and Acetamido Analogues of Sialyl Lewis x Tetrasaccharide and Lewis x Trisaccharide." Journal of Organic Chemistry 63, no. 25 (1998): 9323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo981204p.

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8

Soliman, Caroline, Andrew J. Guy, Jia Xin Chua, et al. "Molecular and structural basis for Lewis glycan recognition by a cancer-targeting antibody." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 17 (2020): 3219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200454.

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Immunotherapy has been successful in treating many tumour types. The development of additional tumour-antigen binding monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will help expand the range of immunotherapeutic targets. Lewis histo-blood group and related glycans are overexpressed on many carcinomas, including those of the colon, lung, breast, prostate and ovary, and can therefore be selectively targeted by mAbs. Here we examine the molecular and structural basis for recognition of extended Lea and Lex containing glycans by a chimeric mAb. Both the murine (FG88.2) IgG3 and a chimeric (ch88.2) IgG1 mAb variant

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9

Sanders, William J., Tamiko R. Katsumoto, Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Steven D. Rosen, and Laura L. Kiessling. "L-Selectin−Carbohydrate Interactions: Relevant Modifications of the Lewis x Trisaccharide†." Biochemistry 35, no. 47 (1996): 14862–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi9613640.

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10

Csonka, Gábor I., Carlos P. Sosa, and Imre G. Csizmadia. "Ab Initio Study of Lowest-Energy Conformers of Lewis X (Lex) Trisaccharide." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 104, no. 15 (2000): 3381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp9935034.

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11

Silva, E., D. Frost, L. Li, N. Bovin, and D. J. Miller. "Lactadherin is a candidate oviduct Lewis X trisaccharide receptor on porcine spermatozoa." Andrology 5, no. 3 (2017): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/andr.12340.

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12

Manzoni, Leonardo, and Riccardo Castelli. "Synthesis of the Lewis a Trisaccharide Based on an Anomeric Silyl Fluorous Tag." Organic Letters 6, no. 23 (2004): 4195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol048474g.

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13

Ellervik, Ulf, and Göran Magnusson. "A High Yielding Chemical Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis x Tetrasaccharide and Lewis x Trisaccharide; Examples of Regio- and Stereodifferentiated Glycosylations." Journal of Organic Chemistry 63, no. 25 (1998): 9314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo981203x.

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14

Asnani, Ari, and France-Isabelle Auzanneau. "Synthesis of Lewis X and three Lewis X trisaccharide analogues in which glucose and rhamnose replace N-acetylglucosamine and fucose, respectively." Carbohydrate Research 343, no. 10-11 (2008): 1653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2008.04.017.

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15

Dutta, Sudipta, Kazuhiro Aoki, Kankanit Doungkamchan, Michael Tiemeyer, Nicolai Bovin, and David J. Miller. "Sulfated Lewis A trisaccharide on oviduct membrane glycoproteins binds bovine sperm and lengthens sperm lifespan." Journal of Biological Chemistry 294, no. 36 (2019): 13445–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.007695.

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16

Lubineau, André, Joelle Le Gallic, and Rémy Lemoine. "First synthesis of the 3′-sulfated Lewis trisaccharide, putative ligand for the leucocyte homing receptor." J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., no. 18 (1993): 1419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39930001419.

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17

Ellervik, Ulf, and Goeran Magnusson. "ChemInform Abstract: A High Yielding Chemical Synthesis of Sialyl Lewis x Tetrasaccharide and Lewis x Trisaccharide; Examples of Regio- and Stereodifferentiated Glycosylations." ChemInform 30, no. 21 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199921210.

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18

Bouché, Léa, and Hans-Ulrich Reissig. "Synthesis of novel carbohydrate mimetics via 1,2-oxazines." Pure and Applied Chemistry 84, no. 1 (2011): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-11-09-20.

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The combination of lithiated alkoxyallenes with carbohydrate-derived nitrones constitutes a flexible entry to highly functionalized enantiopure 1,2-oxazine derivatives. They can be used as precursors for acyclic and cyclic carbohydrate-like products such as amino sugar alcohols, azetidine and pyrrolidine derivatives. The Lewis acid-promoted rearrangement of 1,3-dioxolanyl-substituted 1,2-oxazines to bicyclic compounds allows an efficient route to novel amino pyran and oxepane derivatives. After subsequent transformations, new carbohydrate mimetics or “real” carbohydrates were obtained in good

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19

Li, Hong, Hong Tang, Aleksandra Debowski, Keith Stubbs, Barry Marshall, and Mohammed Benghezal. "Lipopolysaccharide Structural Differences between Western and Asian Helicobacter pylori Strains." Toxins 10, no. 9 (2018): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10090364.

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Recent structural analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Helicobacter pylori G27 wild-type and O-antigen ligase mutant resulted in the redefinition of the core-oligosaccharide and O-antigen domains. The short core-oligosaccharide (Glc–Gal–Hep-III–Hep-II–Hep-I–KDO) and its attached trisaccharide (Trio, GlcNAc–Fuc–Hep) appear to be highly conserved structures among H. pylori strains. The G27 LPS contains a linear glucan–heptan linker between the core-Trio and distal Lewis antigens. This linker domain was commonly identified in Western strains. In contrast, out of 12 partial LPS s

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20

Perret, Stéphanie, Charles Sabin, Claire Dumon, et al. "Structural basis for the interaction between human milk oligosaccharides and the bacterial lectin PA-IIL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Biochemical Journal 389, no. 2 (2005): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20050079.

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One of the mechanisms contributing to the protection by breast-feeding of the newborn against enteric diseases is related to the ability of human milk oligosaccharides to prevent the attachment of pathogenic bacteria to the duodenual epithelium. Indeed, a variety of fucosylated oligosaccharides, specific to human milk, form part of the innate immune system. In the present study, we demonstrate the specific blocking of PA-IIL, a fucose-binding lectin of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by milk oligosaccharides. Two fucosylated epitopes, Lewis a and 3-fucosyl-lactose (Lewis x glucose a

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21

Blixt, O., and T. Norberg. "Solid-Phase Enzymatic Synthesis of a Lewis a Trisaccharide Using an Acceptor Reversibly Bound to Sepharose." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 16, no. 2 (1997): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328309708006516.

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22

Lafont, Dominique, Paul Boullanger, Joseph Banoub та Gerard Descotes. "Synthesis of glycan fragments of glycoproteins using peracetylated N-allyloxycarbonyl-β-D-glucosamine and 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannopyranose derivatives". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, № 6 (1990): 828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-131.

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The disaccharides β-D-GlcNAOC-(1 → 2)-D-Man, β-D-GlcNAOC-(1→ 4)-D-Man, the trisaccharide β-D-GlcNAOC-(1 → 2)-[β-D-GlcNAOC-(1→ 4)]-D-Man, and the tetrasaccharide β-D-GlcNAOC-(1 → 2)-[β-D-GlcNAOC-(1→ 3)]-[β-D-GlcNAOC-(1 → 4)]-D-Man have been synthesized in their peracetylated form, using the Lewis acid catalyzed condensations of 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-N-allyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose 1 with properly substituted 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannopyranose derivatives. The anhydro glycosylation products obtained were then easily transformed into the 4C1 peracetylated derivatives by acetolysis

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23

Danishefsky, Samuel J., Jacquelyn Gervay, John M. Peterson, et al. "Application of Glycals to the Synthesis of Oligosaccharides: Convergent Total Syntheses of the Lewis X Trisaccharide Sialyl Lewis X Antigenic Determinant and Higher Congeners." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 7 (1995): 1940–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00112a007.

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24

Asnani, Ari, and France-Isabelle Auzanneau. "Synthesis of Lewis X trisaccharide analogues in which glucose and rhamnose replace N-acetylglucosamine and fucose, respectively." Carbohydrate Research 338, no. 10 (2003): 1045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(03)00053-3.

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25

Tsuruta, Osamu, Hideya Yuasa, Hironobu Hashimoto, Sadamu Kurono, and Shin Yazawa. "Affinity of 5-thio-l-fucose-containing lewis X (LeX) trisaccharide analogs to anti-LeX monoclonal antibody." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 9, no. 7 (1999): 1019–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00124-9.

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26

Gan, Zhonghong, Suoding Cao, Qingquan Wu, and René Roy. "Regiospecific Syntheses of N-Acetyllactosamine Derivatives and Application Toward a Highly Practical Synthesis of Lewis X Trisaccharide." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 18, no. 7 (1999): 755–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328309908544034.

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27

Gadhoum, Samah Z., and Robert Sackstein. "CD15 (Lewis x) Expression in Human Myeloid Cell Differentiation Is Regulated by Sialidase Activity." Blood 108, no. 11 (2006): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1931.1931.

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Abstract The cell surface carbohydrate Lewis x (Lex, CD15) is now well established as an important marker for immunophenotyping leukocytes and for immunoregulatory functions. Lex is related to sialyl Lex (sLex) by the addition of a sialic acid in the core Lex trisaccharide. This sialylation has profound implications as it confers novel biological function(s) to the core trisaccharide. In particular, expression of sLex correlates with E-selectin ligand activity. Though the expression of Lex in myeloid differentiation is now widely recognized, no studies to date have addressed the molecular mech

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28

Dagron, Franck, and André Lubineau. "Syntheses of Heterobifunctional Candidate Ligands of P‐Selectin Containing Both Sulfated Lewis X Trisaccharide and Various Sulfated Peptides." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 22, no. 7-8 (2003): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/car-120026453.

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29

Peréz, Serge, Nadine Mouhous-Riou, Nikolay E. Nifant'ev, Yury E. Tsvetkov, Bernard Bachet, and Anne Imberty. "Crystal and molecular structure of a histo-blood group antigen involved in cell adhesion: the Lewis x trisaccharide." Glycobiology 6, no. 5 (1996): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/glycob/6.5.537.

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30

DANISHEFSKY, S. J., J. GERVAY, J. M. PETERSON, et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Application of Glycals to the Synthesis of Oligosaccharides: Convergent Total Syntheses of the Lewis X Trisaccharide Sialyl Lewis X Antigenic Determinant and Higher Congeners." ChemInform 26, no. 29 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199529277.

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31

Hendel, Jenifer L., Anderson Cheng, and France-Isabelle Auzanneau. "Application and limitations of the methyl imidate protection strategy of N-acetylglucosamine for glycosylations at O-4: synthesis of Lewis A and Lewis X trisaccharide analogues." Carbohydrate Research 343, no. 17 (2008): 2914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2008.08.025.

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32

Pohl, Nicola L., and Laura L. Kiessling. "Para-chlorobenzyl protecting groups as stabilizers of the glycosidic linkage: Synthesis of the 3′-O-sulfated Lewis x trisaccharide." Tetrahedron Letters 38, no. 40 (1997): 6985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01670-5.

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33

Gan, Zhonghong, Suoding Cao, Qingquan Wu, and Rene Roy. "ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Syntheses of N-Acetyllactosamine Derivatives and Application Toward a Highly Practical Synthesis of Lewis X Trisaccharide." ChemInform 31, no. 5 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200005224.

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34

van Dam, GJ, FH Claas, M. Yazdanbakhsh, et al. "Schistosoma mansoni excretory circulating cathodic antigen shares Lewis- x epitopes with a human granulocyte surface antigen and evokes host antibodies mediating complement-dependent lysis of granulocytes." Blood 88, no. 11 (1996): 4246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.11.4246.4246.

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Abstract Parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma excrete relatively large amounts of immunogenic glycoproteins (circulating cathodic antigen [CCA]) that contain polysaccharide side chains with the trisaccharide Lewis-x (L(ex)) as a repeating unit. These carbohydrates evoke high titers of specific IgM antibodies that cross-react with the repeating L(ex) units on the surface of granulocytes. Consequently this might lead, in the presence of complement, to lysis of the granulocytes. In the present study, this hypothesis was investigated using anti-CCA mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and polyc

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35

van Dam, GJ, FH Claas, M. Yazdanbakhsh, et al. "Schistosoma mansoni excretory circulating cathodic antigen shares Lewis- x epitopes with a human granulocyte surface antigen and evokes host antibodies mediating complement-dependent lysis of granulocytes." Blood 88, no. 11 (1996): 4246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v88.11.4246.bloodjournal88114246.

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Parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma excrete relatively large amounts of immunogenic glycoproteins (circulating cathodic antigen [CCA]) that contain polysaccharide side chains with the trisaccharide Lewis-x (L(ex)) as a repeating unit. These carbohydrates evoke high titers of specific IgM antibodies that cross-react with the repeating L(ex) units on the surface of granulocytes. Consequently this might lead, in the presence of complement, to lysis of the granulocytes. In the present study, this hypothesis was investigated using anti-CCA mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and polyclonal ant

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36

Liao, Liang, and France-Isabelle Auzanneau. "Synthesis of Lewis A trisaccharide analogues in which d-glucose and l-rhamnose replace d-galactose and l-fucose, respectively." Carbohydrate Research 341, no. 14 (2006): 2426–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2006.07.006.

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37

POHL, N. L., and L. L. KIESSLING. "ChemInform Abstract: para-Chlorobenzyl Protecting Groups as Stabilizers of the Glycosidic Linkage: Synthesis of the 3′-O-Sulfated Lewis X Trisaccharide." ChemInform 29, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199802215.

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38

Bartek, Johannes, Renate Müller та Paul Kosma. "Synthesis of a neoglycoprotein containing the Lewis X analogous trisaccharide β-d-GalpNAc-(1→4)[α-l-Fucp-(1→3)]-β-d-GlcpNAc". Carbohydrate Research 308, № 3-4 (1998): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00082-2.

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39

Pimentel, Grégory, David Burnand, Linda H. Münger, et al. "Identification of Milk and Cheese Intake Biomarkers in Healthy Adults Reveals High Interindividual Variability of Lewis System–Related Oligosaccharides." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 5 (2020): 1058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa029.

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ABSTRACT Background The use of biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) in blood and urine has shown great promise for assessing dietary intake and complementing traditional dietary assessment tools whose use is prone to misreporting. Objective Untargeted LC-MS metabolomics was applied to identify candidate BFIs for assessing the intake of milk and cheese and to explore the metabolic response to the ingestion of these foods. Methods A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted in healthy adults [5 women, 6 men; age: 23.6 ± 5.0 y; BMI (kg/m2): 22.1 ± 1.7]. After a single isocaloric intake of m

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40

Nagai, Yasuhito, Naoyuki Ito, Israt Sultana, and Takeshi Sugai. "Regio- and chemoselective manipulation under mild conditions on glucosamine derivatives for oligosaccharide synthesis and its application toward N-acetyl-d-lactosamine and Lewis X trisaccharide." Tetrahedron 64, no. 40 (2008): 9599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.048.

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41

BARTEK, J., R. MUELLER та P. KOSMA. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Neoglycoprotein Containing the Lewis X Analogous Trisaccharide β-D-GalpNAc-(1→4) [α-L-Fucp-(1→3)]-β-D-GlcpNAc." ChemInform 29, № 44 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199844214.

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42

Sharif, Momal, Karl Kerns, Peter Sutovsky, Nicolai Bovin, and David J. Miller. "Progesterone induces porcine sperm release from oviduct glycans in a proteasome-dependent manner." Reproduction 161, no. 4 (2021): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-20-0474.

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In mammals, the oviduct retains sperm, forming a reservoir from which they are released in synchrony with ovulation. However, the mechanisms underlying sperm release are unclear. Herein, we first examined in greater detail the release of sperm from the oviduct reservoir by sex steroids, and secondly, if the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) mediates this release in vitro. Sperm were allowed to bind to oviductal cells or immobilized oviduct glycans, either bi-SiaLN or a suLeX, and channeled with steroids in the presence or absence of proteasome inhibitors. Previously, we have demonstrated proge

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43

Van Liempt, Ellis, Anne Imberty, Christine M. C. Bank, et al. "Molecular Basis of the Differences in Binding Properties of the Highly Related C-type Lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN to Lewis X Trisaccharide andSchistosoma mansoniEgg Antigens." Journal of Biological Chemistry 279, no. 32 (2004): 33161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m404988200.

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44

Atochina, Olga, and Donald Harn. "LNFPIII/LeX-Stimulated Macrophages Activate Natural Killer Cells via CD40-CD40L Interaction." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, no. 9 (2005): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.9.1041-1049.2005.

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ABSTRACT Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) is a human milk sugar containing the biologically active Lewis X (LeX) trisaccharide. LNFPIII/LeX is also expressed by immunosuppressive helminth parasites, by bacteria, and on a number of tumor/cancer cells. In this report, we first demonstrate that LNFPIII activates macrophages in vitro as indicated by upregulation of Gr-1 expression on F4/80+ cells. Further, we investigated the effect of LNFPIII-activated macrophages on NK cell activity. We found that LNFPIII-stimulated F4/80+ cells were able to activate NK cells, inducing upregulation of CD69 exp

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45

Miller, David J. "411 Sperm movement, storage, and release from the oviduct." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.347.

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Abstract After semen deposition, a fraction of sperm is transported through the female reproductive tract to the lower oviduct, the isthmus, where sperm are retained to form a reservoir. Some of these sperm are released to move to the upper oviduct, the site of fertilization. For sperm to make this journey, they must overcome challenges including possible phagocytosis, high fluid viscosity, and peristaltic contractions of the tract. The study of sperm transport is complex because so few sperm reach the site of fertilization. We have focused our studies on how sperm are retained in the reservoi

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46

Yang, Weizhun, Sherif Ramadan, Jared Orwenyo, et al. "Chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycopeptides bearing rare N-glycan sequences with or without bisecting GlcNAc." Chemical Science 9, no. 43 (2018): 8194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sc02457j.

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47

Elsokary, M. M., and D. J. Miller. "169 MATURE OOCYTES TRIGGER THE RELEASE OF BOVINE SPERM FROM AN IMMOBILIZED OVIDUCT GLYCAN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab169.

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After mating, sperm move from the site of semen deposition towards the oviduct, where sperm are stored before fertilization. Much of the literature indicates that oviduct glycans bind sperm to retain them in the oviduct reservoir. We have discovered that a specific oviduct glycan on the epithelium (sulfated Lewis A trisaccharide; suLeA) binds bovine sperm and maintains sperm viability. But the way in which sperm are released from oviduct epithelial glycans to fertilize oocytes is enigmatic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that oocytes signal the release of sperm from an oviduct glycan

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48

Zhang, Yong-Min, Annie Brodzky, and Pierre Sinaÿ. "Synthesis of mono-, di- and trisulfated Lewis x trisaccharides." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 9, no. 14 (1998): 2451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0957-4166(98)00246-8.

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49

Azurmendi, Hugo F., Manuel Martin-Pastor, and C. Allen Bush. "Conformational studies of Lewis X and Lewis A trisaccharides using NMR residual dipolar couplings." Biopolymers 63, no. 2 (2002): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.10015.

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