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Journal articles on the topic 'Tungsten plating'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Zheng, Yi. "Plating Hard Chrome Plating Alternative Technologies - HVOF Tungsten Carbide Coating." Advanced Materials Research 712-715 (June 2013): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.712-715.395.

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HOVF technology preparation of tungsten carbide coating, can be obtained the microhardness and neutral salt spray corrosion resistance superior to the protective layer of hard chrome plating, its own good toughness and high bonding strength of the matrix, itideal replacement for hard chrome plating technology

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2

Wang, Ying, Jun Tao Zou, and Qing He Zhang. "Preparation of Tungsten-Copper Composite Powder by Electroless Plating." Materials Science Forum 749 (March 2013): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.749.28.

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In this paper, tungsten-copper composite powder was prepared on the particle size of 6 ~ 10μm tungsten powder surface by electroless copper plating. The orthogonal experimental results show that the primary and secondary order of factors affecting the deposition rate followwing the sequence: copper sulfate solution concentration > pH value> solution temperature> formaldehyde concentration > complexing agent concentration. The process of the electroless copper plating on the tungsten powder surface was investigated, and the best electroless copper plating solution composition and operation conditions were obtained as follows: plating temperature 323 K, stirring speed 30 r/min, PH =13, loadage 8g/L, CuSO4 5H2O 0.032 mol/L, HCHO 0.274 mol/L, TEA 0.1208 mol/L, 2, 2 'league pyridine 12 mg/L.

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3

Ko, Yong Kwon, Gun Ho Chang, and Jae Ho Lee. "Nickel Tungsten Alloy Electroplating for the High Wear Resistant Materials Applications." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1589.

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Nickel tungsten (Ni-W) alloy coating was electroplated to increase its mechanical properties. Tungsten cannot be electroplated by itself, however, it is codeposited with other iron group metals especially with nickel. The morphologies of nickel tungsten coating were varied with current density. To eliminate the formation of cracks, pulse plating was employed. Crackless nickel tungsten alloy were obtained in pulse reverse electroplating. Hardness of nickel tungsten coating has twice higher compared to the normal electroplated nickel.

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4

Zhong, Zhimin, and Sidney J. Clouser. "Nickel–tungsten alloy brush plating for engineering applications." Surface and Coatings Technology 240 (February 2014): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.12.059.

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5

Fukuzawa, Yasushi, Shigeru Nagasawa, Masahiro Watanabe, and Shigehiko Takaoka. "Joining of Tungsten-Copper Using Pulse Electric Current Sintering Method." Materials Science Forum 502 (December 2005): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.502.443.

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To develop the new bonding method under low bonding temperature and short holding duration, pulse electric current sintering (PECS) method is applied. The Ni plating layer was used as the interlayer. The following experimental factors were researched:(1) Thickness of Ni plating layer, (2) Bonding temperature, (3) Bonding pressure and (4) Heat treatment after plating. The bonding strength of W-Ni plate-Cu joint could be obtained under low bonding temperature of 773 K and short bonding duration of 10 min.

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6

Карпенко, N. Karpenko, Агеева, and E. Ageeva. "RECOVERY KINGPIN STEERING KNUCKLE GALVANICHESKIMI COATINGS USING TUNGSTEM EDM NANOPOWDERS." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 1 (2015): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14064.

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7

Liu, Lin, Bo Qin Gu, and Ye Chen. "Effect of Plasma Sprayed Ceramic and Cermet Coatings on Wear-Out Failure of High Temperature Ball Valve." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.11.

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Three kinds of coating materials, namely Cr2O3 ceramic, Al2O3-TiO2 ceramic and WC-Co cermet, were screened and sprayed on the surface of valve ball by plasma spraying technology, and two kinds of brush plating materials, namely high speed nickel and nickel tungsten, were also screened and brush plated on the surface of valve seat by electrical brush technology. The microstructure and morphology of the plasma sprayed coatings were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The tribological properties of the plasma sprayed coatings sliding against the high speed nickel and nickel tungsten layers were investigated on a pin-on-disc friction and wear tester. The microhardness, thermal shock property and bonding strength of the coatings were also tested. The results indicate that the sealing pair composed of the valve ball with the plasma sprayed coating of Al2O3-TiO2 and the valve seat with the brush plating layer of nickel tungsten has the best combination property.

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8

Ye, Jing, Wen Shu Chen, Qiang Guo Luo, et al. "Effect of pH on the Microstructure and Purity of Copper-Coated Tungsten Composite Powders Prepared by Electroless Plating." Key Engineering Materials 616 (June 2014): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.616.62.

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High-performance copper-coated tungsten composite powders were successfully prepared using electroless plating at an appropriate pH in the plating bath. The effect of pH value in the plating bath on the microstructure and purity of the coated Cu layer was studied systematically. With the increase of pH in the bath, the surface roughness, particle size and average grain size of coated Cu increased, and the particle shape gradually changed from round into square block. At pH 12–12.5, coated Cu was highly pure with very little oxygen content (less than 0.09 wt.%). The promotion effect of the increased pH on both main electroless plating reaction and side reactions causes the changes of surface morphology, average grain size of Cu and the oxygen content in the composite powders.

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9

Amirjan, M., K. Zangeneh-Madar, and N. Parvin. "Preparation of tungsten base composite powder by electroless nickel plating." Powder Metallurgy 53, no. 3 (2010): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/003258908x347650.

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10

Yi, Ge, Lingling Wang, Yifang Ouyang, et al. "Preparation of iron-tungsten-boron alloy deposits by electroless plating." Metal Finishing 94, no. 11 (1996): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0576(96)83953-5.

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11

Wei, Chenlong, Jigui Cheng, Jianfeng Li, et al. "Tungsten-coated diamond powders prepared by microwave-heating salt-bath plating." Powder Technology 338 (October 2018): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.07.035.

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12

Fukuzawa, Yasushi, Shigeru Nagasawa, and Shigehiko Takaoka. "Bonding Strength of W-Cu Joint by PECS Method." Solid State Phenomena 127 (September 2007): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.127.271.

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To make the tungsten and copper joint, several methods has been tried using the diffusion bonding system. When the thin plating Ni layer was used as the interlayer on tungsten surface, it bonded with copper under low bonding temperature and short holding duration by the pulse electric current sintering (PECS) machine. The effects of bonding temperature, bonding duration time, bonding pressure and the difference of specimen shape on the bonding strength were investigated. The tensile strength of joints depended on these factors. Highest strength attained to the copper tensile strength.

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13

Dadvand, Nazila, Mina Dadvand, and Georges Kipouros. "Reversed Pulse Plating of Silver-Cobalt for Connector Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, no. 1 (2018): 000403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000403.

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Abstract The manuscript describes the use of anti-galling silver-cobalt alloy as a novel metallic contact finish for connector applications. The purpose of this work was to develop a cost-effective and cyanide-free and self-lubricated silver-cobalt alloy deposited using reversed pulse electrodeposition process for silver-based contact finishes in electrical contacts applications. The manuscript describes a novel silver-cobalt alloy deposited through reversed pulse-electroplating process that provides exceptionally low friction coefficient (similar to hard gold) and outstanding wear resistance compared to standard silver and any commercially available electroplated silver alloys such as silver-tin, silver palladium, silver antimony, silver-bismuth, silver-tellurium, and silver-tungsten.

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14

MURASE, Kuniaki, Takehiko SAKURADA, and Yasuhiro AWAKURA. "Electroless Plating of Cobalt Containing Tungsten Using Hydrazine as a Reducing Agent." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 55, no. 8 (2004): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.55.565.

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15

Tsyntsaru, N., J. Bobanova, X. Ye, et al. "Iron–tungsten alloys electrodeposited under direct current from citrate–ammonia plating baths." Surface and Coatings Technology 203, no. 20-21 (2009): 3136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.03.041.

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16

YANG, YING, YU ZHANG, YUHONG ZHANG, BIAO YAN, and FAN MO. "CORROSION PROPERTIES OF ULTRASONIC ELECTRODEPOSITED NANOCRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS PATTERNED Ni–W ALLOY COATINGS." Modern Physics Letters B 27, no. 19 (2013): 1341007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984913410078.

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Ni - W alloy coating is a kind of promising environmental friendly alloy to substitute for hard chrome plating, for its excellent functional properties. Their properties depend mainly on the structure and defect, such as cracks. The crack is catastrophe to both physical and chemical properties and crystalline state also affect their properties and application. In this work, nanocrystalline nickel tungsten alloy (nc Ni - W ) coating, amorphous nickel tungsten alloy (a Ni - W ) coating and crystalline nickel tungsten alloy (c Ni - W ) coating were prepared under ultrasonic direct current (UDC) electroplating. The aim of the present study is to achieve structure control and high surface quality of Ni - W alloy coatings, and investigate corrosion properties of these coatings to explain the contradiction of better corrosion resistance of nc Ni - W coating than a Ni - W coating in experiment and theory. Thus X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were used to examine the composition, crystalline state, microstructures and defects of the samples. Moreover, potentiodynamic polarization test was used to study the corrosion behavior of electroplated nickel–tungsten alloys.

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17

Wang, Zenglin, Zonghuai Liu, Zupei Yang, and Shoso Shingubara. "Characterization of sputtered tungsten nitride film and its application to Cu electroless plating." Microelectronic Engineering 85, no. 2 (2008): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2007.07.017.

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18

Dong, Ying Hu, Rui Qing Zhang, Lang Zhou, et al. "Formation Mechanism and Properties of Thickness-Controllable Tungsten Coating on Diamond Surface by Salt Bath Plating." Materials Science Forum 933 (October 2018): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.264.

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The fabrication of porous diamond preforms is a key step for obtain diamond/metal copposites with high proporties by liquid infiltration. In order to prepare porous diamond preforms with high strength and excellent compatibility with liquid metal. The diamond metallization should be treated first usually.In this paper, the microstructure, composition, phase structure and bond strength of tungsten coating on diamond surface by using salt-bath method were observed and analyzed experimentally including scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy spectrometer analysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that tungsten start to react with carbon atoms on the surface of diamond at 1100°C while a dense and completely covered coating can be obtained at the temperature of 1150°C with 10-120 minutes dwell time. With this process, the layer on diamond surface can be regulated in the range of 1.18 to 3.24μm. The phase structure of coating from outside to inside is W, W2C and WC phase, respectively. Thermal shock experiments also show that the coatings on diamond surface have excellent bond strength as well as high temperature resistance.

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19

Chen, Wenshu, Guoqiang Luo, Meijuan Li, Qiang Shen, Chuanbin Wang, and Lianmeng Zhang. "Effect of 2,2′-dipyridyl on the plating rate, microstructure and performance of copper-coated tungsten composite powders prepared using electroless plating." Applied Surface Science 301 (May 2014): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.01.107.

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20

Ahmed, N. A. G., and S. D. Preston. "Sputter ion plating of tungsten on CVD grown diamonds for laser thermal diffusivity measurement." Thin Solid Films 258, no. 1-2 (1995): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(94)02365-4.

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21

Luo, Laima, Yucheng Wu, Jian Li, and Yuchun Zheng. "Preparation of nickel-coated tungsten carbide powders by room temperature ultrasonic-assisted electroless plating." Surface and Coatings Technology 206, no. 6 (2011): 1091–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.078.

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22

Jiang, F., and Y. C. Zhang. "Characterisation of tungsten coatings by pulsed current plating from molten salt in air atmosphere." Transactions of the IMF 92, no. 1 (2013): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0020296713z.000000000141.

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23

Ding, Xiaodong, Wei Wang, Yu Wang, Rui Xu, and Dan Yu. "High-performance flexible electromagnetic shielding polyimide fabric prepared by nickel-tungsten-phosphorus electroless plating." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 777 (March 2019): 1265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.120.

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24

Wang, Langlang, Lei Xu, C. Srinivasakannan, Sivasankar Koppala, Zhaohui Han, and Hongying Xia. "Electroless copper plating of tungsten powders and preparation of WCu20 composites by microwave sintering." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 764 (October 2018): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.06.061.

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25

Hou, Kung Hsu, Yun Feng Chang, and Ming Der Ger. "Corrosion Resistance of Pulse-Electroplated Ni-W Alloys." Solid State Phenomena 185 (February 2012): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.185.15.

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Nickel-tungsten (Ni-W) plating process exhibited fewer environmental hazards and lower health hazards than conventional chromium bath processes did, because they had the potential to be substituted for certain future applications. This study attempted to develop Ni-W alloy coatings with different weight percentages of tungsten to produce by using nickel-tungsten citrate electrolyte baths that are deposited by pulse current power source techniques. The composition of the ratio of tungsten/nickel was controlled by the change from ion mass transfer rates for the interface between cathodes and electrolytes that were caused by adjustment by charging the over potential or rest that was regulated by the on-off time during pulse and reverse-pulse current. In this study, the corrosion resistance and the composition of the coatings related to the operating parameters were also discussed through the analyses of the experimental design method. Results were found that Ni-W alloy compositions governed through regulation of pulse and pulse-reverse parameters. The frequencies of electric current, Ton and Toff with pulse duty cycles had great impact on chemical composition and surface morphology for the deposits. Results of the electrochemical tests indicated the pulse plated Ni-W metal alloy coatings in which the corrosion resistance was superior to that of the alloy deposited by the direct current technique.

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26

Dadvand, Nazila, and Mina Dadvand. "Pulse Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Silver-Tungsten-Cobalt Oxide Composite from a Non-Cyanide Plating Bath." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 161, no. 14 (2014): D730—D735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0371414jes.

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27

Wahab, Hassan A., M. Y. Noordin, Mohammad Sakhawat Hussain, and S. Izman. "Characteristics of Electroplated Nickel Layer on Tungsten Carbide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.73.

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Diamond coating on tungsten carbide (WC-Co) cutting tools with cobalt binder experiences delaminating failure due to the deleterious effect of cobalt. One of the methods used to reduce this effect is by coating an interlayer onto the substrate surface prior to diamond deposition. Different materials have been used as an interlayer which is normally deposited to the substrate surface using CVD and PVD techniques. Among different materials used as interlayer on WC-Co, nickel is considered as an attractive candidate due its good chemical and physical properties. In this study the potential of the electroplating technique for deposition of nickel interlayer on WC-Co will be investigated. Nickel deposition on WC-6%Co substrate was carried out by electroplating in a standard watts solution at constant plating parameters (Current: 0.1 Amp, electric potential: 1.0 V and pH: 3.5). The gap between anode and cathode was varied (5mm, 10mm and 15mm). The nickel coating formed on the hard metal surface was characterized in terms of the coating thickness, layer uniformity and coating hardness by using SEM and the micro hardness tester. Based on the results, desirable nickel coating properties were obtained when the separation distance between anode and cathode was 15mm.

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28

Ranasinghe, Dulashani R., Basu R. Aryal, Tyler R. Westover, et al. "Seeding, Plating and Electrical Characterization of Gold Nanowires Formed on Self-Assembled DNA Nanotubes." Molecules 25, no. 20 (2020): 4817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204817.

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Self-assembly nanofabrication is increasingly appealing in complex nanostructures, as it requires fewer materials and has potential to reduce feature sizes. The use of DNA to control nanoscale and microscale features is promising but not fully developed. In this work, we study self-assembled DNA nanotubes to fabricate gold nanowires for use as interconnects in future nanoelectronic devices. We evaluate two approaches for seeding, gold and palladium, both using gold electroless plating to connect the seeds. These gold nanowires are characterized electrically utilizing electron beam induced deposition of tungsten and four-point probe techniques. Measured resistivity values for 15 successfully studied wires are between 9.3 × 10−6 and 1.2 × 10−3 Ωm. Our work yields new insights into reproducible formation and characterization of metal nanowires on DNA nanotubes, making them promising templates for future nanowires in complex electronic circuitry.

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29

Huang, X. L., Lin Liu, Bo Qin Gu, Chun Lei Shao, and Jian Feng Zhou. "Remanufacturing of High Temperature Ball Valve by Surface Engineering Technology." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 1381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.1381.

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Four kinds of coating materials and two kinds of brush plating materials were screened and sprayed on the surface of valve ball by plasma spraying technology and brush plated on the surface of valve seat by electrical brush technology, respectively. The wear resistance of the sealing pairs and the properties of the plasma sprayed coatings were tested. The results indicate that the sealing pair composed of the valve ball with the plasma sprayed coating of Al2O3-TiO2 and the valve seat with the brush plating layer of nickel tungsten has best combination property. The gap of the sealing pair at room temperature and the leakage rate at elevated temperature of the high temperature ball valve were obtained by FEM method and analysis method, respectively. Therefore, the open and close torque of the high temperature ball valve was determined. According to the results of the research, the failed ball valve was remanufactured, and the performance inspection was also conducted. The remanufactured ball valve has much longer service life than the original one and its sealing behavior was also improved significantly.

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30

Zhao, Yuchao, Nan Ye, Haiou Zhuo, et al. "Influence of Pulse Current Forward-Reverse Duty Cycle on Structure and Performance of Electroplated W–Cu Composite Coatings." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051233.

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Tungsten-copper (W–Cu) composites are widely used as electrical contact materials, resistance welding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), and plasma electrode materials due to their excellent arc erosion resistance, fusion welding resistance, high strength, and superior hardness. However, the traditional preparation methods pay little attention to the compactness and microstructural uniformity of W–Cu composites. Herein, W–Cu composite coatings are prepared by pulse electroplating using nano-W powder as raw material and the influence of forward-reverse duty cycle of pulse current on the structure and mechanical properties is systematically investigated. Moreover, the densification mechanism of the W–Cu composite coating is analyzed from the viewpoints of forward-pulse plating and reverse-pulse plating. At the current density (J) of 2 A/dm2, frequency (f) of 1500 Hz, forward duty cycle (df) of 40% and reverse duty cycle (dr) of 10%, the W–Cu composite coating rendered a uniform microstructure and compact structure, resulting in a hardness of 127 HV and electrical conductivity of 53.7 MS/m.

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31

ISHIDA, Kohei, Takuo NAKADE, Tsutomu MORIKAWA, Masao MIYAKE, and Tetsuji HIRATO. "Electrodeposition Behavior of Fe-W Alloy Plating and Metallic Tungsten Deposition on Iron-Group Metal Cathodes." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 69, no. 11 (2018): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.69.533.

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32

Wang, Wenchang, Xin Jü, Chengyi Xu, Weiwei Zhang, Naotoshi Mitsuzaki, and Zhidong Chen. "Study on Electroless Plating Ni-W-P Ternary Alloy with High Tungsten from Compound Complexant Bath." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 29, no. 12 (2020): 8213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05312-9.

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33

Zhang, Yingyi, Junmao Qie, Kunkun Cui, et al. "Effect of hot dip silicon-plating temperature on microstructure characteristics of silicide coating on tungsten substrate." Ceramics International 46, no. 4 (2020): 5223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.10.270.

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34

Popczyk, Magdalena, and Bożena Łosiewicz. "Influence of Surface Development of Ni/W Coatings on the Kinetics of the Electrolytic Hydrogen Evolution." Solid State Phenomena 228 (March 2015): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.228.293.

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The Ni+W composite coatings were prepared by electrodeposition under the galvanostatic conditions (jdep = -300 mA cm-2) from the nickel plating bath containing an addition of tungsten powder of different granulation (<150 nm, 12 μm, <150 μm). For comparison, the Ni-W alloy coating was also obtained. Studies of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were carried out in 5 M KOH solution at room temperature using steady-state polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. It was found that for the Ni+W (<150 μm) composite coating increase in the activity of HER was observed in comparison with the others coatings.

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35

Xie, Peng Cheng, Gang Gou, Zhen Xing Wen, Yu Mei Ding, and Wei Min Yang. "Research on the Key Technology of Precision Injection Molding Equipment for Light Guide Plate." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.306.

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The light guide plate is an important element of the LCD backlight module which demands a certain degree of transparency and uniformity of gray. The defects such as black spots and yellow surface appeared when the light guide plate was processed by domestic equipments. The main problem was caused by the plasticization unit. The Influencing factors of performance for polycarbonate (PC) special screw were discussed in this paper. The conveyance capacity of melt in the metering zone of injection screws with different flight width and channel depth was analyzed by POLYFLOW software. In order to obtain high surface hardness, corrosion resistance and smoothness of PC special screw, surface coating processing was the key point for injection molding light guide plate. Moreover, the peel strength of PC with different coating processing metallic block was tested and measured. he experimental results of the analysis showed that the nickel-tungsten alloy plating and physical vapor deposition can significantly improve stripping properties, corrosion resistance and smoothness. The influencing factors of coating and PC materials’ stripping were analyzed. Through industrial testing, the defective rate of light guide plate had been greatly reduced with physical vapor deposition compared to the screw with hard chromium plating.

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36

Kadhim, Kamil J., Nizam Abd Rahman, Mohd Rizal Salleh, and Khairul Izani Mohd Zukee. "Effects of Layer Thickness on the Microstructures of TiN/AlTiN Multilayer Coatings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 761 (May 2015): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.761.417.

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TiN/AlTiN multilayer coatings were deposited on tungsten carbide cutting tool by applying a direct current on a pulsed bias arc ion plating system. The effect of pulsed bias layer thickness on sample properties was investigated. The amount of grain size decreased with increasing layer thickness. The crystal structure of the coatings was determined using a D8 Advance Bruker X-ray diffractometer with CuKa (λ = 1.5405 Å) radiation. TiN/AlTiN multilayer coatings were crystallized with orientations in the (111), (200), (222), and (311) crystallographic planes, and the microstructure was enhanced with preferred orientation in the (111) plane. Compared with the substrate, all the specimens coated with TiN/AlTiN multilayer coatings exhibited better X-ray diffraction properties.

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37

Yan, Pei, Jian Xin Deng, Zhen Chen, Yun Song Lian, Jun Zhao, and Xing Ai. "Preparation of ZrTiN Hard Coating and its Performance." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.92.

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ZrTiN hard coatings were deposited by multi-arc ion plating on tungsten carbide substrates, using separated Ti and Zr targets in nitrogen and argon atmosphere, combined with ion bombardment of samples surface. The films exhibited a dense and fine grained structure with no columnar growth structure. ZrTiN coatings deposited reveal a (111) preferred crystal orientation. For the coatings, solid solutions were formed. The coatings possessed a higher microhardness value (approx. 2700 Hv0.05) than their binary counterparts. The increased microhardness was probably due to a solid solution strengthening mechanism while depositing. The thickness of the coatings were between 2.0 and 2.3 μm. The adhesive strength of the coating-substrate system was up to more than 70N.

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38

Wada, Tadahiro, and Hiroyuki Hanyu. "Tool Wear of Aluminum/Chromium/Tungsten-Based-Coated Cemented Carbide in Cutting Hardened Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.377.

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An aluminum/chromium based coating film, called (Al,Cr)N coating film, has been developed. This coating film has a slightly more inferior critical scratch load and micro-hardness. Therefore, to improve both the scratch strength and micro-hardness of the (Al,Cr)N coating film, the cathode material of an alumi-num/chromium/tungsten target was used in adding the tungsten (W) to the cathode material of the alumi-num/chromium target. To clarify the effectiveness of the aluminum/chromium/tungsten-based coating film, we measured the thickness, micro-hardness and critical scratch strength of aluminum/chromium/tungsten-based coating film formed on the surface of a substrate of cemented carbide ISO K10 formed by the arc ion plating process. The hardened steel ASTM D2 was turned with the (Al,Cr,W)N, (Al,Cr,W)(C,N), (Al,Cr)N and the (Ti,Al)N coated cemented carbide tools. The tool wear of the coated cemented carbide tools was ex-perimentally investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) The micro-hardness of the (Al,Cr,W)N or (Al,Cr,W)(C,N), (Al,Cr)N coating film was 3110 HV0.25N or 3080 HV0.25N, respectively. (2) The critical scratch load of the (Al,Cr,W)(C,N) coating film was 123 N, which was much higher than that of the (Al,Cr)N or (Ti,Al)N coating film. (3) In cutting the hardened steel using (Al,Cr,W)(C,N) and (Ti,Al)N coated carbide tools, the wear progress of the (Al,Cr,W)(C,N) coated carbide tool was almost equivalent to that of the (Ti,Al)N coated carbide tool. The above results clarify that the aluminum/chromium/tungsten-based coating film, which is a new type of coating film, has both high hardness and good adhesive strength, and can be used as a coating film of WC-Co cemented carbide cutting tools.

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39

Zangeneh-Madar, K., M. Amirjan, and N. Parvin. "Improvement of physical properties of Cu-infiltrated W compacts via electroless nickel plating of primary tungsten powder." Surface and Coatings Technology 203, no. 16 (2009): 2333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.02.055.

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40

Kuo, Tai-Chen, Yin-Hsien Su, Wen-Hsi Lee, et al. "A study on the plating and wetting ability of ruthenium-tungsten multi-layers for advanced Cu metallization." Microelectronic Engineering 162 (August 2016): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2016.04.025.

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41

FUJITA, Yunosuke, Motofumi OHKI, Hiroshi SAITO, and Gaku NASHIMOTO. "Formation mechanism of tungsten carbide hard thin film by wet plating and vacuum gas carburizing complex method." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2018.26 (2018): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2018.26.411.

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42

Gheta, Roxana Alexandra, Ionelia Voiculescu, Ion Mihai Vasile, and Georgiana Chisiu. "Study on the Microstructural Characteristics of Some Metallic Layers Produced Using the Electrochemical Method and Thermal Spraying." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 3 (2001): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.3.7985.

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The paper presents the comparative analysis of the microstructural particularities and the superficial characteristics (microhardness and wear resistance) of 3 methods of producing composite layers on metallic support. The aim of the research was to study the possibility of replacing the hard chromium plating process by the thermal metallization process, in order to produce layers resistant to wear and corrosion. Samples produced by hard chromium plating (layers deposited by electrolysis), samples loaded by thermal metallization with electric arc and G3Si1 wire, and samples loaded by thermal metallization with oxy-gas flame and detonation (HVOF) using tungsten carbide as filler material were used in this study.Hard chromium plating allows for high wear resistance thin layers to be produced, but the process is cumbersome and polluting. Thermal metallization allows the production of composite layers, of a chemical composition selected according to the operational demands, in much shorter times and at lower costs. In order to ensure a higher adhesion and to reduce the mechanical stresses at the support-hard layer interface, an intermediate layer of nickel was deposited in the case of samples loaded by thermal metallization with wire. In the paper, the microstructures in cross-section were analysed, the chemical compositions were determined on micro-zones related to the diffusion from the support material and the microhardness in the deposited metal and in the thermally affected zones was measured. These studies have shown that composite metallic layers displaying satisfactory mechanical and microstructural characteristics can be produced using alternative methods (thermal metallization) if optimum regime parameters are chosen.

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Semenikhin, Boris A., Lyubov P. Kuznetsova, and Vladimir I. Kozlikin. "The Use of Hard Alloy Waste in Composite Galvanic Coatings for the Restoration of Car Parts." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.258.

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The results of the research of the use of powders based on tungsten carbide with a particle size of 1 μm or less, obtained by the method of electro-erosion dispersion from the waste of sintered hard alloys, as a dispersed phase of composite galvanic coatings based on iron during the restoration and hardening of car parts are presented. It is shown that the introduction powders of hard alloys of grades VK8 and T15K6 in the chloride electrolyte of iron plating with a concentration of 100 g/l and more, practically does not affect the micro-hardness, but allows to increase the relative wear resistance of the obtained composite galvanic coatings, compared to simple iron galvanic coatings, and, at the same time, increase the life of parts and reduce repair costs.

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Chen, Yuanyuan, Yuan Huang, Fei Li, et al. "High-strength diffusion bonding of oxide-dispersion-strengthened tungsten and CuCrZr alloy through surface nano-activation and Cu plating." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 92 (November 2021): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2021.03.040.

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45

Liao, T.-T., and C. Kung. "High-temperature mechanical and electrical properties of W-particle-reinforced Cu-matrix composites from improved electroless plated powders." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 6 (2009): 1285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1343.

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Copper (Cu)-matrix composites combine the high electrical and thermal conductivities of Cu with the enhanced wear resistance and strength of the reinforcement material, and are therefore widely used for electrical contact applications in a diverse range of fields. In the current study, tungsten-reinforced copper (W—Cu) composite powders are fabricated using a novel electroless Cu plating process in which the homogeneity of the powder mixture is improved via the use of an ultrasonic agitation technique. The volume content of the tungsten particle reinforcement in the composite specimens is 3, 6, and 12 per cent, respectively, and standard powder metallurgical techniques are then applied to produce the final composite powders. The mechanical and electrical properties of the composite powders are evaluated at room temperature and at temperatures ranging from 100 to 300 °C. Fracture surfaces of the composite samples are ana-lysed using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the mechanical properties of the W—Cu composite samples are significantly better than those of pure Cu specimens, particularly at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the addition of 3 vol% W particles to the W—Cu composite is found to yield a reduction of not more than 2 per cent in the electrical conductivity of the composite sample compared to that of a pure Cu specimen. Overall, the results indicate that the optimal mechanical and electrical properties are obtained by mixing pure Cu powder with 3 vol% of Cu-plated W particles with a mean dimension of 1 μm.

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Yildiz, Rasid Ahmed, Ali Göksenli, Be Hiye Yüksel, Faiz Muhaffel, and Ali Aydeniz. "Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Produced Ni-B-W Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.263.

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The present work deals with the formation of Ni-B-W coating on steel by electroless plating process and evaluation of their corrosion resistance after applying heat treatments at different temperatures for 1 h. The Ni-B-W coating was prepared using alkaline borohydride- reduced electroless nickel bath. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface cross-sectional view of the electroless Ni-B-W coating was analyzed and layer characteristics was investigated. Coating structure was investigated using XRD. The study reveals that the Ni-B-W coating is amorphous in their as-plated condition and upon heat treatment at 400 0C for 1 h, Ni-B-W coating crystallize and produce nickel and nickel borides in the coatings. Annealing temperature dependence of the corrosion resistance of the coating was investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. These results show that the Ni–B-W coating annealed at 650 0C exhibit better corrosion resistance than those of coatings with other annealing temperature. The corrosion resistance increased after the crystallisation of the coating, due to factors like; decrease of porosity and internal stress and the formation of tungsten oxide on the surface acting as a protective layer.

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Hlava, Paul, Jeff Braithwaite, and Rob Sorensen. "Microprobe study of diode corrosion." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100163538.

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A few diodes from a production lot were discovered to have unacceptable current leak rates after about 5 years of storage. Inspection revealed the presence of copper sulfide deposits that bridged the external body of the diode and presumably provided a leakage path. Figure 1 shows the physical configuration of a diode. The function of this device is performed by a silicon-based semiconductor that is bonded between two cylinders of tungsten with copper headpins (Cu wire with a flat “nail-head” formed on one end) brazed to the opposite ends of the cylinders. A toroidal ring of glass protects the Si chip. All exposed metal parts are covered by an immersion plating of Ag. Then the entire assembly is coated with black epoxy and a band of green ink is applied to the cathode end. During storage, each diode was placed in a cardboard holder and secured in stacks of about ten with rubber bands.Analytical and environmental exposure studies were performed at Allied Signal and Sandia to determine the cause and potential long-term significance of this corrosion-related degradation problem. The objective of the analytical work was to characterize the corrosion product and help identify the corrosion mechanism. Tools included optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, SIMS, and x-ray diffraction.

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Aminian, Mohsen Khajeh, and Jinhua Ye. "Morphology influence on photocatalytic activity of tungsten oxide loaded by platinum nanoparticles." Journal of Materials Research 25, no. 1 (2010): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2010.0021.

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Photocatalytic activity of different morphologies of tungsten oxide was investigated before and after platinum loading. Different shape particles of tungsten oxide were synthesized using peroxo tungstic acid solution as a basic precursor and different methods. The prepared materials were composed of nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanosheets that formed different morphologies. The results of photodegradation with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) under visible light showed that the samples composed of nanostructures with an average lateral thickness of 20 to 47 nm were more active than one composed of broad nanosheets with a thickness of 60 nm. The samples were loaded with a platinum cocatalyst. The results of photocatalytic evaluation of loaded samples showed that the photooxidation reaction of samples with a smaller feature was accelerated with a higher rate rather than one with broad nanosheets. We conclude that although loading of a cocatalyst promoted the photocatalytic activity, it is not capable of compensating for the morphology influence on the photocatalytic activity.

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Trejo, Jhonattan, Ramón Tolosa, Néstor Ruiz, et al. "Comparative study of the main properties associated with thin layers of coatings with the cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloy (stellite) and hard chromium plating used as reinforcements for wood sawing." Mechanics of Materials 152 (January 2021): 103637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103637.

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50

Oh, Duck-kyu, Young-Jae Lee, Kwan-Young Lee, and Jong-Soo Park. "Nitrogen Monoxide and Soot Oxidation in Diesel Emissions with Platinum–Tungsten/Titanium Dioxide Catalysts: Tungsten Loading Effect." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (2020): 1283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111283.

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Compared with Pt/TiO2, tungsten-loaded Pt–W/TiO2 catalysts exhibit improved activity for NO and soot oxidation. Using catalysts prepared by an incipient wetness method, the tungsten loading effect was investigated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), CO pulse chemisorption, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and pyridine Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Loading tungsten on the Pt/TiO2 catalyst reduced the platinum particle size, as revealed in TEM images. CO pulse chemisorption showed that platinum was covered with tungsten and the dispersion of platinum decreased when 5 wt.% or more of tungsten was loaded. The NH3-TPD and pyridine-FT-IR results demonstrated that the number of strong acid sites and Brønsted acid sites in the catalyst were increased by the presence of tungsten. Therefore, a catalyst containing an appropriate amount of tungsten increased the dispersion of platinum, thereby increasing the number of active sites for NO and soot oxidation, and increased the acidity of the catalyst, thereby increasing the activity of soot oxidation by NO2

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