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Journal articles on the topic 'Twin-disc'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Ahlroos, T., H. Ronkainen, A. Helle, R. Parikka, J. Virta, and S. Varjus. "Twin disc micropitting tests." Tribology International 42, no. 10 (2009): 1460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.05.023.

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2

Barwar, Gulshan, SwapnilMadhukar Parchand, Deepshikha Agrawal, and AnilBabanrao Gangwe. "Twin disc anomaly – A rare case of optic disc pit with disc coloboma." Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports 3, no. 1 (2023): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijo.ijo_1786_22.

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3

Guo, Yueteng, Suofang Wang, and Wenjie Shen. "Genetic Optimization of Twin-Web Turbine Disc Cavities in Aeroengines." Energies 17, no. 17 (2024): 4346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174346.

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Twin-web turbine discs have been the subject of research recently in an effort to lighten weight and boost aeroengine efficiency. In the past, the cooling design of turbine discs was generally constrained to optimizing a single structural parameter, which hindered the enhancement of the optimization impact. Therefore, this article proposes a twin-web turbine disc system with a high radius pre-swirl. Driven by the database produced through the numerical simulation, a backpropagation network surrogate model is constructed, and the angles of the pre-swirl nozzles and receiver holes are optimized

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4

Popa, M. F., Lavinia-Simona Candea, and I. Parlica. "Morphological - lesional aspects of prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis." ARS Medica Tomitana 20, no. 4 (2014): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsm-2015-0003.

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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present a case of prosthetic mitral valve thrombosis in a young patient with a history of acute articular rheumatism with bivalvular damage which required prosthetic mitral twin disc and tricuspid annuloplasty that, despite effective anticoagulation treatment, shows a high degree of mitral valve obstruction with severe hemodynamic disturbances that ultimately led to death. The particularity of the case lies in the development of thrombosis in twin disc prosthesis type, complication that, in the literature, is cited as being more rarely met than the case

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5

Shen, Xiu Li, and Shao Jing Dong. "Structure Optimization and Welding Residual Stress Analysis of Twin-Web Turbine Disc." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.309.

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This paper has proposed a new shape of the twin-web turbine disc. Based on a design optimization of the shape of the twin-web turbine disc by finite element numerical calculation, we analyzed welding types and carried out the simulation of the welding process and obtained the residual stress. Finally we got a 5.8% weight loss and summarized residual stress of the welding and proved the feasibility of the new shape.

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6

Gallardo-Hernandez, E. A., and R. Lewis. "Twin disc assessment of wheel/rail adhesion." Wear 265, no. 9-10 (2008): 1309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.03.020.

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7

Sukumaran, J., M. Ando, P. De Baets, et al. "Modelling gear contact with twin-disc setup." Tribology International 49 (May 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2011.12.007.

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8

Isaac, G., C. Changenet, F. Ville, J. Cavoret, and S. Becquerelle. "Thermal analysis of twin-disc machine for traction tests and scuffing experiments." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 12 (2018): 1548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118756539.

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Literature agrees that thermal effects have a great influence on friction. However, the heat flows and the thermal behaviour of test rigs used to characterize friction coefficient are largely dependent on their architecture. As a consequence, some discrepancies can be noted between the frictional responses measured by different test benches. Therefore, a thermal model of a twin-disc machine has been developed using the thermal network methodology. This model allows thermal analyses of the traction tests performed with this twin-disc machine. The results reveal that the disc bulk temperature ha

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9

Duarte, António, J. Seabra, and Henrique Santos. "ADI Behaviour under Twin-Disc Contact Fatigue Tests." Key Engineering Materials 230-232 (October 2002): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.230-232.218.

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10

Bao, C., and H. W. Bodmann. "Evaluation of a twin-rotation-disc visibility meter." Lighting Research & Technology 18, no. 1 (1986): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718601800102.

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11

Drobnjak, Dragana, Nina C. B. B. Taarnhøj, Paul Mitchell, et al. "Heritability of optic disc diameters: a twin study." Acta Ophthalmologica 89, no. 2 (2011): e193-e198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.01923.x.

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12

Szydlowski, W., R. Brzoskowski, and J. L. White. "Modelling Flow in an Intermeshing Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder: Flow in Kneading Discs." International Polymer Processing 2, no. 4 (1987): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/217.870207.

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Abstract A model for simulation of flow in an intermeshing kneading disc region of corotating twin screw extruder is presented. This is based on hydrodynamic lubrication theory for a Newtonian fluid. Numerical procedures are used to compute the pressure distribution and flow field in the kneading disc region. The influence of staggering angle, nip clearance, screw speed and throughput rate are investigated.

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13

Takikawa, M., and Y. Iriya. "Laboratory simulations with twin-disc machine on head check." Wear 265, no. 9-10 (2008): 1300–1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2008.03.023.

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14

Gallardo-Hernandez, E. A., R. Lewis, and R. S. Dwyer-Joyce. "Temperature in a twin-disc wheel/rail contact simulation." Tribology International 39, no. 12 (2006): 1653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2006.01.028.

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15

del Moral-Castro, I., B. García-Lorenzo, C. Ramos Almeida та ін. "Larger λR in the disc of isolated active spiral galaxies than in their non-active twins". Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (липень 2020): L9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038091.

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We present a comparison of the spin parameter λR, measured in a region dominated by the galaxy disc, between 20 pairs of nearby (0.005 < z < 0.03) seemingly isolated twin galaxies differing in nuclear activity. We find that 80−82% of the active galaxies show higher values of λR than their corresponding non-active twin(s), indicating larger rotational support in the active galactic nuclei (AGN) discs. This result is driven by the 11 pairs of unbarred galaxies, for which 100% of the AGN show larger λR than their twins. These results can be explained by a more efficient angular momentum tra

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16

Patil, Santosh, Saravanan Karuppanan, and Azmi Abdul Wahab. "Contact Pressure Evaluation of a Gear Pair along the Line of Action Using Finite Element Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.403.

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In loaded gears, contact behavior along the line of action changes tremendously. This leads to variation in gear contact conditions along the tooth flank, which may cause the failures such as surface wear, scuffing and pitting at different positions on the tooth surface. Hence, the information on the instant contact behavior along the line of action is crucial. However its evaluation for real gear conditions is very complicated. In this paper, the contact pressure for a pair of mating spur gears has been determined by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) using ANSYS software. The contact pressure res

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17

Ortega-Rodríguez, M., H. Solís-Sánchez, L. Álvarez-García, and E. Dodero-Rojas. "On twin peak quasi-periodic oscillations resulting from the interaction between discoseismic modes and turbulence in accretion discs around black holes." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 492, no. 2 (2019): 1755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3541.

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ABSTRACT Given the peculiar and (in spite of many efforts) unexplained quasi-periodic oscillation twin peak phenomena in accretion disc power spectral density observations, the present exploratory analytical article tries to inquire deeper into the relationship between discoseismic modes and the underlying driving turbulence in order to assess its importance. We employ a toy model in the form of a Gaussian white noise-driven damped harmonic oscillator with stochastic frequency. This oscillator represents the discoseismic mode. (Stochastic damping was also considered, but interestingly it was f

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18

Healey, Paul, Francis Carbonaro, Bronwen Taylor, Tim D. Spector, Paul Mitchell, and Christopher J. Hammond. "The Heritability of Optic Disc Parameters: A Classic Twin Study." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 49, no. 1 (2008): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.07-0962.

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19

Bernal, Esteban, Maksym Spiryagin, Kevin Oldknow, et al. "Hand operated tribometer versus twin disc dry friction characteristics measurements." Wear 540-541 (March 2024): 205267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2024.205267.

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20

Ringsberg, Jonas W., Anders Skyttebol, and B. Lennart Josefson. "Investigation of the rolling contact fatigue resistance of laser cladded twin-disc specimens: FE simulation of laser cladding, grinding and a twin-disc test." International Journal of Fatigue 27, no. 6 (2005): 702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.10.006.

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21

Liu, H. C., B. B. Zhang, N. Bader, C. H. Venner, and G. Poll. "Scale and contact geometry effects on friction in thermal EHL: twin-disc versus ball-on-disc." Tribology International 154 (February 2021): 106694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106694.

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22

AyoubAmghar, Tossi Sara, Fichtali karima, Lamrissi Amine, and Bouhya Said. "Thoracic-Omphalopagus Conjoined Twins: A Case Report and Review of the literature." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 8 (2022): 898–900. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7047268.

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Conjoined twins represent a rare and serious complication of monozygotic twin pregnancies due to late cleavage at the embryonic disc stage. We report the fortuitous discovery of thoraco-omphalopagus conjoined twins at 8 months of pregnancy whose prognosis remains most often very reserved.

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23

Ducrée, Jens. "Secure Air Traffic Control at the Hub of Multiplexing on the Centrifugo-Pneumatic Lab-on-a-Disc Platform." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (2021): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060700.

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Fluidic larger-scale integration (LSI) resides at the heart of comprehensive sample-to-answer automation and parallelization of assay panels for frequent and ubiquitous bioanalytical testing in decentralized point-of-use/point-of-care settings. This paper develops a novel “digital twin” strategy with an emphasis on rotational, centrifugo-pneumatic flow control. The underlying model systematically connects retention rates of rotationally actuated valves as a key element of LSI to experimental input parameters; for the first time, the concept of band widths in frequency space as the decisive qua

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24

Navrátil, Václav, Radovan Galas, Milan Klapka, Daniel Kvarda, and Milan Omasta. "Wheel Squeal Mitigation Under Water Lubrication." Tribology in Industry 3, no. 46 (2024): 418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/ti.1579.11.23.01.

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This study investigates the potential of applying water to the wheel-rail contact to reduce squealing noise. For this purpose, a twin-disc device with a single tram wheel and real wheel suspension stiffnesses was developed. Three types of tests were performed. During the tests, adhesion coefficient, sound pressure level and wheel axial vibration were measured. The tests under dry conditions were carried out to describe the frequency spectrum of wheel vibration and to establish reference values for further measurements. The tests under wet conditions were carried out to investigate the ability

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25

Guo, Yueteng, Suofang Wang, and Wenjie Shen. "Multi-Objective Optimization of the Pre-Swirl System in a Twin-Web Turbine Disc Cavity." Aerospace 11, no. 9 (2024): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090761.

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Enhancing thermal efficiency and minimizing weight are prevailing issues in aero engines. Owing to its hollow structure, the twin-web turbine disc exhibits remarkable weight reduction properties, while its enhanced cooling constitutes a novel challenge. In this study, a twin-web turbine disc cavity system is numerically investigated. To enhance the cooling effect and minimize pressure loss, a multi-objective genetic algorithm and Kriging surrogate model are employed to optimize the radial height of the pre-swirl nozzle and receiver hole in the disc cavity system. The results indicate that the

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26

Gebretsadkan Brhane, Awet, and Samuel Tesfaye Mekonone. "Numeric simulation of steel twin disc system under rolling-sliding contact." Tribology and Materials 2, no. 4 (2023): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2023.019.

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Various mechanical parts come into high-load rolling and sliding contact at the contact surface. Even with technological advancements, mechanical failures still occur. Rolling-sliding mechanical contact issues are the primary cause of over 90 % of surface and subsurface metallic failures and they are only becoming worse. Using discretised continuum 2D finite element methods (FEM), this research investigates the parametric contact effect of a steel twin disc system subjected to rolling-sliding contact at varied surface friction and comprehensive load condition. The equivalent von Mises stress d

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27

White, Ben, and Roger Lewis. "Simulation and understanding the wet-rail phenomenon using twin disc testing." Tribology International 136 (August 2019): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.03.067.

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28

Lewis, S. R., R. Lewis, G. Evans, and L. E. Buckley-Johnstone. "Assessment of railway curve lubricant performance using a twin-disc tester." Wear 314, no. 1-2 (2014): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2013.11.033.

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29

Bratek, Łukasz, Szymon Sikora, Joanna Jałocha, and Marek Kutschera. "Velocity–density twin transforms in the thin disc model: Figure 1." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 451, no. 4 (2015): 4018–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv1265.

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30

Teikari, J. M., and J. P. Airaksinen. "Twin study on cup/disc ratio of the optic nerve head." British Journal of Ophthalmology 76, no. 4 (1992): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.76.4.218.

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31

Seo, Jung Won, Seok Jin Kwon, Dong Hyeog Lee, and Ha Yong Choi. "Evaluation of Wear Behavior of Wheel Steel Using Twin-Disc Test." Advanced Materials Research 716 (July 2013): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.434.

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The wheel/rail contact is chracterized by high contact forces and small contact areas. Although the standard of railway wheel has sustained, the damages of railway wheel have been occurred in service running. The railway wheel damage can be divided into three types; wear, contact fatigue failure and thermal crack due to braking. In curves, especially, large sliding on the contact patch occurs at the wheel tread and flange. Due to this sliding, wear increases in the wheel/rail contact under the dry condition. To reduce wear, more durable wheel steels are required. In order to develop new materi

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32

KAITO, Hirotoshi, Yasuhiro KAWAMOTO, Yoriko OHTA, et al. "3301 Effect of Solid Contacts in Twin Disc Tests on Pitting." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2009.18 (2009): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2009.18.185.

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33

Zani, Nicola, Candida Petrogalli, and Davide Battini. "Optimizing Railway Tribology: A Systematic Review and Predictive Modeling of Twin-Disc Testing Parameters." Lubricants 12, no. 11 (2024): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12110382.

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Twin-disc testing is crucial for understanding wheel–rail interactions in railway systems, but the vast array of testing parameters and conditions makes data interpretation challenging. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the twin-disc literature experimental data, focusing on how various parameters influence friction and wear characteristics under stationary contaminant conditions. We systematically collected and analyzed data from numerous studies, considering factors such as contact pressure, speed, material hardness, sliding speeds, adhesion, and a range of contaminants. This

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34

Leso, Tshenolo P., Charles Witness Siyasiya, Roelf J. Mostert, and Joseph Moema. "Development of a Cost-Effective Twin-Disc Test Rig for Railway Wear Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 922 (August 19, 2024): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7khamb.

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Maintenance due to the replacement of damaged wheels and rails due to rolling contact fatigue (RCF) and wear has been found to be the major problem to rail operating companies. This problem tends to lead to unavailability of railway networks. To solve this problem, costly wear simulators are developed to predict the wear behaviour of the rails and wheels to improve the preventive maintenance in pursuit of operational efficiency. Therefore, more studies that simulate a combination of rolling and sliding wear, together with RCF, are required, specifically for the Southern African, where good and

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35

Karlström, Anders, and Jan Hill. "Control strategies for refiners Part II: Consistency control in twin-disc refining zones using temperature profile information." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33, no. 1 (2018): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-3008.

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Abstract Consistency profiles in the refining zones of twin-disc refiners have always been cumbersome to estimate with good accuracy. To overcome such challenges, this paper shows that it is vital to measure temperature profiles between the refining discs to estimate uneven chip/pulp feed distribution. It is also shown that the plate clearance, measured by plate gap measurement devices, is changed dramatically when changing the amount of dilution water to the refining zones asymmetrically. At the same time, the inlet temperature will change as well while the maximum temperature is rather stabl

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36

Battié, Michele C., Tapio Videman, Jaakko Kaprio, et al. "The Twin Spine Study: Contributions to a changing view of disc degeneration†." Spine Journal 9, no. 1 (2009): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2008.11.011.

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37

Meneghetti, G., A. Terrin, and S. Giacometti. "A twin disc test rig for contact fatigue characterization of gear materials." Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016): 3185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.397.

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38

Chevalier, L., S. Cloupet, and M. Quillien. "Friction and wear during twin-disc experiments under ambient and cryogenic conditions." Tribology International 39, no. 11 (2006): 1376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.12.003.

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39

BUDIWANTORO, Bagus, I. Made PARWATA, Wiratmaja PUJA, and Satryo SOEMANTRI. "Optimum Lateral Railway Wheel Flange Radius WithMinimum Wear Rate: Twin Disc Simulation." Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering 7, no. 4 (2013): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmmp.7.496.

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40

Magelli, Matteo, Rosario Pagano, and Nicolò Zampieri. "Design of an Innovative Twin-Disc Device for the Evaluation of Wheel and Rail Profile Wear." Designs 8, no. 4 (2024): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs8040073.

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The tribological properties of steels used to realise railway wheels play a fundamental role in the performances of both vehicle and infrastructure. In particular, the wear process, caused by the wheel–rail interaction, modifies the shape of wheel and rail profiles, changing the performances of the vehicle. For this reason, research institutes and vehicle manufacturers have worked hard to develop predictive tools able to estimate the evolution of the wheel and rail profiles. The efficiency of these tools is strongly influenced by the tribological properties of the materials, i.e., the wear coe

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41

Tokovinin, Andrei, and Maxwell Moe. "Formation of close binaries by disc fragmentation and migration, and its statistical modelling." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 4 (2019): 5158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3299.

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ABSTRACT Joint statistics of periods and mass ratios of close binaries and its dependence on primary mass can be explained by assuming that seed binary companions are formed by disc fragmentation at random intervals during assemblage of stellar mass and migrate inwards as they accrete from the circumbinary disc. A toy model based on simple prescriptions for the companion growth and migration reproduces such aspects of close solar-mass binaries as the distribution of binary periods P, the brown dwarf desert at short P, the nearly uniform distribution of mass ratios, and a population of equal-ma

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42

Seah, Carina, Mert Karabacak, and Konstantinos D. Margetis. "412 Genetic Variants Underlying Expression of ADPRM and CAB39 Confer Susceptibility for Lumbar Disc Degeneration." Neurosurgery 71, Supplement_1 (2025): 99. https://doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000003360_412.

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INTRODUCTION: Lumbar disc degeneration is heritable, with twin studies estimating a heritability of up to 74%. Despite family history explaining a substantial proportion of variance in incidence, severity, and progression, little is known about the genetic variants underlying risk and how they functionally contribute to disease. METHODS: We applied transcriptomic imputation methods to identify tissue-specific drivers of lumbar disc degeneration from static genotypes. We applied skeletal muscle and spinal cord-specific transcriptomic imputation models (from the GTEx consortium) to the BioMe Bio

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43

Jiang, Wen Juan, Xiang Long Zhang, Wen Zhong, and Qi Yue Liu. "The Effect of Rail Material on Wear Behavior of Wheel and Rail." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1474.

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This study investigates the effect of rail material on their wear behavior of rail-wheel system by using MMS-2A twin-disc abrasion tester. When one type of wheel matches with different types of steel rail, the worn lose of the steel rail decreases with the increasing hardness, and the abrade wear of wheel increases. The trend showed by the SEM micrograph of the wear scar was consistent with the results of the worn lose.

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44

Popov, Nikolay, and Ivan Matveev. "Noninertial Proper Motions of the Minkowski Metric, the Sagnac Effect, and the Twin Paradox." Axioms 12, no. 6 (2023): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060537.

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The Sagnac effect and related twin paradox with a rotating disc are analyzed. It may seem that the special theory of relativity gives an easy and exhaustive treatment here. However, such consideration is deceptive since the principles of special relativity are originally established only for the inertial frames of reference, whereas the Sagnac experiment and the twin paradox exist in a noninertial one. We introduce an additional group of motions related to the rotation with uniform angular speed and show that these transformations leave the Minkowski metric invariant. Thus, we can give a firm

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45

Rovira, A., A. Roda, R. Lewis, and M. B. Marshall. "Application of Fastsim with variable coefficient of friction using twin disc experimental measurements." Wear 274-275 (January 2012): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2011.08.019.

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46

Zhu, Yi, Huayong Yang, and Wenjian Wang. "Twin-disc tests of iron oxides in dry and wet wheel−rail contacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 230, no. 4 (2015): 1066–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715575093.

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47

Seo, Jung-Won, Seok-Jin Kwon, Dong-Hyeong Lee, and Ha-Yong Choi. "Analysis of contact fatigue crack growth using twin-disc tests and numerical evaluations." International Journal of Fatigue 55 (October 2013): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.05.005.

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48

Shen, Xiuli, Wentong Hu, and Shaojing Dong. "Multidisciplinary and multifidelity optimization for twin-web turbine disc with asymmetric temperature distribution." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 60, no. 2 (2019): 803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02237-3.

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49

HAGINO, Kyoka, Kota KOBAYASHI, Daisuke IBA, and Ichiro MORIWAKI. "Temperature-Rise Measurement of Plastics under Rolling-Sliding Conditions through Twin-Disc Tests." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2022 (2022): S115–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2022.s115-14.

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50

Batista, António Castanhola, Joao P. Nobre, Daniel F. C. Peixoto, Luis A. A. Ferreira, Paulo M. S. T. de Castro, and Luís Coelho. "X-Ray Diffraction Residual Stress Measurements for Assessment of Rolling Contact Fatigue Behaviour of Railway Steels." Advanced Materials Research 996 (August 2014): 782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.996.782.

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Rolling contact fatigue twin-disc tests were performed on rail/wheel steels from Spanish high velocity trains (AVE). Residual stress profiles were determined using X-ray diffraction before and after cyclic loading. The evolution of residual stress profiles, due to cyclic loading, was analysed in order to study how they affect the rolling contact fatigue behaviour of these materials. This study is included in a major project where other related phenomena and materials’ properties have been studied.

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