Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Two-step Transesterification / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Two-step Transesterification.

Journal articles on the topic 'Two-step Transesterification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Two-step Transesterification.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Sivaramakrishnan, Ramachandran, and Aran Incharoensakdi. "Production of methyl ester from two microalgae by two-step transesterification and direct transesterification." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 5 (2016): 4950–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8217-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ji, Xiang, Shao Min Zhang, and Lu Cai. "A Two-Step Heterogeneous Catalyzed Process for Biodiesel Production." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.330.

Full text

Abstract:

Heterogeneous catalysts not only can provide as much reactive activity as homogeneous catalysts but they are very much more environmentally benign.This paper introduced a two-step catalyzed process for biodiesel production from low-quality feedstocks, then emphatically reviewed various heterogeneous acid catalysts for pre-esterification and base catalysts for transesterification during this process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

YAACOB, Marwan, Yoshimitsu UEMURA, Khalik M. SABIL, et al. "Effects of Reaction Parameters on Two-Step Alkali-Alkali Transesterification." Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy 92, no. 8 (2013): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.92.702.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Khan, Abdussalam, Abu Saleh Ahmed, Muhammad Khusairy Bakri, A. N. R. Reddy, and Md Rezaur Rahman. "Performance of Coconut Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine with Exhaust Gas Emission Analysis." Materials Science Forum 1030 (May 2021): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1030.149.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiesel fuel is biodegradable, Sulphur free, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Current research focuses on coconut biodiesel production using crude coconut oil. Both one and two step transesterification methods were utilized to analyze the effect of free fatty acid on the transesterification process while the two-step transesterification reported highest yield biodiesel percentage of 84% compared to the one step i.e. 72%. The fuel properties found compatible with standards. The biodiesel blends fueled diesel engine performance tests were performed on diesel engine Water-cooled, four st

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wu, Su Xi, Shuai Hang Yan, and Hui Cai. "Two-Step Preparation of Bio-Diesel from the Used Bleaching Clay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 1774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.1774.

Full text

Abstract:

with the shortage of the raw material oil for producing bio-diesel in China, the oil, recovered from the used bleaching clay which often be discarded by vegetable oil factory, was used to prepare bio-diesel in this trial. Two-step catalyzed process was adopted to produce biodiesel from the oil. The effect of methanol-to-oil molar ratio, alkaline catalyst quantity, reaction temperature and reaction time on the preesterification and transesterification reaction was investigated through orthogonal experiments. Thus the optimal reaction condition came out. Firstly, the optimal pre-esterification c

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Misra, R. S., Amit Pal, and Anand Prakash Mall. "Effect of Homogeneous Catalysts on Production of Biodiesel from Crude Neem Oil Feedstock and Cost Analysis of Biodiesel Production." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 3 (2015): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.331511.

Full text

Abstract:

A two-step transesterification process is developed to convert the high FFA oils to its mono-esters. Using 100 ml of oil, the optimum combination of parameters for pretreatment were found to be 0.45 v/v methanol-oil-ratio, 0.5% v/v H2SO4 acid catalyst, 50˚C and 45 min reaction time. After pretreatment of neem oil, transesterification reaction was carried out with 4.5:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 1% KOH as alkaline catalyst, 75 min reaction time and 50˚C reaction temperature to produce the fatty acid methyl ester. This two step process gave maximum average yield of 70±2%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Timyamprasert, Athitan, Vittaya Punsuvon, Kasem Chunkao, Juan L. Silva, and Tae Jo Kim. "Esterification of Waste Palm Oil in Wastewater Pond for Community Biodiesel Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 692 (November 2014): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.692.133.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this research was to develop a two-step technique to prepare biodiesel from waste palm oil (WPO) with high free fatty acid content. The developed process consists of esterification and transesterification steps. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for investigating the experimental design for esterification step. Design of experiment was performed by application of 5-levels-3-factors central composite design in order to study the optimum condition for decreasing FFA in WPO. The WPO with low FFA was further experimented in transesterification step to obtain fatty acid meth

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Nurhayati, Nurhayati, Sofia Anita, Tengku Ariful Amri, and Amilia Linggawati. "Esterification of Crude Palm Oil Using H₂SO₄ and Transesterification Using CaO Catalyst Derived from Anadara granosa." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.24909.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study biodiesel was produced from crude palm oil through two-step processes, namely esterification reactions using homogeneous H2SO4 catalyst and transesterification using the heterogeneous base CaO catalyst derived from Anadara granosa shell. Several parameters affecting to the yields of biodiesel were investigated including the amount of the catalysts, the molar ratios of oil to methanol, reaction times and reaction temperatures. The CaO catalyst was prepared by calcining the A. granosa shells at the temperatures of 800 and 900 °C for 10 h. The as-synthesized biodiesel was analyzed u

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chaudhary, Jyoti. "Producing Biodiesel from Neem Oil Using a Two-Step Transesterification Process." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 3929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45911.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: As a renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic fuel, biodiesel has attracted a lot of attention during the past century. It is a methyl ester of a fatty acid made from triglycerides by the methanol transesterification process. Due to the alarming rise in automobile ownership over the past year, there is now more focus on finding alternatives to diesel fuel as both demand and costs for petroleum goods have increased. The majority of biodiesel is currently made from refined or oil seeds using an alkaline catalyst and methanol. Large quantities of oil and fat, however, cannot be ingested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Altikriti, E. T., A. B. Fadhil, and M. M. Dheyab. "Two-step Base Catalyzed Transesterification of Chicken Fat: Optimization of Parameters." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 37, no. 17 (2015): 1861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2012.654442.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Hadiza, M., S. Bilal, S. T. Al-Humairi, O. A. Olanrewaju, and A. Aliyu. "Kinetics and characterization of Gmelina arborea biolubricant via two-step transesterification." Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment 10 (June 2025): 100240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scenv.2025.100240.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Bérešová, Miroslava, András Peller, and Michal Horňáček. "Biodiesel preparation from Camelina sativa oil by homogeneous and heterogeneous transesterification." E3S Web of Conferences 545 (2024): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454503001.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiesel is one of the possible alternatives to diesel fuel to address the issue of fossil fuels and their impact on the environment. Substituting homogeneous transesterification with heterogeneous offers advantages such as improved catalyst and product separation, catalyst regeneration, and avoidance of saponification during the reaction. To compare homogeneous and heterogeneous transesterification, the commonly used homogenous catalyst NaOH was tested. As a heterogeneous catalyst, a mixed oxide prepared from hydrotalcite with added nickel in its structure was used. By employing suitable con

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Zhang, Xiaolei, Song Yan, Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi, Patrick Drogui, and Rao Y. Surampalli. "Ultrasonication aided biodiesel production from one-step and two-step transesterification of sludge derived lipid." Energy 94 (January 2016): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.11.016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kaewruksa, Pinuma, and Vittaya Punsuvon. "Use of Waste Coconut Oil Obtained from Waste Water Pond of Coconut Milk Plant to Produce Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.737.

Full text

Abstract:

Waste coconut oil obtained from waste water pond contains high free fatty acid (FFA) which is not suitable to produce biodiesel via transesterification. The two steps of reaction (esterification and transesterification) were used to produce biodiesel from waste coconut oil. The result showed that FFA decreased from 92.95%wt to nearby 2%wt under the conditions of 80%vol of methanol to oil, 4%wt of hydrochloric acid and 4 h of reaction time in esterification step. In addition 95.34%wt conversion of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) could be achieved in 1 h when 20%vol methanol to oil and 0.5%wt of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Alcantara, A., F. J. Lopez-Gimenez, and M. P. Dorado. "Universal Kinetic Model to Simulate Two-Step Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112994.

Full text

Abstract:

To date, to simulate biodiesel production, kinetic models from different authors have been provided, each one usually applied to the use of a specific vegetable oil and experimental conditions. Models, which may include esterification, besides transesterification simulation, were validated with their own experimental conditions and raw material. Moreover, information about the intermediate reaction steps, besides catalyst concentration variation, is either rare or nonexistent. Here, in this work, a universal mathematical model comprising the chemical kinetics of a two-step (esterification and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Orhena, E., B. A. Ikyenge, T.T Weor, and B. Ishwah. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT FROM AFZELIA AFRICANA SEED OIL." International Journal of Novel Research in Physics Chemistry & Mathematics 9, no. 3 (2022): 30–38. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7226363.

Full text

Abstract:

<strong>Abstract:</strong> This research explores the possibility of synthesizing surfactant using vegetable oil from <em>Afzelia africana</em> seeds through a two-step transesterification and sulfonation processes. The oil was extracted by Soxhlet using n-hexane as the solvent. Characterization in terms of physicochemical parameters gave the following results: 24.72 % oil yield, a value that compares favourably with other fatty acids used for similar applications, specific gravity of 0.93, refractive index of 1.48, saponification value of 204.03 (mgKOH/g), an acid value of 5.6 (mgKOH/g), and

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ndukwe, Gloria Ihuoma, Gloria Ihuoma Ndukwe, and Anselem Tochukwu Ugboaja. "Biodiesel production from Vitex doniana (black plum) seed oil via a two-step catalyzed transesterification." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 34, no. 1 (2020): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.7.

Full text

Abstract:

Increasing global energy demands have led to increased search for alternative sources of fuel. Due to its similarities with petroleum-based diesel, biodiesel arose as a potential replacement for diesel. In this study, biodiesel was produced from the seed oil of Vitex doniana (black plum) using a two-step catalyzed transesterification method. The biodiesel produced was also characterized. Physico-chemical analyses carried out on the produced biodiesel gave strong indication that it can serve as an alternative feedstock, having recorded a comparable flash point of 110 °C to American Society of T

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Prošková, A., Z. Kopicová, J. Kučera, and L. Škarková. "Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of rendering plant fat – Short Communication." Research in Agricultural Engineering 56, No. 3 (2010): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/40/2009-rae.

Full text

Abstract:

Soluble lipase (Lipozyme CALB L) was immobilized by covalent bond to chitosan pellets prepared from Aspergillus niger mycelium. This immobilized enzyme was compared with commercial immobilized lipase of the same origin (Novozym 435). Novozym 435 is also lipase CALB L commercially immobilized by sorption on poly-(methyl acrylate). Novozym 435 shows much higher conversion of rendering plant fat in methanol under optimum conditions, having, at the same time, lower optimum temperature and lower stability at higher temperature. Lipozyme CALB L immobilized on chitosan leads to a low conversion, rega

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Ruiz-Domínguez, Mari Carmen, Constanza Toledo, Daniel Órdenes, et al. "Variability of Omega-3/6 Fatty Acid Obtained Through Extraction-Transesterification Processes from Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 3 (2021): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2020.6621.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of direct transesterification methods on the omega-3/6 composition of extracts from Phaeodactylum tricornutum was studied. The aim of this work was to identify an extraction method which allowed to obtain the most suitable profile of fatty acids in terms of its potential benefits to health, particularly if further used in the food industry. Seven methods using acids, alkalis, and heterogeneous-catalysts, (namely methods from 1 to 7, abbreviated as M1-M7) were performed to determine α-linolenic (ALA), linoleic (LA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids. The composit

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Choi, Nakyung, Jeom-Sig Lee, Jieun Kwak, Junsoo Lee, and In-Hwan Kim. "Production of Biodiesel from Acid Oil via a Two-Step Enzymatic Transesterification." Journal of Oleo Science 65, no. 11 (2016): 913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos.ess16092.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Ye, Jianchu, Song Tu, and Yong Sha. "Investigation to biodiesel production by the two-step homogeneous base-catalyzed transesterification." Bioresource Technology 101, no. 19 (2010): 7368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.148.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Mbah, C.G., and C. Esonye. "Synthesis of Soybean Soapstock Methyl Ester through a Two-Step Transesterification Process." Nigerian Research Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences 6, no. 2 (2021): 706–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5805308.

Full text

Abstract:

<em>Soybean  soapstock (SS) as a lipid-rich by-product produced during vegetable oil refining process, is one of the most promising candidates for biodiesel production because of its easy collection, availability and low cost. In this work, the feasibility of biodiesel production from SS which contains high water and fatty contents was investigated in a two-stage process (esterification followed by transesterification). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst, a methanol solvent and n-hexane co-solvent were used. Characterization using gas chromatography (GC) analysis and Fourier transform infra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Errico, M., and C. Pastore. "An economically viable two-step process for biodiesel production from waste cooking oils." Bulgarian Chemical Communications 51, Special Issue B (2019): 67–69. https://doi.org/10.34049/bcc.51.B.022.

Full text

Abstract:

A real sample of waste cooking oil having an acidity of 8 mgKOH/goil and a water content of 700 ppm was efficiently converted into biodiesel. The process consisted in a two-step reaction: a preliminary treatment with AlCl3·6H2O to convert free fatty acids into the respective methyl esters, followed by alkaline transesterification using KOH as a catalyst. In detail, pretreatment with AlCl3·6H2O (345 K, 4 h, weight ratio MeOH:oil:catalyst of 1:3:0.01) allowed to obtain an efficient conversion of starting free fatty acid into the relevant fatty acid methyl esters (yield > 95%). A

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Miyazaki, Hitomi, Masato Ezaki, Guoqing Guan, and Yoshimitsu Uemura. "CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL BY A TWO-STEP PROCESS WITH MICROTUBE REACTORS." International Journal of Biomass and Renewables 2, no. 1 (2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/ijbrvol2iss1art13848.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to produce biodiesel continuously from waste cooking oil (WCO), a two-step process with microtube reactors (MRs) was developed. Esterification of fatty acid using acid catalyst proceeded in the first MR and then, the acid methanol phase as well as produced water was continuously separated from the oil phase in a simple separation cell, and finally, the oil phase flowed into the second MR for the transesterification of the remained triglyceride using KOH catalyst. It is found that the acidic methanol phase can be separated from the oil phase using a simple separation cell located downs

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ahmed, Abu Saleh, Md Rezaur Rahman, Sinin Hamdan, Muhammad Khusairy Bin Bakri, and Khairul Anwar Mohamad Said. "Prospect of Biodiesel from Sludge Palm Oil in Malaysia." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 11, no. 1 (2024): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.6411.2024.

Full text

Abstract:

High feedstock costs make biodiesel production impractical and economically unfeasible, particularly as most feedstocks are unknown for performance. Waste oil, such as sludge palm oil (SPO), may be used to produce biodiesel. This study examined the efficiency and prospect of Sludge Palm Oil Biodiesel (SPOB) production from SPO through transesterification. One-step and two-step transesterification methods were performed for SPOB conversion. However, only a two-step method was effective in converting SPO into SPOB. SPO's high free fatty acid (FFA) content necessitated a two-step process to reduc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Udayakumar, V., and A. Pandurangan. "A novel route for the synthesis of alkanes from glycerol in a two step process using a Pd/SBA-15 catalyst." RSC Advances 5, no. 96 (2015): 78719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10744j.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Basir, Nor Irwin, Zainal Ahmad, Lee Keat Teong, Nisha Navainthran, Farzad Ismail, and Dipesh S. Patle. "Enhanced Mixing Towards the Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by In Situ Transesterification of Eucheuma Cottonii: Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 20, no. 1 (2024): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n1.2894.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiesel is one of the alternative replacements for the conventional fossil fuel-based diesel as the demand for energy is increasing with the increasing world population. The production of biodiesel (also known as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)) from macroalgae (E. cottonii) is the focus in this study. Conventionally, production of FAME from macroalgae will be carried out through the two-step transesterification processes, which consists of extraction of algal oil (lipids and free fatty acids) and subsequent transesterification step. However, the two-step transesterification method is time a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Urrutia, C., N. Sangaletti-Gerhard, M. Cea, A. Suazo, A. Aliberti, and R. Navia. "Two step esterification–transesterification process of wet greasy sewage sludge for biodiesel production." Bioresource Technology 200 (January 2016): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.039.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Awolu, Olugbenga Olufemi, and Stephen Kolawole Layokun. "Optimization of two-step transesterification production of biodiesel from neem (Azadirachta indica) oil." International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering 4, no. 1 (2013): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2251-6832-4-39.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Bakar, Suliana Abu, Suzana Yusup, Murni Melati Ahmad, et al. "Comparative Study on Two-Step Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Production from High FFA Crude Palm Oil Using Microwave Technique and Conventional Technique." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.87.

Full text

Abstract:

The production of biodiesel from crude palm oil (CPO) using microwave technique is investigated and has been compared with conventional heating. Two-step biodiesel production process is applied to maximize the highest biodiesel yield in short reaction time using microwave method. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as acid catalysts is used in pre-treatment of feedstock by esterification process followed by potassium hydroxide (KOH) as base catalyst for transesterification process with low methanol to oil ratio. The main purpose of the pre-treatment process is to reduce the free fatty acids (FFA) content of

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Naviglio, Daniele, Marina Dellagreca, Francesco Ruffo, Anna Andolfi, and Monica Gallo. "Rapid Analysis Procedures for Triglycerides and Fatty Acids as Pentyl and Phenethyl Esters for the Detection of Butter Adulteration Using Chromatographic Techniques." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9698107.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents the development of three methods for quality control, fraud detection, and authentication of butter fat and other oils/fats using chromatographic techniques, with one method for triglycerides and two methods for fatty acids (FAs). The procedure for the analysis of triglycerides requires only dissolution of the sample inn-hexane and gas chromatography (GC) analysis using a capillary column. The second method is based on the transesterification of triglycerides as pentyl esters in a single-step reaction using sodium pentanoate in pentanol. The reaction proceeds at room temper

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Simpen, I. Nengah, I. Made Sutha Negara, and Sofyan Dwi Jayanto. "OPTIMIZING REACTION CONDITIONS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING GREEN SOLID CATALYST." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 7, no. 8 (2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i8.2020.764.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in two steps reaction of esterification and transesterification is low efficient, due to twice methanol consumption and need more reaction time. Optimizing reaction conditions of CaO as a matrix of solid catalyst prepared from crab shell (green CaO) and modified by K2O/TiO2 for converting waste cooking oil to biodiesel have been carried out. Catalytic process of waste cooking oil to biodiesel took place in one step reaction of esterification and transesterification. The research result showed that optimum conditions in its one step reaction such as m

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Jain, Siddharth, Nitin Kumar, Varun Pratap Singh, et al. "Transesterification of Algae Oil and Little Amount of Waste Cooking Oil Blend at Low Temperature in the Presence of NaOH." Energies 16, no. 3 (2023): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031293.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study describes the single-step transesterification method of biodiesel production from high free fatty acid (FFA) waste cooking oil blended with algae oil using a homogeneous base catalyst. Due to high FFA contents, two step transesterification is needed to convert oil into biodiesel and therefore the high FFA content of waste cooking oil is decreased by blending it with low FFA content algae oil, which would further lead only to single step transesterification of low FFA oil. The design and optimization studies were conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The box-Behn

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Ligeris, Nikolas, and Kalala Jalama. "Energy Requirement Estimates for Two Step Ethanolysis of Waste Vegetable Oils for Biodiesel Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 492 (January 2014): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.492.356.

Full text

Abstract:

ChemCad 6.4 simulation package was used to model a two-step biodiesel production process from waste vegetable oils (WVO) and ethanol using homogeneous acid and alkali catalysts respectively. The developed process flowsheet consisted of pre-esterification and transesterification of WVO, ethanol and glycerol recovery, and biodiesel refining. The energy required for each processing unit as well as the energy required for the whole process have been estimated. Ethanol recovery accounted for the highest portion of the energy required for the entire process estimated as 2.75 MJ per kg of biodiesel p

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Silitonga, Arridina, Teuku Mahlia, Abd Shamsuddin, et al. "Optimization of Cerbera manghas Biodiesel Production Using Artificial Neural Networks Integrated with Ant Colony Optimization." Energies 12, no. 20 (2019): 3811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203811.

Full text

Abstract:

Optimizing the process parameters of biodiesel production is the key to maximizing biodiesel yields. In this study, artificial neural network models integrated with ant colony optimization were developed to optimize the parameters of the two-step Cerbera manghas biodiesel production process: (1) esterification and (2) transesterification. The parameters of esterification and transesterification processes were optimized to minimize the acid value and maximize the C. manghas biodiesel yield, respectively. There was excellent agreement between the average experimental values and those predicted b

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Troøyen, Susanne Hansen, Lucas Bocquin, Anna Lifen Tennfjord, Kristoffer Klungseth та Elisabeth Egholm Jacobsen. "Green Chemo-Enzymatic Protocols for the Synthesis of Enantiopure β-Blockers (S)-Esmolol and (S)-Penbutolol". Catalysts 12, № 9 (2022): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12090980.

Full text

Abstract:

The β-blocker (S)-esmolol, has been synthesized in 97% enantiomeric excess and 26% total yield in a four-step synthesis, with a transesterification step of the racemic chlorohydrin methyl 3-(4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl)propanoate, catalysed by lipase B from Candida antarctica from Syncozymes, Shanghai, China. The β-blocker (S)-penbutolol, has been synthesized in 99% enantiomeric excess and in 22% total yield. The transesterification step of the racemic chlorohydrin 1-chloro-3-(2-cyclopentylphenoxy)propan-2-ol was catalyzed by the same lipase as used for the esmolol building block. We h

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Pramana, Yanatra budi. "BIODIESEL FROM NYAMPLUNG (CALOPHYLLUM INOPHYLLUM) SEED OIL WITH A TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS USING A CONTINOUS FLOW SYSTEM IN THE REACTOR." Tibuana 2, no. 02 (2019): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/tibuana.2.02.1931.36-39.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiesel production from calophyllum inophyllum be obtained via esterification and transesterification, using two continuous reactors with catalyst NaOH at a concentration (0.4 ;0.6,0.8; 1) wt%, calophyllum inophyllum seed oil and reaction temperature (40, 50,60)oC. This research was to determine the effect of catalyst amount and reaction temperature on transesterification of calophyllum inophyllum seed toward yield Fatty Acid Methyl Ester . The last step is analysis yield of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester with Gas Chromatography (GC). The highest yield is obtained on the amount of 1% NaOH catalyst

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Rosmawaty, Rosmawaty, Adriani Bandjar, and Suntoro Gunoroso. "Optimation Transesterification Reaction Conditions on Biodiesel Production From Beef Tallow." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research 2, no. 2 (2015): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ijcr.2015.2-ros.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiesel synthesis has been done from beef tallow through two step, esterification and transesterification reactions. Esterification process is done by using H2SO4 1M as a catalyst, methanol 1:9, temperature of 60-65Â°C, and for 3 hours. After separated between methanol and trigyceride, then proceed to the process of transesterification. To obtain the optimum reaction conditions then used some transesterification process variables, there are: the weight percentage catalyst of KOH between 0.1, 0.5, 1; 1.5, and 2%, the reaction time of 1-5 hours and the reaction temperature between 50 -70 oC. O

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Reddy, A. N. R., A. A. Saleh, M. S. Islam, and S. Hamdan. "Active Razor Shell CaO Catalyst Synthesis for Jatropha Methyl Ester Production via Optimized Two-Step Transesterification." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1489218.

Full text

Abstract:

Calcium based catalysts have been studied as promising heterogeneous catalysts for production of methyl esters via transesterification; however a few were explored on catalyst synthesis with high surface area, less particle size, and Ca leaching analysis. In this work, an active Razor shell CaO with crystalline size of 87.2 nm, SBET of 92.63 m2/g, pore diameters of 37.311 nm, and pore volume of 0.613 cc/g was synthesized by a green technique “calcination-hydro aeration-dehydration.” Spectrographic techniques TGA/DTA, FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET&BJH, and PSA were employed for characterization and s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Supraja, Kolli Venkata, Bunushree Behera, and Balasubramanian Paramasivan. "Optimization of process variables on two-step microwave-assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 22 (2019): 27244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05384-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Deng, Xin, Zhen Fang, and Yun-hu Liu. "Ultrasonic transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil to biodiesel by a two-step process." Energy Conversion and Management 51, no. 12 (2010): 2802–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.06.017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Uddin, M. Rakib, Kaniz Ferdous, Sukanta Kumar Mondal, Maksudur R. Khan, and MA Islam. "Preparation of Biodiesel From Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) Oil." Journal of Chemical Engineering 29, no. 1 (2017): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v29i1.33815.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiesel is a biodegradable, sustainable and clean energy has worldwide attracted renewed and growing interest in topical years, chiefly due to development in biodiesel fuel and ecological pressures which include climatic changes. In this paper, karanja (pongamia pinnata) seed has been studied as a potential source for biodiesel preparation. Karanja oil is extracted from the seed by different methods. Oil properties have been measured by standard methods. Acid catalyzed transesterification, acid catalyzed two-step method and three-step method have been studied for biodiesel preparation from k

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Alsultan, Abdulkreem, Asikin Mijan, and Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap. "Preparation of Activated Carbon from Walnut Shell Doped La and Ca Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.348.

Full text

Abstract:

Solid acid (heterogeneous) catalysts have a unique advantage in esterification and transesterification reactions which enhances the use of high acid value oil to be used as feedstock for synthesis of biodiesel. Activated carbon was prepared from walnut shell and activated in two step, first step is (thermal) physical activation calcination at 400 °C. Second step is chemical activation, the Ac were treated phosphoric acid in constant flow of nitrogen. The results obtained that the treated carbon show the amazing physicochemical properties (high surface area, high porosity and high acidity)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Shi, Hongyan, Dingding Wang, Decheng Yuan, and Tianran Wang. "Two-Layer Predictive Control of a Continuous Biodiesel Transesterification Reactor." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/587841.

Full text

Abstract:

A novel two-layer predictive control scheme for a continuous biodiesel transesterification reactor is presented. Based on a validated mechanistic model, the least squares (LS) algorithm is used to identify the finite step response (FSR) process model adapted in the controller. The two-layer predictive control method achieves the steady-state optimal setpoints and resolves the multivariable dynamic control problems synchronously. Simulation results show that the two-layer predictive control strategy leads to a significant improvement of control performance in terms of the optimal set-points tra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Răducanu, Cristian Eugen, Tănase Dobre, Dan Eduard Mihăiescu, et al. "Synthesis of Guanidine and Its Deposition on Bacterial Cellulose as Green Heterogeneous Catalyst for Transesterification to Methyl Esters." Energies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061344.

Full text

Abstract:

Green catalysts used in the transesterification reaction of biodiesel must have biodegradability and non-toxicity as their main characteristics, being thus friendly to the environment, since they perform in processes in which the content of CO2, which is increasing from year to year, should be reduced. As a consequence, their manufacture can be extremely rigorous. This work presents the two-step construction, synthesis, and deposition of such a green heterogeneous catalyst and its testing in the catalysis of the transesterification of triglycerides with methanol, resulting in methyl esters. A

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Hadiah, Fitri, Nur Kemala Debi Lestari, Mughni Ayahanda Putri, Budi Santoso, and Rahmawati Rahmawati. "Biodiesel production with DES (deep eutectic solvent) catalyst using used cooking oil feedstock through two-stage transesterification process." Jurnal Teknik Kimia 30, no. 1 (2024): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jtk.v30i1.2308.

Full text

Abstract:

Most of biodiesel in Indonesia is still produced by costly processed utilizing pricey catalysts and high grade fatty acid methyl esther (FAME). Low cost catalysts need to be invented in order to make biodiesel more affordable, while raw material also need to be obtained from low cost alternatives. such as broadly available waste cooking oil.This research used waste cooking oil as raw material in biodiesel transesterification process, utilizing DES (Deep Eutectic Solvent) K2CO3-gliserol, as alternative catalyst. The output was biodiesel with near SNI 7182:2015 criteria. Optimum biodiesel produc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Somnuk, Krit, and Gumpon Prateepchaikul. "Feasibility of Using High-Intensity Ultrasound Assisted Biodiesel Production from Mixed Crude Palm Oil in Two-Step Process." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1687.

Full text

Abstract:

Biodiesel from a high free fatty acid (FFA) mixed crude palm oil (MCPO) can be produced to high fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion by a two-step process. The first process is an acid-catalyzed esterification to reduce FFA in oil followed by a base-catalyzed transesterification process to produce biodiesel from esterified oil. In this study, the transesterification of esterified oil with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide (KOH) was performed in a 1,000 W ultrasonic homogenizer at a low frequency of 18 kHz. The use of high-intensity ultrasound to accelerate the reaction, the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Thoai, Dang Nguyen, Chakrit Tongurai, Kulchanat Prasertsit, and Anil Kumar. "A novel two-step transesterification process catalyzed by homogeneous base catalyst in the first step and heterogeneous acid catalyst in the second step." Fuel Processing Technology 168 (December 2017): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.08.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Carvalho, Ana Karine F., Leyvison Rafael V. da Conceição, João Paulo V. Silva, Victor H. Perez, and Heizir F. de Castro. "Biodiesel production from Mucor circinelloides using ethanol and heteropolyacid in one and two-step transesterification." Fuel 202 (August 2017): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.04.063.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Wang, Hong, Yan Lin Sun, and Li Zhang. "Preparation of Biodiesel from Crude Rubber Seed Oil by Alkaline Transesterification." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.133.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: This paper is focused on the preparation of biodiesel from crude rubber seed oil with high free fatty acids (FFA) content. The rubber seeds were collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province. Two-step synthesis was selected to obtain the product, that is, acid catalyzed esterification was carried out first to decrease the FFA content, then methyl esters of fatty acids can be formed by alkaline transesterification. The reaction conditions of alkaline transesterification were investigated. The results show that the optimum technique is to carry out the reaction at 60°C for 1.5h, with the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!