Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tzu pu'

碩士<br>國立臺北大學<br>都市計劃研究所<br>89<br>After earthquakes caused serious damages and disasters in Taiwan on 21st, September 1999, processing of reconstruction and land consolidation in villages of disaster areas, which operate under governmental sections, still unable completed works in disaster areas two years later due to problems and difficulties. This research intends the implementation proceed to investigate and analyze conflict subjects through governmental sections on processes of land consolidation in disaster areas to provide effective solutions and reduce oppositions from residents of village communities. Chu-Tzu-San Village community of Pu- Li Town in Nan-Tou County, which is one of the most damage areas after earthquake, will be an example in this research. The goal of this research is to use conflict management theories and to take land consolidation as a tool in order to have a reconstruct chance for the disaster areas. Moreover, it utilizes stratagems of negotiation mechanism to set a model of a negotiation mechanism for conflicts of land consolidation in village communities. Continually, this paper will argue both conflict management and negotiation mechanism, which include exists different types of management stratagems, that they should adopt different types of conflict management strategies but they should not be uniforms. Due to governmental sections neglects and ignores conflict on subjects of land consolidation, instead, government want power on hands with predominant orders to determine strategies of land consolidation in disaster areas. It causes serious conflicts deeply and oppositions from residents of village communities, whom not be willing to participate in programs of land consolidation. As results, it damages processing of reconstructions in disaster areas, therefore, the negotiations between governmental sections and residents are the best way to make “win to wins” on land consolidation in disaster areas of Taiwan. After learning experiences of reconstructions in disaster areas, the study finds and proofs planning teams pf scholarships and advising companies of constructions are successful programming in disaster areas because both of them content and communicate methods to gain affirmative responds from local residents in disaster areas. Additionally, this study exams and analyzes Chu-Tzu-San village community in Pu-Li Town and related cases after, this study finds the conflicts of land consolidation that it can be identified and concluded in few categories, such as; 1)The urgent of time factor conflicts 2)Factional power structures of political conflicts 3)Conflicts of substance benefits; which are involved the relations of property rights much in processing of land reassignments. 4)Communication moderate problem. 5)The programming gaps between Council of Agricultural and advising companies of engineering constructions. Consequently, this paper suggests those governmental sections entrust planning teams of scholarships and advising companies of constructions to proceed and respond the conflict negotiation on issues of land consolidation. Furthermore, the goal of negotiation should be targeting on effective communications between public and private sectors, at the same time, it should mollify the feeling of people in disaster areas to ensure the process of land consolidation accomplish soon. Key word: earthquakes on 21st September 1999, reconstruct mechanism in the disaster areas, conflict management, and negotiation, land consolidation of village community

碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>應用統計學研究所<br>95<br>The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between social support, economical status, political impression, life satisfaction and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people older than 40 years. The conclusions of this study are: (1)The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chu-Dung Township and Pu-Tzu City was 35.4%.And the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in different areas, sex and age groups were significantly different. (2)Among the 1109 people with metabolic syndrome, the ratio of patients who had more than five anomalistic indicators of metabolic syndrome was about 25%.And the anomalistic level of waist circumference and systolic pressure were especially aggravated. (3)The factor of political impression had no direct or indirect effects on elevated blood pressure. (4) The factor of social support had significant but negative effects (direct) on the elevated blood pressure. (5)Economical status had significant but negative effects (direct) on the elevated blood pressure, and significant and positive effects (direct) on obesity and dyslipidemia.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>食品科技研究所<br>86<br>Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a key role in early pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have indicated thatP u-Erh-tou tea (PET) contains strong antioxidants that scavenge DPPH freeredica l and inhibit Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation. In this study, the methanolicextract s of PET (PET-M1) were further fractionated bu silica gel columnchromatography to obtain four active fractions, PET-M1-C18 to PET-M1-C21. MaleapoE-deficient mice, characterized by hypercholesterolemia, lipoproteinoxidation, and sponta neous atherosclerosis, were chosen as the pathologicalanomal model to elucidat e the effects of these fractions on LDL oxidationand atherosclerosis. The pote ntial of PET drinking to reduce oxidative susceptibility of LDL in male health y young adults was also elucidated. Results showed that the four fractions, P ET-M1-C18 to PET-M1-C21, exhibited strong DPPH radical scavenging activities i n a dose-response manner. The IC50values were 4.1, 2.8, 4.1 and 4.9 mg/mL, res pectively. The antioxidant activities to inhibit Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation we re higher than probucol. TheIC50 values were 2.4, 2.4, 3.0 and 2.7 mg/mL, resp ectively. These observationsindicated that natural products of lower molecular polarity than those fourcommon tea catechins in PET exhibited strong antioxid ant activities. In animalstudy, four groups of apoE-deficient mice were fed wi th one of the followingdiets: a control diet (normal diet plus 0.15% cholester ol, w/w) (control, n=7), a 0.5% DPPD diet (control diet plus 0.5% DPPD, w/w) ( DPPD, n=8), a 0.5% PET diet (control diet plus 0.5% pooled PET-M1-C18 to PET-M 1-C21 fractions, w/w)(PET-1, n=8) and a 1.0% PET diet (control diet plus 1.0% pooled PET-M1-C18 toPET-M1-C21 fractions) (PET-2, n=8). After 8 week feeding, there was no significant difference in serum cholesterol, VLDL-C or LDL-C leve ls among fourgroups. The lag phase (Tlag, min) in Cu2+-induced oxidation of LD L were alsonot significantly different. The content of a-tocopherol in LDL fro m PET-2 (13.4+2.2 molecules/LDL) was significantly lower than that from contro l (20.8+6.0 molecules/LDL) (P<0.05). Atherosclerotic lesion, measured from aor tic arch,in PET-2 group was more severe than those in other three groups (P<0. 05). Theratios of lesion area to media area were not significantly different a mong fourgroups. These results indicated that the fractions in PET-M1, which e xhibitedstrong antioxidant activities in vitro, neither reduced the oxidative susceptibility of LDL ex vivo nor inhibited the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. In human study, the lag phase (Tlag, min) in Cu2+-indu ced LDL oxidation was significantly prolonged by 18.6% (from 113.6+31.1 minto 134.7+30.3 min, n=16) after a 7-day PET drinking (2%) (P<0.05). The contentof a-tocopherol in LDL was increased from 8.7+1.6 molecules/LDL to 10.1+2.1 molec ules/LDL (P<0.001). In conclusion, the antioxidants-enriched fractions in PET , which contained less polar antioxidants than catechins, did not reduce the o xidative susceptibility of LDL ex vivo or reduce atherosclerosis in apoE-defic ient mice.In human study, PET drinking reduced the oxidative susceptibility of LDL whichis likely due to an increase of a-tocopherol in LDL.

碩士<br>台南應用科技大學<br>生活服務產業系生活應用科學碩士班<br>105<br>The purpose of this study is to explore the children''s learning process in the " Pu Jiang Tou " Themeatic Curriculum which was designed and implemented by the researcher. The researcher emphasized the children''s understanding of culture, attitude towards learning, learning results, and children''s changes after their learning process. The study is using the case study method. The researcher selected the subjects from the children whom she taught in preschool. The" Pu Jiang Tou " Themeatic Curriculum was implemented. Data was collected from the teaching activities’ observations, discussions and interviews with teachers, teacher''s daily teaching notes, journals, counseling records, group discussions, observations, and various documents such as pupils’ works.Conclusions are summarized as follows: In this study, the" Pu Jiang Tou "Themeatic Curriculum is divided into three parts:the story of the Pu Jiang Tous, the Pu Jiang Tou primary school and the cultural tour of the Pu Jiang Tou. The children''s performance in the" Pu Jiang Tou"Themeatic Curriculum include: 1.Children show the ability of active learning and participation in the curriculum. 2.Children''s awareness of the surroundings in their homeland was improved. 3.Children''s abilities of communication and expression were improved. 4.The spirits of caring for each other and cooperation with others were increased. 5.Children loved and had a greater under standing their homeland and their indigenous culture. 6.Children also experienced multi-culture essence after they learned the curriculum.

碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>食品科技研究所<br>85<br>Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants, which can effectively inhibit LDL oxidation, may reduce early atherogenesis and slow down the progression to advanced stage. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL), which is no longer recognized by LDL receptor, is formed in the intimal area and taken up by the scavenger receptors of monocyte-derived macrophages, a process resulting in the formation of foam cells. Previous studies have reported that tea has a beneficial effect in lowering plasma cholesterol and preventing coronary heart disease. As potent antioxidants, catechins are suspected to exhibit the preventive effect in tea. This thesis intends to elucidate the potential of Pu-Erh-Tou tea, a fermented tea, to prevent LDL from oxidative modification in vitro and ex vivo. DPPH radical scavenging and inhibition of Cu2+-induced human LDL oxidation were chosen as the two in vitro assay systems. Male Sprague Dawley rats fed with a 1.0% cholesterol diet were used as the animal model. Results showed that the aqueous extracts of Pu-Erh-Tou (PET), green, pao-chung, oolong teas (IC50 values were 8.3, 7.5, 8.0 and 8.2 mg/mL, respectively) scavenged DPPH free radical better than that of black tea (14.3 mg/mL). The antioxidant potentials (IC50 values) to inhibit Cu2+- induced LDL oxidation were PET (1.4 mg/mL), green tea (1.8 mg/ mL), pao-chung tea (2.1 mg/mL), oolong tea (2.5 mg/mL), and black tea (3.3 mg/mL). Evidently, PET contained strong antioxidants that were capable of inhibiting human LDL oxidation in vitro. Male Sprague Dawley rats (body weight 216+20 g) were randomly assigned into four groups. Animals in each group were fed with one of the following experimental diets for 28 days: a high cholesterol diet (normal diet containing 1.0% cholesterol and 5.0% lard, w/w) (control group, n=7), a 1.0% probucol diet (HC plus 1.0% probucol) (PB group, n=7), a 1.0%-PET diet (HC diet plus 1.0% PET) (n=9), and a 2.0%-PET (HC diet plus 2.0% PET) (n=8). There was no significant difference in body weight at the end of this feeding experiment. The lag phases (Tlag, hr) in Cu2+-induced oxidation of LDL from these groups were control (2.5+0.8), 1.0% PET (10.6+3.7), 2.0% PET (14.4+4.0), and PB (35.8+8.3), respectively. Treatment with 1.0% PET, 2.0% PET, and 1.0% probucol led to 4.2 , 5.8, and 14.3 fold increases in lag phase. The content of a-tocopherol in LDL from 2.0% PET group (7.6+2.2 molecules/LDL) was significantly higher than those from control (5.0+0.9 molecules/LDL), 1.0% PET group (5.5+1.5 molecules/LDL), and 1.0% probucol group (5.3+1.3 molecules/LDL) (p<0.05). The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in LDL from 2.0% PET group (1012+153 molecules/LDL) was significantly low than those from control (1321+349 molecules/LDL) (p<0.05) and 1.0% probucol (1498+189 molecules/LDL) (p<0.001) groups. Results from this animal study firmly demonstrated that feeding with aqueous extract of Pu-Erh-Tou tea reduced oxidative susceptibility of LDL from experimental animals. This study concludes that Pu-Erh-Tou tea contains strong antioxidants that can scavenge DPPH radical and inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro and in vivo. It suggests that uptake of Pu-Erh-Tou tea may have preventive effect in atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>化學工程學系<br>107<br>In this study, half-blocked polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl acetate-polyhydroxylethyl methacrylate (PVAc-PHEMA) were prepared by solution polymerization. The NCO is grafted with the OH group of HEMA to form polyvinyl acetate-poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-graft-polyurethane (PVAc-PHEMA-g-PU) as a compatibilizer. The compatibilizer is blended with ethylene vinyl acetate/thermoplastic polyurethane ((EVA/TPU), (weight ratio 7:3)) in different amounts by melting and solution methods. The compatibility was investigated by the dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) . The DMA observed that the individual Tgs were close to each other, showing a gradual improvement in compatibility. The SEM study mainly revealed the two-phase morphology, in which the TPU phase was dispersed in the EVA continuous phase, and it was observed that the blended with the compatibilizer could make the dispersion more efficiently. The largest amount of elongation was observed when added with 5 phr of compatibilizer. And with increasing amount of compatibilizer added, the elongation of the blend reduces. The thermal stability was analyzed by TGA, and with the higher amount of compatibilizer added, the lower the thermal stability of the blend was observed.

碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>森林學系<br>85<br>In remote sensing, each of the radar and the optical sensor has its own advantages over the other. Clearly the synergism of radar data and visible and reflected infrared for land resource applications is becoming of greater practical importance. The objective of this study was to investigate how ERS-1 SAR could effectively discriminate land cover types in Pu-Li mountain area and Nan- Tou flat land area and eventually to determine if the synergism of ERS-1 SAR and TM data could be achieved to improve significantly the classification accuracies of land cover types in these two areas. Statistical analysis and preliminary interpretation of the radar backscatter from different land cover types was conducted to establish a look-up table for surface features and their signatures on the SAR image. Multispectral classifications using the maximum likelihood classifier and accuracy assessment were performed both on the composite images and on the TM images. The results showed that the classification accuracies of the composite images over Pu-Li and Nan-Tou areas were decreased slightly with the addition of SAR C band. In the mountain area, radar backscatter was dominated by topographic slope due to ERS-1 SAR(s high depression angle (small local incidence angle). The within-category variance of each land cover type became greater than among-category variance due to the topographic effects introduced by the high depression angle. This made ERS-1 SAR C band difficult to discriminate land cover types in Pu-Li area. In the flat land area, ERS-1 SAR could not discriminate land cover types effectively, since it operates on a single frequency and on a single polarization mode and this frequency is not optimal for land cover classification. Therefore, ERS-1 SAR has poor discrimination ability for land cover types in these two areas. Nevertheless, there may have a high possibility to improve land cover mapping with the synergistic use of SAR and visible/infrared data if multi-frequency, multi-polarization SAR data with an appropriate depression angle that can minimize topographic effects are used. The follow-up studies will be to investigate how to determine an optimal SAR band combination.