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Journal articles on the topic 'Unilateral Withdrawal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Chalyi, Yu I. "Notification of the counterparty of unilateral withdrawal from the agreement." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 103, no. 4 (2023): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2023.4.08.

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The study focuses on the issue of notification of the initiator of unilateral withdrawal from a contract to its counterparty of such withdrawal. In particular, the problematic issues of determining the form and procedure for such notification and establishing the time when an agreement unilaterally withdrawn by one of its parties will be considered amended or terminated are considered. Current civil law does not provide clear answers to these questions. The necessity of differentiating the legislative rules which will determine the procedure for informing the interested party of the unilateral

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2

Bayar, Tuğba, and Murat Bayar. "Unilateral Withdrawals from Multilateral International Treaties, 1945–2024." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 31, no. 2 (2025): 163–85. https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-03102004.

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Abstract Unilateral withdrawals from multilateral international treaties (MIT s) constitute a substantial state behavior that offers insights into interstate cooperation and dynamics of treaty regimes. While much attention has been given to state withdrawals from intergovernmental organizations (IO s), relatively recent high-profile exits, such as the US withdrawal from the Iran Nuclear Deal and Turkey’s withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention, bring unilateral state withdrawals from MIT s to the forefront of scholarly and political debates. This paper contributes to the literature by presenti

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Dalton, Taylor R. "Exit Through the White House: Congressional Constraints on Unilateral Presidential Withdrawal from Treaties." Texas A&M Law Review 12, no. 1 (2024): 207–61. https://doi.org/10.37419/lr.v12.i1.6.

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When does the U.S. President have the constitutional authority to withdraw from a treaty unilaterally? Where the U.S. Constitution details the making but not the exiting of treaties, the U.S. Supreme Court has largely left the issue open for the political branches to resolve. Many scholars argue that modern practice supports a conclusion that the President has the practical—if not legal—power to withdraw unilaterally from an Article II treaty or congressional-executive agreement without the consent of Congress. This argument is largely premised on the claim that Congress has acquiesced to exec

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4

Shtefan, Anna. "Unilateral withdrawal from a license agreement." Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, no. 6 (February 27, 2023): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/62022.274616.

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Keywords: license agreement, unilateral withdrawal from an agreement, copyright,intellectual property The right to the unilateral withdrawal of a license agreement is formulated in Part 2 of Article 1110 ofthe Civil Code of Ukraine in a generalized form, leaving outside the legal regulation anumber of important issues that are significant for the effective application of this provision.In particular, what should be the duration of the delay in the term of beginning theuse of the object of intellectual property rights, whether the licensor should provide thelicensee with an additional ter

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5

Crampin, Joseph. "Treaty withdrawal and recalcitrant States." Cambridge International Law Journal 9, no. 2 (2020): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/cilj.2020.02.06.

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The recent prevalence of high-profile unilateral treaty withdrawals raises broader questions over trust in treaty-making. Given the foundational importance of trust in treaties to international law, these withdrawals present risks to the international legal order generally. The issue for international law is how it can regulate treaty withdrawal in a way that preserves trust in the international legal system. The problem of trust is twofold. If international law adopts too permissive a stance towards unilateral withdrawal, then this will undermine trust in the binding force of treaties: pacta

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Olsen, Tore Vincents, and Christian F. Rostbøll. "Why withdrawal from the European Union is undemocratic." International Theory 9, no. 3 (2017): 436–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971917000094.

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The Lisbon Treaty from 2009 introduced the possibility for individual member states to withdraw from the European Union (EU) on the basis of a unilateral decision. In June 2016 the United Kingdom decided to leave the EU invoking article 50 of the treaty. But is withdrawal democratically legitimate? In fact, the all-affected principle suggests that it is undemocratic for subunits to leave larger political units when it adversely affects other citizens without including them in the decision. However, it is unclear what the currency of this affectedness is and, hence, why withdrawal would be unde

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7

Perlmutter, Amos. "Unilateral Withdrawal: Israel's Security Option." Foreign Affairs 64, no. 1 (1985): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20042471.

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8

Weiler, Joseph H. H. "Alternatives to Withdrawal from an International Organization: The Case of The European Economic Community." Israel Law Review 20, no. 2-3 (1985): 282–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700017659.

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The practice of omitting withdrawal clauses from the constituent treaties of many international organizations was highlighted by Nathan Feinberg in his article on “Unilateral Withdrawal from an International Organization”, acknowledged as “…the most thorough study of the subject”. In a detailed study of both State Practice and La Doctrine, Feinberg drew the conclusion that there exists no presumption in favour of the right of unilateral withdrawal, and that withdrawal is therefore permitted only if it is expressly provided for or can be inferred by implication.

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9

Jabali, Saqer. "The Ruling Israeli Elite and the Unilateral Withdrawal Plan from Gaza." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 12, no. 5-6 (2013): 570–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341275.

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Abstract This study analyzes, using the elite approach, the relationship between the Israeli ministerial elite and their adoption of a unilateral withdrawal plan from the Palestinian territories because the socio-economic constituents of this elite are so strong and influential that it affects the political conduct of its members. The study shows, through an analysis of the relationship between party affiliation and members’ adoption of the withdrawal plan, that all members of the Shinui Party and 85.7% of Kadima members supported the plan and that all the ministers from the National Religious

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10

McLachlan, Campbell. "THE ASSAULT ON INTERNATIONAL ADJUDICATION AND THE LIMITS OF WITHDRAWAL." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, no. 3 (2019): 499–537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589319000162.

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AbstractWithdrawal from international adjudication is a contemporary phenomenon with wide implications. The act of treaty withdrawal is not to be seen as merely the unilateral executive exercise of the individual sovereign prerogative of a State. International law places checks upon the exercise of withdrawal, recognising that it is an act that of its nature affects the interests of other States parties, which have a collective interest in constraining withdrawal. National courts have a complementary function in restraining unilateral withdrawal in order to support the domestic constitution. T

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11

Mastan Narimanzade, Gulu. "BROAD LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE ARTICLE 50 OF THE TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION." SCIENTIFIC WORK 53, no. 04 (2020): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/53/125-130.

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12

Cohen, Stephen P., Shibley Telhami, Yoram Peri, and David E. Long. "Symposium: Is Unilateral Withdrawal the Answer for Israel?" Middle East Policy 9, no. 2 (2002): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4967.00050.

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13

Han, Sang Jun. "Review Unilateral Withdrawal of Chinese People’s Volunteer Army." JOURNAL OF ASIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 142 (March 31, 2018): 287–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.17856/jahs.2018.03.142.287.

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14

Shelef, Nadav. "Testing the Logic of Unilateral Withdrawal: Lessons from the History of the Labor Zionist Movement." Middle East Journal 61, no. 3 (2007): 460–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/61.3.14.

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The combination of pessimism regarding the possibility of a negotiated settlement and a recognition that maintaining the status quo in the Occupied Territories is impossible has led leading Israeli policymakers to advocate a policy of unilateral withdrawal. This policy is at least partially based on the assumption that nationalist movements inevitably adapt to externally imposed realities. However, as this article demonstrates, even the famously pragmatic Labor Zionist movement did not shift its vision of the appropriate borders of their state in response to externally imposed territorial limi

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15

Won, Ran, and Bae Hwan Lee. "Contralateral Metabolic Activation Related to Plastic Changes in the Spinal Cord after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats." Neural Plasticity 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/438319.

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We have previously reported the crossed-withdrawal reflex in which the rats with nerve injury developed behavioral pain responses of the injured paw to stimuli applied to the contralateral uninjured paw. This reflex indicates that contralateral plastic changes may occur in the spinal cord after unilateral nerve injury. The present study was performed to elucidate the mechanisms and morphological correlates underlying the crossed-withdrawal reflex by using quantitative14C-2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography which can examine metabolic activities and spatial patterns simultaneously. Under pent

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16

Shymko, A. "Unilateral termination of a land lease agreement: problems of law enforcement." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 86 (2025): 277–85. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.86.2.43.

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The article comprehensively examines the mechanism of unilateral termination of a land lease agreement in Ukraine. The author substantiates the need to ensure a full-fledged possibility of unilateral termination of a land lease agreement. It is proved that the mechanism of unilateral termination of a land lease agreement ensures the realization of not only the private interests of the parties to the agreement, but also the public interests of the State. Attention is drawn to the need to improve the legislative framework for unilateral termination of a land lease agreement with a view to ensuri

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Frush, Benjamin W., and Jessica M. Turnbull. "COVID-19 and Unilateral Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatments." Chest 159, no. 6 (2021): 2161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.02.005.

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18

Callies, Daniel Edward. "Unilateral ECMO Withdrawal and the Argument From Distributive Justice." American Journal of Bioethics 23, no. 6 (2023): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2023.2201227.

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19

Filippova, Sophia. "Withdrawal from a Limited Liability Company." Journal of Russian Law 27, no. 9 (2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.61205/jrp.2023.102.

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According significant change in Article 26 of the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies”, there is a need to comprehend the new legal possibilities provided for the provisions of charter on withdrawal from the company, and to understand how the new provisions relate to the doctrine approaches to the legal nature of withdrawal from a limited liability company. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal nature of withdrawal from a limited liability company. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to identify whether the constitutional right of freedom of association restricts the exist

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20

Lanoszka, Alexander. "Beyond consent and coercion: using republican political theory to understand international hierarchies." International Theory 5, no. 3 (2013): 382–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971913000249.

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In categorizing international hierarchies, theorists often emphasize some balance between levels of consent and coercion. I show that emphasis on these terms is conceptually problematic. Borrowing insights from republican political theory, I argue that we can better distinguish hierarchies on the basis of whether they feature domination. Under domination the subordinate’s freedom of choice is contingent upon the predilections of the superordinate state, which can assert its supremacy whenever and possibly, however, it may please. Moreover, subordinate states cannot unilaterally and peacefully

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21

Łazowski, Adam. "Unilateral withdrawal from the EU: realistic scenario or a folly?" Journal of European Public Policy 23, no. 9 (2016): 1294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1174529.

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22

Lazowski, Adam. "EU Withdrawal: Good Business for British Business?" European Public Law 22, Issue 1 (2016): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2016007.

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In this article Adam Łazowski argues that withdrawal of the UK from the EU is not good business for British business. It analyses two available modalities of EU withdrawal: a unilateral exit and a consensual divorce. Arguably neither of the two will free the UK from EU law. For that to happen, the British authorities would have to engage in the time consuming and resource thirsty exercise of clearing the UK legal orders from EU law. This, combined with uncertainty as to future relations with the EU, is destined to affect the UK business community and unlikely to bring desired efficiencies.

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23

D'Angelo, Robert, Brenda L. Berkebile, and J. C. Gerancher. "Prospective Examination of Epidural Catheter Insertion." Anesthesiology 84, no. 1 (1996): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199601000-00011.

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Background Although it is generally accepted that inserting epidural catheters 3-4 cm into the epidural space minimizes complications, no prospective randomized examination of epidural catheter insertion length has been published. Methods Eight hundred healthy parturients requesting epidural analgesia were randomized to have open-tip epidural catheters inserted 2, 4, 6, or 8 cm within the epidural space. The incidences of intravenous cannulation, unilateral sensory analgesia, and subsequent catheter dislodgment were recorded. Catheter insertions that resulted in intravenous cannulation or unil

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24

Deniz, Miray Özer. "AMENDMENT ON THE USE OF THE RIGHT OF WITHDRAWAL IN DISTANCE CONTRACTS." SOCRATES JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIAL STUDIES 8, no. 22 (2022): 69–76. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7181568.

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<em>Distance contracts is regulated Law No. 6502 on the Protection of the Consumer, m. 48 and in the Regulation on Distance Contracts. A distance contract is a contract between the consumer and the seller or the provider, without coming together, through a system suitable for remote sales. With the increase of internet shopping and the effect of the pandemic, distance contracts are established quite often today. It is very possible for the consumer to make a mistake because of buying products and goods from a seller or supplier that he has not seen, inspected. Therefore the consumer has been g

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25

Miller, Kathryn E., Ryan D. Coleman, Leah Eisenberg, Joan Henriksen, John D. Lantos, and Elliott Mark Weiss. "Unilateral Withdrawal of Life-sustaining Therapy in a Severely Impaired Child." Pediatrics 142, no. 5 (2018): e20180131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-0131.

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26

Mnookin, Robert H., Ehud Eiran, and Shula Gilad. "Is Unilateralism Always Bad? Negotiation Lessons from Israel's “Unilateral” Gaza Withdrawal." Negotiation Journal 30, no. 2 (2014): 131–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12051.

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27

Bektasheva, Aida. "Potential Double Impacts of Brexit “With And Without A Deal” For EU and UK – In Particular “Internal Market” Issue." European Studies 6, no. 1 (2019): 312–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eustu-2022-0044.

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Summary Article 50 of the TEU acknowledges the right of the member states to withdraw from the EU. The provision entitles to a unilateral, unconditional, but not immediate withdrawal from the European Union, which renders relatively easy in procedural terms to trigger the process. As landmark need should also be noted, Article 50 of the TEU releases from the strictures of public international law, and in case its absence of an explicit withdrawal, so the applicable law will be the Vienna Convention on the Law of the Treaties. Short and long-term impacts could result from the negotiation proces

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28

Junaidi, Junaidi, and Mila Surahmi. "ISSUE OF GRANT PROPERTY WITHDRAWAL IN ARTICLE 712 OF SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW COMPILATION AND ARTICLE 212 OF ISLAMIC LAW COMPILATION." Nurani: Jurnal Kajian Syari'ah dan Masyarakat 21, no. 1 (2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v21i1.7977.

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Grant is a unilateral agreement by a grantor that is carried out by the grantor to the grantee who gives goods free of charge to the grantee. This grant is carried out between the grantor and the grantee is still alive and well. In practice, there were many cases where grants were revoked or withdrawn by the grantor for certain reasons. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the law of withdrawal of grants by the grantors. The research method used is juridical normative and the approach method used in the research is the library research approach. In Article 712 of the Sharia Economi

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Waskitho, Arief, Yumiko Yamamoto, Swarnalakshmi Raman, et al. "Peripherally Administered Botulinum Toxin Type A Localizes Bilaterally in Trigeminal Ganglia of Animal Model." Toxins 13, no. 10 (2021): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100704.

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Peripheral nerve injury leads to sensory ganglion hyperexcitation, which increases neurotransmitter release and neuropathic pain. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) regulates pain transmission by reducing neurotransmitter release, thereby attenuating neuropathic pain. Despite multiple studies on the use of BoNT/A for managing neuropathic pain in the orofacial region, its exact mechanism of transport remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of BoNT/A in managing neuropathic pain in two different animal models and its transport mechanism in the trigeminal nerve. Intraperitoneal a

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30

Eberl, Jason T. "Ethics as Usual? Unilateral Withdrawal of Treatment in a State of Exception." American Journal of Bioethics 20, no. 7 (2020): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2020.1779401.

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31

Nasraway, Stanley A. "Unilateral withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy: Is it time? Are we ready?" Critical Care Medicine 29, no. 1 (2001): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200101000-00049.

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32

Leier, Brendan, and Gurmeet Singh. "Unilateral Withdrawal, Technological Creep, and the Role of Proportionality in ECMO Policy." American Journal of Bioethics 23, no. 6 (2023): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2023.2201254.

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33

Martinico, Giuseppe, and Marta Simoncini. "Wightman and the Perils of Britain’s Withdrawal." German Law Journal 21, no. 5 (2020): 799–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2020.49.

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AbstractOn 10 December 2018, the Court of Justice (CJEU) delivered the Wightman judgment and recognized the unilateral revocability of the notification ex Art. 50 Treaty on European Union (TEU). This article offers a critical analysis of the decision by insisting above all on the national background of the ruling and the political risks stemming from the decision. The article is structured as follows. Firstly, it analyses the legal questions of the Scottish case, which constituted the ground for the admissibility of the preliminary ruling and showed the perils for the exercise of national sove

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Slevin, John T., Don M. Gash, Charles D. Smith, et al. "Unilateral intraputaminal glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson disease: response to 1 year each of treatment and withdrawal." Neurosurgical Focus 20, no. 5 (2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2006.20.5.2.

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Object Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) infused unilaterally into the putamen for 6 months was previously shown to improve motor functions and quality of life measures significantly in 10 patients with Parkinson disease (PD) in a Phase I trial. In this study the authors report the safety and efficacy of continuous treatment for 1 year or more. After the trial was halted by the sponsor, the patients were monitored for an additional year to evaluate the effects of drug withdrawal. Methods During the extended study, patients received unilateral intraputaminal infusion of 30 μg/d

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Johnson, Mark, Heather Ashton, Richard Marsh, and John W. Thompson. "Songs, Rockets and Whistling Kettles: Electroencephalographic Changes in Drug Related Auditory Disturbances and Treatment with Acupuncture and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation." Acupuncture in Medicine 11, no. 2 (1993): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.11.2.98.

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Three patients with unilateral auditory disturbances (singing voices, rockets and gongs, and whistling kettles) are described. The symptoms occurred during benzodiazepine withdrawal in two patients and the instigation of nefopam treatment in one. All patients had mild hearing loss and abnormal auditory evoked potentials. Two showed marked asymmetry of background EEG rhythms over the temporal lobe. In two of the patients the symptoms responded partially to TENS and/or acupuncture.

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Abdul Khir, Mohamed Fairooz. "Bilateral rebate (ibra’ mutabadal) in Islamic banking operation: a critical appraisal." International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 9, no. 3 (2016): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-07-2015-0085.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the scholars’ views on the legality of bilateral rebate in Islamic financial transactions. It also aims to evaluate the contemporary application of bilateral rebate in Islamic banking operation as an alternative to the conventional mechanism in handling the events of early settlement of debt, early termination of debt facility and early withdrawal of term deposit. Design/methodology/approach The study used deductive and inductive methods to analyze the juristic literature of all the major schools of law on the legality of both bilateral and unilateral rebate

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Sarmiento García, Manuel Guillermo. "Los derechos de los pasajeros en el contrato de transporte aéreo. El derecho de retracto./ The rights of passengers in the contract of air transportation the right of withdrawal." Revista de Derecho Privado │Universidad Blas Pascal 8, no. 8 (2022): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37767/2362-5325(2021)006.

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La opinión de un sector de la doctrina colombiana considera el derecho de retracto consagrado en el estatuto del consumidor, como un ejercicio abusivo del derecho, posición que el autor no comparte, ya que el derecho de retracto, si bien se trata de una terminación unilateral, sus causas están claramente establecidas en la ley, la que ha establecido que, respecto de ciertos contratos, donde la posición del consumidor resulta débil, debe protegerse su autonomía privada, con la posibilidad de retractarse de su compromiso,cuando evalúa con más calma y prudencia las obligaciones que asumió, por es

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38

Kawamata, Tomoyuki, Keiichi Omote, Hajime Sonoda, Mikito Kawamata, and Akiyoshi Namiki. "Analgesic Mechanisms of Ketamine in the Presence and Absence of Peripheral Inflammation." Anesthesiology 93, no. 2 (2000): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200008000-00032.

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Background The studies on the mechanisms of ketamine antinociception have led to conflicting results. In this study, the authors investigated the contribution of supraspinal monoaminergic descending inhibitory system to ketamine analgesia for acute nociception and inflammation-induced hyperalgesia. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The paw withdrawal latencies to radiant heat stimuli were measured to assess the thermal nociceptive threshold. The analgesic effects of intrathecal or intraperitoneal ketamine were examined in the rats that received unilateral intraplantar carrageenan and

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Slevin, John T., Don M. Gash, Charles D. Smith, et al. "Unilateral intraputamenal glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor in patients with Parkinson disease: response to 1 year of treatment and 1 year of withdrawal." Journal of Neurosurgery 106, no. 4 (2007): 614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.4.614.

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Object Glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) infused unilaterally into the putamen for 6 months has been previously shown to improve significantly motor functions and quality of life measures in 10 patients with Parkinson disease (PD) in a Phase I trial. In the present study the authors report the safety and efficacy of continuous treatment for a minimum of 1 year. After the trial was halted by the drug sponsor, the patients were monitored for an additional 1 year during which the effects of drug withdrawal were evaluated. Methods During the extended study period, patients receive

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40

Huo, Bei-Bei, Jun Shen, Xu-Yun Hua, et al. "Alteration of metabolic connectivity in a rat model of deafferentation pain: a 18F-FDG PET/CT study." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 4 (2020): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.11.jns181815.

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OBJECTIVERefractory deafferentation pain has been evidenced to be related to central nervous system neuroplasticity. In this study, the authors sought to explore the underlying glucose metabolic changes in the brain after brachial plexus avulsion, particularly metabolic connectivity.METHODSRats with unilateral deafferentation following brachial plexus avulsion, a pain model of deafferentation pain, were scanned by small-animal 2-deoxy-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT to explore the changes of metabolic connectivity among different brain regions. Thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mecha

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Barata, Mario. "Brexit and the limits of Article 50 Treaty of the European Union." Open Political Science 3, no. 1 (2020): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2020-0013.

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AbstractThis article aims to analyse the limits of Article 50 of the Treaty of the European Union (TEU) which expressly consecrates a Member State’s unilateral right to leave the Union. However, the provision seems to raise more questions than it answers due to the lack of concrete legal guidelines, and Brexit has underlined this reality. For example, the exit procedure contemplates the possibility of signing a withdrawal agreement with the European Union (EU), but it does not discipline its content. In our opinion, any agreement must regulate three questions: fundamental rights, financial set

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Venturelli, Massimo, Susanna Rampichini, Giuseppe Coratella, et al. "Heart and musculoskeletal hemodynamic responses to repetitive bouts of quadriceps static stretching." Journal of Applied Physiology 127, no. 2 (2019): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00823.2018.

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The role of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in relation to the repetitive exposure to static stretching (SS) on heart and musculoskeletal hemodynamics in stretched and resting muscles is still a matter of debate. The aim of the study was to determine cardiac and musculoskeletal hemodynamics to repetitive bouts of unilateral SS. Sympathetic and parasympathetic activity contribution to the central hemodynamics and local difference in circulation of stretched and resting muscles were also investigated. In eight participants, heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (M

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Ansong, Alex. "Unilateral Enforcement of Un Security Council Resolutions: The Case of Operation Iraqi Freedom." Journal of Legal Studies 22, no. 36 (2018): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jles-2018-0013.

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Abstract The prohibition of armed aggression under Article 2(2) of the United Nations Charter is one of the most important developments in international law and international relations in the modern era. The fact that the right to wage war is no longer accepted as falling within the sovereignty of the state has ushered in an appreciably stable international order based on the rule of law and not the rule of might. While states obviously still engage in warfare and numerous wars have been fought by states in the era of the UN, the very fact that the prohibition of armed aggression has assumed u

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Valerio Jovan, Christopher. "THE UNITED STATES UNILATERAL WITHDRAWAL FROM THE RESTRICTIONS OF IRAN’S NUCLEAR PROGRAM IN JCPOA 2015 UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 4, no. 2 (2021): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/pjil.v4i2.414.

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Abstract In 2015, Iran with the P5 + 1 countries (China, France, Germany, Russia, Britain and the United States, as well as the European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) agreed on a JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) which deals with Iran's nuclear program. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 2015 (JCPOA) is a controversial agreement. First, the JCPOA's status in international law is debated and is not considered as an international treaty. In the midst of the uncertainty over the status of the JCPOA, on May 8 2018, the United States unilatera

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Yu, Long-Chuan, Per Hansson, Gunilla Brodda-Jansen, Elvar Theodorsson, and Thomas Lundeberg. "Intrathecal CGRP8-37-induced bilateral increase in hindpaw withdrawal latency in rats with unilateral inflammation." British Journal of Pharmacology 117, no. 1 (1996): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15152.x.

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Ren, Bo, Shiying Li, Bin Liu, Jinxia Zhang, and Yaqing Feng. "Anti-MOG Antibody-Associated Unilateral Cortical Encephalitis with Bilateral Meningeal Involvement: A Case Report." Brain Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020283.

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A 27-year-old Han Chinese woman presented with fever, headache, lethargy, and difficulty in expression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected extensive hyperintensity of the left-sided frontoparietal, temporal, occipital, and insular cortices via fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging. Post-contrast MRI revealed linear enhancement in the frontoparietal, temporal, and occipital sulci bilaterally. The detection of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was positive in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum. The patient was diagnosed with anti-MOG antibody-associated uni

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Syarifatul Fadhilah, Amanda Fathona Fadhila, Universitas Bengkulu, Ema Septaria, and M. Ilham Adepio. "Pelanggaran Asas Good Faith terhadap Perjanjian Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Oleh Korea Utara." Majelis: Jurnal Hukum Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2025): 57–71. https://doi.org/10.62383/majelis.v2i2.634.

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This research examines North Korea's violation of the principle of good faith under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and its legal consequences. The main issue addressed in this study is North Korea’s breach of the good faith principle within the framework of the NPT, which raises legal implications regarding its status and obligations as a party to the treaty. Although North Korea was formally bound by the NPT, it secretly developed a nuclear weapons program, demonstrating non-compliance with the fundamental principle of international treaty implementation. This issue was further ex

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Chow, John W., and Dobrivoje S. Stokic. "Improvements in force variability and structure from vision- to memory-guided submaximal isometric knee extension in subacute stroke." Journal of Applied Physiology 124, no. 3 (2018): 592–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00717.2017.

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We examined changes in variability, accuracy, frequency composition, and temporal regularity of force signal from vision-guided to memory-guided force-matching tasks in 17 subacute stroke and 17 age-matched healthy subjects. Subjects performed a unilateral isometric knee extension at 10, 30, and 50% of peak torque [maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] for 10 s (3 trials each). Visual feedback was removed at the 5-s mark in the first two trials (feedback withdrawal), and 30 s after the second trial the subjects were asked to produce the target force without visual feedback (force recall). The c

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Simoncini, Marta, and Giuseppe Martinico. "A Knot Not to Be Cut? The Legacy of Brexit over the CJEU." Politics and Governance 9, no. 1 (2021): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i1.3660.

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What was the role of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the Brexit saga? And what will the impact of Brexit be over the future structure and activity of the CJEU? This article deals with this twofold question and explores three different issues. Firstly, we will offer a reflection on the questions and the risks raised by the Wightman case, where the CJEU ruled on the unilateral revocation of the UK notification of its intention to withdraw from the European Union under Art. 50 Treaty of the EU. Secondly, we will analyse the impact of Brexit on the composition of the CJEU and,

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Mansikka, Heikki, Chengshui Zhao, Rishi N. Sheth, Ichiro Sora, George Uhl та Srinivasa N. Raja. "Nerve Injury Induces a Tonic Bilateral μ-Opioid Receptor–mediated Inhibitory Effect on Mechanical Allodynia in Mice". Anesthesiology 100, № 4 (2004): 912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200404000-00022.

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Background Mice lacking the mu-opioid receptor gene have been used to characterize the role of mu-opioid receptors in nociception and the analgesic actions of opioid agonists. In this study, the authors determined the role of mu-opioid receptors in neuropathic pain behaviors and the effectiveness of mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists on this behavior in mice. Methods The authors studied the behavioral responses of mu-opioid receptor knockout and wild-type mice to thermal and mechanical stimuli before and after neuropathic pain induced by unilateral ligation and section of the L5 spinal ner

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