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Lado, Karen M. (Karen Maria). "Immigrant workers in the cleaning industry : the Central American experience in Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68292.
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Souza, Lucilius Martins de. "QUALIDADE DE VIDA NO TRABALHO DOS SERVIDORES DA VARRIÇÃO URBANA DE GOIÂNIA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2908.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-29<br>The main objective of this study was to assess satisfaction with the quality of life of the
servers at work sweeping the city, identifying the areas with greater disability, taking into
account age, sex and length of service of employees. The areas investigated were
proposed by Walton (1973) model and the questionnaire used was adapted by Timossi
et al. (2009). The survey was conducted by applying the questionnaire surveyed 326
employees of the company. For data analysis we used SPSS (Statistical Package for
Social Science) versio15.0. The survey results revealed that the servers are sweeping
urban satisfied with their quality of work life in their overall average. The worst results
were achieved in the areas of "fair and adequate compensation", "use and development
capabilities," "constitutionalism" and "opportunity for growth and security." The findings
presented the main results of the research, as well as suggestions for improving QWL
professionals surveyed.<br>O principal objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a satisfação da qualidade de vida no
trabalho (QVT) dos servidores da varrição urbana identificando quais os domínios com
maior deficiência levando-se em consideração a idade, tempo de empresa e o sexo dos
funcionários. Os domínios investigados foram propostos por Walton (1973) e o modelo
de questionário utilizado foi adaptado por Timossi et al. (2009). A pesquisa foi
realizada através da aplicação do questionário em 326 colaboradores da empresa
pesquisada. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software SPSS (Statistical Package
for Social Science), versão 15.0. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que os
servidores da varrição urbana encontram-se satisfeitos com a sua qualidade de vida no
trabalho, em sua média geral. Os piores resultados foram alcançados nos domínios
compensação justa e adequada , "uso e desenvolvimento das capacidades ,
constitucionalismo e oportunidade de crescimento e segurança . As conclusões do
estudo apresentaram os principais resultados da pesquisa, assim como sugestões para
melhoria da QVT dos profissionais pesquisados.
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Gomes, Clara Suzane Silva. "A socioespacialidade do trabalho dos agentes da limpeza pública de Aracaju - SE." Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2017. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/7935.
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This study analyzes the spatiality of the work on urban cleaning of Aracaju in Sergipe. The point is to explain how to settle and if you configure the conditions and working relationships in the concrete reality of the Garis and daisies from the logical and control determinations work by capital. We left understanding that categories work is central to understanding the underlying framework for the production of space in contemporary times and condition of existence and of human sociality. How if espacializa and if highlights responds to desires of the reproduction of capitalist profit. Structural unemployment, resulting from the crisis of the system of capital with lower in the formation of the growing mass of employees "superfluous", idle, ensures the conditions of precarious work in urban cleaning, which is configured by unprotecting the worker on squandering and loss of rights and guarantees in the various forms of exploitation of the work. These guys assujeitad by your condition of expropriated of the means of production are the same ones who live the sócioespacial, economic and cultural segregation in the city. Reside in poor neighborhoods of Aracaju and under such conditions, submit to low wages and risks in various work accidents: car crashes, hacks, mycoses, body aches, headaches, nausea, eye irritation, infections. Such conditions incur harms to worker's health, as well as the demands for forms of articulation and political organization of these subjects. These are aspects that reflect clearly the job submission to the Capital and sought to answer in this research. The methodology was guided by the research method, which is historical and dialectical materialism, understand that it is the most appropriate way of apprehending reality, from the totality of relations. Search procedures, we conducted semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and field observation of field.<br>Esse estudo analisa a sócioespacialidade do trabalho na limpeza urbana de Aracaju, no estado de Sergipe. O sentido é explicar como se estabelecem e se configuram as condições e relações de trabalho na realidade concreta dos Garis e Margaridas, a partir das lógicas e determinações de controle do trabalho pelo capital. Partimos da compreensão de que a categoria trabalho é central para entender o quadro subjacente à produção do espaço na contemporaneidade e condição de existência e sociabilidade do homem. A forma como se espacializa e se singulariza responde aos anseios da reprodução do lucro capitalista. O desemprego estrutural, resultante da crise do sistema do capital com rebatimento na formação da crescente massa de trabalhadores “supérfluos”, ociosos, garante às condições de precarização do trabalho na limpeza urbana, que se configura pela desproteção ao trabalhador, na dilapidação dos direitos e perda de garantias e nas diversas formas de exploração do trabalho. Esses sujeitos assujeitados pela sua condição de expropriados dos meios de produção são os mesmos que vivem a segregação sócioespacial, econômica e cultural na cidade. Residem nos bairros pobres de Aracaju e em tais condições, se submetem aos baixos salários e aos riscos em acidentes de trabalho diversos: quedas do carro de coleta, cortes, micoses, dores no corpo, dores de cabeça, enjoos, irritação nos olhos, infecções. Tais condições incorrem em agravos à saúde do trabalhador, bem como a demandas por formas de articulação e organização política desses sujeitos. Esses são os aspectos que traduzem claramente a submissão do trabalho ao Capital e que buscou-se responder nessa pesquisa. A metodologia foi norteada pelo método de investigação, que é o materialismo histórico e dialético, por entender que é a forma mais adequada de apreender a realidade, a partir da totalidade das relações. Como procedimentos de pesquisa, realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas, questionários e observação de campo.<br>São Cristóvão, SE
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Coelho, Margarida Martins. "CONDIÇÕES DE TRABALHO E SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL DOS TRABALHADORES DA LIMPEZA URBANA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2940.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-29<br>The present study had aimed to identify the socioeconomic profile, the
conditions of work, and the occupational health with importance to the dermatosis
in the garbage collectors of the City of Morrinhos. Despite of the relevancy of the
trash collection and sweeping, there are few studies and researches about the
conditions of work and risks that the street-sweepers and garbage collectors are
exposed, in special about dermatosis of contact, in this activity for them
performed. To the methodology, after theoretical base, they were observed and
interviewed and, at another moment, structured questionnaires with 97 (ninety
seven) workers in the public agency of the city hall responsible to the urban
cleaning were applied. The data was collected in April and May of 2011 (two
thousand eleven). The results have showed that 42% (forty two) of the
epidemiologic profile of workers suffering from occupational dermatosis is made of
young male with low levels of education. The part of the body where it appeared
the most was the hand. A few recommendations to improve the security and
health of these workers were proposed, also the reduction of socioenvironmental
impacts due to this activity.<br>O presente estudo visou identificar o perfil socioeconômico, as condições
de trabalho, e a saúde ocupacional com ênfase para ocorrência de dermatoses
na percepção dos profissionais da limpeza urbana do Município de Morrinhos.
Apesar da relevância do serviço referente à coleta de lixo e à varrição, existem
poucos estudos e pesquisas acerca das condições de trabalho e dos riscos a que
estão expostos os coletores de lixo e garis, em especial para as dermatites de
contatos, nessa atividade por eles desenvolvida. Para a metodologia, após
embasamento teórico, foram realizadas observações diretas e entrevistas e, em
outro momento, foi aplicado questionário estruturado com 97 trabalhadores
lotados no órgão da Prefeitura responsável pela limpeza urbana. A coleta de
dados ocorreu nos meses de abril e maio de 2011. Os resultados mostraram que
42% dos trabalhadores que declararam terem sido acometidos por dermatoses
ocupacionais são jovens com baixa escolaridade e do sexo masculino; e a região
anatômica mais prevalente foi a mão. Foram propostas algumas recomendações
para melhorar a segurança e saúde desses trabalhadores, bem como a redução
dos impactos socioambientais decorrentes dessa atividade.
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Tang, Lynn. "An oral history of women cleaning workers in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37224761.
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Tang, Lynn, and 鄧琳. "An oral history of women cleaning workers in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37224761.
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Vizcaya, Fernández David. "Asthma and hand dermatitis in cleaning workers: characteristics and risk factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81781.
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During the last decade, several studies highlighted a higher risk of asthma among workers using cleaning products and, more specifically, among cleaning workers. A hypothesis on a causal role of irritant exposure has been proposed. Given the large population exposed to these agents, not only at work, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of the cleaning-related respiratory symptoms, as well as the risk factors of asthma in this workforce in order to achieve a healthier work and home environment.
EPIASLI-2 aimed to disentangle the patho-physiological characteristics of asthma in cleaning workers as well as to identify the main risk factors for asthma and hand dermatitis. A two-stage sampling among Barcelona’s cleaning companies and their employees was performed during 2007-08. After a cross-sectional survey among the identified workers, a nested case-control study among current cleaners was conducted. The exposure and symptoms were measured by a questionnaire. In addition, we obtained blood and Exhaled Breath Condensate samples, Fe-NO, lung function and BHR measures.
The project resulted in one review article and three original papers, all of them already published or submitted in international renowned journals. We found an increased prevalence of asthma and hand dermatitis symptoms among cleaning workers using irritants and multiuse products and among those working in hospitals and outdoor areas. The evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers and lung function suggests that eosinophilic inflammation does not play a key role. Nevertheless, an immunological mechanism of asthma must not be neglected.
People exposed to high-risk cleaning products must be monitored and the exposure among this population must be reduced if not avoided.<br>Durante la última decada, numerosos estudios resaltaron un mayor riesgo de asma entre los trabajadores que usan productos de limpieza y, más concretamente, entre trabajadores de limpieza. Se ha hipotetizado que la exposición a irritantes puede ser la causa subyacente. Dada la gran población expuesta a estos agents, no solo en el trabajo, es crucial entender los mecanismos de los síntomas respiratorios asociados a la limpieza, así como los factores de riesgo de asma para alcanzar un ambiente más saludable en casa y en el trabajo.
EPIASLI-2 se diseñó para esclarecer dichos puntos en relación con asma y con dermatitis de manos. En 2007-08 se realizó un muestreo en dos etapas entre las empresas de limpieza de Barcelona y sus empleados. Tras el estudio transversal de dichas empresas, se realizó un estudio caso-control entre los trabajadores de limpieza. La exposición y la sintomatología se midieron con cuestionarios. Además, obtuvimos muestras de sangre, condensado de aire exhalado, FeNO, función pulmonar y tests de hiperreactividad bronquial.
El proyecto resultó en un artículo de revisión y tres artículos originales, todos ellos publicados o en revisión en reconocidas revistas internacionales. Encontramos un incremento en la prevalencia de síntomas de asma y dermatitis de manos entre los limpiadores que usaban irritantes y productos multiusos así como entre los que trabajaban en hospitales y áreas abiertas. La evaluación de los biomarcadores de inflamación y la función pulmonar sugieren que la inflamación eosinofílica no tiene un papel importante. Sin embargo, los mecanismos inmunológicos de asma no deben ser ignorados.
La población expuesta a productos de limpieza de alto riesgo debe ser vigilada y la exposición debe ser reducida cuando no evitada.
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Erdemli, Oznur. "Experiencing Class Differences: The Case Of Subcontracted Cleaning Workers In Metu Dormitories." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615141/index.pdf.
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This thesis aims at examining the class experiences of subcontracted cleaning workers who work in student dormitories on the METU campus. It focuses on the working conditions of workers and control mechanisms in the dormitories in terms of their effects on class consciousness and future dreams of the workers. In addition, the study examines how workers experience class as a matter of self- respect in their workplaces, how they cope with haughtiness of students, the
managers and the regular employees, how they explain social inequalities and whether they accept them as legitimate. The role of gender in workers&rsquo<br>everyday lives is also mentioned. The study argues that university dormitories on the METU campus with their fragmented labor regime, and managerial tendencies, which treat the students as customers, are significant places for the observation of how class differences are experienced by the subcontracted workers. In regard to
these issues, the field research of the study was conducted through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 subcontracted cleaning workers in 12 different dormitories on the METU campus.
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Omomowo, Kolawole Emmanuel. "Subcontracting of work and workers' protection in post-apartheid South Africa : a case study of cleaning services workers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23895.
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Workers’ protection can be achieved, to a large extent, through labour law and workers’ organisation through trade unionism. Workers’ protection is defined as social protection. This study investigates workers’ experiences of their employment with regard to social protection as manifested in job security and wage adequacy. In this study workers’ perception of labour law, as a tool for workers’ protection, is considered in relation to the argument of the régulation theorists that law serves as a ‘mode of regulation’ to perpetuate the stability of the prevailing capitalist regime of accumulation. The impact of the changing nature of work on the effectiveness of labour law at achieving workers’ protection is investigated from the perspective of workers. A large employer subcontracting some support services was selected as a site of study. Data was collected using one-on-one in-depth interview to ‘tap’ into the working experiences of relevant workers and union officials. This study concludes that the changing nature of work as manifest in the decline of standard employment relationships and increase of atypical (non standard) employment, such as subcontracting undermines workers’ protection. Wages and other benefits of workers are affected. Workers survive through the support of their families and by borrowing from micro lenders which tend to suck them into a poverty cycle. The ineffectiveness of labour law to adequately protect subcontracted workers substantiates the position of régulation theorists that law is an extra-economic institutionalised practice helping to stabilize the prevailing capitalist regime of accumulation. The thinking here is that labour law is not unilaterally imposed by the state, rather, it is a product of social interaction (social relation) or struggle between labour, capital and the state within a social ‘field’ or ‘subfield’. The nature of employment of subcontracted work weakens the power of workers’ collective through trade unions. The restructuring of work leads to deunionisation and the ability of unions to organise these workers is undermined by difference in employer and pay-point between permanent workers and subcontracted workers. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Sociology<br>unrestricted
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Doellgast, Virginia L. (Virginia Lee) 1976. "Cleaning cooperatively : an analysis of the success and potential of a cooperative business." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65727.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-101).<br>In this study, I evaluate a cooperative cleaning business's success in improving employment outcomes for immigrant workers. Cooperative business development is often undertaken as a community economic development strategy that seeks to promote better work experiences for those with limited employment options. The argument that ownership and control in the workplace are key features of such a strategy is superficially easy to accept, but becomes more problematic when trade-offs among goals and outcomes are introduced. To better understand the nature of these trade-offs, I compare employment outcomes and business strategy across four different cleaning companies: a cooperative cleaning business, a maid service franchise, a unionized janitorial firm, and an independent housecleaner. While wages and benefits do not differ substantially across the four cases, cooperatives provide opportunities for training and mobility, control over work and over management of the business, and a sense of satisfaction that are unusual in the cleaning industry and of value to their members. These findings are tempered by the observation that these cleaning cooperatives remain a scattered set of experiments that often must struggle to sustain themselves. Enjoying the benefits of cooperative ownership may require members to sacrifice time and salary, and may in the short-term hamper business growth and profitability. The strategies used by successful cooperative and non-cooperative cleaning businesses provide a useful guide to these businesses as they seek to meet the dual goals of providing better work experiences for their members and successfully competing within the cleaning industry.<br>by Virginia L. Doellgast.<br>M.C.P.
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Juhlin, Karolina. "“A No Man’s Land” : A study of the undocumented Bolivian migrant workers in the Stockholm cleaning sector." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78344.
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In order to study the different social networks and institutions that shape the access to work and working conditions for the undocumented Bolivian migrant workers in Sweden, I have a conducted a qualitative research. This research specifically looks into how the Bolivian social networks in Stockholm are organized in terms of the access to labor market for undocumented immigrants from Bolivia. Another research dimension will be to explore the social relationships within these social networks and their internal hierarchy. The eight conducted interviews of undocumented, and previously undocumented, Bolivian migrant workers have determined the perception of the undocumented migrants’ life and working conditions. Through their testimonies I have grasped the information of what kind of social networks operate among the undocumented Bolivian labor migrants in Stockholm. With four interviews directed to four labor union representatives there has also been unraveled what the relationship are between the Bolivian social networks and the formal Swedish labor unions, and reversely. Actor network theory has been used as a perspective and a tool to examine the undocumented migrants’ perceptions of the main actors within these networks. The role of the social networks has, in terms of access to the labor market, a big influence on the undocumented Bolivian migrants and how they perceive and approach the Swedish labor unions.
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Erlank, Lara. "Understanding South African herbicide workers’ residual take-home exposure risks from personal protective equipment cleaning and storing practices." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29322.
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Exposure to pesticides has been associated with several adverse health effects. When workers who spray pesticides take contaminated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and work clothes home, those items pose a risk of cross-contamination. Agriculture employers are recommended to make facilities available for workers to clean and store contaminated items at the workplace to reduce the risk of cross-contamination. However, little research has been conducted on forestry workers, for whom at-work cleaning and storage facilities may be less feasible. Working for Water (WfW) is a South African programme that focuses on removing invasive alien vegetation and alleviating poverty through providing job opportunities to unemployed individuals in low-income settings. WfW forestry workers use herbicides to remove the invasive vegetation. Unlike agricultural workers, WfW forestry workers undertake projects that are transient and tend to be on mountainous or steep terrain. The work environment poses challenges for at-work access to amenities or facilities to clean and store contaminated PPE. Workers have few alternatives but to take contaminated items home. WfW safety protocols do not currently address the risks associated with take-home residues or indicate how workers should clean and store contaminated items. This study is part of a larger project focusing on developing protocols to reduce the risks of cross-contamination and exposure to residues. This dissertation provides baseline data for improved WfW safety protocols through the exploration of workers’ at-home risks of cross-contamination, and the role that worker perceptions and access to amenities have on cleaning and storing behaviors for contaminated items. The Protocol (Part A) describes the methods used to collect and analyze the data. The Literature Review (Part B) presents the risks of take-home residues associated with cross-contamination and the importance of exploring workers’ perceptions and access to amenities to promote safety compliance. The Article (Part C) explores WfW workers’ cleaning and storing behaviors, what contaminated items are taken home, the workers’ access to amenities in the home, and the workers’ perceived risk of exposure. Questionnaires were administered to 27 WfW workers across three excavation sites (Tokai, Citrusdal and Hermanus) that were selected based on convenience sampling. Findings showed that most of the participants took contaminated items home daily. Many participants (55.2%) did not have access to running water. Access to running water and type of housing influenced whether the contaminated items were washed indoors or outdoors, and how they were washed. WfW participants who lived in a shack were more likely to leave contaminated items on the couch or bed or with other clothing items than those living in permanent dwellings. Those workers were more likely to keep them in a non-permeable transport bag, outside, or separate drawers away from clean items. The majority of subjects (65.5%) perceived exposure to herbicides as dangerous to their health. The participants’ perceived risk was associated with whether they took contaminated PPE items home, but not how they were cleaned or stored. WfW Safety protocols should emphasize the importance of keeping contaminated items contained and reducing contact with household surfaces or clean clothes. Workers’ cleaning and storing practices and their associated risk of crosscontamination are largely determined by the amenities they have access to. For new safety protocols to be effective, they need to be realistic and take into account the constraints workers face.
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Woodhead, Loo Wing-ping Marina. "Environmental health policy implementation in Hong Kong : a study of cleansing services in the Urban Services Department /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12323391.
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Lócco, Ligia Goncalves De. "Política de limpeza urbana em Guarulhos: análise da formulação e implementação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100138/tde-09092017-110643/.
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Esta pesquisa se debruçou sobre um tema presente diariamente na vida de todas as pessoas: geração de resíduos e sua destinação. Todas as pessoas geram resíduos todos os dias de sua vida. Dentre os serviços de gestão de resíduos sólidos, a presente pesquisa teve como objeto as políticas públicas de limpeza urbana e manejo de resíduos sólidos, ou seja, os serviços de coleta, transporte, transbordo, tratamento e destinação final de resíduos e rejeitos provenientes dos domicílios de Guarulhos, como também dos serviços públicos de varrição e limpeza de ruas. Estas atividades, essenciais para o funcionamento da cidade e saúde da população, são resultado de uma série de decisões, disputas e interesses de diversos atores que operam em diversos contextos institucionais, mormente o contexto federativo. Sendo Guarulhos o município foco do estudo, buscou-se compreender os processos determinantes da formulação e da implementação da política de limpeza urbana no município, articulando os arranjos institucionais, o contexto histórico e territorial e a circulação de atores estratégicos neste subsistema de política. Sendo assim, foi compreendida a importância do subsistema como uma dimensão de análise que perpasse o ciclo de políticas. A perspectiva histórica da mudança do subsistema da política em Guarulhos permitiu analisar o processo de construção desta política ao longo do tempo, que envolveu embates de ideias e interesses entre atores de várias origens, com destaque para a circulação da comunidade epistêmica da limpeza urbana<br>This research focused on a theme presents daily in peoples life: waste generation and its destination. All people generate waste every day in lives. Among solid waste management services, the present research had the public policies of urban cleaning and solid waste management, in other words, the collection, transportation, transhipment, treatment and final disposal of waste and wastes from Guarulhoss houses, as well as public sweeping and street cleaning services. These activities, essential to citys functioning and populations health, results of a series decisions, disputes and interests of several actors that operate in different institutional contexts, especially the federative context. Guarulhos, it was sought to understand the processes that determine the formulation and implementation of urban cleaning policy in the municipality, articulating the institutional arrangements, the historical and territorial context and the circulation of strategic actors in this subsystem of politics. Thus, the subsystems importance was understood as an analysiss dimension through the policy cycle. The historical perspective change of the politics subsystem in Guarulhos allowed analyze the process of policys construction over time, which involved clashes of ideas and interests among actors from various origins, especially the epistemic communitys circulation in urban cleaning
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Mwanga, Hussein Hassan. "Risk factors for work-related asthma in health workers with exposure to diverse cleaning agents in two African health care settings." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30952.
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Background: Health workers (HWs) are exposed to a wide range of chemicals used for cleaning and disinfection. This has been largely attributed to the ever-increasing demand for effective cleaning and disinfection in hospital settings in an effort to prevent healthcare associated infections. Over the last two decades, there has been increasing evidence linking cleaning agents to adverse work-related health effects such as rhinitis, asthma and contact dermatitis. There is however little information on the specific cleaning agents and tasks associated with various asthma-related outcomes. Furthermore, limited information exists regarding exposure-response relationships between the frequency of exposure to specific cleaning agents and asthma-related outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for work-related asthma (WRA) among HWs exposed to diverse cleaning agents in two academic tertiary public hospitals in southern Africa - South Africa and Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 699 HWs was conducted. Exposure assessment included systematic workplace observations, environmental sampling for aldehydes (orthophthalaldehyde-OPA, glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde) and urine biomonitoring for chlorhexidine. Environmental sampling for aldehydes was conducted more extensively in the South African hospital (SAH). A pilot sampling in the Tanzanian hospital (TAH) revealed very low detectable levels of OPA and glutaraldehyde and as a result extensive measurements were not done. In the SAH, a total of 269 full-shift passive personal samples were collected from 164 HWs randomly selected from 17 different clinical departments. Passive sampling used TraceAir® AT580 monitors (Assay Technology, Livermore, CA). Biomonitoring for chlorhexidine was only conducted in the SAH since none of the HWs in the TAH used chlorhexidine. For the health outcome assessment, a total of 697 HWs completed interviews using the ECRHS questionnaire adapted for occupational contexts, which contained in-depth information on asthma, as well as detailed information on tasks and chemicals used during the course of their work. Sera was successfully collected from 682 HWs and analysed for specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) antibody reactivity to common aero-allergens (Phadiatop) and specific occupational allergens (NRL - Hevea brasiliensis (Hev b5, Hev b6.02), chlorhexidine and OPA). Methacholine challenge tests (MCT) were performed on all South African HWs (n=318), based on standard inclusion criteria. Spirometry, accompanied by a post-bronchodilator (post-BD) test was conducted on all Tanzanian HWs (n=329) and a small proportion (n=25) of South African HWs where MCT was contraindicated. All HWs from both hospitals (n=654) underwent fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) testing during the working day prior to spirometry. Results: The prevalence of current asthma was 10% (atopic asthma 6%, non-atopic asthma 4%), while 2% had WRA. The prevalence of atopy was 43%, with 4% of workers being sensitised to OPA, 2% to NRL and only 1% to chlorhexidine. Environmental sampling demonstrated that OPA was detectable in 6 (2%) samples, all samples (Geometric mean (GM) = 0.010 ppm) being higher than the ACGIH exposure limit (0.0001 ppm). Workers with detectable OPA were found to have a longer duration of OPA use (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.10 – 1.50). Formaldehyde was detectable in 103 (38%) samples (GM = 0.005 ppm), with 1% of samples having levels higher than the NIOSH TWA exposure limit (0.016 ppm). Asthmarelated outcomes (increasing asthma symptom score and FeNO) demonstrated consistent positive associations with certain medical instrument cleaning agents (OPA, QACs and enzymatic cleaners) and tasks (pre-cleaning of medical instruments, changing sterilisation solutions and manual disinfection of medical instruments) as well as certain patient care activities (disinfection prior to procedures, cleaning/disinfecting wounds, application of wound dressing, usage of adhesives and adhesive removing solvents). A particularly pronounced dose-response relationship was observed between work-related ocular-nasal symptoms and medical instrument cleaning agents (OPA, glutaraldehdye, QACs, enzymatic cleaners, alcohols and bleach; OR range: 2.50 – 12.08) and tasks (OR range: 2.58 – 3.97). Furthermore, a strong association was observed between higher asthma symptom scores and use of more sprays than wipes for fixed surface cleaning activities (mean ratio = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.50 – 5.98). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that detectable exposures to OPA are higher and more isolated to certain departments than the more widespread low-level formaldehyde exposures present throughout the hospitals. Furthermore, cleaning agents have replaced NRL as important causes for WRA in health settings. Finally, specific cleaning agents such as OPA, quaternary ammonium compounds and enzymatic cleaners associated with medical instrument cleaning/disinfection as well as patient care activities and the use of sprays for fixed surface cleaning, are important environmental risk factors for various asthma-related outcomes among HWs in health care settings.
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Henrique, Jose Benedito de Castro. "Diagnostico dos serviços de limpeza urbana do Campus Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz da Universidade Estadual de Campinas." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258159.
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Orientador: Egle Novaes Teixeira<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T21:53:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: O resíduo sólido urbano provoca sérios danos ao ambiente e à saúde pública, quando sofre uma manipulação ou destinação inadequada. É de fundamental importância para a transformação do modelo atual de serviço público de limpeza urbana, seu gerenciamento, de um modo integrado, buscando a minimização na origem, no tratamento e no destino final, considerando as características peculiares de cada resíduo, como também, os aspectos sócio-econômicos das populações envolvidas no processo. A determinação das características físicas, químicas e biológicas e dos fatores que influenciam na geração do resíduo sólido urbano são de grande importância no planejamento e na operacionalização dos serviços de limpeza pública. Ampliar o conhecimento sobre a geração de resíduo sólido urbano e sobre o serviço de limpeza urbana do Campus da Cidade Universitária "Zeferino Vaz" da Universidade Estadual de Campinas permitiu conhecer e aperfeiçoar o gerenciamento destes serviços de forma integrada. Um maior conhecimento sobre as características do resíduo sólido urbano e dos serviços de limpeza urbana diagnosticados foi obtido a partir dos resultados, permitindo a melhoria o e aperfeiçoamento deste serviço. A partir deste diagnóstico foi criada uma metodologia e gerados dados sobre o resíduo e o serviço de limpeza urbana de um Campus Universitário de grande porte, permitindo que esta possa ser utilizada como modelo para novos trabalhos em outros Campi Universitários.<br>Abstract: The urban solid waste causes serious damages to the environment and the public health, when it suffers a manipulation or inadequate destination. It is of fundamental importance for the transformation of the current model of public service of urban cleaning, his management, in an integrated way, looking for the minimization in the origin, in the treatment and in the final disposal, considering the peculiar characteristics of each kind of waste, as well as, the socioeconomic aspects of the populations involved in the process. The determination of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics and of the factors that influence in the generation of the urban solid waste are of great importance in the planning and in the operating phases of the services of public cleaning. The enlargement of the knowledge about the generation of urban solid waste and on the service of urban cleaning of the Campus of the Academical City "Zeferino Vaz" of the State University of Campinas allowed to know and to improve the management of these services in an integrated way. A larger knowledge on the characteristics of the urban solid waste and of the services of urban cleaning diagnosed was obtained from the results, allowing the improvement of this service. Starting from this diagnosis a methodology was created and data generated on the waste and on the service of urban cleaning of an Academical Campus of great load, allowing this to be used as model for new works in other Academical Campi.<br>Mestrado<br>Saneamento e Ambiente<br>Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Woodhead, Loo Wing-ping Marina, and 盧永平. "Environmental health policy implementation in Hong Kong: a study of cleansing services in the Urban ServicesDepartment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197496X.
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Aguirre, Morales Manuel Luis. "Simulação do desempenho de tratamento de residuo solido urbano : sistema AAA." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258154.
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Previous issue date: 2004<br>Resumo: O tratamento do Resíduo Sólido Urbano (RSU) ou "lixo", geralmente, segue a estratégia de se livrar do lixo ao menor custo possível; normalmente é um sistema custoso de adquirir, instalar, operar e manter, para satisfazer aos requisitos ambientais. O sistema AAA tem a meta de aproveitar todo o RSU, de forma sustentável, pela venda de produtos comerciais, sem poluir e gerando receita. Por outro lado, os sistemas comerciais de simulação, de propósito geral, são custosos, complexos e requerem longo tempo de aprendizado. Usando uma modelagem matemática simples e acessível, como ferramenta para a simulação do sistema AAA, é possível quantificar, para casos reais, o que pode-se esperar em cada etapa de implantação. Iniciando desde o mais simples diagrama de blocos, se pode, na presente simulação, ter uma idéia real do faturamento que se pode obter do RSU, baseado numa implementação por etapas, para transformar o resíduo em matéria prima secundária e, finalmente, em produtos comerciais de qualidade. A modelagem é abordada em forma simples, para ver como funciona, e progressivamente, vai-se integrando capacidades, segundo necessário. Para visualizar a complexidade da depuração, são estudadas diferentes configurações, simulando o desempenho, para dados hipotéticos e valores dos parâmetros de depuração, o que permite, num caso real, dispor de uma idéia de quanto material será rejeitado para se obter uma dada pureza versus a seletividade dos equipamentos de depuração. O modelo matemático desenvolvido, usando a planilha Excel, permite imediata aplicação, entrando com os dados locais, para simular o faturamento esperado da comercialização dos produtos com demanda local. O modelo é aberto e flexível o que permite sua adaptação a diferentes situações e pode ser completado progressivamente. Um estudo de caso (Ribeirão Preto) foi usado para a aplicação com dados reais<br>Abstract: The acquisition, installation and operation of an urban waste treatment normally are very expensive to satisfy legal requirements. The AAA system has the goal to be self-sufficient by using all the waste through the commercialization of quality products, without polluting and instead, creating profit. On the other hand, the commercial simulation systems are complex and a long training time is necessary in order to master their use. By using simple and accessible mathematical modeling as a tool to simulate the AAA system, it is possible to quantify, as in real life case, what could be expected at each implementation step. Starting from scratch, from the simplest block diagram, it is possible, by simulation step by step, to have a glimpse of how much money can be gotten from treated waste to quality products commercialization. The modeling starts as simple as possible, to see how it works, then, progressively adding capacities as necessary. To understand the complexity of a cleaning system, different configurations are studied; simulating the performance for hypothetical data, in order to have an idea of how much material is necessary to reject to get a desired cleanness in the real world, based on cleaning equipment selectivity. The mathematical model, developed in Excel chart, permits immediate use by entering the local data, to simulate the expected money profit from the commercialization of locally demanded products. The model is open and flexible, so it can be adapted to different situations and it can be completed in progressive form. A case study (Ribeirão Preto) was the first application with real data<br>Mestrado<br>Saneamento e Ambiente<br>Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Luz, Luiz Carlos Alves da. "Segurança e saúde do trabalhador em serviços de limpeza urbana : estudo de casos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257729.
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Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: A avaliação das condições de trabalho em uma parcela do sistema de limpeza urbana, constituída por serviços de coleta, tratamento e disposição final de resíduo sólido de origem residencial, comercial e de serviços de saúde, bem como serviços de varrição, foi o objetivo deste estudo. A avaliação das condições de trabalho foi feita em uma empresa pública, duas empresas privadas e uma cooperativa de trabalhadores, pertencentes a dois municípios selecionados para pesquisa, com pequeno e grande porte. As condições de trabalho foram levantadas com base nas informações obtidas através das três principais partes envolvidas no contexto, ou seja: trabalhadores, empresas empregadoras e principais instituições públicas ligadas à proteção à saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores. Foi realizada a análise das disposições técnicas e legais, ligadas à proteção do trabalhador, e das condições de trabalho no setor. Concluiu-se que as condições de trabalho em alguns locais não são adequadas, principalmente quanto às instalações sanitárias em frentes de trabalho. Por fim, foram apresentadas sugestões para melhoria das condições de trabalho no setor, inclusive quanto à legislação pertinente<br>Abstract: The evaluation of work conditions of part of the urban sanitation system consisting of garbage collection, treatment and disposal of solid waste from residential, commercial and health service sources as well as sweeping services, was the goal of this study. The evaluation of the working conditions was carried out in a public company, two private companies and a workers' cooperative pertaining to two selected municipalities, one large and one small. The work conditions were researched based on information obtained from the three principal parties involved in the context, that is, workers, companies and principal public institutions linked with the protection of health and security of workers. An analysis of technical and legal provisions linked with the protection of the worker and work conditions in the sector was carried out. The conclusion was that working conditions in some work fronts were not adequate, especially in regard to sanitary installations. Finally, some suggestions to improve work conditions in the sector were presented including relevant legislation<br>Doutorado<br>Saneamento e Ambiente<br>Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Guimarães, Angélica Maria Santos. "A saúde na prestação dos serviços de limpeza urbana e gestão de resíduos sólidos diante dos elementos do direito à cidade: análise da efetividade nos municípios do Salvador, São Paulo e Bogotá, na Colômbia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20754.
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Previous issue date: 2017-12-15<br>The core of the present study is urban clean-up and solid waste management in large Brazilian cities of Salvador and Bogotá in Colombia as a constituent element of the right to the city. Initially, the analysis differentiates the Urban Law from the Right to the City. In the sequence, it focuses on the urban cleaning in the context of the Social State and its effectiveness, analyzing the normative treatment of the topic in the context of the Brazilian legal system, including individual and concrete standards produced by the Courts of Auditors in implementing indirect execution of these services.
The main objective is to defend the need of redefine of the concepts of effectiveness of such services through the adoption of a control based on principles, requirements, assumptions, indicators of public health, quality of life and environmental sustainability, emphasizing the elements and functions of the city, prescribed in the Federal Constitution, the National Solid Waste Policy and the City Statute. It is evaluated the role of the Welfare State in urban cleaning and solid waste management, understood as socio-environmental goods of economic value, capable of transforming cities into "healthy living spaces", accomplishing of social rights, of happiness and of sustainable economic development. It defends also Urban clean-up and solid waste management are therefore advocated as a constitutive element of the Right to the City and, at the same time, guarantee instrument of leisure, education, housing, movement, employment and income in a sustainable urban environment. Urban cleaning and solid waste management must be able to assure the inhabitants of the town, physical and mental health, as well as quality of life in all its aspects<br>O cerne do presente estudo é a limpeza urbana e a gestão de resíduos sólidos nas cidades brasileiras de grande porte, a exemplo de Salvador e Bogotá, na Colômbia, como elemento constitutivo do Direito à Cidade. Inicialmente, a análise diferencia o Direito Urbanístico do Direito à Cidade. Em sequência, enfoca a limpeza urbana no contexto do Estado Social e sua efetivação, analisando o tratamento normativo do tema no âmbito do sistema jurídico brasileiro, inclusive de normas individuais e concretas produzidas pelos Tribunais de Contas em sede de controle da execução indireta destes serviços.
O objetivo central é defender a necessidade de ressignificação da eficácia dos referidos serviços por meio do controle de efetividade a partir de princípios, requisitos, pressupostos, indicadores de saúde pública, de qualidade de vida e de sustentabilidade ambiental, enfatizando os elementos e funções da cidade, prescritas na Constituição Federal, na Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos e no Estatuto da Cidade. É avaliado o papel do Estado Social na limpeza urbana e na gestão dos resíduos sólidos, compreendidos como bens sócio-ambientais de valor econômico, capazes de transformar as cidades em “espaços de vida saudável”, de concretização dos direitos sociais, da felicidade e de desenvolvimento econômico sustentável. Defende-se, então, a limpeza urbana e a gestão dos resíduos sólidos como elemento constitutivo do Direito à Cidade e ao mesmo tempo instrumento garantidor do lazer, da educação, da habitação, da circulação, do emprego e da renda, em um meio ambiente urbano sustentável. A limpeza urbana e a gestão dos resíduos sólidos devem ser capaz de assegurar aos habitantes da cidade saúde física e mental, bem como qualidade de vida em todas as suas vertentes
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Melo, Thais Felippe de. "Gestão de resíduos sólidos: um estudo sobre grupos de influência no município de Piracicaba - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-14032012-101138/.
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As Políticas Públicas são as diretrizes de ação do poder público, que estabelecem as regras de como se dará a mediação entre os atores da sociedade e do Estado. Elas respondem a demandas da sociedade, que chegam até o governo através de seus vários grupos, e criam programas de ação que em sua execução destinam-se a atingir seus objetivos. Em seu processo de elaboração, as políticas públicas refletem as formas de exercício do poder político. Nesta relação de poder estão envolvidos diversos atores com interesses diferenciados, inclusive contraditórios. É neste contexto de conflitos de interesses que se inserem as legislações e ações públicas sobre resíduos no Brasil. Atualmente, a gestão de resíduos é um dos principais desafios ambientais da humanidade. A produção limpa é cada vez mais procurada pelas entidades privadas. No entanto, no setor público do Brasil, a disposição final do lixo em aterros controlados ou lixões continua a ser uma realidade. Esta pesquisa analisou a gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos do Município de Piracicaba-SP, com enfoque especial nos resíduos sólidos domiciliares e de serviços de saúde, sob o ponto de vista da formulação de políticas e ações municipais, identificando a dinâmica deste sistema e os fatores e forças sociais preponderantes para a tomada de decisão. Entender o que direciona o desenvolvimento da gestão de resíduos é importante para compreender os fatores e mecanismos que levaram a esta forma de gestão, bem como oferecer subsídios para o avanço desta de maneira sustentável. O gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos em Piracicaba passa por uma reestruturação com a constituição de um Plano e a tentativa de construção de um novo aterro para a cidade, estas mudanças buscam criar um sistema integrado de gestão de resíduos sólidos. Para isto, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental de leis, editais, notícias e documentos oficiais e também entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os principais atores envolvidos nesta gestão municipal. Foram identificados seis grupos e fatores de influência: a saúde pública, a gestão da Prefeitura, a legislação e a fiscalização, empresas e sociedade organizada, o enfoque na disposição final e os fatores econômicos. Juntas estas influências atuam na gestão conformando o sistema de limpeza urbana.<br>Public policies are the guidelines for action from public authorities, which set rules on how to give the mediation between social actors and the state. They respond to society\'s demands, which reach the government through its various groups, and create programs that will run in its aim to achieve their goals. In their development process, public policies reflect the ways of exercising political power. In this relationship of power many actors are involved with different interests, even contradictory. It is in this context of conflict of interests where they fall laws and public actions on waste in Brazil. Currently, waste management is a major environmental challenge of humanity. The search for clean production by private entities is increasingly. However, the public sector in Brazil, trash disposal in controlled landfill or uncontrolled dump remains a reality. This research examined the management of solid waste in the city of Piracicaba-SP, with particular focus on solid waste and health services from the point of view of policy and municipal actions, identifying the dynamics of this system and the factors and prevailing social forces for decision making. Understanding what drives the development of waste management is important to understand the factors and mechanisms that led to this form of management as well as provide support for the development of a sustainable way. The management of municipal solid waste in Piracicaba goes through a restructuring with the establishment of a plan and attempt to build a new landfill for the city, these changes seek to create an integrated solid waste management. For this, we conducted a documentary research of laws, proclamations, news and official documents as well as semi-structured interviews with key actors involved in municipal management. Six groups and factors were of influence: public health, management of Municipality, legislation and enforcement, business and organized society, with focus on the final disposal and economic factors. Together these influences work in shaping the management system of urban sanitation.
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Diaz, Sanchez Omar Antonio, García Guillermo Miguel Helfer, Rengifo Eduardo Alfredo Parra, Rivera Elizabeth Remaycuna, and Bizarro Ana Gabriela Rojas. "Servicio de intermediación entre mujeres ejecutivas y operarios de limpieza a través de una aplicación de servicio de limpieza a domicilio." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655354.
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Las mujeres ejecutivas que tienen carga familiar no cuentan con tiempo suficiente para poder realizar las labores domésticas del hogar y los operarios de limpieza que no cuentan con empleo necesitan de ingresos económicos para solventar sus hogares. Esta situación les genera estrés sumado a los desafíos que se presentan en el contexto del Covid-19. Se ha desarrollado una investigación exploratoria con una metodología cualitativa por medio de entrevistas a profundidad a los dos segmentos de clientes que son mujeres ejecutivas y operarios de limpieza. La investigación cualitativa ayudó a conocer las necesidades, percepciones y expectativas de los dos segmentos. Se pudo detectar que existe la necesidad de contar con una persona fiable dentro del hogar y que brinde un servicio de calidad y existen operarios de limpieza que buscan trabajos seguros con personas serias.
Por ello, se crea Clean House Perú un intermediario que mediante una aplicación móvil conecta la demanda de servicio de mujeres ejecutivas con la oferta de servicios de operarios de limpieza. La empresa está orientada a brindar un servicio que cubre las necesidades de ambos segmentos mediante un servicio rápido, seguro, confiable y con protocolos de bioseguridad para brindar una experiencia diferente y única apoyados de la tecnología.<br>Executive women who have family responsibilities do not have enough time to be able to carry out household chores and cleaning workers who do not have a job need economic income to pay for their homes. This situation generates stress in addition to the challenges that arise in the context of Covid-19. An exploratory research has been developed with a qualitative methodology through in-depth interviews with the two client segments that are female executives and cleaning workers. The qualitative research helped to understand the needs, perceptions and expectations of the two segments. It was detected that there is a need for a reliable person in the home who provides a quality service and there are cleaning workers looking for safe jobs with serious people.
For this reason, Clean House Peru is created, an intermediary that, through a mobile application, connects the demand for service of female executives with the offer of services of cleaning workers. The company is oriented to provide a service that meets the needs of both segments through a fast, safe, reliable service and with biosafety protocols to provide a different and unique experience supported by technology.<br>Trabajo de investigación
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Besen, Gina Rizpah. "Programas municipais de coleta seletiva em parceria com organizações de catadores na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo:desafios e perspectivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-24062006-112335/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar os principais fatores que interferem na expansão e continuidade dos programas municipais de coleta seletiva de materiais recicláveis em parceria com grupos organizados de catadores. A pesquisa se baseou na revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre o tema, e na análise comparativa de estudo de casos em três municípios da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados questionários aplicados em entrevistas semi-estruturadas junto aos três gestores municipais dos programas de e cinco presidentes das organizações de catadores. O enfoque escolhido foi a análise de políticas públicas, nesse caso, voltadas ao desenvolvimento de programas de coleta seletiva, com ênfase na inclusão social. Os resultados permitirão prover os formuladores de políticas e as organizações de catadores com propostas de ações e recomendações para fortalecer os programas. A pesquisa mostrou que os programas pesquisados enfrentam graves problemas decorrentes principalmente, mas não somente, da queda da quantidade de material reciclável arrecadado devido à competição com outros atores da cadeia de reciclagem e recomenda ações, diretrizes de planejamento e operacionalização dos programas e a implementação urgente de políticas públicas mais eficientes que possibilitem a inserção destas organizações nos sistemas municipais de limpeza pública e fortaleçam a sua autonomia.<br>This research identified and analyzed the main factors that interfere in the expansion and continuity of the municipal programs of selective collection of recyclabes in partnership with organized groups of scavengers. The work was done based on bibliographical and documental review and a comparative study in these municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo through questionnaires applied in semi-structured with three municipal managers of the programs and five presidents of scavengers organizations. The approach that was used is the analysis of public policies, and particularly adressed to the development of programs of selective waste collection, with an emphasis on social inclusion. The outcomes will allow to provide the municipal decisionh makers and scavengers organizations with proposals of action a nd recommendacions to strengthen these programs. The research indicates that the programs that were studied have serious problems due, mainly, but not only, the decrease of the quantity of recyclable material given the competition with others actos of the recycling chain. It recommends actions, directives of planning and operacionalization of programs and the urgent implementacion of more efficient public policies that will allow the insercion of these organizations in the municipal systems of solid waste management to strengthen their autonomy.
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Nunes, Fernanda de Oliveira. "Significado do trabalho para agentes de limpeza e coletores de Aracaju/SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5994.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>The meaning of work is a construct studied since the 1980s in various sciences such as psychology, nursing, administration, economics, due to the great influence it has suffered and exercised, concomitantly, in the lives of individuals, organizations, society and culture in general. Besides this breadth and dynamism, it is a construct with multiple and sometimes contradictory facets, which can be evaluative (meaning work from the perception of how it should be) and descriptive (as it really is). The research about employees of on urban sanitation and solid waste collection still are few, and the existing were made with open instruments, due to the difficulty of data collection with people of elementary school. It had objective the understanding the meaning of work and its centrality to 358 street-sweeper and garbage collector outsourced from Aracaju / SE, from the survey and ranking of descriptive and evaluative factors. It had the Meaning of Work Inventory, validated in Brazil, as well as questions about the centrality of work and socio-demographic data. The sample consisted of male sex workers (92,2%) with elementary education (64.0%), married / stable (52.2%), 1 to 3 children (58.1%) in average: 33 years (DP = 9,60), 34.82 months for the company (DP = 42.52) and individual income of R$ 617,03 (DP = R$ 141,13). The data were subjected to parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis and presented results as: predominance of instrumental role in the work description (FD3 - Familiar and Personal Survival) and valuation (FV5 - Familiar and Personal Survival) of the meaning of work for the general sample (FD3 = 4.34 and = FV5 4.51) and for the subsample of street-sweeper (FD3 = 4,34 and FV5 = 4,53). Experience of justice in the workplace (FD2 = 3,36) lower than expected (FV2 = 4,59) for all participants. The centrality of work (11.7%) was lower than the centrality of the family (79.6%). It is believed that the sample, the changing world of work and the time gap between the research that originated the IST and this contributed to the inconsistency of a factor for the overall sample. The study ever deeper about meaning of work and its instruments, especially for those workers, which increasingly rely on the health and welfare of all living beings, enables more effective actions in organizational management and promotes improvements in quality life at work, on worker health, productivity and performance.<br>O significado do trabalho é um constructo estudado desde a década de 1980 por diversas ciências, como a Psicologia, Enfermagem, Administração e Economia, devido à grande influência que exerce e sofre, concomitantemente, na vida dos indivíduos, nas organizações, na sociedade em geral. Além desta amplitude e dinamismo conceitual, trata-se de um constructo com múltiplas e, às vezes, contraditórias facetas, as quais podem ser valorativas (significação do trabalho a partir da percepção de como o mesmo deveria ser) e descritivas (de como realmente é). Poucas ainda são as pesquisas sobre trabalhadores da limpeza urbana e coleta de resíduos sólidos, e as existentes foram realizadas com instrumentos abertos, devido à dificuldade da coleta com pessoas de baixa escolaridade. Objetivou-se compreender do significado do trabalho para 358 agentes de limpeza e coletores de uma empresa terceirizada de Aracaju/SE, a partir do levantamento e hierarquia dos fatores descritivos e valorativos e da centralidade. Foi utilizado o Inventário do Significado do Trabalho, validado no Brasil, além de questão sobre centralidade do trabalho e dados sócio-demográficos. A amostra foi composta por trabalhadores do sexo masculino (92,2%), ensino fundamental incompleto (64,0%), casado/união estável (52,2%), de 1 a 3 filhos (58,1%), em média: 33 anos (DP=9,60), 34,82 meses de empresa (DP=42,52) e renda individual de R$617,03 (DP=R$141,13). Os dados foram submetidos a análises estatísticas paramétricas e não-paramétricas e apresentaram como resultados: predominância da função instrumental do trabalho na descrição (FD3 Sobrevivência Pessoal e Familiar) e na valoração (FV5 Sobrevivência Pessoal e Familiar) do significado do trabalho para a amostra geral (FD3=4,34 e FV5=4,51) e para a subamostra de agentes de limpeza (FD3=4,34 e FV5=4,53). Vivência de justiça no trabalho (FD2=3,36) mostrou-se menor que deveria ser (FV2=4,59) para todos os sujeitos. A centralidade do trabalho (11,7%) apresentou-se menor do que a centralidade da família (79,6%). Acredita-se que a amostra, as mudanças no mundo do trabalho e o lapso temporal entre as pesquisas que originou o IST e esta contribuíram para a inconsistência de um fator para a amostra geral. O estudo cada vez mais aprofundado do significado do trabalho e seus instrumentos, especialmente para esses trabalhadores, dos quais cada vez mais dependem a saúde e o bem-estar de todos, possibilita ações mais eficazes na gestão organizacional e favorece melhorias na qualidade de vida no trabalho, na saúde do trabalhador, na produtividade e no desempenho.
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SOLET, DAVID. "EXPOSURE TO PERCHLOROETHYLENE AND RENAL DYSFUNCTION IN DRY CLEANING WORKERS." 1989. http://books.google.com/books?id=5dw9AAAAMAAJ.
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Lee, Yi-Hsiu, and 李宜修. "「I’m not a cleaning lady!」:An interpretive interactionism study of The Taipei Home Care Workers." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19691307822599522335.
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碩士<br>國立陽明大學<br>衛生福利研究所<br>96<br>The aim of this study is to explore the subjective interpretation between the home care workers’ life experience and home care work with the interpretive interactionism approach which is developed by Denzin(1989). I captured three experienced home care workers’ life stories and tried to identify the major turning points from their life stories under the broader social context.
Three women in home care work involved in this study. The in-depth interview method is adopted to collect data, and interpretive interactionism method as my framework is used to do data analysis. The four dimensions of their subjective experiences are included: their family life experience, their marriage ,their on-the-job working experience, and the experience of being home care worker.
The results of this research are following:
1. The poverty and inequity of gender are main factors that make these women in an inferior position of the labour market. These women’s career are more interrupted than men by their sacrifice to family and the social expectation of their motherhoods, which results in less accumulated working experiences. The women with low educational level and low skills could only enter the secondary labour market and do the low skill jobs. Home care work is one of the better jobs that these women can choose in the inferior employment opportunities.
2. These women identify themselves as helpers, junior generations, and professional workers when they provide home care service to the disabled elderly.
(1) Helpers: The women’s stories show that they take the home care work not only a job, but also a mutual help among people.
(2) Junior generations: The women reverse the lower social status of the home care work by identifying themselves as junior generations to these elderly who receive the home care service. Furthermore, by identifying themselves as junior generations, they successfully convert the poor women image that the poor women have to do the lower jobs just for making money. They also break the gaps of the different gender between the recipients and service providers.
(3) Professional workers: They think that every elderly is unique. So that makes the workers have to use different working techniques and working knowledge to meet the needs and demands from clients in the caring process.
3. They try their best to maintain the caring relationships with the clients on the basis of mutual trusts when they enter the formal caring system and provide paid caring services, Therefore they can feel the positive feedback from the elderly whom they care of. And they can reframe their value in doing home care work..
The conclusion of this study shows that the design of the community caring policy with the lower caring costs that underestimate the value of those home care work. These women’s invisible works in the caring process are excluded from counting the cost of caring work such as building the mutual trust relationship with the elderly, employing the different techniques and knowledge to complete their service, and providing the elderly emotional supports. These women’s work should be visible and get the reasonable workfare as feedback to maintain the qualities of home care service.
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Weng, Wei-Chun, and 翁維君. "Effects of tool use and working height on workers’ physical workload in vertical cleaning tasks." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n5chbz.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>工業工程與管理系碩士班<br>105<br>Work-related musculoskeletal disorder is one of the leading causes of loss in work ability and productivity. This type of diseases are mostly caused by repetitive movement, high force exertion, or poor working posture. Previous studies have shown that cleaners are high risk groups with musculoskeletal injuries. However, most studies have been focused on cleaning horizontal surfaces, such as floors, and relatively few studies have been focused on cleaning vertical walls or windows. Therefore, this study use a projector to project superimposed images onto surfaces of 4 WiiFit balance boards as visual feedback for subjects while performing the experiment. The WiiFit board position was adjusted to simulate three different erect surface elevations (L：0~51 cm, M：80～131 cm, H：170～221 cm). Subjects were asked to use a rag and a long-handle tool to simulate cleaning operations on the board surfaces of 3 different heights, respectively. The WiiFit boards continuously measured exertion forces and center of resultant force of each participant, sending the measured data to a computer via Bluetooth. The computer then controlled the projector to project color image onto the board surfaces to provide visual feedback. The images, originally grey, turned whiter as the computer program continuously read in data and translated force magnitude into color depth and superimposed its “magnitude” onto the corresponding board location. The images finally turned green when the entire region reached the force setting level.
The experimental data collected from 30 subjects (15 male and 15 female) included WiiFit board force, heart rate, EMG(extensor digitorum communi, triceps, deltoid, and trapezius), subjective workload, and tool preference. The results showed that most subjects (76.7%) preferred to use a long-handled tool at working height H. When using a rag, the subjects’ dominant hand triceps, deltoid and trapezius muscle EMG intensities at the working height H are the largest of all assignments, each muscle with an average 50%ile EMG intensity exceeding 30%MVC. In contrast, the lowest workload occurred at working height M with 70% subjects preferring to use a rag. It is difficult to tell subjects’ preference of tool use at working height L. It is likely because additional costs must be paid to poor postures or increasing forces either for a rag use or a long-handle tool use at working height L.
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Castro, Margarida Santos Jesus de. "Conservation of urban art : coatings and green cleaning methods for vandalized urban art murals in Italy and Portugal." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33610.
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This research focuses on methodologies for intervention in urban art murals made with aerosol paints. The dissertation is divided into two blocks of research that complement each other based on the YOCOCU’s mural art conservation experience. The first block reports the research on protective coatings, in order to prevent the action of vandalism in aerosol inks, such as the accelerated deterioration of the original constituents in a mural work. Coatings selected for tests were those usually used for built heritage and considered anti-graffiti. To evaluate the performance of these coatings on various paints, analytical tests such as OM, SEM/EDS and colorimetric analyses have been performed. SEM/EDS and OM results showed that vandalized inks with coatings didn’t penetrate into the chromatic layers or were altered with the vandalism simulation. Colorimetric valuesregistration in paints with coatings over four months however shows alterations in all of the selected paints. The second block focuses on solutions for cleaning murals that have been subjected to vandalism. A green methodology was tested where combinations of solvents of low toxicity were chosen. These were selected under the criteria of being not harmful to the artwork, the operator and the environment. The mixtures tested were designed under the J.P. Teas system, with control of the forces of dispersion (fd), polar (fp) and hydrogen (fh), to help define the best method of intervention in the removal of vandalism without damaging the underlying chromatic layers. Results have shown that several solvent mixtures are needed, for specific scenarios depending on the thickness of the vandalic layer, binder of the ink and the operator control. The best protective coating and solutions were selected within various commercial paints and applied in a case study of an artwork in Porto. “Virtus”, a mural by Hazul was selected for case study. This work presented several pathologies, related with the use of spray paint, vandalism, stickers, permanent marker and a burnt area. It also presented other pathologies of physical and biological origin, therefore an intervention was carried out, aiming the stability and the aesthetic integrity of the artwork, while electing green cleaning methodologies and strategies.
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Mangqalaza, Hlokoma. "The economic worth of domestic workers in South Africa." 2012. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000658.
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M. Tech. Comparative Local Development. Department of Economics<br>This study is a theoretical exploration of what constitutes the economic worth of domestic work in South Africa. Due to the particular conditions of the South African economy, it has been difficult to measure the economic worth of this type of labour. Domestic work was performed by housewives, but now women in South Africa seek employment in domestic labour for economic survival. This study will explore the factors which determine the value of domestic labour in the South African economy today. Though domestic employment is undervalued it contributes vastly to the formal sector directly or indirectly. Domestic workers have experienced a specific type of economic exploitation as their labour is perceived to carry low economic value because no formal training is required for domestic labour. In South Africa, government has enforced legislation that governs and protects domestic workers. This however may still not be enough to fundamentally alter the conditions of domestic work in South Africa and this study may provide a framework for a future exploration of the rationale for changing the conditions of work in this sector.
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Wu, Hsien-ming, and 吳賢明. "A Comparison Study on the Safety Culture Assessment of Urban and Rural Waste Cleaning Team." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29494095064030449321.
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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>環境與安全衛生工程研究所<br>100<br>Abstract
The work of the district cleaners of Kaohsiung city included road cleaning, ditch cleaning, environmental disinfection, water manure cleaning, cleaning of large-sized furniture or garbage, recycling of resources and kitchen waste, etc. The work is heavy and need to harmony with the work schedule of people in the early morning or deep night, especially for the restored work after a disaster in the short time. In order to complete cleaning work, the large-sized machines and tools, vehicles, and facilities is necessary. The working environment is a open space and contains a lot of unsafe factors. Many accident-based casualties are likely to affect the cleaners in regard to their negligence in carrying out operations or using machinery facilities. It is also possible that, for convenience or due to deficient recognition of the “operation safety”, cleaners will more frequently suffer from accidents.
Before the combination of Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City, the district cleaners are to be responsible for the garbage cleaning work and also less to do the other cleaning work. On the other hand, the city cleaners not only have the garbage cleaning work, but also deal with the work of road cleaning, ditch cleaning, and environmental disinfection. The duty is exact and heavy.
This study focuses on the safety culture assessment of urban and rural clearance organization after the combination of county and city. The safety culture scale has been established. The safety culture scale covers seven dimensions, and the samples come from the members of the urban and rural clearance unit of Kaohsiung City. The safety management effective index construct was built in accordance with the seven safety dimensions: Safety Commitment(SA), Safety Involvement(SI), Safety Training(ST), Safety Attitude(SA), Communication & Reporting(CR), Leadership & Supervision(LS), and Environment & Equipment(EE). The seven safety dimensions is to investigate the different of the safety culture assessment of urban and rural, and takes a appropriate action to decrease the accidents and upgrade the image of public sector.
The results of the study show that the whole safety culture dimension of rural clearance is better than urban. It might be the safety action easy to reach the propaganda effect due to the lesser members and duties. It also shows that higher age, lower level of education, and higher service period has less safety culture knowledge. The staff’s knowledge of the safety culture is higher than the worker’s and the temporary worker’s is higher than worker’s.
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Lung, Yao-Tsung, and 龍耀宗. "A Study on Certificate Cognition and Entrepreneur Intention of Home Cleaning Industry Workers - Case of Mommyhappy House Service Company." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uj835u.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>管理學院高階經營碩士學程在職專班<br>106<br>The study would explore the factors influencing the house cleaning service
employees of Mommyhappy House Service Company in entrepreneurship of the cleaning
service industry. Population ageing would increase the need of house cleaning service,
and the cleaning service industry have more opportunities to expand its market. The house
cleaning service employees of Mommyhappy House Service Company who have high
motivation to increase their incomes would more likely to be an entrepreneur of the
cleaning service industry. However, the labor market in Taiwan has suffered significant
decline in the decade, and the home cleaning industry has had the issue of the labor
shortage. The home cleaning industry in Taiwan has not had credible professional
certification agency to evaluate the qualifications of house cleaning service employees.
The quality of employees in the market is uneven, and some evaluations of house cleaning
service have not had the positive feedback from service clients, and the cleaning service
industry has significant challenges in the upgrading industries. This study suggests that
the training of professional skill is the main requirement of the certification of cleaning
service, and the resource-assisted platform is important to entrepreneurship of the
cleaning service industry.
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Hlangoti, Nobuhle Dambile. "Analysing the impact of collective bargaining in an industry where workers have low bargaining power: case study of the KZN contract cleaning industry." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26269.
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Research report submitted to the University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree in of Master of Art in : industrial and economic sociology in the department of sociology<br>The aim of this research report is to investigate the impact of collective bargaining in an industry where workers have low bargaining power. It seeks to understand what collective bargaining has been able to achieve for workers in the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) contract cleaning industry. Contract cleaning is one of the most precarious and poorly organised sectors in South Africa. Scholars contend that contract cleaning has re-introduced one of the many aspects that characterised the apartheid workplace. In investigating how collective bargaining has impacted contract cleaners and their view of the labour relationship, the history of the industrial relations system and the mechanisms that regulate the contract cleaning sector (sectoral determination and collective bargaining) are considered. Debates surrounding the usefulness of collective bargaining in the current industrial relations system and the operation of this mechanism in a triangular employment relationship are discussed. Though references are made to the sectoral determination for contract cleaning, the focus of the research report is on collective bargaining.
The data for this research was collected using both primary and secondary sources. In relation to the former, interviews were conducted with officials of the bargaining council and trade unions. Interviews were also conducted with workers in the KZN contract cleaning industry. In relation to the latter, documentary data that was relevant to the research topic, such as the KZN contract cleaning main agreement, the Decent Work Programme and legislation, was examined.
The findings of this study demonstrate that workers in the KZN contract cleaning industry lack voice and cannot have meaningful inputs in the workplace. A representation gap exists that is exacerbated by the division between unions. The implications of this situation are that wages are lower than those prescribed by the sectoral determination, the non-compliance of firms becomes a prevalent issue and strike action becomes inefficient. With the continuous labour unrest in the current industrial relations system in South Africa it is apparent that the current labour legislation has not able to protect precarious workers found in new forms of employment<br>GR2019