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Zvjagintseva, M. M. "UTOPIC IDEAS IN RUSSIAN ARCHTECTURE IN CULTURAL ASPECT." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 21, no. 4 (2017): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2017-21-4-32-38.
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Utopia is one of the most stable archetypical cultural concepts because it reflects the mankind’s desire to improve their world, find a better way of social organization and return to the paradise lost. The idea of the “general welfare domain” had been present in myths and religions of different peoples long before the term “Utopia” appeared as such. Utopian ideals were extremely typical of the European culture due to its extroversion and the aspiration for a more rational existence. Utopia demonstrates a number of very typical features including commonality, special isolation, timelessness (absence of historical times), autarchy (self-sufficiency, independence from the outer world, etc. including the separation from people), urbanism, regimentation and globality. Since XVI-XVII centuries the image of an ideal society has shaped as a city on an island. As a city quite often looks like an ideally transformable space, architectural Utopia plays a very specific role: it personifies the social Utopia. City-planning interpretation of Thomas Moor’s ideas presented a big interest for his contemporaries. Later there were many projects of “ideal” cities that were developed by Italian Renaissance architects. The XVIII century was marked by the appearance of Utopian socialist philosophy. A part of its supporters used to think that metropolitan cities could make a sound foundation for the development of industrial civilization, others advocated the networks of small independent communities. In Russia the first belletristic Utopias appeared in the XVIII century. They continued West-European traditions and preserved all traits of a classical Utopia, however, they acquired national color. All of them pictured an ideal future society that was embodied in new city types. Russian architectural Utopias are closely connected with social processes that predetermined the development of European culture in general. National Utopian architecture had its prime time after the revolution when architects got opportunities to implement their bold ideas
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Mazour-Matusevitch, Yelena. "Thomas More’s Utopia, Gilbert Burnet and Peter the Great." Moreana 51 (Number 197-, no. 3-4 (2014): 211–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2014.51.3-4.12.
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The article presents a hypothesis concerning a possible connection between Thomas More’s Utopia and the conception of the Russian city of St. Petersburg. The study’s premise is that More’s utopian model might be at least indirectly responsible for Peter the Great’s familiarity, although relative and limited, with Plato’s concept of an ideal city, acquired during the tsar’s prolonged interaction with Utopia’s English translator Gilbert Burnet in 1698 in England. The study focuses in particular on one component of Plato’s utopian model—the idea of an invisible state machine and its adaptation by Thomas More, Gilbert Burnet, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz and Peter the Great.
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Brisson, Luc. "Plato’s Political Writings: a Utopia?" Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 37, no. 3 (2020): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340291.
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Abstract Thomas More’s 1516 Utopia describes a ‘fictitious’ republic on an imaginary island, and draws heavily on ancient political ideas. This paper explores the difficulties of applying the term ‘utopia’ to Plato’s political thinking, given that More’s term is anachronistically applied to ancient texts. The projects of the Republic and Laws should not be interpreted as ‘utopian’, but as blueprints for a foundation such as a new city, rather than as imagined ideal cities after More’s model. Support for Plato’s practical involvement in matters of political foundation is drawn from the Seventh Letter. The Republic and the Laws are discussed not as utopias, but political manifestos. The political context in which Plato lived, and his objectives, gives his political writings a wholly different dimension. The goal of the Republic and the Laws is not to describe unrealizable constitutions, but to exchange the Athenian constitution of Plato’s time for another.
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Fedak, A. "A VISION OF AN IDEAL WORLD: FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT'S «BROADACRE CITY» CONCEPT." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 5, no. 2 (2023): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2023.02.176.
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In the first half of the 20th century, architects and urban planners actively sought alternative models of urban life, sought to rethink the anthropogenic environment. American architect F. Lloyd Wright proposed the «Broadacre City» concept, which was described in his book «The Disappearing City». This concept is a reflection of the author's utopian vision of improving the social system, ensuring the equality of citizens and moving away from overpopulated cities. The aim of this article is: to determine the main characteristics of F. Lloyd Wright's utopian concept «Broadacre city»; to highlight the architectural features of various types of buildings and structures; to compare his work with the works of utopians who could have an influence on the concept. F. Lloyd Wright proposes to give each citizen of the country a plot of 1 acre for housing and farming, and the rest of the territory to be evenly distributed among public buildings and structures, namely: airfields, power plants, hotels, offices, farms, factories, hospitals, public centers, schools and universities, shopping and entertainment centers and gas stations. The article highlighted the leading signs that demonstrate the utopian nature of the concept, namely: the presence of features of transcendentalism, egalitarianism, economic self-sufficiency of the proposed urban formations, decentralization and adaptability and flexibility of urban planning solutions. F. Lloyd Wright's work is compared with the works of utopians who could influence the concept of «Broadacre city»: R. Owen, S. Fourier, E. Cabet, E. Bellamy, W. Morris, E. Howard. This demonstrates that nominally this concept has all the features of a utopia, except for those that are not considered characteristic of architectural and urban development, namely: there is no clearly defined political ideology, no prediction of the behavioral habits of the inhabitants, and no carefully developed economic system.
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Olcese, Gianluca. "The Dialectics of Utopia and Non-Places: The Shadow of the Ideal City." Quaestiones Oralitatis 7 (June 6, 2025): 71–99. https://doi.org/10.19195/151417.
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This article delves into the intricate dialectic between utopian aspirations and the stark realities of contemporary urban environments, labelled as ‘non-places’. It explores historical and philosophical conceptions of the ideal city, tracing back to Plato’s Republic and Thomas More’s Utopia, and examines how these visions contrast with the dystopian realities presented in modern literature and urban studies. Through the lens of Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities and Marc Augé’s analysis of non-places, the article reveals the multifaceted nature of cities as both centres of cultural imagination and arenas of modern anonymity. The discussion extends to the economic aspects influencing urban life, highlighting how monetary dynamics shape urban spaces and societal interactions within them. The article offers a critical reflection on the paradoxes of urban development, questioning the feasibility of utopian ideals in the face of growing urbanization and its associated challenges.
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Fedak, A. Y., and S. M. Linda. "The concept of sustainability of the urban realm and community as the key feature of the utopia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1049, no. 1 (2022): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1049/1/012081.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the topic of sustainability as a key basis for the formation of utopia on the example of the work of utopians (architects, politicians, etc.) in the historical context, and to compare their approaches to environmentalism with those prevalent and implemented today. The authors identify three conditional periods of utopia formation from the point of view of urban planning, which clearly demonstrate the shift in the approach to solving relevant problems, namely: spreading the idea of an ideal city (on the example of Franciscus Patricius, Ludovico Zuccolo); rejection of the city as a desirable model of human settlement and an attempt to return to nature (works by William Dean Howells, William Morris, Anatole France); a period of active implementation of environmental technologies in projects since the early 20th century (the work by Ernest Callenbach).
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SANAL, Yasemin. "İDEAL TOPLUMDA KADIN: UTOPIA VE THE CITY OF THE SUN." Journal of Academic Social Sciences 69, no. 69 (2018): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.16992/asos.13641.
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Schuman, Tony. "Utopia Spurned: Ricardo Bofill and the French Ideal City Tradition." Journal of Architectural Education (1984-) 40, no. 1 (1986): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1424844.
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Schuman, Tony. "Utopia Spurned: Ricardo Bofill and the French Ideal City Tradition." Journal of Architectural Education 40, no. 1 (1986): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10464883.1986.11102651.
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Vujošević, Tijana. "Frank Lloyd Wright, Ayn Rand and hyper-capitalist utopia." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 6, no. 3 (2014): 196–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1402196v.
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This paper is a parallel reading of Frank Lloyd Wright's treatise Disappearing City and Ayn Rand's novel The Fountainhead. The author explores the rhetoric of anti-urban utopias of the Depression-era inspired by the myth of the American pioneer and the conquest of the frontier. She identifies three characteristics of Wright and Rand's anti-urban constructs: the celebration of virility, the denial of political engagement and anti-intellectualism, all combined in the dream of primordial, ideal capitalism. What are the contradictions and inconsistencies inherent in building an anti-urban utopia? This is the question this paper intends to answer.
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ТРУБЕЦКАЯ, А. Ю. "State cultural policy in ideal state concepts of Thomas More and Tommaso Campanella." Социально-гуманитарные знания, no. 3 (July 12, 2022): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.34823/sgz.2022.3.51826.
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В статье предпринята попытка теоретического моделирования государственной культурной политики в утопиях Томаса Мора и Томмазо Кампанелла. Рассматриваются пространство ценности и цели, а также механизмы реализации культурной политики, нашедшие отражение в «Утопии» и «Городе Солнца». Ключевые характеристики самих государств и роли культуры в них сравниваются с моделью идеального государства Платона. The article attempts to theoretically model the state cultural policy in the utopias of Thomas More and Tommaso Campanella. The space of values and goals, as well as mechanisms for the implementation of cultural policy, reflected in the «Utopia» and «City of the Sun» are considered. The key characteristics of the states themselves and the role of culture in them are compared with Plato's model of the ideal state.
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Fedak, A. "CITY-STATE IN THE TREATISE BY J. V. ANDREAE: A VISION OF HARMONY AND ORDER." Scientific Bulletin of Building, no. 110 (June 27, 2024): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2311-7257.2024.110.1.4.
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The article highlights the features of the architecture and urban planning structure of the utopian city-state described by the German theologian Johannes Valentinus Andrea in the treatise «Description of the Republic of Christianopolis» which was written in 1619. The aim of this article is a detailed analysis and graphic reproduction of the urban planning and architectural features of the utopian city described by J. V. Andreae. One of the tasks is to compare the structure of the city-state he recreated with the layout of the utopian settlements of T. More, T. Campanella and A. F. Doni, as those written in approximately the same period and depicting utopian states located on remote islands. Republic of Christianopolis is built in the shape of a perfect square, symbolizing order and rationality. Each side of the city is of equal length, and all the streets are laid out to form a regular, neat grid. In the center of the city there is a large square with a temple. This temple serves as the spiritual and civic nucleus of the city, underscoring the significance of religion and communal life in a utopian society. The city-state is divided into different zones according to their functional purpose. There are separate plots for residential buildings, administrative buildings, scientific institutes and agricultural areas. Such planning reflects a desire for efficiency and organization. Residential buildings are organized in such a way that each family has adequate housing with sufficient space for comfortable living. Gardens are located around the houses, which helps to create a public space for communication and interaction between residents. Despite the utopian nature of the society, the city has defensive structures such as walls and towers, which indicate a desire to protect the city from external threats. The article depicts a schematic general plan of the city of Christianopolis, conventional plans and sections of buildings. A review of the urban design features in J.V. Andreae's utopia compared to those in the works by T. More, A. F. Doni, and T. Campanella reveals common tendencies typical for that era, such as the ideal city shape, a preference for symmetry and centralized planning. It should be highlighted that in the treatise «Description of the Republic of Christianopolis», there is a more distinct zoning of areas and division of the population. J. V. Andrea created a utopian society where scientific knowledge and Christian faith are harmoniously combined. Christianopolis is depicted as a place where education and spirituality are integrated, reflecting the ideals of its era and the pursuit of knowledge. Keywords: utopia, symmetrical planning, urban structure, city fortifications, residential buildings.
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Rossi, Ugo. "Paradise Lost. From Eutopia to Atopia." Proceedings of the International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism-ICCAUA 7, no. 1 (2024): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2024en0241.
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At the origin of every architectural and city project, there is a nostalgia for Paradise or the aspiration to build this wonderfulplace we have lost. Visions, architecture and city projects are necessarily prophetic images in search of a happy life onEarth. Every proposal for the city, every project, and every plan is a Utopia, an ideal place which aspires to become Eutopia.However, given the many visions and proposals, we can ask ourselves whether these Utopias have fulfilled their promiseto achieve a good place or are dystopias. In light of this unknown factor, this paper intends to reflect on some visions andproposals of the city. Some of them constitute the foundations of urban planning – like Howar’s Garden City, Wright’sBroadacre City, Le Corbusier’s Radiant City, the functional city of CIAM – others, elaborated by Erwin Anton Gutkind, IannisXenakis, Constantinos Doxiadis, Takis Zenetos, originated from different assumptions, deluding themselves that they aresolving the problems of the contemporary city or represent its last frontier, such as the Smart City.
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D’Autilia, Roberto, and Marco Spada. "Shaping ideal cities: The graph representation of the urban utopia." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 3 (2017): 423–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317716163.
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The ideal Renaissance city is designed as a star-shaped fortress, where the streets and squares are organized to speed the movement of people and soldiers. Symmetry and accessibility represent the key features for the organization of the urban space. The resulting city is hierarchized and does not always guarantee an optimal degree of connectivity. Starting from the space syntax definition, we suggest a method to compute urban graphs from the Euclidean representation, the corresponding line graph and the contraction of nodes with the same urban function. We analyze the urban graphs of five historic cities and compare the analysis with the corresponding results from space syntax. Analysis of the spectral gap and the relative asymmetry distribution show a similar structure for these cities. The irregular or reticular housing structure seems to ensure connectivity and accessibility more than the regular grids. However, connectivity is ensured by the most peripheral streets, which in the space syntax representation play a marginal role.
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Lillo, Santiago, and Pedro Molina-Siles. "The Imagined City. Futurism, Utopia and Archigram." EGE-Expresión Gráfica en la Edificación, no. 21 (December 31, 2024): 103–18. https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2024.22168.
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Starting from established fundamental principles such as rigidity, stability and durability, both Futurist and Archigram architecture claimed, founded on the economic, social and cultural changes of their time, new housing alternatives based on mobility, flexibility, adaptation and obsolescence. The main aim of this study is to reveal the links established between two conceptions of architecture which, despite having very different formal aspects, share a fundamental common characteristic: they both belong to an imagined, even dreamlike, world rather than a real world, and represent the ideal vision of their particular notion of the city of tomorrow. By contrasting the main manifestos of futurist architecture with the most representative projects imagined by the members of the Archigram group, this article aims to demonstrate to what extent the development of technology and mass culture, on the rise since the second half of the 20th century, would provide the Archigram movement with the necessary tools to give continuity to the futurist ideology using a contemporary, sensationalist and provocative language.
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Sukhikh, Ol'ga Stanislavovna. "Utopia and Dystopia as Two Facets of Artistic Reality in V. P. Krapivin's novel "Green's Ampoule"." Litera, no. 9 (September 2022): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.38832.
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The object of literary analysis in this article is V. P. Krapivin's novel "Green's Ampoule", the subject of the study is the features of utopia and dystopia in the artistic world of this work. Its genre nature is complex and multifaceted, but the signs of utopia and dystopia, from the point of view of the author of the work, are clearly visible in the text. The study of social and moral-philosophical issues characteristic of the genres mentioned above is being conducted. The author also analyzes the features of the poetics of this work, which work to create images of dystopian and utopian worlds. The method of holistic analysis helps to identify the relationship between two toposes: Empire and the city of Insom – and features of two genres: dystopia and utopia. The study of these genre components of "Ampoule Green" is conducted for the first time and allows us to come to the following conclusions. The image of the Empire, which is associated with the dystopian component of the novel, is the embodiment of totalitarianism, and the life of this country is marked by a deep contradiction of the interests of the individual and the state. The image of the Free City of Insk bears the features of utopia. Describing his life, the author uses the technique of breaking expectations. The assumptions of the reader and the hero playing the role of a traveler in a utopian world are motivated by patterns typical of a society that is far from ideal, and they are refuted by the reality of Insk, where goodness and harmony reign in human relations. It is not by chance that the novel presents the hypothesis that Insk arose from the materialized fantasy of children. If the image of the Empire has the features of the world of the beginning of the XXI century, when the novel was created, then the image of Insk is replete with details related to the past. It is natural to assume that dystopian features for the author are embodied in the present, and utopian – in the past, in the memories and impressions of childhood, that is, the world of adulthood is represented as dystopian, and the world of childhood is represented as utopian.
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Frank, Andrea. "Humanist Guillaume Budé’s artful rhetoric: responding in kind to Utopia." Moreana 54 (Number 208), no. 2 (2017): 204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2017.0021.
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Guillaume Budé’s prefatory letter to More's Utopia was prominently placed by Erasmus and More. Beneath the letter's disorienting qualities, Budé engages key ideas of Utopia, among them justice, law and lawyers, the “gadfly” of avarice and other sources of political discord, and Christianity and government. Budé’s rhetoric is subtly evocative, particularly in his irony, juxtaposition, and wealth of classical allusions, through which he indicates education of citizens and engaging rhetoric are means toward right government, the pursuit of “Hagnopolis”—an Augustinian Holy City—and ultimately demonstrates the truth, impossibility, and importance of the Utopian isle.
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Yusof, Norhafezah, and Joost van Loon. "Engineering a Global City." Space and Culture 15, no. 4 (2012): 298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331212453676.
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This research concerns the Malaysian Multimedia Super Corridor project. Part of the project is a construction of a future intelligent city named Cyberjaya. This is a utopian city. The dream encompasses constructing working and living spaces for information communication technology professionals and experts from all over the world. Based on an ethnographic approach, this article seeks to explore what happens when utopian ideas are implemented. That is, rather than testing whether or not the dream has become true, the authors investigate the “materiality” of dreamwork in the development of a “planned city.” They show that the utopian globalized information communication technology city is built on the principles of zoning, sterility, and security. These principles are at the core of engineering a global community of knowledge workers. The authors argue that the ordering of this particular version of utopia—discursively anchored in a specific hybridization of (hyper)modernity, Malaysian culture, and Islam—has resulted in a proliferation of “non-places” that inhibit binding associations and thus prevent the development of a sense of “belonging.”
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Sari, Yessi Ratna, and Genta Iverstika Gempita. "The Manifestation of Classism in the Astro Boy Animation." Lingua Susastra 1, no. 2 (2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ls.v1i2.15.
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Utopia is an appropriate word to describe about the ideal, worthy, and perfect life depicted in a city called Metro City in the Astro Boy animation. This study examines the animation movie Astro Boy and how the world that is being told in the works could be defined as Utopian world like it is being described through the movie. The purpose of this study is to proof whether the setting successfully conveyed the Utopian world or whether it still has some deficiency as Utopian is known as impossibly perfect world to be created. The corpus of this study is the movie of Astro Boy focuses on the setting and relationship between human kind and robots. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method which describes social phenomena by conducting in-depth understanding and analysis. The aims of this research is to analyze more deeply the picture contained in the animation, which shows how humans and robots are able to create a new world also coexist. Moreover, the conceptual framework that will be use is the theory of Capitalism and Classism in order to examine the setting of Utopian world.
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Sari, Yessi Ratna, and Genta Iverstika Gempita. "The Manifestation of Classism in the Astro Boy Animation." Lingua Susastra 1, no. 2 (2021): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ls.v1i2.15.
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Utopia is an appropriate word to describe about the ideal, worthy, and perfect life depicted in a city called Metro City in the Astro Boy animation. This study examines the animation movie Astro Boy and how the world that is being told in the works could be defined as Utopian world like it is being described through the movie. The purpose of this study is to proof whether the setting successfully conveyed the Utopian world or whether it still has some deficiency as Utopian is known as impossibly perfect world to be created. The corpus of this study is the movie of Astro Boy focuses on the setting and relationship between human kind and robots. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method which describes social phenomena by conducting in-depth understanding and analysis. The aims of this research is to analyze more deeply the picture contained in the animation, which shows how humans and robots are able to create a new world also coexist. Moreover, the conceptual framework that will be use is the theory of Capitalism and Classism in order to examine the setting of Utopian world.
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De Biase, Claudia, and Bianca Petrella. "Residential neighbourhoods: utopia and sustainability." Resourceedings 2, no. 3 (2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i3.621.
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Urban planning is the science that, at different scales, deals with the organization of territories; the goal is to allow the community to carry out the different activities of urban and territorial life.Since the beginning of time, people had to give themselves rules of coexistence, including the rules for use of all public areas. Therefore, in other words, before we had the modern urban planning discipline, people have always practiced urban planning, both spontaneously and applying theories but also working off utopias.After recalling the foundation cities of ancient history, the production of ideal urban models and cities built in the Fascist period, this contribution focuses on the “foundation of the city in the city”, or the “invention” of the neighborhood residential and, in particular, the Italian economic and popular housing neighborhood.The foundation of the new residential areas, that is, of “small cities” realized ex-novo, triggers, inter alia, the break with the historic city and the new process of urban expansion and establishes the concept of suburbs.The case studies examined in the Italian production of Edilizia Residenziale Pubblica –ERP (i.e., Public Residential Housing) neighborhood and, more recently, of the requalification and recovery interventions that concerned them, are also addressed in terms of neighborhood, comparing them to international case studies. In particular, we explore the dimensions of sustainable development, capable of effectively activating both natural capital and functional and social mixité.
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Марков, Р. С., В. Ю. Копаница, А. И. Козлова, К. К. Куракина, Д. В. Маликова, and М. К. Рыжкова. "Municipal utopias: citizens' ideas about the ideal management of a locality." Russian Economic Bulletin 7, no. 4 (2024): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2658-5286-2024-7-4-35-42.
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в данной статье исследуется концепция идеального управления городом или поселком в контексте современных урбанистических теорий и практик. Проанализировано историческое развитие утопических идей и их влияние на формирование градостроительных концепций, включая классические утопии Платона и Т. Мора, советские подходы к организации городского пространства и современные проекты, такие как «Умный город» и «Цифровой муниципалитет». Основное внимание уделено представлениям российских граждан об идеальном муниципальном управлении, которые выражаются в требованиях к прозрачности административной деятельности, доступности услуг и социальной справедливости. Отмечается, что успешное муниципальное управление зависит от взаимодействия между органами местного самоуправления и гражданами, при этом эффективное управление подразумевает активное участие населения в процессах принятия решений и обратную связь органов власти и должностных лиц. Исследована роль современных технологий в реализации муниципальных утопий, показаны значительные возможности информатизации и цифровизации для повышения качества жизни и эффективности городского управления. Примеры успешной реализации утопических идей в российских городах указывают на потенциал таких проектов в решении актуальных проблем муниципалитетов. Сделан вывод о целесообразности дальнейшего развития теоретических подходов и практических решений в области муниципального управления для создания идеального общественного уклада, отвечающего потребностям и ожиданиям жителей населенных пунктов. this article explores the concept of ideal city or town management in the context of modern urban theories and practices. The historical development of utopian ideas and their influence on the formation of urban planning concepts, including the classical utopias of Plato and T. Mohr, Soviet approaches to the organization of urban space and modern projects such as "Smart City" and "Digital Municipality", are analyzed. The main attention is paid to the ideas of Russian citizens about ideal municipal governance, which are expressed in the requirements for transparency of administrative activities, accessibility of services and social justice. It is noted that successful municipal management depends on the interaction between local governments and citizens, while effective management implies active participation of the population in decision-making processes and feedback from authorities and officials. The role of modern technologies in the implementation of municipal utopias is investigated, significant possibilities of informatization and digitalization for improving the quality of life and efficiency of urban management are shown. Examples of successful implementation of utopian ideas in Russian cities indicate the potential of such projects in solving urgent problems of municipalities. The conclusion is made about the expediency of further development of theoretical approaches and practical solutions in the field of municipal management to create an ideal social structure that meets the needs and expectations of residents of settlements.
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Ocheretyany, Konstantin A. "“Crystal Bodies” of Leonardo da Vinci: Towards an Epistemology of Speculative Interfaces of the Renaissance." Corpus Mundi 5, no. 1 (2024): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/cmj.v5i1.90.
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Modern graphical interfaces define the user's experience according to various metaphorical spectra – bringing it closer to bureaucratic, then to ritualistic, then to magical interactions over reality. The article suggests a view according to which the basis of this metaphor lies in the idea and image of utopia, and the first forms of realization of such utopia by geometric, optical and technical means, taking into account their philosophical, speculative and eidetic orientation belong to the Renaissance. The utopia of such a geometrized and optically verified city is gradually passing into our logic of thinking about speculative cities, possible spaces of life in general, including graphic user interfaces, Leonardo da Vinci's concepts of space, light, physicality, as well as the features of his approach to using the elements to create environments of life are considered in which: 1) technology does not use styles, but is embedded in them; 2) the space of life is organized not by the material embodiment of ideas, but by involvement through geometric and optical effects in the game of ideas, i.e. it is not the visible forms of the city that become important, but the conditions that allow you to see and navigate; 4) the physicality of the utopian optical-geometric project, in its instrumental and behavioral features, becomes the model that subsequent optical media will focus on, up to the invention of the graphical user interface.
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Santas, Gerasimos. "Colloquium 2 Plato on the Good of the City-state in the Republic." Proceedings of the Boston Area Colloquium of Ancient Philosophy 30, no. 1 (2015): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134417-00301p05.
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This paper argues that in Plato’s utopia the good of the ideal city-state is not identical with the good of the citizens, but it is nevertheless not independent of the good of the citizens. And similarly with the happiness of the city-state and the happiness of the citizens in it, something that can be more clearly seen once the happiness of the city and the happiness of the individual are analyzed in terms of the goods appropriate to each. Plato’s principle of social justice distributes such goods proportionately so as to promote the good of the city as a whole. Popper and others have been mostly correct in criticizing Plato for his severe restrictions of various freedoms, but not correct in claiming that Plato’s ideal city-state is an organic super-entity with a good of its own separate and independent of the good of the citizens.
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Baldacchino, Jean-Paul. "Moral geometry, natural alignments and utopian urban form." Thesis Eleven 148, no. 1 (2018): 52–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618800176.
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The city has featured as a central image in utopian thought. In planning the foundation of the new and ideal city there is a close interconnection between ideas about urban form and the vision of the moral good. The spatial structure of the ideal city in these visions is a framing device that embodies and articulates not only political philosophy but is itself an articulation of moral and cosmological systems. This paper analyses three different utopian moments in three different historical epochs – Tommaso Campanella’s City of the Sun (1602), the Choson dynasty foundation of the city of Seoul (1395) and the modernist utopian urbanism of the controversial Le Corbusier (1887–1965). In this analysis attention is drawn to the cosmological and moral visions articulated in these three ‘images of the city’ (Lynch). The opposition between rationalistic/mechanistic and religious/traditional urban design can prove to be an oversimplification that obscures the complex interrelations between the moral geometry and the natural alignments of the ideal urban form.
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ARTEMEVA, Tatiana G., and Anna V. ADONINA. "MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTED URBAN UTOPIA." Urban construction and architecture 10, no. 1 (2020): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2020.01.12.
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The article discusses the role of the social context in the evolution of implemented urban development utopia. The ontological and morphostructural problems of one of the implemented urban development utopias on the example of the city of Togliatti are revealed. It was established that the general plan of the Avtozavodsky district of Tolyatti, which fully met the ideals of the Athenian Charter, came into conflict with the idea of the city as a concentrated environment. It is noted that modern Togliatti is in search of a solution to the problem of the integrity of the urban structure. The conclusion is drawn: overcoming the crisis state of Togliatti lies in the field of generating, including new utopias; integration of existing morphostructures; reinforcing redundant conceptuality of form with contextual content. A new morphological unit is proposed - this is macro frame, which is based on multilevel integration of traffic and pedestrian flows.
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Boeri, Marcelo D. "¿Cuán utópica es la Calípolis de Platón? Reflexiones sobre la "ciudad ideal" y el valor del paradigma en la explicación filosófica." ΠΗΓΗ/FONS 2, no. 1 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/https://doi.org/10.20318/fons.2017.3854.
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Resumen: Uno de los rasgos clave de cualquier proyecto utópico es que no es realizable. Si la ciudad justa platónica es un modelo utópico, no es realizable. Pero Platón afirma que su ciudad es posible. En este artículo argumento que el sentido de “posible” en el que Platón está pensando puede comprenderse mejor si se lo asocia a la tesis de que la ciudad justa de la República es un modelo. Si es un modelo (y si dicho modelo coincide con la Forma de justicia, que puede ejemplificarse en la ciudad empírica), lo que existe en la “realidad” debe ser lo que se aproxima lo más posible al modelo. Esta es la explicación habitual que Platón da cuando relaciona un modelo con su copia: aun cuando el modelo y la copia son hasta cierto punto estructuras simétricas, no son completamente isomórficas. Si lo fueran, un modelo no podría distinguirse de su copia.Palabras clave: Platón, ciudad justa, modelo, utopíaAbstract: One of the key features of any utopian project is that it is not realizable. If the Platonic just city is a utopian model, it is not realizable. But Plato maintains that his city is possible. In this paper I argue that the sense of ‘possible’ Plato is thinking of can be better grasped if it is associated with the view that the just city of the Republic is a model. If it is a model (and if such a model coincides with the Form of justice, which can be instantiated in the empirical city), what exists in ‘reality’ must be what approximates as closely as possible to the model. This is the usual account Plato provides when he relates a model to its copy: even though the model and the copy are to some extent symmetric structures, they are not entirely isomorphic. If they were, a model could not be distinguished from its copy.Keywords: Plato, just city, model, utopia
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Azzuhri, Anggi. "Introducing Al-Farabi’s Political Philosophy to the Modern Politics." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 7, no. 2 (2022): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v7i2.443.
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Al-Farabi categorized cities, the smallest scale of a political association, into four types: the virtuous city, the ignorant city, the wicked city, the diverted city, and the erring city. Al-Farabi terminology indicates that morality is the red-line that differs the nature of each city, although there is no straightforward statement in his treaties. Despite many admirations by later philosophers on Al-Farabi’s political philosophy, his concept is still considered a utopia. Also, it seems that no historical account mentioned any (Islamic) empire, applying Al-Farabi’s ideas on politics. Even Ibn Khaldun criticized Al-Farabi’s concept based on the pragmatic perspective of civilization. However, this fact does not imply the irrelevancy of Al-Farabi’s politics in the practical realm. The question is only regarding what extent Al-Farabi ideas work with politics, particularly modern politics? This study aims to correlate Al-Farabi ideal concept and modern politics. The methodology of this research is qualitative conceptual analysis since the two variables are in the theoretical realm. It can be concluded that Politics in Al-Farabi’s notion strongly connected with Ethics and Morality rather than Authority. An ideal state can actualize through the collective consciousness of true felicity, by which the type of cities is divided. Although Al-Farabi’s political philosophy is quite unapplicable, particularly in the modern age, its role as the highest political principles is undeniable. The essential aspect of Al-Farabi’s political employment in the modern era is his fundamental idea, i.e., ethical society. Establishing an ethical state is more critical than Al-Farabi’s political application entirely.
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Hamlin, Madeleine. "A city within itself: Altgeld Gardens and public housing’s utopia." Journal of Urban Cultural Studies 9, no. 1 (2022): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00047_1.
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Altgeld Gardens is one of Chicago’s last remaining family public housing developments after the city’s large-scale conversion of public housing into mixed-income communities. Located at the far southern edge of the city, the community today is an island of poverty, disconnected from city services, jobs, amenities and even grocery stores. In this article, I draw on architectural plans and historic housing authority documents to demonstrate that Altgeld’s current condition is a far cry from how planners envisioned the community: as nothing short of a utopian housing development capable of supporting workers and their families and indeed, inculcating an ideal, modern citizen that would justify public investment in housing for the poor. Altgeld was, centrally, envisioned as a city for children, a kind of paradise where young, low-income Chicago families could overcome poverty and model respectability. Throughout, I draw upon theories of utopian communities to argue that geographic and social isolation was the precondition for planners’ utopian imaginations, but that isolation has also, ironically, only exacerbated Altgeld’s problems over the decades. Altgeld thus offers an instructive case study, illustrating both the modernist hopes embedded in early public housing plans and their limitations. Unlike its whiter, more affluent suburban counterparts, Altgeld is a case study in what happens when communities are isolated by policy, rather than by choice.
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Schwember, Felipe, and Julia Urabayen. "At the Margins of Ideal Cities: The Dystopian Drift of Modern Utopias." SAGE Open 8, no. 4 (2018): 215824401880313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018803135.
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Contemporary political philosophy has critically reflected on—if not denounced—the theoretical constructions and political enterprises that have been encouraged by modern Utopian tradition. This process of critical reflection has constantly signaled the tension between the emancipatory aspirations of that thought and its dystopian drift. Many authors have highlighted the problems that affect the constitution of those ideal cities. However, this article will be focused on the exclusive and excluding character of those ideal narratives, of those unblemished ideal spaces, of those happy spaces that are, in the end, nonspaces. This article will explain the meanings of the modern utopias taking into account the postmodern point of view that shows the exclusion the modern utopias provoke. At the margins of the ideal cities live all those beings that the utopias have vomited out and expelled from their perfect world: monsters, abnormals, infamous, pariahs, and countryless refugees. Those beings—so well described by Arendt and Foucault, among others—are those who are not part of any ideal city; they are the stones that the builders of the perfect cities have used to build them or have discarded them.
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Palagiano, Cosimo. "City maps: Dreams, Art, Cartography, Planning." Proceedings of the ICA 2 (July 10, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-2-97-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The importance of cities becomes ever greater not only for the modification of the landscape, but also for the distribution of social classes. Poets, philosophers and artists have imagined ideal cities that could satisfy the need for a good quality of life for citizens.</p><p> Since the most ancient civilizations poets and philosophers have imagined ideal cities, with road plots corresponding to the various social classes. In the final text I will describe some examples of ideal cities presented by Homer, especially in the description of the shield of Achilles, from Plato in the description of his Atlantis, etc.</p><p> Atlantis (Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος, "island of Atlas") is a fictional island mentioned in Plato's works <i>Timaeus</i> and <i>Critias</i>, where Plato represents the ideal state imagined in <i>The Republic</i>.</p><p> The city depicted in the Homeric shield of Achilles, as an ideal form, centred and circular, competes with the other city scheme based on an orthogonal plan and linear structures. The form of the Homeric city has exerted a paradigmatic function for other cities in Greece and Rome.</p><p> Among the best known images of ideal cities I will consider the <i>Città del Sole</i> (<i>City of the Sun</i>) by Tommaso Campanella and Utopia by Thomas More.</p><p> There are many books of collection of paintings of cities (G Braun and F Hogenberg, 1966).The most complete and interesting is that of Caspar van Wittel or Gaspar van Wittel (1652 or 1653, Amersfoort &amp;ndash; September 13, 1736, Rome). He was a Dutch painter who played a remarkable role in the development of the <i>veduta</i>. He is credited with turning city topography into a painterly specialism in Italian art (G Briganti, 1996).</p><p> A rich collection of maps of Rome in the books by Amato Pietro Frutaz.</p><p> The city "liquid dimension" represents the complexities and contradictions of civic communities increasingly characterized by fragmentation and social unease.</p>
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IRON, JESSICA. "Staging Reconciliation: Popular Theatre and Political Utopia in France in 1937." Contemporary European History 14, no. 3 (2005): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777305002468.
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This article focuses on two mass spectacles performed in Paris stadiums in 1937, one Catholic and the other Communist, both of which sought to picture the ideal city with the working people at centre stage. By studying these productions in the light of recent research on fascist theatre and politics, and with reference to the debate on ‘modernity’ in interwar France, the article explores the French use of theatre in responding to the aesthetic, political and social challenge of representing the masses. The parallels between these two little-known productions can also be used to illuminate a wider rivalry to orchestrate the masses and to portray them as a united national community.
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Savluchinskaya, A. D. "The utopian dimension of the architectural projects of the Russian avant-garde." Abyss (Studies in Philosophy, Political science and Social anthropology), no. 4(30) (2024): 57–68. https://doi.org/10.33979/2587-7534-2024-4-57-68.
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The article is devoted to the study of utopian ideas realized in the form of urban planning projects of the avant-gardists of 1920-1930. Using the example of six conceptual projects, the author analyzes the general trends of objectification of ideas about a better future during the destruction of the old and the formation of a new world. Exploring the transformation of the archetype of the ideal city through the eyes of the architects of his time, the author makes an attempt to systematize ideas about the ideal structure of the developing Soviet world. In the course of the research, the special interest of architects in the household structure of life, the organization of collective work and recreation, the relationship of man with nature is noted. Attention is focused on the transformation of attitudes towards an ideal city, namely, the transition from fantasy to a task requiring a design solution.
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Clear, Nic. "The Gold Mine: A Post-singularity Utopia." Architecture Image Studies 1, no. 2 (2020): 54–66. https://doi.org/10.62754/ais.v1i2.29.
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The Gold Mine is an architectural project for a post-scarcity, post-singularity city set on Canvey Island. The project is intended to test the application of speculative ideas taken from literary science fiction combined with concepts currently being developed in the Nano-Bio-Info-Cogno technologies and framed within the context of a formal architectural project. The Gold Mine is seen as a speculative architectural design intended to ask ‘what-if’ questions about the nature of our cities and re-ignite debates around the concept of Utopia, proposing a radically different model of the human organisation at a time when neo-liberal ideologies dominate our thinking on the city.
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Adonina, Anna, Elena Akhmedova, and Alla Kandalova. "Realization of smart city concept through media technology in architecture and urban space: from utopia to reality." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817002013.
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This article describes the realization of smart city concept in architectural and urban media spaces. Considerable attention is paid to studying the influence of some parameters of the “smart city”, such as adaptability, mobility, intellectualization, sustainability, security and some others. The article also analyses the elements of utopianism and realism in the application of high technologies in urban reality. The connection is studied between utopian models of ideal city and realized strategy of smart urban development, in which the integration of digital technologies leads to the formation of high-hume communicative space that serves as the locomotive of global changes. The study also identifies four theoretical models of media space and classification of urban screens according to compositional-planning implementation methods. As a result of the research, a hypothesis is suggested that there are some key factors and conditions furthering the implementation of the “smart city” concept, as exemplified by the creation of media spaces in urban environment. In addition, a conclusion is made about the prospects of using media technologies in the city on the example of Samara.
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Geoffroy, Anne. "Thomas Nashe’s Anatomy of Venice in The Unfortunate Traveller or the Life of Jack Wilton (1594): Utopia Revisited." Moreana 47 (Number 181-, no. 3-4 (2010): 186–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2010.47.3-4.9.
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Although most critics have focused on the overall negative aspect of Jack Wilton’s Italian tour in The Unfortunate Traveller (1594), as suggested in the title of Thomas Nashe’s prose fiction, the specificity of the narrator’s Venetian adventures should be examined more closely. This paper argues that Thomas Nashe’s representation of Venice needs to be reassessed in the context of Thomas More’s Utopia and the question of the ideal commonwealth. Notwithstanding Nashe’s reliance on pervasive irony, the author provides an image of the city-state which – thanks to a retrospective approach – puts the topic of alternative urban spaces in the early modern period into perspective.
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Zheleznyak, Olga. "Squatting in the “era of permanent crisis”." проект байкал, no. 75 (April 7, 2023): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/pb.75.19.
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The phenomenon of squatting, which plays an important role in the life of the city in the “era of permanent crisis”, is a kind of response to the crisis and/or an attempt to implement utopia, introduction of a special community model or reflection of the ideas of living ideals, as well as a form and method of creative self-expression and self-organization. It is a dual phenomenon, which is also a space of danger, risk and opportunities for self-development / self-realization.
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Wigley, Mark. "Anthony Vidler in Reverse." October, no. 187 (2024): 93–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00511.
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Abstract This essay in memory of Anthony Vidler explores the ways in which his obsessive mode of thinking and writing was primarily historiographic and ultimately autobiographical as it reversed itself towards the future. Vidler was not a historian who wrote but a writer who over time produced the effect of being a historian. He was a scholar in reverse, a trained architect and insightful architectural critic fixated on the ongoing legacy, from Plato to the latest digital zealots, of utopian dreams of an idealized architecture that would incubate an equitable society and the dystopian effects of the always unsuccessful attempts to realize those dreams. Vidler portrayed architecture and the social life it supposedly serves as permanently suspended between utopia and dystopia. Colin Rowe, his first tutor at Cambridge University in 1960, triggered this life-long obsession by pointing to Emil Kaufmann's writing about the precocious modernity of enlightenment architects, especially the ideal city imagined in the late 18th century by Claude-Nicolaus Ledoux, symptomatically the only architect referred to by the utopian socialist Charles Fourier. Vidler never let go of Ledoux, continuously reshaping him and an endless chain of architects from the 20th and 21st centuries, starting with Tony Garnier and Le Corbusier. Kaufmann and Rowe haunt all the work, as does Walter Benjamin, whose inversion of history likewise turned on the relationship between Fourier's philosophy and a specific architectural typology.
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Melnikov, I. A. "Soviet reality and Old Believer utopia in the works of the Pomor mentor Dionisy Chetvergov." Abyss (Studies in Philosophy, Political science and Social anthropology), no. 4(30) (2024): 182–97. https://doi.org/10.33979/2587-7534-2024-4-182-197.
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The article is devoted to the topic of religious and social utopianism of the 20th century, which developed in the Old Believer environment, using the example of the works of the spiritual superior of the Pomorian community of the city of Frunze (Bishkek) Dionisy Chetvergov (1918 - 2001), which were first introduced into scientific circulation. Despite the fact that the folk utopia in the form of legends about distant lands, highlighted by K. V. Chistov and especially in demand among the Old Believers, lost relevance in the last century, the declared construction of a communist society and the policies of the Soviet government updated the attention of individual Old Believer authors to socio-utopian issues. Dionysy Chetvergov, who actively polemicized with the communists in his writings, was forced to construct his own vision of an ideal state, revealing his own understanding of such categories as personal freedom, legality, private property, and ideology. At the same time, he turned not so much to the traditional Old Believer argumentation, but also to the new language of Marxist philosophy, personal social experience and his own abstract logical reasoning. In this way, the image of the state was formulated, in general terms preserving the features of the Old Believers’ idealized idea of the Muscovite Tsardom before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon.
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Castanò, Francesca. "The Charterhouse of St. Lorenzo in Padula, an ideal mystical city of modern Campania." Resourceedings 2, no. 3 (2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i3.625.
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The essay explores the characteristics and themes of architecture related to Benedictine monastic life in the territories of Cilento and Vallo di Diano. The influences coming from the East and from beyond the Alps are adapted to local traditions without imitating early Christian models, as happens in other areas of Campania. The classical Greek elements acquire greater importance than the Roman universe. The previous buildings adapt to the western world and create heterogeneous hybrids that cannot be easily classified. The Carthusians introduce models that are consistent with a new formulation of the concept of the ideal city. The essay aims to analyze specifically the Certosa di Padula, in the heart of the Vallo di Diano, from the act of its foundation at the beginning of the fourteenth century until the impressive renovations during the eighteenth century. The monastic complex does not present itself as a safe haven from the perils of the world but becomes a spiritual place, the anticipation of Paradise on earth. On the one hand, respect for the strict rule of San Brunone and, on the other, constant interaction with the surrounding territory. The monastery constitutes a new type of polis. An ideality regulated by a rigid separation of the cloistered environments intended for the contemplation of the monks and those dedicated to community life. The boundary between the hermit's life in the upper domus and the cenobitic life in the lower domus is marked by the desertum, the large cultivated green space that gives access to the Civitas Dei, announced by the cartouche of the threshold "Felix coeli porta". The architectural structure of the Certosa di Padula, born on the basis of the models of Trisulti in Lazio and the motherhouse of Grenoble, reflects and embodies that ideal mystical city as declined by Thomas More who saw in monastic customs the foundation of Utopia.
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Litovskaya, Maria A., and Elena K. Sozina. "EKATERINBURG — SVERDLOVSK: LITERARY METAMORPHOSES OF THE CITY IMAGE IN THE LIGHT OF UTOPIAN PROJECTS." Ural Historical Journal 80, no. 3 (2023): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-3(80)-55-64.
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The article discusses the development of a literary narrative about Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk, associated with utopian projects for the organization of urban life. The subject of utopia was most often the administrative bodies, and framed each of the ideas, recorded the signs of its implementation and the emotional reaction of the urban community. All new generations of writers, including in their texts the images of Ekaterinburg — Sverdlovsk developed by their predecessors, were carried away by the idea of the city’s “mission”, described its everyday life and growing dissatisfaction with it. An analysis of changes in the city image leads to the conclusion that Ekaterinburg went through three “turns” of descriptions along similar vectors. In the 18th — early 20th century the Ekaterinburg founders’ dreams about “a model in the model world of state-owned mining plants” were replaced first by the image of the city as a “living knot”, and then by its image as an ordinary provincial city. Since the mid-1920s, the image of the “city of Sverdlov” has been formed in literature — a “model Soviet city” that rejected the past. Sverdlovsk is perceived as an “arsenal city”, but by the end of the 1940s, the image of the regional center beloved by the inhabitants was localized. In the 1990s, the fate of the “third capital” was predicted for Ekaterinburg, but in parallel, the motives of increasing provincialization and the predestination of the fate of the place were developing in the literature.
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Bischeri, Cecilia, and Silvia Micheli. "New directions for the dense city: Moshe Safdie in Singapore." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 7 (December 25, 2016): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_7_9.
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In 1965, Singapore declared its independence and initiated a process of modernisation aiming to erase any evidence of its colonial past. Thedevelopmentalist orientation of Singapore, as Rem Koolhaas defined it, together with the formula “displace, destroy, replace,” became the theoretical instruments used to implement the urban vision for the future city. Singapore has thus become the contemporary urban laboratory of the Asia Pacific Region and due to its limited area for construction, turned into an experimental epicentre in the field of dense dwelling. A protagonist of this experimentation has been the Israeli/Canadian architect Moshe Safdie, designer of the Integrated resort casino Marina Bay Sands (2010), an exemplary feature of Singapore’s drive for development. This paper focuses on Safdie’s theoretical work, casting light on the ideological shift from his early modern residential project Habitat‘67, built during the Expo in Montreal (Canada) in 1967, to the contemporary residential complex Sky Habitat, completed in 2015 in Singapore. While Habitat’67 represented the manifesto of Safdie’s social utopia, envisaging itself as a prototypical residential component of the future city, Sky Habitat is a private gated community, which targets an upper-class market. And yet, Safdie’s two projects, distant in time and social ideals, display comparable strategies, as the use of similar architectural solutions and the permanence of urban modern utopian principles. These strategies underpin two other projects designed recently by Safdie in China: the Golden Dream Bay in Qinhuangdao (2016) and Chongqing Chaotianmen (design phase), which propose further elaboration of Sky Habitat’s urban principles. This paper will investigate how utopian urban strategies elaborated during the Modern period and advanced and tested in the 1960s and 1970s, have become material of experimentation for new forms of living in the congested 21st century city, evolving the concept of urban density in “the city that could be”.
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zhao, Yao. "The City of the Future in the novels by V.F. Odoevsky "Russian Nights" and "The 4338th year." Litera, no. 12 (December 2023): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69295.
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The article offers a comparative consideration of two social models in the fiction of V.F. Odoevsky. The researcher focuses on the unfinished novel "4338" and the insert novella "The City without a Name" from the novel "Russian Nights" by Odoevsky. When comparing both texts, the article points to the indissoluble semantic unity of the author's cultural and social views on the proper (ideal) future society. If "Russian Nights" is entirely turned to the present, so that the dystopian paintings in the short stories "The City without a Name" and "The Last Suicide" are needed only to properly look at the modernity of the 1840s and the consequences of mistakes that can be made in the present, then "4338" really aspires and into the future and projects a new scientific and social world. "4338th year" can only be considered a utopia in part. In the light of satirical criticism in the novel "Russian Nights" and other works by Odoevsky, "The 4338th year" turns out to be not so unambiguous a text as was commonly believed in literary studies of the early twentieth century.
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Mohammed, Muslim Hassan, and Zryan Hamza Aziz. "The Principles of The City-State in Aflatun’s View." Journal of University of Raparin 8, no. 4 (2021): 597–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(8).no(4).paper26.
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Aflatun’s thoughts, as great Greek philosopher, are still counted as one of the best references in terms of political philosophy and are in practice in the world of politics. Aflatun owns a utopian state based on the foundation of justice and virtue. Aflatun’s state, ruled by philosopher-kings, is characterized by having particular thoughts about the system of education.
 Politics is vitally important within Aflatun’s philosophy. It is regarded as means of planning his utopian city. Aflatun believes that political systems can be classified, in accordance to their ruling type, into aristocracy, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, monarchy and dictatorship. Among them, Aflatun believes that aristocracy is the best since it’s practiced by a philosopher-king.
 Aflatun in his ideal state refers to metaphysics as an important basic of his utopian city. Aflatun’s view is that the ideal state can only be cherished in the life of hereafter, though those in power may be able to find some sort of the ideal life in this world. The philosopher-kings, on the other hand, are able to practice such an ideal life in this world. In Aflatun’s view, any sort of change happening in the world from the perfection towards the imperfection and weakness. This is due to the unstable feature of the world that never stays constantly. Only God is characterized by stableness and mortality.
 Aflatun thinks that ‘ethics’ is one of the practical fields of philosophy which shows the will of any human being that depends on performing the duty of individuals in the society to establish social justice. Aflatun states that education refers to the right preparation of human beings to suit the world of justice. He sees the education as the highest virtue. Aflatun repeats that all the social city-state classes have to get the proper education formed in certain phases based on the age of the citizens.
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Lightstone, Jack N. "Urban (re-) organization in Late Roman Palestine and the early Rabbinic guild: The Tosefta on the city and classification of space." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 36, no. 3-4 (2007): 421–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980703600301.
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Over the latter half of the 2nd century and into the 3rd century, urban institutions and administration figured ever more prominently in the organization and governance of Roman Palestine. In this context, the consolidation of the earliest guild of rabbinic masters took hold, and their Mishnah and its supplement, Tosefta, were composed. When compared with correlative passages in the more utopic Mishnah, traditions in Tosefta show decidedly greater interest in the urban setting and its constituent institutions as the territory for meaningful, ordered, human activity. Tosefta superimposes over Mishnah's utopic mapping of a world centred on one city, an "ideal" Jerusalem, a complementary mapping in which meaningful human action and interaction is centred upon one's "local city." In this respect, one might characterize Tosefta as "diasporizing" Mishnah's mapping of an ideal world centred upon a single Temple-city.
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Romano, Stefano. "The Temporal Cadavre Exquis. The Dark Side Of Diversity." Health and Wellbeing in the Post-Pandemic City, no. 24 (January 2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/f40002405.
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We will address key questions concerning the development of our cities, in the specific case, Tirana, the capital of Albania, after the new worldwide scenario that come as a consequence of the pandemic. The questions that we will focuses connecting with the idea of diversity, addressing it from the symbolic point of view of the relation between art and architecture, and how this relation can affect resilience and vision of the future. This because we have to treat the space the same way we are doing with time, as a fow. Space and time also belong to this class of quantities. Past, present, and future, forms a continuous whole. Space, likewise, is a continuous quantity. With the fall of the communist regime in 1991, Albania has started to favor market logics and the recognition of property rights. Indeed, what followed such revolutionary political transition was a rapid privatization process and, according to many, an apparently chaotic urban development. The 2020 pandemic highlight the need for a change in the vision of our cities and the way they must develop. In the last months, many to underline new possible visions for our cities have used the idea of utopian concepts of the ideal city, or that of resilience cities. “Utopia” comes from Greek: οὐ (“not”) and τόπος (“place”) which translates as “no-place” and literally means any non-existent society. Sir Thomas Moore coined the term in 1516 when he uses to describe an island where the structure of the society and the equilibrium between men and nature was perfectly balanced. In standard usage, the word's meaning has shifted and now usually describes a non-existent society considerably better than contemporary society. Humans needs these kind of places because mythical space is an intellectual construct and helps us defne our real space. We will analyze how the idea of utopia relates to art and how art can be seen as a way to faces contemporary problematics through its close relation to the space of architecture.
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Komatina, Dragan F., and Ema Alihodžić Jašarović. "Digital City as a Metaphor for New Experiences of Reality." Architecture and Urban Planning 16, no. 1 (2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2020-0010.
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Abstract In the era of already spent utopias and ideas about the city the experience of the city is transformed into a new perceptual grammar that is a consequence of the new virtual reality. With the revolutionary computerization of architecture a new architectural discourse was created that enabled virtual one – cyberspace, producing a new experience of transposed reality. The concept of a digital city does not exist without a virtual community, which on the other hand problematizes the issue of digital city ethics, bearing in mind that its use is conditioned by technical and technological possibilities, which are still not available to everyone. Digitalization of space communicates the newly created virtual dialogue between the user and space, outside of his physical and sensory experience and interaction with space, thus agreeing to the digitalization of the experience of space. By creating a new reality and a new era of the utopia of virtual architecture and virtual city, a new, cyberidentity of city was produced. Identity digitization policies in this regard will consciously use methods to promote virtual values, digitizing all aspects of identity, heritage, and even memory, and memory values of the city, producing a new, virtual identity, which largely leads to mutation of its original – existing – built identity. In this way, cities are positioned and valued in relation to the degree of their digitized representation, i.e., the extent to which their digitized identity is present and visible in cyberspace. The digital transition is one of the priorities of the “smart city” concept, which indicates that the future of cities is directed towards their digital transformation.
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Grahame Shane, David. "(Dossier Colin Rowe) Notas para una biografía intelectual de Colin Rowe (1938-78)." Astrágalo. Cultura de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad, no. 35 (2024): 223–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/astragalo.2024.i35.11.
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This article draws on Colin Rowe’s experience as a paratrooper during the war as a metaphor for his ability to cope with diverse and complex circumstances. It highlights different periods of his life, from his peripatetic trajectory (1938-78) to his time at various institutions and the culmination of his 40-year career. Rowe navigated professional changes thanks to three stabilizing codes: a neoclassical classicism influenced by Wittkower, a modernism with utopian ideals influenced by Le Corbusier, and a third imaginary space that allowed for new cultural interpretations. These codes were reflected in his urban projects in Texas, Cornell, and Cambridge. Throughout his career, Rowe adopted and adapted these codes, reflecting his initial rejection of the Georgian city, his commitment to modern utopia, and his eventual rediscovery of the neoclassical city. Rowe’s work, including his meta-city Roma Interrotta, illustrates his ability to integrate the modern and the classical in an urban context, using a metahistorical approach that anticipates the transformation of cities into spaces of recombinant information and memory. The exhibition of Roma Interrotta at the Trajan Market in 1978 and its recreation at the MAXXI Museum in 2014 underscore his vision of the city as a museum and a space of memory. This perspective translates into an architecture that not only responds to contemporary needs but also dialogues with history, showcasing Rowe’s ability to create urban spaces rich in meaning and potential, a timeless hybrid that connects the personal and the collective.
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Papkova, Elena A. "Siberia as an ideal space in the works of Vsevolod Ivanov." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 1 (2025): 111–22. https://doi.org/10.17223/18137083/90/8.
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This paper examines how Vsevolod Ivanov portrays Siberia as a unique and almost ideal place in his writing. Early texts, created through dialogue and dispute with regional ideas, depict the image as both a future “arena of interaction between two civilizations” (“Ermak's Dream”) and a real space characterized by social and national complexities. The space of Siberia begins to approach the ideal in those works where events take place outside the region. The stories “The Fleeing Island” and “The Death of the Iron Division” refer to the ideal space of Russian utopian legends, Belovodye. The Moscow novel “Y” chooses not the capital but the factory or town built beyond the Urals as an ideal space. The city of Gremyashchiy from the unfinished script “Siberians” is compared with this ideal space of the novel “Y.” The story of the city, intended to be “the first all-encompassing health resort in Eastern Siberia,” reveals an ironic twist. As the narrative moves away from Siberia, the region begins to acquire the qualities of an ideal space. The main character of “The Adventures of a Fakir” leaves a dull, gray Siberia looking for a vibrant life in India, but after facing a series of setbacks, he has to return home. Ivanov shows that the artificial space of the “new civilization,” cities of the future, the legendary Belovodye, or India are not ideal. Conversely, it is the ordinary space transformed by love for the motherland that becomes ideal (the essay “Hops, or towards the autumn birds”).
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KILIÇ, Emrullah. "Lost Paradise: Utopia or Reality? From Fall to Resurrection A Question of Civilization in Sezai Karakoç." Eskiyeni 23, no. 47 (2022): 517–39. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1108378.
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This study aims to evaluate the conception of civilization that Sezai Karakoç tries to reveal based on his work titled Yitik Cennet (LostParadise), with its possibilities and limitations. Karakoç seeks the rebuilding and maintains the civilization that in crisis by establishing a new connection between Islam/truth and life, which will be established under the responsibility of intellectuals. According to Karakoç, intellectuals who relive the concrete Islamic ideal with its spiritual, social, political, economic, cultural, and aesthetic aspects will not be alienated from life, reality, and historical consciousness. In this sense, he places the situation or attitude of Islamic civilization on three main axes: The first, the metaphysical perspective that determines the theoretical basis; the second, the view of the world and nature as realism based on this perspective; the third is to surrender to the divine. The habitat that Karakoç's thesis will embody is the state. The state is, first and foremost, an idea, a form of ideals and virtues. Karakoç considers the political formation of this ideal state as a city-state based on particular virtues, as in Aristotle and Farabī. Karakoç's proposal is labeled with a lifestyle based on moral common sense, including achieving human metaphysical goals. Thus, a balance will be established between reason, and sensitivity; with this harmony, the possibility of rebirth will be found by making room for belief and morality. While the roadmap of this civilization, which differs from contemporary civilization theories in terms of its source and function, is created with the parables of the Qur'an, its founders are the prophets. Resurrection, a new organizational model produced for humanity, is not the antithesis synthesis of any view but is a third way that brings the tendency to non-being back into existence. This path in question is based on an orientation with three perspectives: First, man's view of God; second, many self-view; third, man’s view of things. According to Karakoç, in this triple combination, the resurrectionist has the opportunity to establish the harmony and balance that he could not establish before within the framework of the spirit of resurrection. The reference value of the resurrection civilization is love. In Karakoç's thought, like in Yunus Emre and Mawlānā, love, the metaphysical power that defeats the devil, is the fundamental value. This path of existence, which can be read as a result of Karakoç's view of Being, refers to a state of “being,” which shows that the ideal is met with a notion instead of a concept by turningits direction first to its essence while traversing existence in its journey of becoming. Although Karakoç's seminal proposal, which will build civilization as a new attempt at subjectivity and provide ontological trust to the subject through beliefs, is significant, it remains ambiguous about the problems encountered in the field of experience.