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1

Vasconcellos, Adriano de [UNESP]. "Sínteses e caracterização de novos catalisadores zeolíticos e sua como suportes inorgânicos para imobilização de lipase produzida por Rhizomucor miehei e seu estudo catalítico na reação de transesterificação do óleo de soja para produção de biodiesel." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94838.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vasconcellos_a_me_sjrp.pdf: 3559439 bytes, checksum: 7626ad7d7fb3ecc2909ae46dc06812db (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Os principais objetivos do presente trabalho de pesquisa são a síntese de novos catalisadores zeolíticos, a avaliação de seus usos como possíveis matrizes para imobilização enzimática, e o uso desse complexo zeólita/enzima como catalisador para produção de biodiesel. Inicialmente foram sintetizadas duas classes de zeólitas: faujasita (FAU) e gismondina (GIS), em suas formas sódicas, e estas zeólitas foram convertidas para as formas Cu2+, Ni2+ e Zn2+ por troca iônica. Na sequência foi avaliado o potencial desses materiais zeolíticos para imobilização e atividade lipolítica da enzima (Lipase de Rhizomucor miehei) na reação de hidrólise do p-nitrofenil palmitato (pNPP) a p-nitrofenol (pNP). Os estudos de imobilização foram feitos variando os parâmetros térmicos do pré-tratamento do suporte zeolítico e o meio catiônico dominante. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que dos 16 suportes avaliados para imobilização enzimática, todos se mostraram capazes de imobilizar a enzima em questão e produzir atividade catalítica, no entanto, o melhor compromisso entre imobilização e atividade enzimática foi obtido pelo complexo LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+ pré-tratada a 200ºC. Este complexo que imobilizou 11,2 ± 0,6% da quantidade de enzima da solução e obteve uma atividade de 13,278 U/mg-suporte. Para as reações de transesterificação foram usados como catalisadores as zeólitas puras (GIS/Ni2+ e GIS/Zn2+), enzimas livres (Lipases de Rhizomucor miehei) e enzimas imobilizadas sobre as zeólitas (LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+ e LIPASE/GIS/Zn2+) para a produção de biodiesel a partir do óleo vegetal (óleo de soja). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os dois complexos produziram biodiesel, no entanto, o teor de ésteres metílicos de 56,2% produzidos pelo suporte LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+ mostrou que houve...<br>The main goals of this research work are the syntheses of new zeolitic catalysts and their use as possible solid matrices for enzyme immobilization, and the study this complex zeolite/enzyme as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Initially, two different zeolites were synthesized: faujasite (FAU) and gismondine (GIS). The two zeolites were first prepared in their sodic forms and thereafter they were submitted to an ion exchange process in order to the replace the extra-framework Na+ by Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+. The potential of these zeolitic materials for immobilization and lipolytic activity of the enzyme (Lipase from Rhizomucor miehei) was evaluated through the hydrolysis reaction from p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) to p-nitrophenol (pNP). Several immobilization studies were performed and two main parameters were singled out for this study: the thermal parameters or thermal stability of the zeolitic support and the main dominant cationic medium. The results showed that all of the 16 prepared zeolitic supports were not only able to immobilize the enzyme, but also they were able to show significant catalytic activity. However, the best compromise between immobilization and enzymatic activity was obtained with the complex LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+ pre-treated at 200°C, since it was able to immobilize 11.2 ± 0.6% of the amount of enzymes in solution and an activity of 13.278 U/mg-support. The transesterification reactions for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils (soybean oil) were performed with the following catalysts: zeolite pure (GIS/Zn2+ and GIS/Ni2+), free enzymes (Lipases from Rhizomucor miehei) and immobilized enzymes on zeolites (LIPASE/GIS/Zn2+ and LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+). The results indicated that two zeolite/enzyme complexes were able to produce biodiesel, but the content... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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2

Vasconcellos, Adriano de. "Sínteses e caracterização de novos catalisadores zeolíticos e sua como suportes inorgânicos para imobilização de lipase produzida por Rhizomucor miehei e seu estudo catalítico na reação de transesterificação do óleo de soja para produção de biodiesel /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94838.

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Orientador: José Geraldo Nery<br>Banca: Eleni Gomes<br>Banca: José Manoel Marconcini<br>Resumo: Os principais objetivos do presente trabalho de pesquisa são a síntese de novos catalisadores zeolíticos, a avaliação de seus usos como possíveis matrizes para imobilização enzimática, e o uso desse complexo zeólita/enzima como catalisador para produção de biodiesel. Inicialmente foram sintetizadas duas classes de zeólitas: faujasita (FAU) e gismondina (GIS), em suas formas sódicas, e estas zeólitas foram convertidas para as formas Cu2+, Ni2+ e Zn2+ por troca iônica. Na sequência foi avaliado o potencial desses materiais zeolíticos para imobilização e atividade lipolítica da enzima (Lipase de Rhizomucor miehei) na reação de hidrólise do p-nitrofenil palmitato (pNPP) a p-nitrofenol (pNP). Os estudos de imobilização foram feitos variando os parâmetros térmicos do pré-tratamento do suporte zeolítico e o meio catiônico dominante. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que dos 16 suportes avaliados para imobilização enzimática, todos se mostraram capazes de imobilizar a enzima em questão e produzir atividade catalítica, no entanto, o melhor compromisso entre imobilização e atividade enzimática foi obtido pelo complexo LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+ pré-tratada a 200ºC. Este complexo que imobilizou 11,2 ± 0,6% da quantidade de enzima da solução e obteve uma atividade de 13,278 U/mg-suporte. Para as reações de transesterificação foram usados como catalisadores as zeólitas puras (GIS/Ni2+ e GIS/Zn2+), enzimas livres (Lipases de Rhizomucor miehei) e enzimas imobilizadas sobre as zeólitas (LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+ e LIPASE/GIS/Zn2+) para a produção de biodiesel a partir do óleo vegetal (óleo de soja). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os dois complexos produziram biodiesel, no entanto, o teor de ésteres metílicos de 56,2% produzidos pelo suporte LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+ mostrou que houve... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: The main goals of this research work are the syntheses of new zeolitic catalysts and their use as possible solid matrices for enzyme immobilization, and the study this complex zeolite/enzyme as a catalyst for biodiesel production. Initially, two different zeolites were synthesized: faujasite (FAU) and gismondine (GIS). The two zeolites were first prepared in their sodic forms and thereafter they were submitted to an ion exchange process in order to the replace the extra-framework Na+ by Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+. The potential of these zeolitic materials for immobilization and lipolytic activity of the enzyme (Lipase from Rhizomucor miehei) was evaluated through the hydrolysis reaction from p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) to p-nitrophenol (pNP). Several immobilization studies were performed and two main parameters were singled out for this study: the thermal parameters or thermal stability of the zeolitic support and the main dominant cationic medium. The results showed that all of the 16 prepared zeolitic supports were not only able to immobilize the enzyme, but also they were able to show significant catalytic activity. However, the best compromise between immobilization and enzymatic activity was obtained with the complex LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+ pre-treated at 200°C, since it was able to immobilize 11.2 ± 0.6% of the amount of enzymes in solution and an activity of 13.278 U/mg-support. The transesterification reactions for the production of biodiesel from vegetable oils (soybean oil) were performed with the following catalysts: zeolite pure (GIS/Zn2+ and GIS/Ni2+), free enzymes (Lipases from Rhizomucor miehei) and immobilized enzymes on zeolites (LIPASE/GIS/Zn2+ and LIPASE/GIS/Ni2+). The results indicated that two zeolite/enzyme complexes were able to produce biodiesel, but the content... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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3

Lee, Veronica. "A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study on Deposition of Solid State Materials." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1707299/.

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Deposition of solid state materials span a wide variety of methods and often utilize high energy sources such as plasmas and ultra-violet light resulting in a wide variety of characteristics and applications. A fundamental understanding is essential for furthering the applications of these materials which include catalysis, molecular filtration, electronics, sensing devices, and energy storage among others. A combination of experimental and theoretical work is presented here on several materials including 2D silicates on Pd, boron oxide, and vanadium oxynitride. Silicate formation under low energy electron microscopy demonstrate film permeability to oxygen, while ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal the possible initial mechanisms associated with the formation of boron oxide films during atomic layer deposition. Lastly, vanadium oxynitrides have shown preferential sputtering of N over O sites and theoretical binding energies serve as a guide for assigning experimental x-ray photoelectron spectra.
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4

Velasco, Nelson. "Synthèse et caractérisation de métallosilicates au vanadium." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2369.

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L'objectif principal de ce travail est la synthese, par la methode sol-gel, de zeolithes a structure mfi refermant du vanadium dans le reseau (vanadosilicalite) et leur caracterisation par differentes techniques physico-chimiques (uv-vis. , rmn#5#1v ram, rpe, ir et drx). Le choix de precurseurs de vanadium et de silicium du type alcoxyde semble necessaire pour la synthese de la vanadosilicalite, mais il faut eviter l'hydrolyse trop rapide de l'un de ces precurseurs. Le solide cristallise a partir de l'ethoxyde de silicium et de l'ethoxyde ou du methoxyde de vanadium presente une faible quantite d'ions vanadyles disperses sur la surface de la zeolithe. Il en est de meme pour celui resultant de l'hydrolyse simultanee de l'ethoxyde de silicium et du compose vcl#2(oc#2h#5)#2. C#2h#5oh. La preparation du gel a partir d'un alcoxyde de vanadium monomerique (isopropoxyde ou tertiobutoxyde) s'avere plus appropriee, mais des ions vanadyles et des especes condensees type polyoxovanadate sont egalement formees. Les solides prepares a partir de l'ethoxyde de silicium partiellement hydrolyse et du tertiobutoxyde de vanadium presentent exclusivement des especes vanadium en site t. Au vanadium en position tetraedrique correspond une bande de transfert de charge vers 240 nm (uv), une raie rmn #5#1v ram situee vers -530 ppm/vocl#3. En revanche la spectrometrie ir et la diffraction de rayons x ne permettent pas de discuter de l'insertion du vanadium dans la charpente zeolithique. Les especes vanadyles des solides synthetises a partir de l'alcoxyde vcl#2(oc#2h#5)#2. C#2h#5oh sont faiblement liees a la structure zeolithique. Elles ne sont actives en hydroxylation du phenol qu'apres leur elution dans la solution reactionnelle. Les solides ayant des especes du type polyoxovanadate sont faiblement actifs en hydroxylation du phenol et inactifs en oxydation de l'ethanol. D'autre part, les especes localisees en site t zeolithique sont actives en hydroxylation du phenol et en oxydation de l'ethanol, surtout en presence d'especes vanadyles bien dispersees et fortement greffees sur la surface zeolithique
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5

Rice, Gordon L. "Structure and reactivity of silica-supported vanadium and vanadium/titanium single-site catalysts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/NQ46540.pdf.

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6

Taha, Ziyad Ahmed. "Silica-supported vanadium complexes: Structure, characterization and reactivity, especially towards olefins." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29175.

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This thesis is divided into four major parts. The first part describes a simple method to measure the content of reactive hydroxyls of various amorphous silicas before and after thermal treatment. The reaction of excess VOCl3 vapor with surface OH groups of partially dehydroxylated silica is rapid and quantitative. Regardless of the degree of dehydroxylation, the stoichiometry of the reaction is invariable, as demonstrated by 51V magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Using this method, we have quantified the reacive hydroxyls of fumed and precipitated silicas as a function of temperature. Non-porous Aerosil silicas have hydroxyl contents that decrease linearly with increasing temperature of thermal treatment. Porous Sylopol silicas have higher hydroxyl contents per unit surface area than Aerosil silicas treated at the same temperature. The second part deals with characterization of silica-supported vanadium complexes using XAS. A combination of X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray-absorption near edge structure (XANES) has been used to characterize the local structure around the vanadium metal center for a series of silica-supported vanadium complexes prepared at various temperatures and on different supports (Aerosil and Sylopol silicas). XAS spectra of all the materials were very similar. The local structure around vanadium was not affected by the thermal treatment and the kind of support. Vanadium has a formal oxidation state of +5 and pseudotetrahedral coordination geometry. The third part deals with the preparation and characterization of new vanadium-based Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The catalysts were prepared by sequential reaction of volatile VOCl3 and trimethylaluminum (TMA) with silica. They were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) and stoichiometric analysis. The interaction of TMA with silica/VOCl3 and silica/TMA/VOCl3 results in the grafting of two AI per original hydroxyl group with concomitant formation of two equiv. CH4. In contrast, the reaction of VOCl3 with silica/TMA results in the grafting of two V per original OH group with concomitant formation of two equiv. CH3Cl. The last part of this thesis describes the reaction of the new vanadium-based Ziegler-Natta catalysts with ethylene, propylene and ethylene-propylene mixture. Kinetics at the gas-solid interface were monitored by in situ IR spectroscopy. The reaction is first order in olefin and first-order in vanadium. Based on kinetics and isotope effects, a mechanism of migratory insertion of the olefin into a vanadium-carbon-alpha-bond (Cossee mechanism) is proposed for the propagation step.
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7

Ndipingwi, Miranda Mengwi. "Graphol and vanadia-linkedzink-doped lithium manganese silicate nanoarchitectonic platforms for supercapatteries." University of Western cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7236.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Energy storage technologies are rapidly being developed due to the increased awareness of global warming and growing reliance of society on renewable energy sources. Among various electrochemical energy storage technologies, high power supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries with excellent energy density stand out in terms of their flexibility and scalability. However, supercapacitors are handicapped by low energy density and batteries lag behind in power. Supercapatteries have emerged as hybrid devices which synergize the merits of supercapacitors and batteries with the likelihood of becoming the ultimate power sources for multi-function electronic equipment and electric/hybrid vehicles in the future. But the need for new and advanced electrodes is key to enhancing the performance of supercapatteries. Leading-edge technologies in material design such as nanoarchitectonics become very relevant in this regard. This work involves the preparation of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), pristine and zinc doped lithium manganese silicate (Li2MnSiO4) nanoarchitectures as well as their composites with hydroxylated graphene (G-ol) and carbon nanotubes (CNT).<br>2023-12-01
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Ndipingwi, Miranda Mengwi. "Graphol and vanadia-link zin doped lithium manganese silicate nanoarchitectonic platforms for supercapatteries." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7611.

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Doctor Educationis<br>Energy storage technologies are rapidly being developed due to the increased awareness of global warming and growing reliance of society on renewable energy sources. Among various electrochemical energy storage technologies, high power supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries with excellent energy density stand out in terms of their flexibility and scalability. However, supercapacitors are handicapped by low energy density and batteries lag behind in power. Supercapatteries have emerged as hybrid devices which synergize the merits of supercapacitors and batteries with the likelihood of becoming the ultimate power sources for multi-function electronic equipment and electric/hybrid vehicles in the future. But the need for new and advanced electrodes is key to enhancing the performance of supercapatteries. Leading edge technologies in material design such as nanoarchitectonics become very relevant in this regard. This work involves the preparation of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), pristine and zinc doped lithium manganese silicate (Li2MnSiO4) nanoarchitectures as well as their composites with hydroxylated graphene (G-ol) and carbon nanotubes (CNT).<br>2023-12-02
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Pollard, Ashleigh J. J. "Silica and boron nitride supported molybdenum and vanadium oxide catalysts for alkane oxidation." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55535/.

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A range of silica supported molybdenum catalysts and vanadium catalysts have been prepared and tested for alkane oxidation. Further vanadium catalysts supported on boron nitride have also been prepared and tested for alkane oxidation. The silica supported molybdenum oxide catalysts demonstrated appreciable activity for propane total oxidation to carbon oxides with some trace acrolein. The silica supported vanadium catalysts were also active for propane oxidation, and although the major product was carbon dioxide, higher selectivity to acrolein was observed when compared to the silica supported molybdenum catalysts. The use of boron nitride as a support significantly increased the selectivity towards acrolein and other selective oxidation products like acrylic acid. These results lead to the catalysts being tested for propene oxidation, which produced similar results that showed the boron nitride supported vanadium catalysts were more selective than the silica supported catalysts for acrolein. Further tests were carried out on methane and ethane, which produced mostly carbon oxides as a result. The effect of co-feeding water was also tested when performing propane oxidation with the presence of water effecting the selectivity and activity of the catalysts. Some catalyst's activity was suppressed with increased selectivity to acrolein and other catalysts activity was promoted which led to total oxidation to carbon oxides. This study aim is to compare and contrast the different catalysts produced and give evidence about how the use and development of a hydrophobic support may lead to better catalyst design in the future.
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Nguyen, Dinh Lam. "Oxydation ménagée du méthane en formaldéhyde sur des catalyseurs à base d'oxyde de vanadium supporté sur silice mésoporeuse." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10122.

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Ce travail de thèse correspond à la mise au point d'un catalyseur performant pour l'oxydation ménagée du méthane en formaldéhyde par oxygène à pression atmosphérique et à une température inférieure à 600°C. Ceci a nécessité l'élaboration d'une nouvelle méthode de synthèse d'un catalyseur de type vanadium supporté sur silice mésoporeuse basée sur la co-condensation d'espèces silicium et vandium monomérique (VO2(Oh)2-) dans une solution contenant un surfactant. Différentes techniques (DRX, BET et adsorption isotherme, MEB, Raman, Ir, TRP, RPE. . . ) ont été utilisées pour caractériser la structure du catalyseur et la nature des expèces vanadium ainsi que leur isolation. Des études cinétiques et spectroscopiques ont été mises en oeuvre pour comprendre le mécanisme réactionnel et déterminer la nature des expèces adsorbées
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Todorova, Tanya Kumanova. "Periodic density functional study on supported vanadium oxides." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15680.

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Geträgerte Vanadiumoxidkatalysatoren sind wegen ihrer Vielseitigkeit bei Oxidationsreaktionen von großem Interesse. Der Schlüssel zum Verständnis der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen ist ein weitreichendes Verständnis in die mikroskopische Struktur der Vanadiumoxide unter verschiedenen Bedingungen sowie die Art der Bindung an die Oberfläche des Trägers. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Systeme Vanadiumoxid/Aluminiumoxid und Vanadiumoxid/Siliziumoxid mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie in Kombination mit statistischer Thermodynamik untersucht. Als Modelle für Aluminiumoxid werden die stabile alpha-Al2O3 bzw. die metastabile kappa-Al2O3 Phase verwendet und ein ultradünner, epitaxialer SiO2 Film auf Mo(112) wird als Siliziumoxidsupport verwendet. Dessen einzigartige atomare Struktur, genauso wie diejenige eindimensionaler Silizumoxid-Streifen, die mit dem Film auf der Oberfläche koexistieren, wird durch kombinierte experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen aufgeklärt. Die Bildung einer neuen, "sauerstoffreichen" Phase des SiO2/Mo(112) Films wird vorhergesagt und deren Existenz anschließend experimentell gezeigt. Die Zielsetzung der Arbeit ist es zu Verstehen, wie Vanadiumoxidaggregate mit der Oberfläche verknüpft sind und den Einfluß des oxidischen Trägers auf die geometrische und elektronische Struktur der geträgerten Spezies zu untersuchen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf der Suche nach einer Korrelation von Struktureigenschaften mit der katalytischen Aktivität von Reaktionen die nach dem Mars-van Krevelen Mechanismus ablaufen. Hierzu wird die Energie für die Bildung eines Sauerstoffdefekts als Indikator für die Leistungsfähigkeit des Katalysators verwendet. Der Einfluß der Trägerstruktur auf die Schwingungsmoden des Interfacebereichs wird untersucht, um den Ursprung von charakteristischen Banden im experimentellen Spektrum von Vanadiumoxid/Siliziumoxid und Vanadiumoxid/Aluminiumoxid zu ergründen.<br>Supported vanadium oxide catalysts are of high interest because of their potential in a wide variety of oxidation reactions. A key step to fully understand the catalytic mechanism is a profound knowledge of the microscopic structure of the active vanadia species under various conditions and the way they are anchored to the support material. In the present work, density functional theory in combination with statistical thermodynamics is employed to investigate two vanadia-based systems, i.e., vanadia/alumina and vanadia/silica. The alumina support is modeled using the stable alpha-Al2O3 and the metastable kappa-Al2O3 phases, whereas ultrathin SiO2 film epitaxially grown on Mo(112) is employed as a silica support. The unique atomic structure of the latter as well as that of the one-dimensional silica stripes, found to coexist with the film in a perfect registry, are precisely determined based on combined theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, the formation of a new, "O-rich" phase of the SiO2/Mo(112) film is predicted, whose existence is subsequently experimentally confirmed. The aim of the thesis is to provide an understanding on how vanadia aggregates anchor to the surface and to examine the role of the oxide support on the molecular and electronic structure of the stable VOx species. The efforts have focused on finding correlations between structural properties and catalytic activity in reactions proceeding via the Mars-van Krevelen mechanism. In accord therewith, the formation energy of a lattice oxygen defect is used as an indicator of catalytic performance. The influence of the support structure on the interface vibrational modes is analyzed in an attempt to shed light on the origin of the characteristic bands observed in the experimental spectra of vanadia/alumina and vanadia/silica model catalysts.
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Zheng, Yuting. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux mésoporeux à base d'oxyde de vanadium pour l'oxydation de composés organiques." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0944/document.

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Les matériaux à base de vanadium sont largement utilisés comme catalyseurs pour l'oxydation de composés organiques. Les propriétés catalytiques des catalyseurs au vanadium pour l'oxydation dépendent de l'état et de la stabilité des espèces de vanadium. Dans cette étude, nous développons des nouveaux catalyseurs hétérogènes au vanadium pour la réaction d’oxydation.Dans la première partie du travail, les matériaux mésoporeux à base de silice (MCM-41) contenant du Al (III) et du Ti (IV) sont envisagés comme supports. L'effet d'ancrage chimique de ces hétéroatomes sur les ions V (V) et leur dispersion dans la silice MCM- 41 ont été étudiés à l'aide d'une analyse quantitative des spectres UV-visible de réflectance diffuse. En complément, les matériaux ont été caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X (DRX), mesure de sorption d’azote, spectroscopie de résonance magnétique électrique (RPE) et la spectroscopie Raman. Les spectres UV-visible des échantillons hydratés et déshydratés mettent en évidence la coexistence de plusieurs espèces V (V) de différente nucléarité et différent taux d'hydratation. Le décalage vers le bleu de la bande UV des échantillons contenant comme des additifs les ions Al(III) ou Ti(IV) est cohérent avec une meilleure dispersion des ions vanadium présentant entre autres plus d’espèces mononucléaires (isolées). L'effet bénéfique du titane sur la dispersion de vanadium est compatible avec la formation directe de ponts covalents de type Ti-O-V.Dans la seconde partie, les ions V(IV) ont été déposés sur des matériaux mésoporeux à base de silice en utilisant une nouvelle stratégie dite de pochoir moléculaire ou « Molecular-Stencil Patterning ». La stratégie de pochoir moléculaire s’applique à la silice contenant des tensioactifs ioniques en utilisant ces derniers comme agent de masquage lors du greffage covalent de diverses fonctions. Cette stratégie de surface moléculaire permet de contrôler à la fois le voisinage moléculaire et la dispersion à longue distance des espèces de vanadium entre elles. La caractérisation a été effectuée en utilisant plusieurs méthodes telles l’analyse thermogravimétrique (ATG), la spectroscopie de résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN), la spectroscopie infrarouge (IR) et la spectroscopie UV-visible. L'incorporation des ions titane (IV) joue le rôle d’ancre chimique pour les ions V(IV) comme dans le chapitre précédent. Il est montré qu’une proportion de V/Ti inférieure à un et proche de trois génère les meilleures conditions pour éviter la formation de gros agrégats d’oxyde de vanadium.Enfin, ces nouveaux matériaux au vanadium ont été testés en phase liquide pour catalyser l'oxydation partielle du cyclohexane en une huile désignée par son rapport molaire K/A de cyclohexanone (K) et de cyclohexanol (A). Ce mélange est utilisé comme telle en chimie industrielle de base, an particulier comme précurseurs de l'acide adipique et de caprolactame pour la synthèse du nylon. Les tests ont démontré que l’introduction de titane combiné à la stratégie de pochoir moléculaire a notablement amélioré les propriétés catalytiques de ce type de catalyseurs au vanadium.En conclusion, la silice MCM-41 au vanadium a été conçu par l’introduction des hétéroatomes d'ancrage et de la stratégie de pochoir moléculaire, afin d'améliorer la dispersion et la stabilité des sites actifs. Les matériaux conçus ont montré de meilleures propriétés et caractéristiques catalytiques dans divers caractérisation et la réaction d'oxydation<br>Vanadium-based materials are widely used as catalysts for oxidation of organic compounds. The catalytic properties of vanadium catalysts for oxidation are related closely to the state and the stability of vanadium species. Therefore, a series of vanadium-containing MCM-41 silica were designed and developed in this study, and their catalytic application for oxidation reactions was evaluated as well.In the first part of work, the chemical anchoring effect of Al(III) or Ti(IV) heteroatoms on the dispersion of V (V) in MCM-41 type silica was investigated using a quantitative analysis of diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectra. The characteristic properties of prepared materials were determined by various characterization such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption measurement, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. UV-visible spectra of hydrated and dehydrated samples evidenced the coexistence of several V(V) species of different oligomerization and hydration levels. The global blue shift of the band in the presence of Al(III) or Ti(IV) additives was then assigned to a higher proportion of less clustered and isolated V(V) species. The stronger beneficial effect of Ti on the vanadium dispersion is consistent with a higher stability of the X-O-V bridges moving from X = Si to X = Al and Ti. In the second part, new mesoporous silica materials containing vanadium species were synthesized according to the molecular stencil patterning technique. Molecular stencil patterning is developed specifically for silica templated with ionic surfactants used as masking agent to sequentially immobilize via covalent bonding (grafting) different functions. This molecular surface engineering was proved to improve the vanadium species dispersion according to Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Infrared spectroscopy (IR) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The incorporation of titanium species played again the role to immobilize the vanadium species as the results in previous work. The V/Ti ratio should be less than 1 to control the formation of clusters of vanadium species.Lastly, the vanadium-containing materials were applied to the liquid phase oxidation of cyclohexane into cyclohexanol (A) and cyclohexanone (K). A mixture of these two products is often called K/A oil in the industrial chemical production. K/A oil is widely used as a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam in the nylon industry. The catalysis results proved that the modification by adding titanium chemical anchors combined with the MSP technique improve the catalytic properties of vanadium-containing heterogeneous catalysts.In conclusion, the dispersion and stability of vanadium active sites has been improved in new syntheses of vanadium-containing MCM-41 type silica by combining both anchoring heteroatoms and molecular stencil patterning techniques. Such a novel design leads to better catalytic performance in oxidation reaction in correlation with the structural and physical characteristics of the material
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13

Taouk, Bec Hara. "Oxydes de vanadium supportés sur alumine et sur silice caractérisation physico-chimique et aspect catalytique /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376187771.

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14

Launay, Hélène Millet Jean-Marc Loridant Stéphane. "Développement de catalyseurs à base d'oxyde de molybdène ou de vanadium supporté sur silice pour l'oxydation ménagée du méthane en formaldéhyde." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/05/80/18/PDF/these.pdf.

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15

Taouk, Bechara. "Oxydes de vanadium supportés sur alumine-[alpha] et sur silice : caractérisation physico-chimique et aspect catalytique." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10041.

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16

Yeragi, Dinesh Chandrakant. "Synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of vanadia and silica-based materials." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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17

Kaya, Sarp. "Structural and catalytic investigations on vanadium oxide nanoparticles supported on silica films grown an a Mo(112) substrate." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15639.

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Die breite Anwendung von Modellsystemen, um heterogene katalytische Prozesse zu verstehen, basiert darauf, die Lücke der strukturellen Komplexität zu überbrücken zwischen heutigen technischen Katalysatoren, bestehend aus einem Metalloxid sowie einem darauf geträgerten Metall, sowie kristallinen Metallen und planaren Metall/Oxid-Systemen, welche dazu benutzt werden, Struktur-Reaktivitäts-Beziehungen mittels einer Fülle von Surface Science-Methoden zu untersuchen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt das Hauptaugenmerk auf so genannten Vanadiumoxid-‚Monolagen’-Katalysatoren, die insbesondere für Oxidationsreaktionen von Methanol eingeführt wurden. Mittels eines ‚bottom-up’-Ansatzes wurden Silica-geträgerte Vanadiumoxid-Modellkatalysatoren untersucht. Durch Kombination einer Reihe experimenteller Techniken wurde die Oberfläche von Mo(112), die als Substrat für den Silica-Film diente, im Detail untersucht und die atomare Struktur des Silica-Films wurde ermittelt. Adsorption von Wasser und das Wachstum von Vanadiumoxid-Nanopartikeln auf dem Silica-Film und schließlich die Reaktivität von Vanadiumoxid/Silica-Systemen gegenüber Methanol wurden untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu früher vorgeschlagenen Modellen sollte eine Sauerstoff-induzierte p(2×3)-Überstruktur, die sich auf einer Mo(112)-Oberfläche ausbilded, angenommen werden als ein eindimensionales Oberflächenoxid, bei dem sich Mo=O-Gruppen bevorzugt entlang der [-1-11]-Richtung der Mo(112)-Oberfläche ausbilden. Monolagen-Silica-Filme, die auf Mo(112) gewachsen wurden, bestehen aus einem zweidimensionalen Netz von SiO4-Tetraedern. In Abhängigkeit der Bedingungen, unter denen der Film präpariert wurde, kann die Struktur durch zusätzlich auf dem Mo-Substrat adsorbierte Sauerstoff-Atome verändert werden. Die Defekt-Struktur schließt Antiphasen-Domänengrenzen ein, die durch eine Verschiebung um die halbe Gitterkonstante entlang der [-110]-Richtung gebildet werden, und eine geringe Dichte von Punkt-Defekten, die höchstwahrscheinlich Silizium-Fehlstellen darstellen. Wasser dissoziiert nicht auf dem Monolagen-Silica-Film. Eine Wasser-Struktur, die geordnet bezüglich des Silica-Films ist, wurde bei 140 K beobachtet, was der guten Übereinstimmung der Gitterkonstanten von Silica-Film und hexagonalem Eis geschuldet ist. Amorphe Lagen festen Wassers, die die Oberfläche bei 100 K homogen bedecken, wurden als reaktive Lagen für Vanadiumoxid-Partikel benutzt, um die ‚Nasschemie’ nachzubilden, wie sie in der Präparation technischer Katalysatoren zum Einsatz kommt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass die Eis-Lagen die Bildung von hydratisierten Vanadiumoxid-Nanopartikeln, welche teilweise von V=O und V-OH-Gruppen terminiert werden, begünstigen. Die Dehydratisierung geschieht oberhalb 500 K, wobei eine V-terminierte Oberfläche entsteht. Methanol dissoziiert auf dehydratisierten Vanadiumoxid-Partikeln, und Methoxy-Spezies sind auf der Oberfläche stabil bis 500 K, allerdings nur in der Gegenwart von V-Plätzen. Die Produktion von Formaldehyd, die bei etwa 550 K stattfindet, ist stark abhängig von der Struktur der Oberfläche der Vanadiumoxid-Partikel und weist ein Maximum bei einem spezifischen Verhältnis zwischen V- und V=O-Oberflächenplätzen auf. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse könnten unser Verständnis von katalytischen Reaktionen auf molekularer Ebene bedeutend vorantreiben.<br>The widespread use of model systems for understanding the heterogeneous catalytic processes is based on bridging the structural complexity gap between present generation of supported metal and metal oxide technical catalysts and crystalline metal and planar metal/oxide systems, which are utilized to investigate structure-reactivity relationships by a large variety of surface science techniques. In this thesis, we focused on a concept of so-called ''monolayer'' vanadium oxide catalysts, which have been introduced particularly for methanol oxidation reactions. Following a bottom-up approach, silica supported vanadium oxide model catalysts were investigated. Combining a number of experimental techniques, the surface of Mo(112) used as a substrate for the silica films was characterized in detail and the atomic structure of the silica film was determined. Adsorption of water and growth of vanadium oxide nanoparticles on the silica films, and finally the reactivity of vanadium oxide/silica systems towards methanol were studied. In contrast to the previously suggested models, an oxygen induced p(2×3) superstructure formed on a Mo(112) surface should be considered as one dimensional surface oxide where Mo=O groups are formed preferentially along the [-1-11] direction of the Mo(112) surface. Monolayer silica films grown on Mo(112) surfaces are composed of two-dimensional network of SiO4 tetrahedra. Depending on the film preparation conditions, the structure can be altered by additional oxygen atoms adsorbed on the Mo substrate. The defect structure includes antiphase domain boundaries which form by a half-lattice shift along the [-110] direction and a low density of point defects, most probably silicon vacancies. Water does not dissociate on the monolayer silica film. An ordered structure of water with respect to silica film was observed at 140 K owing to good lattice matching between the silica film and hexagonal ice. Amorphous solid water layers homogenously covering the surface at 100 K were used as reactive layers for vanadium oxide particles in order to mimic ''wet chemistry'' used in preparation of technical catalysts. The results revealed that ice layer assisted the formation of hydrated vanadium oxide nanoparticles partially terminated by V=O and V-OH groups. The dehydration takes place above 500 K, thus exposing V-terminated surface. Methanol dissociates on dehydrated vanadium oxide particles and methoxy species are stable on the surface up to 500 K only in the presence of vanadium terminated surface sites. Formaldehyde production which takes place at ~550 K is strongly affected by the surface structure of the vanadium oxide particles and exhibits a maximum at specific ratio between V- and V=O sites on the surface. The results presented may have a strong impact on our understanding of the catalytic reactions at the molecular level.
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18

Lu, Xinnan. "Optimizing vanadium dispersion in mesoporous silicas using different anchoring metal ions for C-C catalytic bond cleavage in lignin degradation." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN070/document.

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Dans le cadre du développement durable, les procédés rapides, propres et peu énergivores sont très recherchés particulièrement en chimie pour les réactions d’oxydation. A part les solutions de génie des procédés, la catalyse est l’un des meilleurs atouts pour améliorer le processus. Le vanadium étant l’un des meilleurs métaux catalytiques pour de tels réactions, nous avions à nous attaquer son problème de relargage dans le milieu réactionnel en vue d’applications acceptables pour l’environnement. Nous proposons donc dans cette thèse des catalyseurs au vanadium fixé à l’intérieur des nano pores de silices mésoporeuses hexagonales de type MCM-41. La grande dispersion et la rétention du vanadium sont promues grâce à la présence d’ion d’ancrage : Al(III), Ti(IV), Zr(IV) and Ce(IV). Une grande variété de catalyseurs de type V-(Al/Ti/Zr/Ce)-MCM-41 ont été préparés à partir de trois méthodes de synthèse: l’une, ultra-rapide en une étape assistée par micro-onde, la seconde à étapes séquentielles multiples mettant en œuvre une technique de pochoir moléculaire et la troisième à nombre d’étapes réduites utilisant un traitement thermique partiel d’une surface préalablement organosilylée avant le greffage des métaux. Un large panel de techniques physicochimiques fut appliqué à la caractérisation de ces solides avec une attention particulière portée à l’analyse de la bande de transfert de charge ligand-métal du vanadium au degré d’oxydation +5 dont le décalage vers le bleu est corrélé à la taille des clusters d’oxyde de ces ions. La rétention du vanadium dans le méthanol a été corrélée à la dispersion du vanadium comme la dégradation à l’air du 1,2-diphényle-2-méthoxyéthanol. Ce substrat fut choisi comme modèle pour étudier la dégradation de la lignine par clivage C-C ou C-O. Notons que ce bio-polymère produit du phénoxypropanol methylé bio-sourcé utilisé dans les bio-carburants et comme précurseur en chimie fine. Dans le cas présent, un balayage à haut débit de la dégradation de cette molécule mettant en œuvre 96 mini-réacteurs en parallèle a permis de sélectionner le solvant, le métal d’ancrage et la teneure des deux métaux donnant la plus haute conversion. Contrairement aux catalyseurs homogènes, nos catalyseurs présentent une très haute sélectivité en clivage C-C<br>The search for practical large-scale, fast, clean and energy saving chemical processes are highly regarded in the frame of a sustainable development, particularly for the most problematic oxidation reactions. Apart from chemical engineering solutions, improving the process using heterogeneous catalysis is one of the most adapted solution. Vanadium being considered the best metal for such kind of reactions, one had to tackle the problem of its high dispersion on a support to minimize its high propensity for leaching and to optimize its stability for practicable, safe and clean uses. In the present thesis, vanadium is supported inside the nanopores of a mesoporous silica of MCM-41 type where the high dispersion is assisted by the presence of anchoring ions such as Al(III), Ti(IV), Zr(IV) and Ce(IV) ions. A large set of V-(Al/Ti/Zr/Ce)-MCM-41 catalysts was prepared according to three different methods of preparation: i) ultra-fast one-pot synthesis protocol using the assistance of microwave, ii) post-synthesis modification using molecular stencil patterning (MSP) technique and iii) partial thermal treatment (PTT) of the organo-silylated support. The catalysts were characterized thoroughly using a panel of physical techniques and, particularly, the blue shift of the optical gap measured from the vanadium charge transfer band known to correlated with the dispersion of the metal. In complement, the stability was tested from metal leaching using methanol as a corrosive solvent while their catalytic reactivity was estimated in the aerobic oxidation of 1,2-diphenyl-2-methoxyethanol. This is a model reaction that simulates the oxidative C-C bond cleavage in lignin, the most difficult and crucial step in the degradation of this biopolymer, then producing in a clean way valuable methoxylated phenoxy propanol units useful for biomass fuels or bio-sourced precursors for fine chemistry. A high throughput screening approach was applied to test this aerobic oxidation reaction running over 96 reactors in parallel at the same temperature and sorting out the best catalysts with the most suitable anchoring ions and metal loading for the highest catalytic efficiency<br>在可持续发展的背景下,对于清洁高效节能可行的大规模化工过程尤其是存在诸多问题的氧化反应过程的探索倍受瞩目。除化学工程解决方案之外,通过多相催化来改进反应过程也是最可行的途径之一。钒被认为是最适合于催化此类反应的金属之一,其亟待解决的问题是实现钒在载体上的高度分散,并最大限度地降低其浸出倾向,改善其稳定性,从而实现对其安全清洁有效的利用。本文提出将钒负载于MCM-41型六方介孔二氧化硅的纳米孔道中,通过锚定离子如Al(III)、 Ti(IV)、Zr(IV)、Ce(IV)离子的存在促进钒的高度分散和固载。采用三种不同的方法制备了一系列V-(Al/Ti/Zr/Ce)-MCM-41催化剂:1、超快微波一步合成法,2、使用分子复刻版技术改性的后嫁接法,3、对有机硅烷化载体进行部分热处理改性的后嫁接法。通过一系列物理化学技术对合成的催化剂进行了充分表征,特别是对与金属分散度相关的钒的电荷跃迁带的测量和与其对应的光谱带隙蓝移进行了分析。随后,以甲醇作为腐蚀溶剂对合成的钒催化剂进行了金属析出的稳定性测试。通过一种木质素模型化合物1,2-diphenyl-2-methoxyethanol的需氧氧化反应测试了所合成负载型钒催化剂的催化活性。在相同温度及反应条件下,用96通道高通量微反应器技术评价了所制催化剂对该反应的催化性能,筛选出具有最高催化效率的负载型钒催化剂及其最适合的锚定离子。该反应中的碳-碳键裂解反应是木质素降解的最关键也是最困难的步骤之一,可通过这类生物聚合物的降解以清洁的方式生产有用的生物质燃料或生物来源高附加值精细化学品前驱体。
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Keränen, Jetta. "Synthèse par dépôt en couche mince, caractérisation et applications catalytiques de matériaux à base d'oxydes de vanadium, titane et silicium." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10168.

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Le dépôt en couche mince ou " atomic layer deposition " (ALD), une technique basée sur des réactions gaz-solide, a été appliqué pour synthétiser des matériaux tels que V2O5/SiO2, V2O5/TiO2 et V2O5/TiO2/SiO2. Des solides homologues ont été préparés par imprégnation conventionnelle. Les catalyseurs ont été caractérisés par BET, DRX, XPS, RTP, microscopie électronique, spectroscopies IR, UV-vis, Raman, microcalorimétrie d'adsorption, et testés en réactions de déshydrogénation et d'oxydation sélective. La dispersion, la structure superficielle et la cristallinité de la phase active ont été fortement affectées par la méthode de préparation et la nature du support, en faveur des catalyseurs ALD. Le dépôt en phase gazeuse a permis d'améliorer la réductibilité des catalyseurs ainsi que d'obtenir des caractéristiques acido-basiques de surface et des propriétés catalytiques plus intéressantes, comparativement aux catalyseurs imprégnés.
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20

Launay, Hélène. "Développement de catalyseurs à base d'oxyde de molybdène ou de vanadium supporté sur silice pour l'oxydation ménagée du méthane en formaldéhyde." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011544.

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Deux types de catalyseurs à base d'oxyde de molybdène ou de vanadium supporté sur silice, actuellement les plus performants en oxydation sélective du méthane en formaldéhyde, ont été étudiés et développés dans l'optique d'une application industrielle. Une évaluation économique a permis de déterminer les performances catalytiques à atteindre pour que ce procédé de conversion directe devienne économiquement attractif par rapport au procédé industriel actuel de production du formaldéhyde en trois étapes. <br />Les catalyseurs ont été préparés et testés. Plusieurs voies d'amélioration de leurs performances catalytiques ont été étudiées. Différentes techniques (TRP, RPE, spectroscopies Raman, IR, XANES ...) et une étude spectroscopique en conditions operando ont été mises en œuvre pour caractériser la structure du catalyseur et la nature des sites catalytiques. Un mécanisme réactionnel a été proposé pour le catalyseur VOx/SiO2, faisant intervenir des espèces vanadium avec une activation du méthane sur des ions O- résultant d'un transfert électronique avec le vanadium.
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21

Drezen, Thierry. "Nouveaux oxydes mesoporeux a base de silice modifies par le vanadium et le fer pour la catalyse heterogene. Synthese hydrothermale de nouveaux oxydes de vanadium et de molybdene textures par des diamines : (nh#2(ch#2)#nnh#2) (n 2, 3, 6, 8)." Nantes, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NANT2065.

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A la suite des premiers travaux de kresge et coll. Sur les mesoporeux, si-mcm-41, obtenus par effet template de molecules amphiphiles, nous avons choisi, dans une premiere partie, de preparer des mesoporeux type mcm-41 modifies par le vanadium et le fer pour leur interet potentiel en catalyse d'oxydation heterogene. Les phases ont ete preparees in-situ et par impregnation. De nombreuses techniques de caracterisation : diffraction rx sur poudre, mesures de surface specifique b. E. T. Et de porosite ; spectroscopies ir, raman, rmn (#5#1v, #2#9si, #1h) et mossbauer (#5#7fe) ont permis de preciser le degre d'oxydation du fer et du vanadium, leur geometrie de site et leur repartition au sein du mesoporeux. Des tests catalytiques d'oxydation du toluene par l'eau oxygenee en milieu aqueux sur les phases au fer et d'oxydation deshydrogenante du propane en propene, a faible taux de conversion, effectues a 400c sur les phases au vanadium ont permis de preciser l'effet de dispersion des especes. Dans une seconde partie, des oxydes bronze de vanadium textures par les diamino-hexane et -octane ont ete prepares par voie hydrothermale et caracterises. La structure est formee de clusters v#1#5o#3#6(cl) stabilises par interactions avec les cations alkyldiammonium avec lesquels ils partagent des liaisons hydrogene. L'anion cl est encapsule au centre d'une cage polyoxovanadique. Deux oxydes de molybdene, un bronze et un oxyde non reduit ont ete egalement textures respectivement par l'ethylenediamine et le diaminopropane. Le double role d'agent reducteur et d'espece texturant des diamines a fait l'objet d'une discussion pour les deux systemes hybrides au vanadium et au molybdene.
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22

Shiels, Rebecca Anne. "Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silica and polymer supported catalysts for the production of fine chemicals." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29629.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Dr. Christopher Jones; Committee Member: Dr. Dennis Hess; Committee Member: Dr. Hang Lu; Committee Member: Dr. Marcus Weck; Committee Member: Dr. Pradeep Agrawal. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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23

MALKA, KAREN. "Reactivite du pentachlorure de molybdene sur des oxydes de vanadium, niobium et bismuth supportes sur silice : preparation de catalyseurs mixtes. comportement oscillant de la reaction d'oxydation menagee du methanol sur ces catalyseurs." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066153.

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L'etude de la reactivite du pentachlorure de molybdene en phase gazeuse a 30c sur des oxydes de vanadium, de niobium ou de bismuth supportes sur silice se situe dans le cadre plus general de la preparation de catalyseurs a base d'oxydes mixtes supportes sur silice. Une interaction preferentielle entre le molybdene et l'oxyde supporte plutot qu'avec la silice, a ete observee. Une phase mixte se forme avec l'oxyde de vanadium (oxychlorure de vanadium et de molybdene) et avec l'oxyde de bismuth (molybdate de bismuth) alors qu'avec l'oxyde de niobium, seule une interaction de surface est presente. Ces interactions s'accompagnent du transfert de l'electron du molybdene (au degre d'oxydation +5) vers le vanadium (+5) et de l'absence de transfert mais avec delocalisation de l'electron du molybdene sur le niobium (+5), en accord avec les reactions d'oxydo-reduction deduites des inegalites des potentiels redox standards des couples en solution. En revanche, la formation du molybdate de bismuth (+3) suppose l'oxydation du molybdene au degre d'oxydation (+5) en (+6), ce qui est en desaccord avec la reaction d'oxydo-reduction deduite de l'inegalite des potentiels redox des couples (bi3+/bi et mo#6#+/mo#5#+). Le protocole de preparation (impregnation puis greffage, impregnation en deux etapes, coimpregnation) des catalyseurs a base d'oxydes de vanadium et de molybdene a une influence sur la nature des especes de la phase supportee sur la silice et sur la proportion d'ions vanadium et molybdene de surface. Cette proportion a pu etre correlee a celle des differents centres acido-basiques caracterises par la reaction test d'oxydation menagee du methanol. Les catalyseurs a base d'oxydes simples ou mixtes (v, mo, v-mo, bi-mo, ca-mo) supportes sur silice presentent pour cette reaction un comportement inhabituel caracterise par des oscillations temporelles de l'activite catalytique
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Balestra, Giovanna. "Studio di nuovi processi di sintesi di anidride maleica in fase gas." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10065/.

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Oggi il mercato mondiale dell'anidride maleica (AM) è in continua espansione grazie ad un numero sempre crescente di applicazioni finali e sviluppo di nuove tecnologie industriali. La AM viene impiegata nella produzione di resine poliestere insature e resine alchidiche e nella produzione di chemicals a più alto valore aggiunto. Il processo di sintesi è tutt’ora basato sull'ossidazione selettiva del benzene e del n-butano. Con l’aumento delle emissione di gas serra, legate all’impiego di materie di origine fossile e la loro continua diminuzione, si stanno studiando nuovi processi basati su materie derivanti da fonti rinnovali. Tra i vari processi studiati vi è quello per la sintesi di AM, i quali utilizzano come molecola di furfurale, 5-idrossimetilfurfurale e 1-butanolo; tutte queste presentano però il problema di un costo superiore rispetto alle molecole tutt’ora usate. Ad oggi una delle molecole ottenibili da fonti rinnovabili avente un costo competitivo alle materie derivanti da fonti fossili è il bio-etanolo. Essendo nota la possibilità di trasformare dell’etanolo in composti a 4 atomi di carbonio (C4) come 1-butanolo (reazione di Guerbet) e in 1,3- butadiene (processo Lebedev) su ossidi misti Mg/Si e la loro trasformazioni in AM, è’ dunque possibile ipotizzare un processo operante in fase gas che accoppi entrambi i processi. Lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è stato quello di effettuare uno studio su sistemi catalitici mediante differenti approcci impiantistici. Il primo ha previsto l’impiego di un sistema detto “a cascata” nel quale è stato accoppiato il sistema misto a base di Mg/Si/O, per la trasformazione dell’etanolo a C4, e il pirofosfato di vanadile (VPP), per l’ossidazione selettiva di quest’ultimi in AM. Il secondo approccio ha previsto l’impiego di un unico sistema multifunzionale in grado di catalizzare tutti gli step necessari. In quest’ultimo caso, i sistemi studiati sono stati il Mg2P2O7 ed un sistema costituito da VPP DuPont sul quale è stato depositato MgO. I catalizzatori sono stati caratterizzati mediante diffrattometria a raggi X, spettroscopia Raman e analisi dell’area superficiale mediante metodo BET, mentre i test catalitici sono stati condotti su un impianto di laboratorio con un reattore assimilabile ad un modello di tipo PFR.
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25

OLIVEIRA, RENE R. de. "Estudo do efeito da tensão residual na microdeformação da rede cristalina e no tamanho de cristalito em aço Cr-Si-V jateado com granalhas de aço." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27497.

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Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-05-25T11:30:49Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T11:30:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>No presente trabalho foram estudados alguns efeitos causados pelo jateamento por granalhas no aço Cr-Si-V, processo que tem por objetivo aumentar a resistência à fadiga. Para este estudo a variação de parâmetros no processo são ferramentas para melhor compreender os mecanismos que influenciam esta propriedade. Os parâmetros utilizados neste trabalho foram a variação da granalha e o pré tensionamento das amostras aplicados em lâminas utilizadas em feixe de molas automobilísticas de aço de liga cromo silício vanádio (SAE 9254+V). Inicialmente foi realizada a avaliação do perfil de tensão residual, efetuada por difração de raios-x pelo método do sen2 ao longo da espessura na região onde a tensão é compressiva. Nos resultados nota-se um efeito anômalo em relação ao perfil característico da distribuição de tensão residual com a perda de compressão nas camadas iniciais em relação à superfície jateada. Com o uso da microscopia eletrônica de varredura foi observado a região afetada pelo jateamento por granalhas notando que as regiões plasticamente deformadas se encontram nas mesmas regiões onde ocorre a diminuição da tensão residual compressiva. O perfil obtido pela difração de raios-x fornece as informações necessárias com o propósito de conjugar os efeitos que a microtensão (microdeformação) influenciam na macrotensão (tensão residual). Esta relação foi comprovada pela sobreposição dos resultados encontrados na distribuição da microdeformação da rede cristalina com a tensão residual ao longo da espessura na região plasticamente deformada. Os resultados dos perfis das difrações de raios-x mostraram a existência de anisotropia de tensões entre os planos, geradas por defeitos de empilhamento e pela densidade de discordâncias. Assim sendo, para obter os valores das microtensões devem ser considerados os fatores das constantes elásticas (conforme o módulo das direções) e dos planos cristalográficos. O método aplicado foi o Williamson-Hall modificado. Além deste método outros também foram utilizados, tais como: método de Warren-Averbach e o método Single Line, este aplicando a série de Fourier, porém, ao observar os resultados, nota-se a diferença entre os valores obtidos nas deformações, tanto aos métodos quanto aos planos cristalográficos, porém a ênfase deste trabalho foi dada às características dos perfis da distribuição e não aos valores absolutos. Somando a isto, foi proporcionado o estudo da distribuição do tamanho médio de cristalito ao longo da espessura no perfil das difrações de raios-x e os resultados mostraram que esta distribuição varia de forma inversa a microdeformação. A relação entre o tamanho médio de cristalito e a variação das distâncias interplanares corresponde diretamente a alterações das densidades de discordâncias ocorridas no material que por sua vez estão ligadas às microdeformações da rede cristalina. Como complemento ao trabalho foram analisados o fator de concentração de tensão e ensaios de fadiga do material. O fator de concentração de tensão não variou conforme a utilização das granalhas S330 e S390, ambas sendo aplicadas no mesmo regime de jateamento. Os ensaios de fadiga indicaram que o pré tensionamento aumenta a vida útil nas tensões cíclicas do material estudado.<br>Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/T<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Mahoney, Luther James. "Photocatalysis studies using mesoporous modified V-MCM-48 Stober synthesis: acetaldehyde, carbon monoxide, ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol, & acetonitrile." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4198.

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27

Hsieh, Chan-Yen, and 謝忱彥. "Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Propertics of Vanadium Silicates." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63532984618122948098.

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28

Moisii, Cristina. "Vibrational spectroscopy of silica supported vanadium and chromium catalyst systems." 2006. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11082006-134504/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2006.<br>Advisor: Albert E. Stiegman, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed May 20, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 151 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Carter, Donald F. Stiegman Albert E. "Spectroscopic studies of vanadium and chromium in crystalline and amorphous silica matrices." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07162004-131013.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004.<br>Advisor: Dr. Albert E. Stiegman, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 27, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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30

Kaya, Sarp [Verfasser]. "Structural and catalytic investigations on vanadium oxide nanoparticles supported on silica films grown an a Mo(112) substrate / von Sarp Kaya." 2007. http://d-nb.info/98535366X/34.

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31

Huang, Yuting, and 黃鈺婷. "Catalytic Oxidation of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene over Silica Supported Vanadia Catalysts:Role of TiO2, WO3, MoO3 Promoter." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37577610175799166764.

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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>化學工程研究所<br>101<br>The goals of this study was to investigate the roles of V2O5-TiO2 interactions in improving vanadia catalysts for oxidative destruction of 1, 2-dichlorobenzene and to examine the feasibility of improving catalytic properties by the addition of MoO3 and WO3 in vanadia catalyst. V2O5/TiO2 (VT) and V2O5/TiO2-SiO2 (VTQ) catalysts were prepared by impregnation technique. Vanadium oxalate were incorporated into anatase TiO2 nano-particles and TiO2-SiO2 supports, respectively, and then followed by calcination at temperature ranging from 350 to 700 C. The prepared catalyst samples were characterized by synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Extend X-ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS), X-ray adsorption near edges structure (XANES), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Accelerated-aging tests were performed to evaluate the catalytic performance and were carried out in a continued fixed bed under 1 atm in air with temperature elevated from 200oC to 550oC. The activity loss in the test was estimated from the difference of conversion for the fresh and aged catalyst run at 350oC. TiVO4 formed on TiO2, evidenced by PXRD, suggested the existence of V2O5-TiO2 interactions. FT-IR further indicated that vanadia-titania interactions were increased with the elevation of calcination temperature. Compared with V2O5/SiO2 (VQ) catalyst, VT catalysts present lower vanadia dispersion but higher o-DCB conversion, suggesting that vanadia activity is enhanced by the interactions. However, VT catalysts suffered from low surface area, low thermal stability, and high cost of TiO2 nano-particles support. To remedy the drawbacks of of TiO2 while keep the merits of V2O5-TiO2 interactions, TiO2-SiO2 supports were prepared by grafting TiO2 on SiO2 supports. As expected, the experimental data indicated that the catalytic properties of the vanadia catalysts was greatly improved by the use of TiO2-SiO2 supports. Based on FT-IR, EXAFS, and XANES results, we proposed that the improvement of the catalytic properties by V2O5-TiO2 interactions are mainly resulted from the reduce of oxygen-containing intermediate strongly adsorbed on the active sites due to the decrease of coordination charge of vanadium and the increase of the active sites due to the disruption of V-O-Ti bonds in the test reaction. It has been reported that VT catalyst can be promoted by MoO3 and WO3. Inferred from this results, we expected that V2O5/TiO2-SiO2 (VTQ) can further be improved by the addition of these metal oxides. Unfortunately, at this moment, opposites were observed in the performance tests.
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