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Journal articles on the topic 'Vegetated buffer zone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Ahola, Helena. "Vegetated buffer zone project of the Vantaa River river basin." Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 89, no. 1 (1989): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00167223.1989.10649277.

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RÄTY, M., R. HORN, and K. RASA. "Compressive behaviour of the soil in buffer zones under different management practices in Finland." Agricultural and Food Science 19, no. 2 (2008): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960610791542370.

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Soil structure that favours infiltration is essential for successful functioning of vegetated buffer zones. We measured bulk density, air permeability and precompression stress in a clay soil (Vertic Cambisol) and a sandy loam (Haplic Regosol) in Finland, to identify management-related changes in the physical and mechanical properties in the surface soil of buffer zones. In addition, the impact of texture on these properties was studied at depths down to 180?200 cm. Soil cores (240 cm3) were sampled from a cultivated field, from buffer zones harvested by grazing (only in a clay soil) or by cutting and removing the vegetation, and from buffer zones covered with natural grass vegetation. The samples were equilibrated at a matric potential of -6 kPa and compressed at a normal stress range of 20-400 kPa (7 h), followed by stress removal (1 h). Generally, the clay soil was more compressible than the sandy loam. Due to trampling by cattle, the young grazed buffer zone (0-3 cm) had the largest bulk density and the smallest total porosity. For the grazed sites, reduced air permeability (2.7-5.1 × 10-5 m s-1) was found, compared with that of the buffer zone under natural vegetation (15-22 × 10-5 m s-1), indicating decreased pore continuity. Although the old grazed site was easily compressed, compared with the younger site, it showed a greater resilience capacity due to the protective cover of organic residues accumulated on the soil surface.

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Syversen, Nina, and Ketil Haarstad. "Retention of pesticides and nutrients in a vegetated buffer root zone compared to soil with low biological activity." International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 85, no. 15 (2005): 1175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03067310500117400.

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Zhang, Hongxing, Mingliang Zhang, Tianping Xu, and Jun Tang. "Numerical Investigations of Tsunami Run-Up and Flow Structure on Coastal Vegetated Beaches." Water 10, no. 12 (2018): 1776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121776.

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Tsunami waves become hazardous when they reach the coast. In South and Southeast Asian countries, coastal forest is widely utilized as a natural approach to mitigate tsunami damage. In this study, a depth-integrated numerical model was established to simulate wave propagation in a coastal region with and without forest cover. This numerical model was based on a finite volume Roe-type scheme, and was developed to solve the governing equations with the option of treating either a wet or dry wave front boundary. The governing equations were modified by adding a drag force term caused by vegetation. First, the model was validated for the case of solitary wave (breaking and non-breaking) run-up and run-down on a sloping beach, and long periodic wave propagation was investigated on a partially vegetated beach. The simulated results agree well with the measured data. Further, tsunami wave propagation on an actual-scale slope covered by coastal forest Pandanus odoratissimus (P. odoratissimus) and Casuarina equisetifolia (C. equisetifolia) was simulated to elucidate the influence of vegetation on tsunami mitigation with a different forest open gap. The numerical results revealed that coastal vegetation on sloping beach has significant potential to mitigate the impacts from tsunami waves by acting as a buffer zone. Coastal vegetation with open gaps causes the peak flow velocity at the exit of the gap to increase, and reduces the peak flow velocity behind the forest. Compared to a forest with open gaps in a linear arrangement, specific arrangements of gaps in the forest can increase the energy attenuation from tsunami wave. The results also showed that different cost-effective natural strategies in varying forest parameters including vegetation collocations, densities, and growth stages had significant impacts in reducing the severity of tsunami damage.

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Zhang, Dong, Liu, Gao, Hu, and Wu. "Mapping Tidal Flats with Landsat 8 Images and Google Earth Engine: A Case Study of the China’s Eastern Coastal Zone circa 2015." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (2019): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080924.

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Accurate and up-to-date tidal flat mapping is of much importance to learning how coastal ecosystems work in a time of anthropogenic disturbances and rising sea levels, which will provide scientific instruction for sustainable management and ecological assessments. For large-scale and high spatial-resolution mapping of tidal flats, it is difficult to obtain accurate tidal flat maps without multi-temporal observation data. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential and advantages of the freely accessible Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery archive and Google Earth Engine (GEE) for accurate tidal flats mapping. A novel approach was proposed, including multi-temporal feature extraction, machine learning classification using GEE and morphological post-processing. The 50 km buffer of the coastline from Hangzhou Bay to Yalu River in China’s eastern coastal zone was taken as the study area. From the perspective of natural attributes and unexploited status of tidal flats, we delineated a broader extent comprising intertidal flats, supratidal barren flats and vegetated flats, since intertidal flats are major component of the tidal flats. The overall accuracy of the resultant map was about 94.4% from a confusion matrix for accuracy assessment. The results showed that the use of time-series images can greatly eliminate the effects of tidal level, and improve the mapping accuracy. This study also proved the potential and advantage of combining the GEE platform with time-series Landsat images, due to its powerful cloud computing platform, especially for large scale and longtime tidal flats mapping.

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Koenig, Sarah, and Michèle Trémolières. "Transfer of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Nutrients in Vegetated Buffer Zones Receiving Treatment Plant Effluent." Environmental Processes 5, no. 3 (2018): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40710-018-0309-4.

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Carluer, N., C. Lauvernet, D. Noll, and R. Munoz-Carpena. "Defining context-specific scenarios to design vegetated buffer zones that limit pesticide transfer via surface runoff." Science of The Total Environment 575 (January 2017): 701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.105.

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Ligtermoet, Emma, Jane M. Chambers, Halina T. Kobryn, and Jenny Davis. "Determining the extent and condition of riparian zones in drinking water supply catchments in Sarawak, Malaysia." Water Supply 9, no. 5 (2009): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.580.

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Land cover within eight drinking water catchments in Sarawak was classified into six categories using satellite imagery and GIS. The categories represented varying levels of vegetation modification from largely undisturbed or mature secondary vegetation (Category 1) through to bare, non-vegetated areas (Category 6). Rivers less than ∼10 m in width were usually ‘invisible’ on satellite images because of dense canopy cover. More than 70% of headwaters in all catchments, except one (Buri Bakong), were not visible, indicating the presence of dense riparian vegetation. For the river sections that were visible on satellite images, 5%–22% of the riparian buffer was highly degraded (completely lacking vegetation). The highest degree of riparian modification occurred in the lowlands, the midland catchment of Tingkas and the highland catchment of Trusan. Although Sarawak government policy requires buffer widths of 5–50 m of natural vegetation to be retained along all streams and rivers in drinking water supply catchments these guidelines were not met at nine of the eleven field sites surveyed. These results suggest that compliance with buffer guidelines is important to water quality in rivers, particularly in logging areas, oil palm plantations and near settlements.

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Dhondt, Karel, Pascal Boeckx, Georges Hofman, and Oswald Van Cleemput. "Temporal and spatial patterns of denitrification enzyme activity and nitrous oxide fluxes in three adjacent vegetated riparian buffer zones." Biology and Fertility of Soils 40, no. 4 (2004): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0773-z.

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Ribaudo, Cristina, Juliette Tison-Rosebery, Mélissa Eon, Gwilherm Jan, and Vincent Bertrin. "Wind Exposure Regulates Water Oxygenation in Densely Vegetated Shallow Lakes." Plants 10, no. 7 (2021): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071269.

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The presence of dense macrophyte canopies in shallow lakes locally generates thermal stratification and the buildup of labile organic matter, which in turn stimulate the biological oxygen demand. The occurrence of hypoxic conditions may, however, be buffered by strong wind episodes, which favor water mixing and reoxygenation. The present study aims at explicitly linking the wind action and water oxygenation within dense hydrophytes stands in shallow lakes. For this purpose, seasonal 24 h-cycle campaigns were carried out for dissolved gases and inorganic compounds measurements in vegetated stands of an oligo-mesotrophic shallow lake. Further, seasonal campaigns were carried out in a eutrophic shallow lake, at wind-sheltered and -exposed sites. Overall results showed that dissolved oxygen (DO) daily and seasonal patterns were greatly affected by the degree of wind exposure. The occurrence of frequent wind episodes favored the near-bottom water mixing, and likely facilitated mechanical oxygen supply from the atmosphere or from the pelagic zone, even during the maximum standing crop of plants (i.e., summer and autumn). A simple model linking wind exposure (Keddy Index) and water oxygenation allowed us to produce an output management map, which geographically identified wind-sheltered sites as the most subjected to critical periods of hypoxia.

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Saulais, M., J. P. Bedell, and C. Delolme. "Cd, Cu and Zn mobility in contaminated sediments from an infiltration basin colonized by wild plants: The case of Phalaris arundinacea and Typha latifolia." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (2011): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.161.

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Infiltration basins are shallow reservoirs in which stormwater is temporarily collected in order to reduce water volume in downstream networks. The settling of stormwater particles leads to a contaminated sediment layer. Wild plants can colonize these basins and can also play a role on the fate of heavy metals either directly by their uptake or indirectly by modification of physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment and therefore by modification of the mobility of heavy metals. The aim of this study, carried out in a vegetated infiltration basin, is to assess Cd, Cu and Zn mobility in two zones colonized by different species, Phalaris arundinacea and Typha latifolia. The study was carried out using three single chemical extractions: CaCl2 for the exchangeable phase, acetate buffer for the acido-soluble fraction and diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) for the fraction associated to the organic matter. Zn and Cd are mainly associated to carbonated and organic matter phases of the sediment. Moreover, acetate buffer-extractable Zn contents are strongly correlated to carbonates content in the sediment. DTPA-extractable Cu contents are strongly correlated with organic carbon sediment contents. We have also noted that extractable contents were significantly different between both zones whatever the metal.

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Capodaglio, Andrea G., Silvia Bolognesi, and Daniele Cecconet. "Sustainable, Decentralized Sanitation and Reuse with Hybrid Nature-Based Systems." Water 13, no. 11 (2021): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111583.

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Nature (ecosystem) based processes for wastewater treatment include constructed wetlands (CWs), waste stabilization ponds, vegetated drainage ditches, buffer zones, instream or bankside river techniques, and mixotrophic systems, where light and CO2 are utilized, in addition to organic carbon compounds, by algal cultures. Algae-based systems can simultaneously remove organic matter, N, and P and may offer substantial energetic advantages compared to traditional biological treatment systems, require small spatial footprint, and contribute to biofuels production and CO2 emissions mitigation. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) present characteristics compatible with the use in isolated realities for water and wastewater treatment with contextual energy recovery and may be combined with other nature-based process technologies to achieve good treatment and energy efficiencies. Despite that their application in real-scale plants has not been assessed yet, the most probable outcome will be the in situ/on site treatment (or pretreatment) of wastes for small “in house” plants not connected to the sewerage network. This paper focuses on the current practices and perspectives of hybrid nature-based systems, such as constructed wetlands and microalgae integrated phytoremediation plants, and their possible integration with microbial electrochemical technologies to increase recovery possibilities from wastes and positively contribute to a green economy approach.

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Cornacchia, Loreta, Geraldene Wharton, Grieg Davies, et al. "Self-organization of river vegetation leads to emergent buffering of river flows and water levels." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1931 (2020): 20201147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1147.

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Global climate change is expected to impact hydrodynamic conditions in stream ecosystems. There is limited understanding of how stream ecosystems interact and possibly adapt to novel hydrodynamic conditions. Combining mathematical modelling with field data, we demonstrate that bio-physical feedback between plant growth and flow redistribution triggers spatial self-organization of in-channel vegetation that buffers for changed hydrological conditions. The interplay of vegetation growth and hydrodynamics results in a spatial separation of the stream into densely vegetated, low-flow zones divided by unvegetated channels of higher flow velocities. This self-organization process decouples both local flow velocities and water levels from the forcing effect of changing stream discharge. Field data from two lowland, baseflow-dominated streams support model predictions and highlight two important stream-level emergent properties: vegetation controls flow conveyance in fast-flowing channels throughout the annual growth cycle, and this buffering of discharge variations maintains water depths and wetted habitat for the stream community. Our results provide important evidence of how plant-driven self-organization allows stream ecosystems to adapt to changing hydrological conditions, maintaining suitable hydrodynamic conditions to support high biodiversity.

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Wu, Jian Q., Li J. Xiong, and Chen Y. Sha. "Removal of N, P from seepage and runoff by different vegetated and slope buffer strips." Water Science and Technology, May 18, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.237.

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Abstract The migration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) from farmland to river not only results in fertilizer inefficiency, but also aggravates water pollution and eutrophication. It is of great significance to construct a reasonable vegetation buffer zone between the river and farmland to protect water quality. By using constructed buffer strips and runoff hydrometric devices, quantitative research was conducted on removal loads of N and P in a field experiment of different vegetated and slope strips. Results showed that removal rates of TN, NH4+-N, and TP by different vegetated strips were 2 ∼ 3 times higher than the control group. The removal ratios of seepage accounted for 73.6%, 66.9%, 73.9% of total seepage and runoff in three vegetated strips, respectively. On the 2% gradient strips with Cynodon dactylon, the removal ratios of TN, NH4+-N, and TP were 36%, 34%, 37%, which were higher than that with 5% gradient, respectively. And removal ratios from the seepage of 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% gradient strips were 71.66%, 68.14%, 64.39%, and 61.93% of the total, respectively. The conclusion can provide the basis of vegetation and slope optimization for the design and construction of a riparian buffer zone, so as to control non-point source pollution effectively.

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Boz, Bruno, Giuseppina Pipitone, Bruna Gumiero, Paolo Bazzoffi, and Luigi Sansone. "Analysis of suspended solids and Glyphosate and efficacy of the cross-compliance standard 5.2 ‘buffer strips’ in the protection of superficial water from suspended solids in runoff conveyed through a vineyard." Italian Journal of Agronomy 10, no. 1s (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2015.701.

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Several studies have described the effectiveness of vegetated buffer strips, interposed between the cultivated areas and water bodies, in removal of suspended solids and other pollutants such as Glyphosate conveyed through surface runoff. This monitoring study has quantified the effects of a 5-metre wide herbaceous buffer zone, adjacent to a vineyard, built according to the Standard 5.2 of Cross-compliance (M.D. 27417). The amount of runoff generated was 3.9% of the total annual rainfall, with negligible differences in terms of volume after flowing through the buffer zone. The effectiveness of the buffer zone in suspended solids removal was, in terms of mass balance, of 45.5%. The glyphosate outputs from the vineyard, unlike in other experiences, were negligible and therefore it was not possible to evaluate the efficiency of the buffer zone in removing it. This is due to the low rainfall occurred in the period following distribution that has favoured <em>in situ</em> degradation of Glyphosate.

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