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Journal articles on the topic 'Verb stem'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Hyman, Larry M. "Tone in Runyankore Verb Stem Reduplication." Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus 62, no. 2 (2022): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5842/62-2-901.

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In this paper I describe the surprisingly extensive range of choices Runyankore speakers have in “devaluative-frequentative” verb stem reduplication (“to sort of do X, to do X here and there, to do X a lot”). Analyzed as stem-compounding, both single (stem1-stem2) and multiple (stem1-stem2-stem3...) reduplication are possible of a stem such as furumuka “dash out” (furumuka-furumuka(-furumuka...)), with the possibility of left-aligned truncation (furu-furumuka, furumu-furumuka), right-aligned truncation (furumuka-muka, furumuka-rumuka) and both (furu-furumuka-muka). In addition, prefinal stems

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2

Gerber, Pascal. "Verb stem alternation in Gongduk." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 23, no. 2 (2022): 240–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00105.ger.

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Abstract This paper provides a first overview of verb stem alternation in Gongduk (eastern Bhutan, Trans-Himalayan). Verb stem alternation in Gongduk is conditioned both by morphophonology and by grammatical categories. This paper presents both the morphophonologically transparent as well as the phonologically opaque, paradigmatic stem alternation. The analysis provided in this paper identifies seven verb classes and a small number of irregular verbs. Additionally, this paper provides some diachronic observations on Gongduk verb stems and shows that different stem classes of Gongduk preserve d

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3

Godfroid, Aline, and Maren S. Uggen. "ATTENTION TO IRREGULAR VERBS BY BEGINNING LEARNERS OF GERMAN." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 35, no. 2 (2013): 291–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263112000897.

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This study focuses on beginning second language learners’ attention to irregular verb morphology, an area of grammar that many adults find difficult to acquire (e.g., DeKeyser, 2005; Larsen-Freeman, 2010). We measured beginning learners’ eye movements during sentence processing to investigate whether or not they actually attend to irregular verb features and, if so, whether the amount of attention that they pay to these features predicts their acquisition. On the assumption that attention facilitates learning (e.g., Gass, 1997; Robinson, 2003; Schmidt, 2001), we expected more attention (i.e.,

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4

Chirkova, Katia, and Skalbzang Tshering. "Verb stem alternations in Pingwu Baima." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 46, no. 2 (2023): 165–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.22016.chi.

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Abstract This paper focuses on stem alternations in Pingwu Baima (Tibetic). It examines a larger corpus of data than the corpora in previous works and systematically relates alternating verbs to classical WT paradigms. Our data reveal a relatively high number of alternating verbs in Baima, with verbs with two stems constituting the absolute majority of all alternating verbs. A systematic comparison of alternating verbs to classical WT paradigms confirms that stem alternations in Baima regularly reflect OT verb morphology. Such a comparison also reveals a clear tendency toward elimination in Ba

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5

Taft, Marcus, and Sonny Li. "It’s hard to be talented." Mental Lexicon 14, no. 1 (2019): 124–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.18011.taf.

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Abstract In a visual lexical decision task, recognition is shown in two experiments to be harder for possessional adjectives that look like they are inflected verbs (e.g., talented) than for genuine inflected verbs (e.g., consulted), especially when the nonword distractors have real-word stems (e.g., infanted). Such a result implies that inflected words do not have a form-based whole word representation, but are recognized when functional information associated with their stem and affix is recombined after decomposition. A third experiment goes on to demonstrate that the addition of the verb s

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LAHAUSSOIS, Aimee, and Aimée LAHAUSSOIS. "The Thulung Raiverbal system:Anaccount of verb stem alternation *." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 40, no. 2 (2011): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1960602811x00024.

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Thulung Rai, an endangered Tibeto-Burman language of Eastern Nepal, has complex verbal morphology, with verb endings encoding agent and patient person and number in transitive scenarios. In addition to this, a large number of verbs alternate between several stems, and the stem selection criteria are initially elusive. Inspired by work by Boyd Michailovsky, who proposes morphophonological accounts for the verb stem alternation in related Dumi Rai, I propose an analysis of the Thulung verbal system and its verb stem alternation.

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7

Coelho, Gail. "Complex predicates in Betta Kurumba." Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 5, no. 1 (2018): 23–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jsall-2018-0007.

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Abstract This paper discusses various types of complex predicates found in Betta Kurumba, a South Dravidian language spoken in southern India. The constructions discussed include causativising and valency-modifying affixes, phrasal compound verbs, and compound verb stems. Compound verb stems are unusual for the language area, as they combine verb roots word-internally rather than as independent words, and have undergone varying degrees of grammaticalization. The origin of the compound verb stem construction is investigated, with the paper demonstrating that this construction was also originall

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8

Zymberaj, Shpetim, Shkelqim Millaku, and Ilir Krusha. "The Contrast of the Compound Verbs Between Albanian, English and German Languages Compounding Verbs as a Verbs or Phrases Verbs." Journal of Educational and Social Research 15, no. 4 (2025): 373. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2025-0144.

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The verbs and the compound verbs are the words that plays the most important part in the sentence, it is possible to be as the simple and compound predicate or nominal predicate. The aim of this paper is to analyses the compound verbs between Albanian, English and German languages and it’s consisted of at least two or more bases as in Albanian: buzëqesh, duartrokas, udhëheq or in English: blackmail, outgrow, overtake, undertake, ill-treat. Compounding is the new word-formation and between Albanian, German and English it has full contrast. So, sometimes it is possible to be the same with struct

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9

Flinn, Gallagher. "Georgian stem formants and nominalization." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4092.

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The Georgian verb system is complex, and in many cases the function and meaning of certain morphemes is not entirely clear. One such morpheme, the stem formant, appears in both non-perfect verbs and nominal structures. Although they are usually associated with aspect in the verb, I propose that there are several advantages to treating stem formants as nominal heads bearing the feature [+collective]. If stem formants are nominalizers, then several facts about their distribution can be explained, including their historical origin, their presence in abstract and verbal nouns, and their absence fr

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10

de Leeuw van Weenen, Andrea. "Old Icelandic veri." Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 82, no. 4 (2022): 481–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340274.

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Abstract In Modern Icelandic the form veri of the verb vera ‘to be’ is seen as a subjunctive expressing a wish. Treating Old Norse veri, earlier vesi, as an imperative of the third person simplifies the vera paradigm. A survey of the oldest attestations shows that veri not only fits qua form in the imperative paradigm, but also behaves like an imperative and expresses a command. The hypothesis that veri is an imperative can be extended to: Old Norse had an imperative of the 3rd person consisting of stem+i. What usually is called the use of the 3rd person subjunctive to fill in for the missing

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11

Stafecka, Anna. "Darbības vārda tagadnes no-celmi latviešu valodas izloksnēs." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 25 (November 23, 2021): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2021.25.137.

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The article deals with the no-stem forms of the verb, their use and distribution in Latvian dialects. The no-stems of the verb in the Latvian Standard language are quite common, e.g., brist-brienu, skriet-skrienu, siet-sienu, etc., but in some dialects, verbs with -au- in the root also are conjugated as no-stems (aut-aunu, šūt, šūnu, etc.), as far as the verb gūt. The article analyzes all forms of persons, both singular and plural. As shown by geolinguistic maps, verb no-stems are distributed throughout the territory of Latvian dialects. The distribution areas of no-stem forms are similar in a

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12

Muradyan, Anahit. "Models of verbal stems combinations in modern armenian language." JOURNAL FOR ARMENIAN STUDIES 5, no. 59 (2022): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/journalforarmenianstudies.v5i59.12.

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Consequently, while summarizing the effects of study of compositions word-building patterns, formed by verbal stems, one can state that the verbal stems have quite flexible word-building opportunities for formation of compound words and the new nouns and adjectives formed by them considerably enrich the word-stock of the Armenian language.As research showed the considerable part of stems, taking part in the word-building of the modern Armenian language were inherited to us from the ancient Armenian language (grabar). As for the verb stems of those morphological components in which the verb ste

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13

MÜLLER, STEFAN. "Solving the bracketing paradox: an analysis of the morphology of German particle verbs." Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 2 (2003): 275–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226703002032.

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Inflectional affixes are sensitive to morphological properties of the stems of the verbs they attach to. Therefore it is reasonable to assume that the inflectional material is combined with both the verbal stem of simplex verbs and the verbal stem of particle verbs. It has been argued that this leads to a bracketing paradox in the case of particle verbs since the semantic contribution of the inflectional information scopes over the complete particle verb. I will discuss nominalizations and adjective derivation, which are also problematic because of various bracketing paradoxes. I will suggest

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14

Trompelt, Helena, Denisa Bordag, and Thomas Pechmann. "(Ir)regularity of verbs revisited." Mental Lexicon 8, no. 1 (2013): 26–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.8.1.02tro.

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In three experiments we explored the representation and encoding of verb regularity. Contrasting articulation latencies of present and past regular and irregular forms from paradigms consisting of regular, irregular, or hybrid verbs (regular in present, but irregular in past tense), allowed us to differentiate between affixation and stem selection processes. The analyses revealed that regular verbs in the present and past tense were produced significantly faster than all other forms. Crucially, the naming latencies of hybrid and irregular verbs did not differ from each other in both tenses. We

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15

COURTNEY, ELLEN H., and MURIEL SAVILLE-TROIKE. "Learning to construct verbs in Navajo and Quechua." Journal of Child Language 29, no. 3 (2002): 623–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902005160.

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Navajo and Quechua, both languages with a highly complex morphology, provide intriguing insights into the acquisition of inflectional systems. The development of the verb in the two languages is especially interesting, since the morphology encodes diverse grammatical notions, with the complex verb often constituting the entire sentence. While the verb complex in Navajo is stem-final, with prefixes appended to the stem in a rigid sequence, Quechua verbs are assembled entirely through suffixation, with some variation in affix ordering.We explore issues relevant to the acquisition of verb morphol

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16

Monakhov, Sergei. "Russian prefixed verbs as constructional schemas." Russian Linguistics 45, no. 1 (2021): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-021-09238-1.

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AbstractThis study tests the morphological gradience theory on Russian prefixed verbs. With the help of a specially designed experiment, in which participants were asked to evaluate the semantic transparency of a prefixed nonse verb given in minimal context, as well as to semanticise it by suggesting an existing Russian verb with the same prefix, we offer evidence that these verbs can be analysed as constructional schemas and that the degree of their morphological decomposition depends upon the different levels of activation of their sequential and lexical links. We prove that speakers of Russ

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17

Nagaya, Naonori. "The middle voice in Tagalog." Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society 1 (March 30, 2009): 159–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5527386.

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The current approaches to the Tagalog focus system attach too much importance to syntactic transitivity, and leave unanswered the question of how the focus system correlates with voice phenomena, thereby failing to elucidate its functional aspects. In this paper, we address this question by examining the middle voice and related voice phenomena in this language. Adopting the conceptual framework for voice phenomena (Shibatani 2006), we claim that Goal Focus (GF) verb forms express active situations, whereas Actor Focus (AF) verb forms represent two different non-active situations, namely, midd

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18

Togabayeva, Guldana. "Denominal verb derivation in J̌āmiʿ at-Tawārīχ by Qadir Ali Beg". Turkic Studies Journal 6, № 4 (2024): 168–90. https://doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2024-4-168-190.

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The J̌āmiʿ at-Tawārīχ ‘Compendium of Chronicles’ is a historical text written by Qādir ʿAli Beg in 1602, most likely in the Qasym Khanate (1452–1681), using the literary Turkic language of Central Asia. The source has two manuscripts in St. Petersburg and in Kazan, respectively, along with at least three fragments. This paper will examine sentences containing verb forms with denominal verb derivation from the St. Petersburg manuscript. The analysis will be one step in the investigation of verbal morphology in the ‘Compendium of Chronicles’. Denominal verb derivation is a synthetic process resu

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19

Fedina, N. N. "The conditional mood in the Chalkan language." Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, no. 40 (2020): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2020-2-89-97.

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This paper describes the conditional mood in the Chalkan language, which is expressed via the affix =zа (=zï) and can be formed in two ways: simple one when the =za form is attached to the stem of a simple verb; analytical one when the main verb is formed by various tense forms, and the verb pol= “to be” is used as an auxiliary verb in the form of =zа conditional mood. Such verbs may serve as finite predicates in simple sentences and predicates in subordinate clauses in complex sentences. As finite predicates in simple sentences, conditional mood markers may possess the meaning of de- sire to

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Jacobson, Peggy F., and Yan H. Yu. "Changes in English Past Tense Use by Bilingual School-Age Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 61, no. 10 (2018): 2532–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-17-0044.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine changes in English past tense accuracy and errors among Spanish–English bilingual children with typical development (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD).MethodThirty-three children were tested before and after 1 year to examine changes in clinically relevant English past tense errors using an elicited production task. A mixed-model linear regression using age as a continuous variable revealed a robust effect for age. A 4-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted with age (young, old) and language ability group (TD, DLD) as

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21

Al-Bataineh, Hussein. "Alternations of classificatory verb stems in Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì: a cognitive semantic account." Folia Linguistica 55, no. 1 (2021): 163–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2073.

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Abstract This paper investigates the phenomenon of ‘classificatory verbs’, i.e. a set of motion and positional verbs that show stem alternations depending on the semantic features of one of their arguments in Tłı̨chǫ Yatıì (Dogrib), based on field notes and documentary sources of the language. The paper shows that Tłı̨chǫ classificatory verbal categories belong to four semantic subclasses which have inconsistent stem inventories caused by the presence or absence of some semantic features. Stem inventories of locative verb systems vary depending on the scalar [effort] feature, and those of moti

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Albrekht, F. B. "Conjugation II verbs: the diachronic and comparative aspects." Russian language at school 84, no. 4 (2023): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2023-84-4-74-85.

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The article proposes an approach to defining verbal conjugations which is based, in my opinion, on the essential features of this grammatical phenomenon. These include diachrony, the concept of two stems of the verb, and the material of foreign Slavic languages. Of all verbal lexemes, only verbs with the non-root thematic vowels -i-, -eand -а-(-ya-) before -t’ undergoing syncope in the stem of the present (future simple) tense but only in one class with each final belong to the second conjugation. From the diachronic perspective, all these verbs originated from the Proto- Slavic thematic *-ī s

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Prasain, Balaram. "Nepali Verbs: Some Properties." Gipan 3, no. 2 (2017): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v3i2.48914.

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Nepali verb stems end with i, a, o and ʌ vowels, and voiced and voiceless consonants. From transitivity perspective, they are intransitive and transitive/ditransitive. The verbs are monosyllabic and polysyllabic from syllabicity point of view. Another feature that Nepali verbs have is sound [a] whose presence and absence has direct impact on causative stem formation. The causative stem formation is regular with some phonological restrictions; however, the passive stem formation is very productive. Negativization occurs from both prefixation and suffixation processes. On the basis of features a

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A., Getahun. "Morphosyntactic Structures of Existential, Possessive and Locative Constructions in Amharic." Macrolinguistics 9, no. 15 (2021): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26478/ja2021.9.15.2.

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This paper lays out the morphosyntactic structures of existential, locative and possessive constructions in Amharic. Amharic belongs to South Ethio-Semitic language subfamily. It is natively spoken in the Amhara region and used as the first and the second language for some urban dwellers in the country. It is a working language for the Federal Government of Ethiopia. It serves the same in Gambella, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ and Benishangul-Gumuz regional states. The Amharic existential, possessive and locative constructions are characterized by using the same existential ver

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Caesar, Regina Oforiwah. "The participle form of causative verbs in Dangme." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 9 (May 31, 2017): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v9i0.1174.

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AbstractThis paper presents a descriptive analysis of verbs with the participle marking affixes in expressing causatives in Dangme, a language that belongs to the Kwa group of the Niger-Congo family of languages. The paper examines the syntax and the semantic perspectives of the participialized form of causative verbs in the Role and Reference Grammar’s (RRG) theory in Dangme. The participle is an affix which expresses the completion at the final stage of a process. As a verbal affix, it can take objects and have tense or aspect in languages. They also indicate active agency (actor) and an age

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Nesset, Tore, Laura A. Janda, Julia Kuznetsova, Olga Lyashevskaya, Anastasia Makarova та Svetlana Sokolova. "Why послушать, but услышать?" Poljarnyj vestnik 11 (1 січня 2008): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1300.

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This article provides a preliminary analysis of aspectual prefixation of Russian perception verbs. It is argued that the choice of prefix is not arbitrary, but depends on the meaning of the verb stem.

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Tribout, Delphine. "Verbal stem space and verb to noun conversion in French." Word Structure 5, no. 1 (2012): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2012.0022.

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In this paper I present the verbal stem space in French and its use in lexeme formation. First, I present the stem spaces worked out by Bonami & Boyé (2002 ; 2003 ; 2005 ) for verbs and adjectives. Then I show that the verbal stem space needs to be extended with an extra slot in order to account for a number of lexeme-formation rules. Finally, I show that verb to noun conversion can select three different stems as input.

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Rudnitskaya, E. L. "Perfective and imperfective verb bases in Evenki." Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia 54 (2025): 68–80. https://doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2025-2-68-80.

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This paper addresses perfective and imperfective verb bases in the Evenki language. This language is characterized by extensive verb derivation, with a specific marker signaling imperfective meaning. A verb stem lacking aspect markers is classified as a perfective base, while a stem incorporating an imperfective marker is classified as an imperfective base. For the aspectual classification of verbs using the method developed by S. G. Tatevosov, these two bases are especially critical and necessary components of the analysis. Analysis using this method requires consideration of the aspectual pr

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Marusch, Tina, Lena Ann Jäger, Frank Burchert, and Lyndsey Nickels. "Verb morphology in speakers with agrammatic aphasia." Mental Lexicon 12, no. 3 (2017): 373–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.17006.mar.

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Abstract This paper reports an investigation of the production of verb morphology in English speakers with agrammatic aphasia. Our main goal was to test four accounts of the processing of (ir-)regularity by quantifying regularity using affix type and the presence or absence of stem changes. Production accuracy of regular, mixed and two types of irregular past participles (irregular 1, irregular 2) was tested in English using a sentence completion task with a group of five speakers with agrammatic aphasia. The results showed significant effects on production accuracy of whether the verb require

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Scharinger, Mathias, Henning Reetz, and Aditi Lahiri. "Levels of regularity in inflected word form processing." Mental Lexicon 4, no. 1 (2009): 77–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.4.1.04sch.

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How do speakers process phonological opacities resulting from stem allomorphy in regularly inflected word forms? We advocate a model which holds that these stem allomorphs are derived from a single, abstract lexical representation and do not require multiple access routes. Consequently, phonologically transparent and opaque forms are accessed alike. We tested our claims with four priming experiments (cross-modal and intra-modal), using German strong (irregular), weak (regular), and mixed verbs as a test case. Our hypothesis is that in spite of stem vowel alternations, strong verbs have single

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Sandra, Dominiek, and Lien Van Abbenyen. "Frequency and analogical effects in the spelling of full-form and sublexical homophonous patterns by 12 year-old children." Mental Lexicon 4, no. 2 (2009): 239–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.4.2.04san.

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Two experiments in which 12-year old children had to spell Dutch inflected verb forms are reported. Both experiments focus on homophone dominance, i.e., the fact that spellers tend to make more intrusion errors on the lower-frequency form than on the higher-frequency one. Homophone-induced errors are studied at the level of full forms in Experiment 1 and at the sublexical level in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1 the children had to fill out two types of verb forms with homophones in their 1st (verb-final d) and 3rd person (verb-final dt) singular present tense. In both types the two verb forms h

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Hržica, Gordana, Tomislava Bošnjak Botica, and Sara Košutar. "Stem overgeneralizations in the acquisition of Croatian verbal morphology: Evidence from parental questionnaires." Word Structure 16, no. 2-3 (2023): 176–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0228.

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Studies on verbal overgeneralization often focus on languages with low morphological complexity. The Croatian conjugational system exhibits varying degrees of complexity, and this complexity is not primarily based on the number of inflectional morphemes, but on an elaborate system of stem changes. During early language development, children face the difficult task of acquiring this system, using overgeneralized forms to overcome its complexity. To date, studies have used a corpus-based method to retrieve overgeneralizations in child language, which has had limited success in capturing this phe

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Tolcsvai Nagy, Gábor. "Igeidő, aspektus és episztemikus lehorgonyzás a magyarban." Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 110 (2014): 227–50. https://doi.org/10.15776/nyk.2014.110.12.

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The paper discusses the temporal complexity of finite verbs with Hungarian in the focus, based on the theories of R. Langacker and F. Brisard. Three factors and their relations function in the construal of temporality in verbs: (i) the inherent temporality of verbs (a verb denotes a process in time, based on the processing of present points and duration), (ii) the temporal structure of the clause expressing a scene, including tense by suffixation, (iii) the ground, with the features of processing time as understood by the conceptualizer. In my hypothesis, the suffix denoting tense has a semant

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Albano, Eleonora Cavalcante. "Restrições gradientes sobre relações entre vogais pré-tônicas e tônicas no léxico do português brasileiro." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 40 (August 10, 2011): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v40i0.8637116.

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This paper contends that the two competing "rules" that the literature on Portuguese morphophonology has claimed to apply to the verb paradigm, namely, vowel height harmony and vowel lowering, are, in fact, phonotactic restrictions that apply, in a categorical fashion, to the inflected verb stem and, in a gradient fashion, to the non-inflected verb stem. At least in Brazilian Portuguese, the non-inflected verb stem is consistent with the inflected verb stem in that lowering predominates in both in the first conjugation and harmony predominates in both in the second and third conjugation. Lower

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Rebrus, Péter, Péter Szigetvári, and Miklós Törkenczy. "Phonologically motivated lexical repair strategies are conservative." Catalan Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 1 (2025): 273–92. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.468.

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We examine the derivation of intransitive verbs from adjectives in Hungarian. Two phonologically unrelated suffixes are added to adjectival stems in almost complementary distribution: -ul~ül and -od~ed~öd-. We show that this suffixation abides with various phonological and morphological constraints in addition to being lexically conservative: the stem of the intransitive verb must occur also as the stem of its transitive counterpart.

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Султанова, А. А. "THIRD PERSON FUTURE DETERMINATED VERBS EXPRESSION." НАУКА, НОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ИННОВАЦИИ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26104/nntik.2022.62.72.061.

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В данной статье в разделе морфологии кыргызского языка мы изучим категорию глаголов будущего времени, выраженные через третье лицо. В морфологии кыргызского языка категория лица является особой категорией. Аффиксы присоединяются не только к глаголам, но и к существительным. Однако глагол более специфичен для группы слов. Ведь глаголы - это слова, выражающие действие. Мы приводим примеры спряжения глаголов в изъявительном наклонении определенного будущего времени третьего лица. То есть даются примеры соединения аффиксов к основе и корню глаголов определенного будущего времени третьего лица. Ана

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Camacho, José. "Paradigmatic Uniformity: Evidence from Heritage Speakers of Spanish." Languages 7, no. 1 (2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7010014.

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Subject-verb agreement mismatches have been reported in the L2 and heritage literature, usually involving infinitives, analyzed as default morphological forms for fully specified T-heads. This article explores the mechanisms behind these mismatches, testing two hypotheses: the default form and the surface-similarity hypotheses. It compares non-finite and finite S-V mismatches with subjects with different persons, testing whether similarity with other paradigmatic forms makes them more acceptable, controlling for the role of verb frequency. Participants were asked to rate sentences on a Likert

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Campbell, Richard. "Verbal inflection in Kwawu Akan." Studies in African Linguistics 19, no. 2 (1988): 205–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v19i2.107462.

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Morphological processes in Kwawu are argued to be governed by a condition which states that words are morphologically analyzable only in terms of properties of the head of the word. The head of an affiixed word is the most external affix. Certain rules apply only to bare stems and not to words with affixes. A verb formed by reanalyzing adjacent verbs as a single morphological word is accessible to these rules if its head is a stem; non-head roots in the reanalyzed verb are inaccessible to all morphological rules, as predicted.

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Voigt, Rainer. "Das Verb in Mäsqan." Aethiopica 9 (September 24, 2012): 164–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.9.1.246.

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Proceeding from a review of W. Leslau's work on Mäsqan some special cases of the verbal classes are reconsidered. E.g., the rare class qǝyä ‘(a)wait’ is explained as a four-radical verb containing two weak radicals r and *laryngeal. In the same way, verbs of the D-stem, which are characterized by an unalterable o, e.g. sommänä ‘to fast’, turn out to be four-radical verbs with w as their second radical. The most remarkable feature is the synchronous depalatalisation, which occurs e.g. in the negative perfect (an-tonna ‘he did not set himself down’) contrasting with the positive perfect (čonna)

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Lai, Yunfan. "The complexity and history of verb-stem ablauting patterns in Siyuewu Khroskyabs." Folia Linguistica 55, no. 1 (2021): 75–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2071.

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Abstract This paper describes the ablauting patterns in Siyuewu Khroskyabs, an understudied Gyalrongic language. Ablaut is only found in verbs containing closed syllables, and ablaut patterns in Siyuewu preserve Proto-Khroskyabs patterns relatively well. After providing a synchronic description of verb-stem functions and ablauting patterns, implicative entropy is used to model Siyuewu’s ablauting status. Entropy measurements reveal Siyuewu to have relatively low ablaut predictability, which may be suggestive of a historically conservative ablauting system. On the basis of this quantitative ana

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Budassi, Marco, and Elisa Roma. "On the origin of the absolute vs. conjunct opposition in Insular Celtic." Indogermanische Forschungen 123, no. 1 (2018): 293–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2018-0011.

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Abstract Despite more than a century of research, the origin of the Insular Celtic double system of verbal inflection is still debated. In this paper, we defend the thesis that the set of absolute endings originated by the agglutination of a subject clitic to the verb form. This clitic marked the declarative (vs. relative) use of verbs, since its distribution was complementary to that of the relative marker *yo. The present indicative as well as the preterite (in both the absolute and conjunct inflection) of one strong verb (berid‘bring’) and one weak verb (lécid‘leave’) are reconstructed acco

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Marfo, Charles Ofosu. "THE MORPHOPHONOLOGY OF THE AKAN REDUPLICATED VERB-FORM." Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 6 (November 12, 2013): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/bjll.v6i0.143.

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This paper discusses the interaction between constituent formation and alteration of sounds (i.e., morphophonology) in Akan reduplicated verb-forms. Specifically, we strive to look into two issues; the morphology of reduplicated verb stems and how the morphological manifestation(s) affect certain target sounds. With its morphology, we observe that reduplication of the Akan verb-stem is generally total and, through the Morphological Doubling Theory (Inkelas 2005; Inkelas and Zoll 2005), reduplication of Akan verb-stems is viewed as the double (or multiple) occurrence of a morphological constitu

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Solak, Ercan. "Accusative Licensing of Nouns in Turkish." Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 6, no. 1 (2021): 5052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ptu.v6i1.5052.

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The observation that some Turkish nouns license accusative marking of their complements has puzzled linguistics for the last three decades. The first and the most common hypothesis is that such nouns are part of light-verb compounds in their infinitive nominal form where the verbal part is dropped. In this paper, I argue that light-verb hypothesis is incorrect by providing several constructions where it fails to account for. I propose an alternative, two-part hypothesis. The first part is independent of the light-verb constructions and claims that in Turkish, the accusative case is licensed by

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Kobalava, Izabela. "Dynamicity and Stativity in a Linguistic Reflection of Space: Megrelian Preverbs and Their Context." Kadmos 12 (2020): 151–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32859/kadmos/12/151-203.

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Abstract The present paper is aimed at a structural and semantic analysis of dynamic and stative verbs in a linguistic reflection of spatial relations. The investigation is based on the data of dynamic verbs referring to motion/movement- the most widespread and salient kind of motion -and of stative verbs referring to immobility/location. Specifically, I will use dynamic verbs that refer to both motion/movement proper (motion per se) and to transfer (to take): ul-a ‘to go,’ purin-ua ‘to fly,’ nčur-ua ‘to swim,’ rula-a ‘to run,’ and xox-ua ‘to crawl.’ Parallel stative verbs will be presented as

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Patterson, Karalyn, and Rachel Holland. "Patients with impaired verb-tense processing: do they know that yesterday is past?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1634 (2014): 20120402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0402.

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This paper begins with a focus on the task of stem inflection, where participants are given a verb stem and asked to produce the verb's past-tense form, which can produce a neuropsychological double dissociation with respect to regular versus irregular verbs. Two differing theoretical interpretations are outlined: one is based on specifically morphological and separate brain mechanisms for processing regular versus irregular verbs; the other argues that the two sides of the dissociation can arise from one procedure, which is not specifically morphological, and which relies to differing extents

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Colombo, Lucia, Ivilin Stoianov, Margherita Pasini, and Marco Zorzi. "The role of phonology in the inflection of Italian verbs." Mental Lexicon 1, no. 1 (2006): 147–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.1.1.09col.

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We investigated the performance of two connectionist neural networks with different architectures to explore the degree of learning in generating the past participle form of Italian verbs on the basis of phonological characteristics. The networks were trained to generate the past participle form of verbs from different inflected input forms. We examined the degree of learning relative to the type of inflection given as input, the type of suffix produced, the classification of each verb according to the thematic vowel, the regularity of the stem and of the suffix. The networks were able to lear

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Ulrich, Charles H. "A unified account of Choctaw intensives." Phonology 11, no. 2 (1994): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700001998.

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Choctaw verbs form intensives by a complex procedure of (apparent) infixation, gemination and accentuation. Verbs of all shapes have two distinct intensive forms, which Ulrich (1986) distinguishes as they-grade (involving a geminateyy) and the g-grade (involving gemination of a stem consonant or a falling tone). Lombardi & McCarthy (1991) analyse Choctaw intensives in terms of the theory of prosodic circumscription (McCarthy & Prince 1990). Hammond (1993) gives an alternative analysis within the same theory. While insightful in certain respects, these analyses fail to account for the f

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Liakhnovitch, Tatiana L., and Tatiana V. Vashchekina. "Morpheme-Grammar Dictionary of Russian Verbs as a Means of Forming Intuitive Knowledge of the Language." Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices 21, no. 1 (2024): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-897x-2024-21-1-58-71.

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The study describes the principles of designing a morpheme-grammar dictionary of Russian verbs within the framework of systemic linguistics. As a working hypothesis for the creation of the dictionary the concept of G.P. Mel’nikov was chosen according to which the Russian verb, in addition to the binary category of aspect, also has a gradual “quantitative” category, which he proposed to name the category of action degree (CAD). The formal indicators of the grammatical meaning of the CAD are the suffixes -ну-, -Ø-, -e-, -и-, -ыва- . G.P. Mel’nikov believed that taking into account the CAD and hi

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Deen, Kamil. "The acquisition of inflectional prefixes in Nairobi Swahili." Annual Review of Language Acquisition 3 (December 31, 2003): 139–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/arla.3.06dee.

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This study investigates the acquisition of inflectional prefixes in Swahili, an eastern Bantu language. The order of morphemes in adult Swahili is: Subject Agreement – Tense – (Object Agreement) –Verb Root – (derivational suffixes) –Mood Vowel. I present data from an original corpus of 4 Swahili-speaking children (ages 1;8-3;0) who were recorded in Nairobi, Kenya. An analysis of the children’s verbal utterances reveals that four clause types occur in the speech of all four children: a. Agr–T–Verb StemFull Clause b. Ø–T–Verb Stem[-SA] Clause c. Agr–Ø–Verb Stem[-T] Clause d. Ø–Ø–Verb StemBare Ve

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Pashkova, T. V., and A. P. Rodionova. "To the problem of classification of verb’s types of stems and conjugation in the Livvi and Ludic dialects of the Karelian language." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-4-692-699.

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Introduction: the proposed article is the systematization of types of verb conjugation in the Karelian language based on the Livvi and Ludic dialects, as well as an analysis of the classification of verb types in closely related Karelian languages (Finnish and Vepsian). Objective: to consider the classification of types of lexical stems and conjugation of verbs in the Livvi and Ludic dialects and offer the extended classification based on the experience of other related languages. Research materials: data from dictionaries, grammars and the dialect corpora of the Karelian language. Results and

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