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Journal articles on the topic "Vicon physical data"
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Candra, Devilia Dwi, Khoirunisa Jannatuzzahra, Annisa Dita Putri Kartika, Widya Pratiwi, and Eni Nurhayati. "Analisis Penggunaan Fitur Vicon (Video Conference) pada E-Learning Ilmu Terhadap Kelancaran Pembelajaran Daring Di Fakultas Ilmu Komputer UPN Veteran Jawa Timur." Journal Software, Hardware and Information Technology 4, no. 2 (2024): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/shift.v4i2.137.
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Online learning has become an integral part of higher education in today's digital era, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic. Video conferencing (Vicon) technology plays a crucial role in this transition, enabling direct interaction between teachers and students without the need for physical presence in the classroom. This study aims to analyze the use of Vicon features in the context of online learning and its impact on the smoothness of the learning process. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to students of the Faculty of Computer Science at UPN Veteran Jawa Timur, with the System Usability Scale (SUS) method employed for calculation. The collected data were then qualitatively analyzed to determine the effectiveness of Vicon use by identifying usage patterns, obstacles faced, and student perceptions of its impact on the learning process. Analysis of the SUS scores, usage patterns, challenges, and student perceptions revealed a low average SUS value. This indicates that while Vicon facilitates direct interaction and effective material delivery, there are still significant technical obstacles and low participation rates. These findings suggest the need for improvements in the technical aspects of Vicon and strategies to increase student engagement in online learning environments.
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Achermann, Basil, Katja Oberhofer, Stephen J. Ferguson, and Silvio R. Lorenzetti. "Velocity-Based Strength Training: The Validity and Personal Monitoring of Barbell Velocity with the Apple Watch." Sports 11, no. 7 (2023): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports11070125.
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Velocity-based training (VBT) is a method to monitor resistance training based on measured kinematics. Often, measurement devices are too expensive for non-professional use. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and precision of the Apple Watch 7 and the Enode Pro device for measuring mean, peak, and propulsive velocity during the free-weighted back squat (in comparison to Vicon as the criterion). Velocity parameters from Vicon optical motion capture and the Apple Watch were derived by processing the motion data in an automated Python workflow. For the mean velocity, the barbell-mounted Apple Watch (r = 0.971–0.979, SEE = 0.049), wrist-worn Apple Watch (r = 0.952–0.965, SEE = 0.064) and barbell-mounted Enode Pro (r = 0.959–0.971, SEE = 0.059) showed an equal level of validity. The barbell-mounted Apple Watch (Vpeak: r = 0.952–0.965, SEE = 0.092; Vprop: r = 0.973–0.981, SEE = 0.05) was found to be the most valid for assessing propulsive and peak lifting velocity. The present results on the validity of the Apple Watch are very promising, and may pave the way for the inclusion of VBT applications in mainstream consumer wearables.
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Kennelly, S., G. Harte, and A. Boran. "62 GAITKEEPER- A NOVEL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE BASED VIDEO GAIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM TO OBJECTIVELY MEASURE HEALTH STATUS." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_3 (2021): i1—i8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab216.62.
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Abstract Background Frailty is associated with increased risk of falls, dependency, disability and higher health and social care utilisation. While characterised by a slowly progressive functional deterioration, frailty can be delayed or reversed through timely intervention. Identification of those at risk of new or worsening frailty remains a challenge. How fast we walk (gait-speed) is a reliable correlate of one’s physical, psychological, and cognitive performance. Slow gait speed can discriminate those at high risk of adverse outcomes due to declining health, however current gait-speed assessment instruments are often not feasible in clinical or community settings due to cost, specialist training, and space requirements. Here we introduce GaitKeeper, a system that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to measure gait and step events from video recorded on a mobile phone, thus facilitating identification of those at risk of new or worsening frailty. Methods A technical evaluation, in a research setting (n = 30), compared GaitKeeper’s performance capturing accurate positional data in healthy young individuals, versus the Vicon camera motion-capture system as the verification standard. A subsequent clinical evaluation in people with mild cognitive impairment (n = 30), within an acute hospital, compared GaitKeeper gait speed data with specialist-physiotherapist clinical observational studies, and GaitRite systems during five-meter walking under single and dual-task conditions. Comprehensive measures of frailty (SHARE-FI), cognition (RBANS, MoCA), and physical performance (MiniBEST) were recorded in this clinical evaluation. Results The technical evaluation provides evidence of the ability of GaitKeeper to capture accurate gait data from video (n = 30, p < 0.001, error < 3%) versus the Vicon system. The clinical evaluation provides evidence of the accuracy in comparison with the GaitRite gold standard (n = 30, P < 0.001, error < 6%) in clinical setting. Conclusion GaitKeeper performance was well validated in comparison to existing gait analysis practices. This innovative AI based solution provides an opportunity to longitudinally monitor and quantify ‘wellness’ in older persons with accessible, accurate gait performance measurements anytime, anywhere, by anyone.
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Shmelev, Valeriy Viktorovich, O. I. Vorontsova, L. A. Goncharova, and M. D. Rasulov. "The electrophysiological criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with the use of the Sheno corset and acupuncture." Russian Journal of Physiotherapy, Balneology and Rehabilitation 15, no. 6 (2016): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1681-3456-2016-15-6-301-304.
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This article was designed to present the results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the combined conservative treatment of grade II and III idiopathic scoliosis in 37 patients at the age from 12 to 16 years with the use of the Sheno corset, acupuncture, and therapeutic physical exercises. The evaluation was based on the study of dynamic and electromyographic characteristics and the data obtained before, during and after the treatment with the help of the diagnostic Vicon T40 motion capture system. The study has demonstrated the changes in the nervous-muscular apparatus of the skeletal muscles, such as a significant increase of conductivity, that developed under effect of the treatment. They confirm the effectiveness of the proposed therapeutic modality.
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Leová, Lýdie, Petr Volf, Patrik Kutílek, et al. "EVALUATION AND TYPES OF ATTACKS WITH STABBING WEAPONS FOR THE DESIGN OF PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT." Lékař a technika - Clinician and Technology 51, no. 1-4 (2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ctj.2021.1.11.
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Knife attacks have become a global problem in recent years, especially in countries where access to firearms is limited. However, the current situation is that the method of selection and characteristics of protective equipment about the physical attributes of stabbing attacks is not systematically determined. Attacks with stab weapons can be divided according to the weapon's grip, the angle of the attack, and its execution into six different attacks (e.g., underarm action stab, overarm action stab, etc.). Our work presents a survey of methods for capturing and then evaluating the physical parameters of point attacks in specific motion capture and analysis programs. In this work, kinematic analysis was used to analyze motion during a stabbing attack and to obtain data on the kinetic energy of the stab. The measurements were performed with the MoCap system - Vicon Nexus 2.70. The results of the study show that the average value for the straight stab and the underarm stab is almost the same (66.5–67.1 J), while the overarm stab reaches a much higher value (92.8 J). The study aims to determine the kinetic energy of types of attacks, for standards state the level of protection based on energy levels. The results could provide new insights into the current state of protective equipment and energy values in national/international standards.
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Wu, Yong. "Biomechanical analysis of martial arts movements: Implications for performance and injury prevention." Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 22, no. 5 (2025): 1314. https://doi.org/10.62617/mcb1314.
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Martial arts have their origins in a variety of cultural traditions that represent a wide range of combat practices and disciplines. Martial arts encompass a variety of practices, extending from ancient traditions such as kung fu and karate to more modern forms like Brazilian jiu-jitsu. The martial arts practitioners engage in the cultivation of self-defense techniques, the enhancement of physical fitness, and the demonstration of profound concepts that transcend the boundaries of the physical domain. Ensuring the safety and efficacy of practitioners is achieved by comprehensive training, increased awareness, devotion to proper techniques, and maintenance of physical fitness. In this study, we gathered primary data from 75 skilled football players with varied training provided for comprehensive football kicking analysis. The research employed the VICON MX40, a three-dimensional (3D) motion-capture system with nine cameras. The system recorded motion at a rate of 200 frames per second. The study aimed to examine the 3D movements observed in adolescent sports through the construction of biomechanical models. This analysis enabled the identification of many risk variables associated with repetitive stress injuries (RSIs). We propose preventative strategies for reducing injuries caused by RSI among young individuals. These strategies encompass specific stretching exercises, dynamic warm-up routines, the restriction of intense movements, and the promotion of sufficient recovery periods. The utilization of biomechanical modeling plays a significant part in the prediction and optimization of strategies designed for minimizing the various elements that contribute to muscular RSIs throughout the process of motor skill acquisition and training.
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Błażkiewicz, Michalina, Barbara Łysoń, Adam Chmielewski, and Andrzej Wit. "Transfer of mechanical energy during the shot put." Journal of Human Kinetics 52, no. 1 (2016): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0001.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse transfer of mechanical energy between body segments during the glide shot put. A group of eight elite throwers from the Polish National Team was analysed in the study. Motion analysis of each throw was recorded using an optoelectronic Vicon system composed of nine infrared camcorders and Kistler force plates. The power and energy were computed for the phase of final acceleration of the glide shot put. The data were normalized with respect to time using the algorithm of the fifth order spline and their values were interpolated with respect to the percentage of total time, assuming that the time of the final weight acceleration movement was different for each putter. Statistically significant transfer was found in the study group between the following segments: Right Knee – Right Hip (p = 0.0035), Left Hip - Torso (p = 0.0201), Torso – Right Shoulder (p = 0.0122) and Right Elbow – Right Wrist (p = 0.0001). Furthermore, the results of cluster analysis showed that the kinetic chain used during the final shot acceleration movement had two different models. Differences between the groups were revealed mainly in the energy generated by the hips and trunk.
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Nagorna, Viktoriia, Basil Achermann, Artur Mytko, and Silvio Lorenzetti. "Pilot study: Insights into the validity of Opencap to assess knee kinematics during the back squat." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 9, no. 2 (2024): 063. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss063.
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Introduction
 Advancements in technology have revolutionized the field of sports science, enabling researchers to gain deeper insights into the biomechanics of athletes' movements (Baca et al., 2022). Among these technological advancements, OpenCap has emerged as a powerful tool for biomechanical analysis (Uhlrich et al., 2023). Integrating OpenCap with other innovative technologies, such as motion capture systems and data analytics, further enhances the understanding of human movement. However, the effective implementation of new technologies requires rigorous scientific validation and a nuanced approach to their comparison with already established techniques. The primary goal of this research is to establish basic characteristics for comparing biomechanical analysis results obtained from OpenCap and VICON.
 Methods
 A total of 3 healthy 23-29-year-old women with a minimum of one year of experience in strength training were recruited for the study. For OpenCap (opensimModel: LaiArnoldModified2017_poly_withArms_weldHand, posemodel: openpose, augmentermodel: v0.2), the system paired cameras of two iOS devices with a web app running on a standard laptop recording videos at 60Hz. A VICON system consisting of 10 cameras (200 Hz, Oxford Metrics Group, Oxford UK) was used for 3D motion analysis. The Plug-In Gait marker set (from the VICON system), comprising 42 markers with a diameter of 16mm, was employed along with two manual markers for tracking the barbell position. Ground reaction forces were measured using two force plates (1000 Hz, Kistler AG, Winterthur, CH). The collected data served as reference data for scaling the models and running OpenSim simulations. Barbell loads were adjusted based on body weight, with loads of 25% or 50% for the free-weight back squat. Each exercise consisted of three cycles of five repetitions, enabling subsequent calculation of average values for further analysis and evaluation.
 Results
 The analysis incorporated 22 valid squats. Statistical mapping revealed significant discrepancies in knee angles between Opencap and the OpenSim model throughout most of the back squat cycle, except from 10 to 35%. The average difference was 16.9 degrees (SD = 18.3 degrees). An RMSE of 24.9 and an ICC 3.1 of 0.503 (p = 0.006076) suggest moderate agreement between the models.
 Discussion/Conclusion
 Ongoing technological advancements are pushing the frontiers of sport biomechanics through groundbreaking innovations. To achieve a comprehensive assessment and comparison of new technologies, it is vital to perform correlation analyses on identical parameters produced by diverse models (Jing et al., 2023). The ICC results indicated a moderate agreement between the models, with the OpenCap model significantly underestimating knee angles. This lesser agreement, as compared to existing literature (Lima et al., 2023), may be attributed to the potential misinterpretation of the barbell by the model. Pending updates from the forthcoming augmenter model v0.3, we advise cautious application of Opencap technology in practical scenarios. However, we believe that with further technological advancement and continued refinement, it has the potential to greatly benefit the field of sports biomechanics.
 References
 Baca, A., Dabnichki, P., Hu, C. W., Kornfeind, P., & Exel, J. (2022). Ubiquitous computing in sports and physical activity—Recent trends and developments. Sensors, 22(21), Article 8370. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8370
 Jing, Z., Han, J., & Zhang, J. (2023). Comparison of biomechanical analysis results using different musculoskeletal models for children with cerebral palsy. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, Article 1217918. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1217918
 Lima, Y., Collings, T., Hall, M., Bourne, M., Diamond, L. (2023). Assessing lower-limb kinematics via OpenCap during dynamic tasks relevant to anterior cruciate ligament injury: A validity study. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 26(Suppl2), S105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2023.08.123
 Uhlrich, S. D., Falisse, A., Kidziński, Ł., Muccini, J., Ko, M., Chaudhari, A. S., Hicks, J. L., & Delp, S. L. (2023). OpenCap: Human movement dynamics from smartphone videos. PLoS Computational Biology, 19(10), Article e1011462. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011462
 Acknowledgement
 This study was funded by the Swiss National Foundation (192289).
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López Elvira, Jose Luis, Diego López Plaza, Alejandro López Valenciano, and Carolina Alonso Montero. "Influencia del calzado en el movimiento del pie durante la marcha y la carrera en niños y niñas de 6 y 7 años (Influence of footwear on foot movement during walking and running in boys and girls aged 6-7)." Retos, no. 31 (November 12, 2016): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i31.47258.
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La elección del calzado infantil durante el desarrollo del niño/a puede ser determinante en la aparición o prevención de problemas asociados con el pie por las diferentes características intrínsecas de los niños. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los movimientos del pie durante el apoyo en marcha y carrera con y sin calzado. Participaron 12 niños y 12 niñas de primaria. El sistema de captura del movimiento Vicon fue utilizado para obtener variables cinemáticas del movimiento del pie. Los resultados mostraron una reducción significativa en la flexión en la articulación metatarsofalángica con calzado en ambos géneros y en ambas habilidades de en torno a 20º (p < .05 y tamaño del efecto alto), pudiendo asociarse a un mecanismo de protección. Así mismo se constató un aumento de la velocidad de caída del pie en carrera con calzado, especialmente en chicas, al contrario de la marcha, posiblemente por cambios en la técnica de pisada y/o características propias del calzado según el género. Por último, se encontró un desajuste en el eje de flexión de los metatarsos de aproximadamente 1 cm hacia la parte anterior del pie con calzado (p < .05 y tamaño del efecto alto), lo que lleva a recomendar que el diseño del calzado se ajuste con más precisión a la población que lo utiliza.Abstract. The choice of children's shoes can be decisive in the appearance or prevention of problems associated with children’s feet individual characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate foot movements during the support phase of walking and running gait, with and without shoes. Twenty-four primary school students (12 boys and 12 girls) participated in the study. Vicon 3D motion analysis system was used to obtain foot kinematic variables. Results showed a significant decrease in the flexion of metatarsophalangeal joint with shoes in both genders in walking and running around 20º (p < .05 and high effect size), which can be associated with a protection mechanism. We also found an increased foot fall speed when running with shoes, especially in girls, but not in walking gait, probably due to changes in the technique and/or characteristics of the shoes according to gender. Finally, data show a 1-cm forward displacement of the metatarsal flexion axis with shoes (p < .05 and high effect size), which suggests that shoes design should be more accurately adapted to children population.
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Forczek, Wanda, and Robert Staszkiewicz. "An Evaluation of Symmetry in the Lower Limb Joints During the Able-Bodied Gait of Women and Men." Journal of Human Kinetics 35, no. 1 (2012): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0078-5.
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For many years, mainly to simplify data analysis, scientists assumed that during a gait, the lower limbs moved symmetrically. However, even a cursory survey of the more recent literature reveals that the human walk is symmetrical only in some aspects. That is why the presence of asymmetry should be considered in all studies of locomotion. The gait data were collected using the 3D motion analysis system Vicon. The inclusion criteria allowed the researchers to analyze a very homogenous group, which consisted of 54 subjects (27 women and 27 men). Every selected participant moved at a similar velocity: approximately 1,55 m/s. The analysis included kinematic parameters defining spatio-temporal structure of locomotion, as well as angular changes of the main joints of the lower extremities (ankle, knee and hip) in the sagittal plane. The values of those variables were calculated separately for the left and for the right leg in women and men. This approach allowed us to determine the size of the differences, and was the basis for assessing gait asymmetry using a relative asymmetry index, which was constructed by the authors. Analysis of the results demonstrates no differences in the temporal and phasic variables of movements of the right and left lower limb. However, different profiles of angular changes in the sagittal plane were observed, measured bilaterally for the ankle joint.
Conference papers on the topic "Vicon physical data"
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Zhou, Biyun, Xue Lihao, Xiaopeng Liu, Qing Yang, Liangsheng Ma, and Li Ding. "The physical load of the Human body during Motion with BP Neural Network." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002613.
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Background: Unreasonable tasks will increase the person’s physical load, leading to safety accidents and occupational diseases. To ensure a reasonable physical load and improve the operational efficiency of the person as far as possible, it is necessary to predict and evaluate the physical load of workers in real-time.Objective: A prediction model of the physical load intensity of the human body based on a neural network was established, and its effectiveness was verified.Methods: Twelve volunteers completed four movements walking, jogging, climbing, and jumping. The surface electromyography (sEMG) on the left and right sides of the rectus femoris and biceps femoris was measured, and the motor posture of volunteers was obtained by Vicon, the joint torque, maximum muscle activity, and muscular force parameters were calculated based on the reverse dynamic model of human motion. The sEMG eigenvalue and mechanical load parameters in different postures were considered input and output, respectively, and 80% of all data were used as the training set and the rest as the validation set.Results: In this study, we found that the hip joint, knee joint, and ankle joint have a sizeable joint torque during movement, in which the joint torque of the ankle joint is the largest and twice human body weight at its peak. Besides, a larger muscle load occurs at the beginning and end of contact between the human foot and the ground, and the muscle strength of the rectus femoris was significantly higher than that of the biceps femoris (p<0.05). The number of neurons in the input layer, an output layer, and a hidden layer of the model is 32, 13, and 12, respectively. This study found that the prediction error of maximum muscle activity was 6.4%. The average prediction error of joint torque was 8.7%, and the prediction error of the muscular force of the rectus femoris muscle was no more than 9.5%. This model can reasonably predict the physical load of the human body.Conclusions: A workload evaluation model based on the BP neural network was established in this research, which can analyze the biomechanics of the human body in motion and judge the human body’s physical load effectively according to the EMG signal.Application: This model can measure the body load of soldiers and firefighters in real-time during task training and provide a reference for task design.
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Martori, Amanda L., Stephanie L. Carey, Redwan Alqasemi, Daniel Ashley, and Rajiv V. Dubey. "Characterizing Suitability of Wearable Sensors for Movement Analysis Using a Programmed Robotic Motion." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65064.
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Wearable sensor systems have the potential to offer advancements in the study of motion disorders, particularly outside of a laboratory setting during activities of daily living or on a football field. Advantages like portability and the capability to gather real-world data have resulted in the rapid adoption of these sensors in various studies for gait analysis, balance control evaluation, physical activity recognition and fall prevention. However, before using wearable sensors in long-term acquisition studies, it is necessary to quantify and analyze errors and determine their sources. In this study, the accuracy of joint angles and velocities measured with the wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors were compared to both measurements from an optical motion-tracking system and from encoders on a robotic arm while it completed various predetermined paths. The robotic arm uses incremental encoders at each joint to measure and calculate its Cartesian motion relative to a reference frame using inverse kinematics. Motion profiles of the robotic arm were tracked using the onboard encoders, an eight-camera Vicon (Oxford, UK) motion-tracking system with passive retro-reflective markers, and four wearable IMUs by APDM (Portland, OR). In order to better isolate various types of contributing errors, linear, planar, and 3-dimensional robot motions were used. Data were collected from the sensors over several hours, which provided insight into time-based effects as well as management of large amounts of data for future long-term tracking applications. In addition, the authors have previously seen acquisition errors with high-speed gaits, thus robotic arm trajectories of varying velocities were used to provide further insight into these rate-based effects. Angular velocity and joint angles were compared for all three systems and used to investigate the hysteresis, drift and time-based effects on the IMUs as well as their accuracy during motion tracking. Effects on IMU performance due to the application of filtering algorithms were not investigated. The results show that the IMUs were able to calculate the joint angles within a clinically acceptable range of the gold standard optical motion-tracking system. The IMUs also provided accurate trajectory recognition and angular velocity measurements relative to the known motion input of the robotic arm. Future work will include the development of algorithms to detect gait abnormalities such as those seen in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). To complement human subject testing with gait pathology, controlled introduction of gait deviations into this robotic testing framework will allow for well-characterized unit testing, providing more robust algorithm development.
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Fernandez, Dane, Ryan Fernandez, Badih Jawad, and Vernon Fernandez. "An Experimental Study of Weight-Based Compensation for Asymmetric Upper Limb Growth Secondary to Pre-Pubertal Operative Humeral Epiphyseal Plate Damage." In ASME 2024 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2024-147370.
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Abstract This research was conducted to verify previously-developed equations analyzing musculoskeletal strain caused by uneven weight distribution inherent in a case of upper limb length discrepancy. The issue is an imbalance due to the growth of a shorter humerus in the individual’s right upper limb (RUL) as the result of a prior surgery affecting the individual’s right humeral growth plate. This shortened RUL weighs less than the left upper limb (LUL), lowering the balancing moment on the torso. When the individual sprints during physical exercise, there is an imbalance in rotational momentum created between the two arms in the sagittal plane. This imbalance in momentum compensation by one of the individual’s lower limbs. To solve this biomechanical problem, kinematic equations were developed to model the motion of a sprinter. In particular, the model defines the influence of the opposing upper limb motion on the lower limb motion that results in forward motion while sprinting. Furthermore, the equations incorporate the rotational motions of the upper and lower limbs. Trials were conducted with a test subject having a shorter RUL than LUL. In the trials, the subject initially started from rest before accelerating to a constant speed. Two Kistler force plates were used to generate force vectors of each of the subject’s feet once the constant speed was reached. Kistler force plates contain piezoelectric sensors which can be used to record ground force reaction. In this case, the Kistler force plates measured the horizontal, transverse, and longitudinal force vectors created when the subject’s foot contacted the plate. Additionally, the subject had several reflectors placed along his body. Using the Vicon three-dimensional (3D) optical motion analysis system, ten cameras in the laboratory captured the movement of the reflectors, generating vector motion for each limb during each trial run. To balance the rotational momentum of the upper limbs, a counteracting weight was attached to the wrist of the RUL in an attempt to minimize the effects on lower limb musculature. The difference in weight between each arm was determined, allowing a wearable device to be created which accounted for the difference. The device was attached to the subject’s right wrist to balance the weight of both arms. Hence, the left lower limb would not have to overcompensate for the shorter RUL’s lack of momentum. Similar running trials were conducted with the counterweight adjustment. The data from the trials, both with and without the counterweight, were compared to the theoretical equations determined from previous research.