Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Villes – Dans les représentations sociales'
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Bouraima, Zakari. "Sociologie de l'assainissement : latrinisation, représentations sociales et logiques d'action dans les villes moyennes au Burkina Faso." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20001/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the interface between, on the one hand, the technological supply of sanitation and latrinization in Burkina Faso, which is largely reflected in the setting up of latrines in concessions and in public places, and on the other hand, the social dimension through the social representations of individuals and communities and their action logics in relation to the latrine. The confrontation between the two dimensions involves a field of study that analyzes the “latrine” equipment through social representations associated and objective constraints of its implementation. The thesis addresses sociology of sanitation that more specifically questions about the process of latrinization in Burkina Faso, througt the representational dimensions, including the representations of the clean and the dirty and the symbolism of the latrine, the logics of action of users, their subsequent practices, from the domestic sphere to the public sphere. In a national context of Burkina Faso marked by a low rate of access to sanitation and where, in a process of decentralization, the municipalities are under construction, the study of latrinization in tne medium-sized cities (Ouahigouya, Dori, Houndé and Pouytenga hemps in understanding the overall problem of sanitation facilities, through the effective latrine management systems
Zekri, Walid. "La photographie d'architecture mise en espace." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010501.
Full textCanteux, Camille. "Villes rêvées, villes introuvables : histoire des représentations audiovisuelles des grands ensembles à la télévision, au cinéma et dans les films institutionnels du milieu des années 1930 au début des années 1980." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010552.
Full textDisant, Marie-Jeanne. "Les représentations sociales des centres communautaires de loisirs dans le secteur de la haute-ville de Québec." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4761/1/000628954.pdf.
Full textBordarie, Jimmy. "Représentations sociales et mobilité urbaine durable : Etude de la transformation des représentations et des comportements des usagers de la route dans la perspective de généralisation du 30km/h." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0049.
Full textOur research fits into the social representations’framework as an analytic prism of public policies’acceptance related to the sustainable urban mobility issue.With regard to the implementation of the 20mph (30kph) by the City of Angers, we study the psychosocial determinants towards the users’ practices. We are interested in the relationship that urban mobility maintains with the quality of life improvement and the construction ofideal neighbourhoods.In the first step, we study the social representation structure of the ideal neighbourhood and the one of 20mph zone (or 30kph zone) with a pluri-methodological approach. In the second step, we are interested in the individuals' motivations for explaining social practices. We focus on the masking and unmasking effects of normative aspects existing in the social representation. In the third step, we study communicational processes in order tooptimize awareness campaigns messages. Finally, we consider two tools. The first one allows public administrations to analyse and build a relevant strategy toimplement the generalization of 20mph zones on their territory through objectives indicators. The second onefocuses on the social representation valence and theindividuals’ motivational dimension. This information appears to be very important for orienting the elaboration of relevant actions in order to optimize its implementation.Our results reveal the importance of communication in restructuration processes of social representations. They also suggest the necessity of a paradigm change in the presentation of urban mobility issues
Chouillou, Delphine. "La qualité environnementale urbaine : prendre en compte les représentations et les pratiques sociales des habitants dans la fabrique urbaine, l'exemple toulousain." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20058/document.
Full textIn French cities, recent evolutions in urban design and planning have made essential to rebuild the city on itself while respecting its environment. Now, cities have to be of good urban environmental quality. Although it seems obvious today, the making of environmental urban quality is still a question because it is a multi interpreted concept in the scientific field, as well as in the operational field.This Ph.D. in urban planning, well inscribed in the field of social geography, addresses the multiple meanings of urban environmental quality. In particular, it questions the possibility of taking into account the meanings of this concept for the inhabitants in urban projects in Toulouse. The Ph.D. is based on a field investigation by commented paths conducted with residents of a neighborhood subject to severe environmental nuisances, and semi-structured interviews with professionals from Toulouse’s urban projects. The field investigation was supplemented by an analysis of documents on the policy, regulatory and institutional frameworks governing the urban policies
Cisse, Coumba. ""Vivre à l'ombre proche" du barrage de Manantali : les formes de représentations sociales des impacts dans les campements et les villages environnants." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080063/document.
Full textIn 1988 the Senegal River basin in Mali has witnessed the building of a dam by the Organization for the Development of the Senegal River (OMVS) in French. The main objective is the production of electric power shared between: Mali (52%), Senegal (33%) and Mauritania (15%). But the birth of this dam has deeply disrupted the organization and functioning of all the waterside’s areas. The territories around the Bafing, the river where the dam is localized, are now strictlydivided by the reservoir between an upstream and downstream portions. This artificial lake has created new types of spatial organization with the recent settlements of 25 fishing camps.This new economy has created a pull factor for professional fishermen coming from the central regions of Mali, particularly Mopti and Segou. The lake hence becomes a huge fish reserve with larger sizes compared to those caught in the Bafing, the Bakoye or even in the Senegal River. In the upstream areas of the dam, fishing has become the first business activityencouraging local young farmers and herdsmen towards an unlikely professional retraining.Fishermen settlements occupy former site of displaced villages due to the dam construction. Thirty-three villages have been relocated downstream of the dam in the lands of existing hamlets. This cohabitation disruptstraditional land use and leads to social strains
Séraphin, Gilles. "Vivre à Douala (Cameroun) : l'imaginaire et l'action dans une ville africaine en crise." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010501.
Full textWhat does living at Douala mean ? It means being and also doing. The Doualais is the outcome of the specific social imaginary belongs to, which consists of a system of symbolic references and of "episteme" (the logic that relates the various references to one another), and which is a sort of matrix for the perception and conception of daily life, bringing sense to every occurrence, thought, dream or sensation. He is the outcome of ambition, his own ambition to reach a social status which by assigning him a function and an image, provides him with identity, goals, and eventually reasons for living ; and the outcome of an economic and social background, the depression, which by defining the means, upsets his conquest of a social status of forces him to react more than he used to do. So, living at Douala, is acting, inventing strategies as the man you are and as the man you would like to become, but all this not a priori make up a consistent whole, it falls short of one's expectations and does not show one the way. The "Doualais" is a man full of conflicts who tries as far as he can, according to his own imaginary values to reconcile these various strategies and adapt them to the economic and social background, to his ambition and obligations, and to the image he has developed of himself and the society in which he lives. To live at Douala, you have to solve and overcome this conflict ; you have to be an actor of your own life
Salles, Sylvie. "Lyon, les échelles de la ville : analyse de la construction des représentations urbaines dans les relations et les articulations spatiales de la presqu'île lyonnaise en lien aux pratiques et aux perceptions de l'espace." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0098.
Full textAny reflection on city scales begins with a question about the gap between urban unity which makes each city identifiable and urban variety. How can a city form a consistent territory? Scale- known as the way man assesses his envirenment- is the matter here. This assessment is the expression of the forms, uses and qualifications of the urban fabric, all united in an unstable configuration. In contemporary cities spaces get more and more fragmented. Nevertheless, they join according to obvious continuities, complementarities and transitions. So, the urban space is not composed of autonomous territories forming a mosaic, but are a set of interrelated spaces. The urban scale reveals how places are linked together and their relation to the inhabitants. Thus it creates a tension between human representations, urban forms an practical uses : in this way a city has a scale, not a size not a dimension
Noda, Minori. "La représentation du paysage urbain dans Les Rougon-Macquart." Thesis, Paris 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA030027.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was to clarify the perception of reality, truth and even the history of the creation of novels through the analysis of Zola's novels and the analysis of the urban landscapes represented in the novels. We first examined as much as possible the discourses of history from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, and we saw how these discourses, the romantic works of the preceding period and the ideas of the novelist created the new aesthetic of Zola. From there, through the analysis of preparatory files, we saw how the writer Zola directly traces the reality of the Second Empire and even of the Third Republic. We examined this process of literary creation in the second part. On the basis of these underlying ideas and analyzes, we studied the text of the novels from the point of view of the contrast between the symbolic and the real in the description of the urban landscape, of the correlation between the urban space and the characters, characters and their statements. Finally, we have made a detailed study of the urban landscapes represented in the descriptions. The imagination of the novelist Zola, creator of a story, penetrates deeply into the world. His imagination lights it up with a powerful look at human beings and things. By reading this novel of the urban space that Zola offers us and by following the gaze of his characters, by taking the paths they have taken, by following their wanderings in the districts of Paris, we could still find the world that has been portrayed in today's city
Féraud, Olivier. "VOIX PUBLIQUES. Environnements sonores, représentations et usages d'habitation dans un quartier populaire de Naples." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462396.
Full textRibal-Rilos, Myrtô. "De la campagne à la ville, de la ville à la campagne, les lakou marine et fruit à pain, étapes foyalaises d'un itinéraire social : approche anthropo-historique du rapport au végétal dans une société créole." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AGUY0195.
Full textMobility is particular in the beginning of XX century in Martinique. This mobility is in relation with the social's représentations. The research is an observation of the relationship with people and plants when they lives first in the countryside, next in Lakou which is a place around the city, after they lives in the city , in the suburbs,and in the countryside
Voisin, Chloé. "Die Gestaltung von neuen öffentlichen Räumen im Stadtzentrum von Dresden und Chemnitz : Welche Räume für welche Gesellschaft?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20105/document.
Full textWhich are the representations that guide the planning actors along their public spaces conception? Which project, -of city, of society- underlies the urban planning? Which are the visions of the planners? Which norms, which values do they want to defend through their project? What is for them the meaning of public space? What is their own definition?These questions are finding a particular echo in Dresden and Chemnitz: these two cities have been the subject for a few years of a creation and transformation program of their central public spaces. These two fields are interesting for the study of the planner’s imagination not only due to the importance of the program led (not less than six new public spaces in each city) but also due to specific history of both cities. The center of Dresden and Chemnitz has been almost completely destroyed by the allied bombardments in 1945 and it has been only partially rebuilt under the GDR according to completely new urbanistic principles. Since the fall of the Socialist Regime and the Reunification, the question of the planners is which model is to be followed to achieve the reconstruction of the still unfinished city center.The almost complete lack of architectural heritage to protect does not make it necessary to negotiate with the architectural heritage officers who are in Europe at the heart of all contemporary projects. In that respect, Dresden and Chemnitz are particularly entrancing, because the planning actors enjoy a very large liberty to implement without any legal obstruction their conception of the urban planning. It would be possible here than better anywhere else to read the contemporary planning imagination
Caprani, Isabelle. "Les enjeux spatiaux et sociaux d'une dynamique interethnique en transition dans les quartiers de centre-ville : la construction des diverses formes de représentations dans la manière de définir un quartier de Nice : thèse." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2024.
Full textThe general objective of this PHD is to define the specificity of an urban space located in the downtown area with social and interethnic dynamics. Specifically the diverse ethnic form and sign to include the understanding manner where society has lived in a specific urban context. The particularity of this work is to advance an analytic method using two disciplines : geography and sociology, in order to bring up a transdisciplinarian research with a common method
Gillot, Gaëlle. "Ces autres espaces. Les jardins publics dans les grandes villes du monde arabe : politiques et pratiques au Caire, à Rabat et à Damas." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685241.
Full textGey, Adrien. "L'évolution des rapports ville nature dans la pensée et la pratique aménagistes : la consultation internationale du Grand Paris." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002384.
Full textMartin, Elsa. "Les conséquences socio-spatiales de l'action publique patrimoniale : le cas de la cité épiscopale d'Albi inscrite sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'Unesco." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20110.
Full textJoining the UNESCO World Heritage Sites brings economic, social and cultural hope to the local administrators, who are, the most often, at the initiative of the application. As a matter of fact, the enhancement of the heritage carries territorial stakes such as the touristic development of the city or the quality of life improvement for the inhabitants. However, the scientific literature also points out the negative sides of an urban heritage designation, for instance, when in city centres gentrification or “museumification” processes are described. At the crossroads of these aspects, we question the socio-spatial consequences of the heritage activities on the inhabitants, i.e. those who are the main recipients. Our methodological bias was to mobilise a quantitative and qualitative approach to the main recipients (inhabitants, shopkeepers, visitors) in the case of the Episcopal City of Albi (Tarn) registered on the UNESCO’s list of world heritage in 2010. The result of our thesis is to confirm that the socio-spatial consequences of the public heritage action are not unequivocal depending on the stakeholders and the scale of analysis considered. It produces ambivalent effects compared to the goals announced regarding the attractiveness, the inhabitants' implication in the city life and sense of belonging to the city. Likewise, public authorities are not fully able to avoid the heritage activities producing undesired effects on the living conditions of the inhabitants
Sirota-Chelzen, Hélène. "La place de la concertation dans la mise en oeuvre de projets urbains durables à travers l'exemple de l'agglomération parisienne : territoires, acteurs, représentations." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H041/document.
Full textSince Rio 1992, consultation has become an essential political and social practice. It responds to a request from citizens to participate in public debate, decision-making, local management and the city's factory. Consultation, which has become regulatory and brings together a plurality of actors, is the place and time when issues of governance, territorial management and urban sustainability are at stake. The thesis seeks to answer the following questions: to what extent are governance processes, put into practice through consultation and resulting from environmental public policies, effective in territorial planning strategies ? How to measure the effects of these processes? What roles do these processes play in the development of land-use patterns? The scientific approach used was based on observation of consultation meetings. The surveys were carried out in the territories of the Greater Paris Metropolis, which is changing as a result of the metropolization of the territory and the application of the principles of urban sustainability.The survey made it possible to compare the representations of the in habitants and those of the project leaders with regard to the evaluation of participation, the objects that make up the territory and the spatial representations. This confrontation of representations highlights the dissonances and meeting points between these categories of actors. Another part of the thesis attempted to understand the inhabitants' motivation for participation, their expectations and spatial practices. As a result of these surveys, it appears that the "city factory" can no longer be built without the inhabitants - users who want to be informed about urban projects and heard by project leaders. However, when consultation is taken seriously by all stakeholders, it tends to best meet the principles of urban sustainability
Bonnotte, Claire. "Le thème iconographique de l’apparition du Christ à Emmaüs au regard des évolutions spirituelles, liturgiques et culturelles de l’Occident : (XIe-XVIe siècles)." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100018.
Full textThis research is an iconographic investigation and historical explanation of the religious mentalities of the period herein envisaged (XIth-XVIth centuries). The study aims to show the singularity of this theme overly neglected by historians and art historians for the benefit of other biblical themes more represented. The analysis required several areas of research: the image, the liturgy, the exegesis, the spirituality and also the literature depicting Christ in Emmaus by the yardstick of the spiritual, liturgical, cultural and artistic history of the Christian Western World. The areas of research deal with the implications of liturgical, sacramental order, and also the devotional and cultural aspects of the theme, such as they are revealed throughout the Western Middle Ages. The far-reaching significance of the changing perceptions, themes and variations of the relationships between iconography and « dramatic fact » influences the evolution of all areas of thought, literature and theatre as well as fundamental religious beliefs and interpretations. It is all the most important to understand how certain transfers are done in this context, in particular the evolution from the apparition of Christ to the « pilgrims » of Emmaus, whose image is shaped during this period
Galán, Tamés Geneviève. "Une histoire du corps féminin dans le milieu conventuel de la ville de Mexico, durant le 17ème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0020.
Full textIn recent decades the topic of the body has come to occupying a marginal place to occupy priviledged one within the historical panorama. As a historical question it constitutes the first step in addressing broader social problems. It is in this sense that this thesis looks to find outline and elucidate how the female body was thought of and how its irnagery (or mental images) was constructed and how the corporal experience in the ambit of religious conventual life in Mexico City during the XVII century was like. Namely, which were the corporal models that women who lived during that period identified themselves with and the instruments, the techniques and the means that were followed to,achieve this. How does this society imagine the body of a woman and organize the représentations that make in intelligible. The importance of this research topic is not to be made less ; the importance of the body is evident for women, who throughout history, have been defined, associated and confused with their body
Viaud, Jean. "Changement des représentations sociales ou déplacement social des sujets dans l'espace des représentations ? : étude longitudinale des représentations sociales de l'économie." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H067.
Full textLeddet-Giraud, Annie. "L'image de la campagne chez les citadins." Toulouse 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOU20010.
Full textMogos, Andreaa Alina. "Réalités sociales médiatisées : représentations sociales des Roumains dans la presse écrite française." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/150240635#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textMedia have the power to cultivate specific views about the reality. The selection, framing, production of the media discourse and the staging of the everyday events are leading to the construction of a media reality, which is frequently different from the social reality. The aim of the research is to analyze the media representations regarding the otherness and to discuss how discursive and representational strategies contributed to the construction, dissemination and perpetuation of the Romanians' images in the French main newspapers : Le Figaro, Le Monde and Liberation between 1995 and 2005
Bonetto, Eric. "Représentations sociales et identité sociale : le rôle des représentations sociales et de leur structure dans l'affiliation au groupe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0282.
Full textThe observation of Jahoda (1988) about the lack of test of the theory of social representations remains relevant about the identity features of SRs. This PhD thesis is particularly interested in the role of these representations in the affiliation to the group. In this perspective, it takes place at the articulation between the structural approach to social representations and the social identity perspective. Twelve studies test different hypotheses in the framework of this articulation. Studies 1a (N = 324) and 1b (N = 268) are interested in the potential effect of the structure of social representations on group identification. Studies 2, 3a and b, 4a and b (from N = 143 to N = 358) are interested in the potential role of SRs in the recognition of group members and in their prototypicality. Studies 3a and b, 4a and b, 5a and b (from N = 161 to N = 358) explore the social value of social representations. Finally, studies 6a, b and c (from N = 49 to N = 52) deal with perceived sharedness in the structural approach to social representations. The consequences for the theory of social representations of theinconsistent results observed are discussed in the light of Popper’s and Lakatos’ epistemological considerations. Different research perspectives are also presented, some being accompanied of empirical studies
Marchand, Dorothée. "Relations entre la structure urbaine, les modes d'appropriation et les représentations spatiales et conceptuelle de la ville." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H052.
Full textThis research focuses on the role played by urban structure, and more specifically the centrality, in the psychological construction of the urban space. We support the assumption that the urban structure determines the representation of a town which the individuals are building and which induces the way they appropriate the structure, linked with the identity processes. We carried out a survey on 236 subjects selected along three main variables : the urban structure (traditional/modern), the stage in life cycle (young working people/students), and the place of residence within the city (according to the spatial position in relation to the physical centre and a spatial fracture in the urban tissue). (. . . )
Monteilhet, Véronique. "Les représentations sociales du monde balzacien dans ses adaptations filmiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20009.
Full textSierra, Cristancho Gina Paola. "Vivre en « Mode Bogotá » : pratiques et représentations dans une ville sous tension." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0118.
Full textThis doctoral thesis proposes to widen the question of urban practices and urban representations of security on the basis of the study of three different zones of Bogotá (Colombia): la Candelaria, La Macarena and Usaquén, between 2000 and 2018. The effects of insecurity and violence have been analysed in relation to the social use of public spaces and the town's politics related to these issues. This study is based on the urban experiences of citizens, their living spaces and the ways in which their every-day mobility has been shaped in these central zones of the Colombian capital city.This ethnographic study is also based on the choice of a dialogue between different methods and diverse sources, from semi-directed interviews, to mind maps and institutional documents, but also of representations that are implicit in certain literary works. This approach brings to light the existence of citizens’ skills specific to the Colombian metropolis: a "singular behaviour” in Bogotá that is conveyed through strategies and manoeuvres developed by citizens in order to face tense situations and different types of constraints. The practices and representations of the city are shaped into navigation charts and maps, created by the inhabitants of the studied zones, that condense the deep knowledge of the rhythms, the dynamics and the frontiers of the Bogotano territories.These practices reveal a set of shared codes, recognized and rooted in the urban society, that allow the solving of every-day problems linked to security. This citizen behaviour entails basic skills that have become, over time, a “shared common sense” that an inhabitant of Bogotá must possess in order to master the city in its material dimensions, especially in the territorial ones, but also in the symbolic or immaterial dimensions. This knowledge reveals a distinctive wisdom of the capital-city territory
Girard, Paul. "Dispositifs, corps et images dans l'architecture : perceptions et représentations à l'origine de nos repères dans l'espace architectural, urbain et paysager." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083489.
Full textOrfanos, Charalampos. "Représentations sociales et comédie : les classes d'âge dans trois pièces d'Aristophane." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0336.
Full textThis thesis has three parts, the first one concerning social representations of age groups in acharnians, the second, in knights and the third, in birds. Its aim is not only to shows the consequences of the age of each mask on each character's attitude. It is, above all, to give an interpretation of the gap often observed in old comedy between the age and the dramatic action of each character. This is why i tried to read these three plays under different points of view, including narrative elements hardly related to the principal matter of my study, such as education, sexuality - above all pederastic sexuality - and even hunting or fishing, the function of the last two of these elements often beign to place the caracters conerned in the margin of the adult male community
Gazaille, La Rue Héloïse. "Les représentations sociales de la nation dans le quotidien La Presse." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2012. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5188/1/030331424.pdf.
Full textTer, Minassian Hovig. "Ciutat Vella entre réhabilitation et gentrification : politiques publiques et changements sociaux dans le centre ancien de Barcelone (1980-2008)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443785.
Full textLassaire, Jean-Paul. "Les savoirs savants dans les représentations du métier d'éducateur spécialisé." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0024.
Full textParent, Alain. "Entre empire et nation : Gravures de la ville de Québec et des environs, 1760-1833." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20940/20940.pdf.
Full textLaporte-Mitjana, Geneviève. "Implication et représentations professionnelles dans l'insertion par l'activité économique." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20034.
Full textThis research was conducted on the basis of "implication professional mode" as suggested by Christine Mias. The thesis exposed here tends to assert that the manner with which the three elements Sense/meaning ; Reference Points, Feeling of Control are requested within the professional sphere induces an "own way of being" which influences the actor's professional representations which thereby can be numerous in the same area. The survey was conducted in the field of integration through economic activity (I. A. E. : Insertion par l'Activité Economique). People working in this activity are in a paradoxical position between : economic balance – social take in charge of people on the verge of exclusion. Through this choice of area, we intended to verify that the actors' attitude and approach of their mission were impacted by these two opposite ideological references. The results confirm that context, implication mode and professionnal representations work in a systemic relation
Salesses, Lucile. "Rôle du niveau de connaissance dans le processus de structuration d'une représentation sociale : l'exemple d'Internet." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10019.
Full textPlante, Marie-Pier. "Les représentations sociales véhiculées par les tribunes téléphoniques dans les médias interactifs." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1741/1/030149073.pdf.
Full textCampillo, Jean-Paul. "Les représentations des problématiques sociales dans le cinéma espagnol contemporain (1997-2011)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2002/document.
Full textThis thesis is about documentaries which, in Spain, are in a half-way between militant commitment and political disengagement. Our research focused on minority movies likely to take the opposite view of the feeble representations of social problematics, and thus, to propose a political interpretation. These productions, by coming closer to militancy, question the speech and the action of in place authorities (political and economical) and, at the mean time, show alternatives that belong to a distant or very recent past. Portmán, a la sombra de Roberto (Miguel Martí, 2001), El efecto Iguazú (Pere Joan Ventura, 2002), 200 km. (Discusión14, 2003), La mano invisible (Isadora Guardia, 2004), Veinte años no es nada (Joaquín Jordà, 2004), El astillero (Disculpen las molestias) (Alejandro Zapico, 2007), Flores de luna (Juan Vicente Córdoba, 2009), 15M Libre te quiero (Basilio Martín Patino, 2011), although these movies share a lot of things in common with social criticism, they do not focus on individual fates, but rather on collective projects. Moreover, beyond describing facts, they act as whistleblowers in order to modify the viewer’s consciousness
Moise, Raluca. "Représentations culturelles et pratiques sociales de genre dans le SMS des adolescents." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209891.
Full textdifférentes. Dès son premier usage, le SMS était vu par les compagnies de téléphonie mobile
comme un moyen de transmission d’informations utiles pour les adultes – l’évolution de la
Bourse, des informations sur la météo (Ling, 2001). Par son passage à l’adoption par les
jeunes dans les années 1995 et 1997 et jusqu’aujourd’hui, le SMS devient un phénomène qui
suscite des représentations diverses et des discours assez contradictoires, même virulents par
rapport à son appropriation par les jeunes. Si, dans l’espace francophone et anglophone, le
sujet du “langage SMS” est bien connu, constituant une figure récurrente des discours des
mass-médias et des enseignants qui sortent en évidence les effets négatifs sur les compétences
orthographiques des élèves, ailleurs, et notamment en Roumanie, les discours des massmédias
constatent l’existence du phénomène, sans mettre en évidence les aspects négatifs, s’il
en existe. Un autre registre est celui de l’espace soi-disant virtuel, où des sites Internet relèvent les divers usages du SMS dans le monde3, dans le cadre des diverses industries (le politique4, les
services publics5, le divertissement6). Hors de ces présences qui attestent l’explosion de la
communication par l’intermédiaire du SMS, il existe aussi, par exemple, des concours de
poésie par SMS: leur enjeu est de voir comment la créativité individuelle peut être compactée
en 160 caractères, en résultant un possible mélange entre le hai-ku et cette technologie de
dernière génération. Le SMS, dont on décriera l’évolution plus tard, dépasse ainsi ses
fonctions primaires de communication et de socialisation, en devenant un milieu de créativité
et d’innovation artistique.La vie quotidienne est aussi un domaine où le SMS est très visible et qui détermine la création d’une représentation collective qui attribuerait le SMS aux jeunes à part d’autre type de public. Constamment, autour de soi, on peut voir des jeunes utilisant le téléphone mobile pour envoyer des messages. La scène déjà évoquée, issue de mes observations
ethnographiques, en est particulièrement illustrative. Toutes ces contextes donnent une présence active de l’usage du SMS. A chaque
contexte, un discours spécifique. Cette diversité contextuelle et discursive incontestable a
constitué une première raison d’approfondir le sujet du SMS. Alors, la question fondamentale surgit :comment peut-on traiter d’un tel sujet ?Quelle est la « bonne » voie interprétative ?Nous nous proposons de relier deux aspects, la
communication et les usages, ce qui nous semble essentiel pour la construction de l’objet du
SMS. Il s’agit donc d’étudier les discours caractéristiques de la culture des jeunes, sur le plan des pratiques comme des représentations, en mettant un accent particulier sur leur façon de
construire des stratégies pour surmonter les contraintes imposées par l’objet technique (le
SMS présente en fait des caractéristiques linguistiques liées aux spécificités du support
technique) mais aussi sur leur façon de « se mettre en scène » dans les SMS. Nous verrons
ainsi en quoi il y a une prise en compte des règles du groupe de pairs dans la culture
adolescente, en même temps qu’une élaboration de stratégies de distanciation. C’est la
démarche spécifique à l’anthropologie de la communication. On pourrait aborder le SMS en mobilisant les approches de réseau, dans des termes de fonctionnabilité du réseau, de rôles de chaque acteur qui y participe et du principe du pouvoir qui leur serait intrinsèque (Latour 1991) :le message reçu par le jeune légitime la bonne
fonctionnalité du réseau, dont les autres jeunes font partie, ainsi que leurs positions à
l’intérieur du réseau social. Le fait d’avoir partagé le SMS est un signe de pouvoir symbolique
envers les autres. Ces approches omettent cependant un aspect que nous considérons comme
important, à savoir le caractère ludique, que ce soit le ludique intrinsèque du message
(exprimé par un contenu amusant, une blague, un ragot, etc.) ou le ludique extérieur du
message (exprimé par l’acte d’envoyer un message, qui surmonte l’ennui temporel).
J’argumenterai que le ludique est le facteur qui explique le grand succès du SMS et de sa
consolidation auprès des jeunes.
Par rapport à la constitution de l’anthropologie comme discipline, les études
anthropologiques de nouvelles technologies informationnelles et communicationnelles
(NTIC) sont apparues très récemment, au cours des années 1990 du dernier siècle. S’agissant
d’un groupe assez réduit de chercheurs qui, en plus, ne connaissaient pas les travaux de leurs
pairs, les études initiales étaient plutôt descriptives et empiriques ;le SMS y était présenté en tant qu’une réalité « exotique ». Son « exotisme » a penché sur le discours anthropologique assez longtemps, jusqu’à la fin des années 1990, quand l’anthropologie fait son bilan et elle découvre que la période des études descriptives doit finir et commencer l’étape de
problématisation. Ainsi, les anthropologues se ciblent sur le rapport entre le nouveau et
l’ancien dans la communication médiatisée par NTIC, commencent à rechercher dans le passé
des usages similaires, pour construire une théorie des nouveaux modèles communicationnels.
L’anthropologie de la communication du fin des années 1990 et le début des 20008
s’éloigne de la sociologie par sa démarche diachronique et comparative. L’usage est remplacé
par le concepte de la pratique (ce qui impliquait une interprétation des usages dans leur
dynamique). Par la suite, la perspective synchronique laisse la place à une démarche
diachronique, les anthropologues décrivant la façon dont les pratiques communicationnelles
d’un certain médium prennent des nouvelles significations, en fonction de contexte et des
individus. Si la sociologie réalisait des comparaisons entre les usages des divers NTIC dans le même contexte temporel, l’anthropologie de la communication emploie la méthode
comparatiste au niveau diachronique aussi. L’ancien et le nouveau dans la communication
médiatisée par NTIC constituent la cible scientifique des anthropologues. Cette focalisation est importante aussi pour la spécialisation de l’objet de la recherche ;son évolution poursuit le schème suivant en anthropologie de la communication :NTIC → type d’objet électronique (téléphone mobile, ordinateur, tam-tam etc) → une fonctionnalité de l’objet technologique qui connaît des développement surprenants (SMS, vidéo-appel, MMS, chat, Instant Messenger,Facebook, MySpace etc). On passe de la « computer mediated communication » aux pratiques communicationnelles spécifiques à chaque fonctionnalité, de singulier au pluriel.
Il n’est resté que peu de temps jusqu’à ce que l’objet technologique devienne sujet des
interrogations dans la culture matérielle. De date très récente, dans l’espace anglo-saxon9 et
francophone10, ces études mettent dans le centre de leur analyse la relation entre l’individu et
l’objet technologique, donc la consommation. Les rapports entre les deux instances de la
relation décrivent deux directions de l’action :l’incorporation de l’objet (l’objet agit sur
l’individu) et l’excorporation de l’objet (l’individu agit sur l’objet). Cette relation est vue dans ces concrétisations en divers lieux du monde, les anthropologues présentant une localisation des pratiques et des représentations d’un certain objet technologique. La culture matérielle reprend la dimension synchronique d’un objet technologique (les usages en divers contextes)dans le cadre plus large diachronique, segmenté en fonction des étapes d’appropriation :
l’adoption, la création de l’utilité, la consolidation des usages. Cette trajectoire de l’objet décrit une démarche paradigmatique, dont chaque étape est construite par les pratiques et les représentations créées par les usagers. Le processus d’appropriation est donc le cadre
théorique plus large dans lequel les anthropologues intègrent les conceptes de la sociologie et de l’anthropologie communicationnelle. Influencée par la sémiotique, la culture matérielle décrit, donc, les significations complexes de la relation entre l’individu et l’objet technologique (que nous allons décrire en détail dans le premier chapitre de la thèse). On comprend assez facilement pourquoi le téléphone mobile est un objet technologique soumis au processus d’appropriation, mais pourrait-on dire que le SMS est un objet de consommation ?
Gérald Gaglio ainsi l’interprète :« Ce tour d'horizon a permis d'identifier les étapes de la
diffusion d'une nouvelle pratique sociale liée à un support technique, le SMS. Elle apparaît
suite à une ruse qui consiste à contourner le coût de l'appel téléphonique et profite d'un effet
de réseau. Elle s'enrichit de la création d'un univers de sens puis interpelle par l'action d'une "
minorité active " constituée par les adolescents. Elle sort enfin de son contexte de création
9 Heather Horst et Daniel Miller 2006, The cell phone: An Anthropology of communication, Berg. In press,
Oxford.
10 Bernard Blandin 2002, La construction du social par les objets, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris.
11
puisqu'elle est appropriée par d'autres populations qui élargissent les types de contenus
transmis. »11
Dominique Desjeux partage la même opinion quand elle compare la diffusion du SMS
en Chine, France et Pologne: « In the field of telephony, mobile or fixed, and more generally
in that of electronic information technologies, SMS is an interesting example of the spread of
an innovation because it has occurred without the need for any special marketing action. Its
spread has been spontaneous except in Poland where the later arrival of SMS meant that it
was immediately associated with uses of mobile phones. Hence, its success is linked to
invisible uses and associations that existed potentially in society before the expansion of
SMS. It is interesting to review these in order to understand at least partially the logic
underlying the spread of future innovations. Hence the purpose of this article is to show the
invisible uses that have been gradually revealed by surveys on SMS practices, especially
qualitative ones and mostly on a micro-social scale, carried out in France (partly under my
direction) by Catherine Lejealle (2003), in Poland by Malgorzata Kamieniczna (2004) and in
China by Anne Sophie Boisard (2004). Another aim is to show the shared or singular
practices of the three cultures analysed. The social uses of SMS in the world fit into a
dynamic that is constantly evolving among users, from the youngest to the oldest, and are
based on a written expression that constantly invents new codes or forms of the written
language. »12
Les deux chercheurs se situent en continuité avec notre grille d’analyse ;tous les deux
reconnaissent l’émergence du SMS dans des pays différents, dans le cadre des sous-cultures
délimitées par l’âge. G. Gaglio et D. Desjeux voient dans la pratique du SMS un exemple de
détournement du préscrit, déterminé par la capacité des usagers d’innover. Influencés par la
thèorie de Norbert Alter sur l’innovation ordinaire13, les deux anthropologues, à la suite d’une
démarche comparative entre plusieurs espaces, considèrent que le SMS est un objet de
consommation. Ses développements différents, les pratiques changeantes, expression d’une
créativité individuelle et collective, font que le SMS accomplisse « les conditions » pour être
considéré un objet soumis au processus complexe de la consommation.
11 Gérald Gaglio, 2005, “La pratique du SMS en France: analyse d'un comportement de consommation in tant
que phénomène social”, Paris, Consommations et société n°4, electronic journal, www.argonautes.fr
12 Dominique Desjeux ,2005, „SMS uses and issues in China, France and Poland”, Paris, Consommations et
société n°4, electronic journal, www.argonautes.fr.
13 Norbert Alter, 2000, L'innovation ordinaire, Paris, PUF.
12
Cette façon d’aborder le SMS est celle que nous suivrons aussi ;quand même,
l’explication de l’émergence du SMS ne nous suffit pas. Considérer l’explosion du SMS
comme ayant ses racines que dans la capacité créative des usagers (les innovateurs ordinaires)
nous semble une explication un peu aride, qui laisse à coté les conditions du contexte qui ont
fait que le détournement se réalise. Et, en plus, en quoi consiste-t-elle, cette capacité créative ?
Suffit-il de le nommer pour expliquer tout un phénomène ?Quels sont donc les ressorts
intérieurs du passage de « manières de faire » aux « arts de faire »14 ?
Ces sont des questionnements qui font de SMS un objet qui peut être soumis à une
interrogation scientifique et à tout un travail de terrain.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Apostolidis, Thémis. "Penser le rapport au sexuel à l'époque du sida : représentations sociales de la sexualité dans une population de jeunes adultes en France et en Grèce." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0035.
Full textStewart, Isobel. "Effets de contexte dans l'activation des représentations sociales : schéma de genre et professions." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081744.
Full textMotta, Caroline. "Villes nouvelles métropolitaines du XXe siècle dans le monde : observation, représentations et identité des paysages urbains." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040130.
Full textThe proliferation of new towns as an alternative development near the metropolis in the 20th Century in the world, a priori suggests the reproduction of an urban archetype, the “garden city”, a posteriori a change towards a specific 21st Century prototype might be expected. These assumptions encourage a deepening of the existing form and of its reflected image: what type of townscape built and yet to be built. The present doctoral thesis enables us to take advantage of the binomial “new town/townscape”.From observation to qualification, the analysis is based on the precursors of townscape's traditional practices: picturesque survey, serial vision, skyline, urban inventory and morphological reading. The methodology operates mainly through still images (photographs) and moving images (video) collected through fieldwork in France, China, the Netherlands, Finland, the USA and England.The major components of the “metropolitan new towns” development are presented along four themes: multipolarity or town-center(s), mineral fabric or mobility weft, natural fabric and “vertical fabric” or “architectural membrane”. Considering the lack of renewal in the graphic interpretation of townscapes, a representation such as an “Identity Map”, which expresses a more sensitive experience, is proposed.This multidisciplinary, achronic and international research confirms the facial identity of the “metropolitan new town” of the 20th Century, downplaying the notion of an urban model. It recognizes in the townscape both non-transferable qualities and a leveraging potential for territorial development. It emphasizes the role of urban aesthetics in contributing to the pleasure of new town residents
Coelho, da Silva Abelardo. "Représentations du handicap dans les séries télévisées : exemples dans le Brésil post-dictature." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0006.
Full textTelevision programs play a crucial role in Brazilian culture in that they create and convey specific norms, values and beliefs. This is particularly striking in the telenovelas – or soap operas -, which are produced in large numbers and broadcast on all television networks, especially TV Globo, the dominant media conglomerate.Telenovelas are the most important products in Brazil’s cultural industry. As such, they provide a comprehensive basis for the analysis of social representations related to significant objects or subjects in Brazilian society. This research is focused upon disability and its visual representations in a range of 30 telenovelas covering the period 1985-2013. Interestingly, postdictatorship Brazil saw the resurgence of social movements and the claiming of rights for persons with disabilities. The approach is based on film criticism, the analysis of aesthetic elements and discourses subsequently leading to anthropological perspectives. 40 characters are thus categorized taking into account gender, age and social class as well as the causes of disabilities and the specific locations where the disabled persons evolve in the telenovelas. These representations centre upon problematic issues as citizenship is often denied to them
Cloutier, Élisabeth. "Les représentations sociales dans les campagnes de marketing de cause : la campagne (RED) et les représentations sociales spécifiques à l'ethnicité et aux relations de pouvoir." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2271/1/030275981.pdf.
Full textSilva, Vanderlan Francisco da. "Dissonances tropicales : la violence dans l'imaginaire brésilien." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H091.
Full textThe present thesis work discusses the place of the violence in the imaginary Brazilian. It proposes a reading of the function of the violence in the process of construction of the social relationships in Brazil. Leaving of a perspective in the which the violence if constitue as an element of base of the social relationships between individuals and groups, deal with the symbolic images of the violence. In the first two chapters is discussed the influences that the first conflicts between the autochthonous people and the Portuguese settlers produced for the Brazilian society. In the third chapter, is the discussed the production of the conflicts of its links with the geaographic space, being demonstrated as the physical spaces is classified while rifts where the notions of good and of evil they settle down in consonance with the Brazilian imaginary universe. In that chapter, we looked for to decipher as the perception of the violence and the several denominations still elaborated in each time they are themselves same result of valued and conflicting relationships that seek to make sacred some expressions of the violence at the same time they condemn others. In the fourth chapter, it is discussed the aesthetic transformations of the violence in the Brazilian modernity. In the last chapter the relationship is discussed among the social structure, hierarchy and the production of conflicts. It tries to show that the violence constitue a type of anthropological structure of the social relationships in Brazil
Cadot, Christine. "Les deux Atlantiques : Europe-Amérique, la découverte de deux mondes et son influence sur la perception française du modèle fédératif américain." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA083707.
Full textThe main statement of this research is that Europe and America as political categories have their roots in a nationalistic rhetoric, both in France and in the United States. These categories act like a distorting mirror in French perceptions of American federalism. This research encompasses three main themes. First, we define the notion of "discovery" in pointing out its political presupposition, which represents and shapes both Europe and America as naturalized worlds. Second, we apply this distorting mirror to the special case of American republicanism and third, to one of its modalities - federalism. This research was conducted at some specific times of nationhood crisis, both in France and in the United States. We will particularly deal with the rhetorical use of a supposed ontological break between Europe and America in revolutionary times, as well as in the Jacksonian and Civil War eras
Cohen, Golda. "Les représentations sociales du médicament : une perspective iconographique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30093/document.
Full textThe medicine is a social object that is at the heart of many material and symbolic relationships. In order to know the opinions and knowledge associated with it within the French population, we mobilized the theoretical framework of social representations. Due to the massive spread of images in new mediums of communication, we chose to limit the research that constitutes this PhD in the iconographic perspective. As such, our investigations revolve around two axes: The first axis (N = 946) is concerned with the involvement of the mental imagery in the formation of social representation of the medicine. The three investigations carried out with this focus allowed us to observe the collective nature of mental imagery, encouraging research on the images. The second axis (N = 615) focuses in the processes mobilized by individuals when it comes to selecting, memorizing and understanding the images associated with the prototypical words of the social representation of the medicine. The results suggest the development of a methodology with the images. As a whole, the investigations invite the reader on one hand, to consider the importance of social representations in the deciphering of visual images, on the other hand to dig deeper in the iconography of the methodological perspective of the theory of social representations
Gladysz, Marc. "Communication d'entreprise et identités d'acteurs : pour une théorie discursive des représentations sociales." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10026.
Full textThe purpose of company communication is foten confined to transmitting operative information or employees' motivations. But this prospect is instrumental; it is based on two partial models : the "code" model which confines communication to the linear transmission of a piece of information and is relatively indifferent to the social context of the exchange, and "the paradigm of effects" which links information to the transforming of personal conducts and stems from a narroc behaviourist notion. In both cases, the whole cognitive process of the performer within the language is inderrated. We can talk of a flattening of the symbolic dynamics within the organisation. On the contrary, the model proposed here leads us to put the emphasis on the discourse as a place where social representations are carried out and around which the crurial stakes of communication are structured. Language operates as a mediatory structure, from which not only subjectivities are joined together, but also performers' identities are elaborated. Through three separate corpus (employees' interviews, article form a company publication, minutes from staff committees' meetings) and leaning on the theories of discourse analysis
Valencia, Abundiz Silvia. "Représentations sociales : image idéale et vécu de la relation de couple." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0029.
Full textThe study of social representations in couples' relationship and in the marriage, has a primary objective to know which is the relation between the ideal image of the couples' relationship and the marriage, and the personal experience; as well as to know the semantic contents of the representations regarding the couple relationship and the marriage, and also the way those meanings act over the individual and social practices. The methodological procedures used were the semi-directive interview and the questionnaire. The interviews went through two types of analysis : thematic and sequential content and lexicographic Alcest's support, for the questionnaire, the statistical processor SPSS. The results' interpretation was made according to three analysis levels: cultural (institution and values), social (expectations and hapiness) and individual (sexuality, affectivity and communication). The conclusions were that the image of the couples' relationship and the marriage, for men as well as women, still remains in traditional terms. It is due to this focus, that a new problematic about the ideal image and the personal experience on the couples relationship and marriage is approached, and by shedding light on the interactions and correspondences between representations, practices and values
Guillou-Michel, Elisabeth. "Les agriculteurs et l'environnement : représentations sociales et pratiques dans un monde en mutation." Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05H050.
Full textThis research aims the study of the pro-environmental behaviour in agriculture, behaviour defined as the commitment or lack of commitment of farmers to agricultural actions in favour of environmental preservation. It is a question of defining which elements, related to the individual and the external context, distinguish the commited farmers from the non-commited ones in this type of actions. Specifically, we explore in which way the socioeconomic and political context, as well as the representations, the evaluation and the perception of the environement interfere with the behaviour of the subjects. The investigation consists in quantitative and qualitative study of the relationship between farmers and the society, their profession and the physical environment. The results highlight various ideologies within the agricultural world These ideologies define distinct parctices, some pro-environmental and specific to organic agriculture ones, others conventional and specific to traditional agriculture. At the same time, in the current agricultural context, social, political and economic constraints put pressure on the traditional farmers and modify the attitude and the opinions of some of them and incite them to turn their practices in favour of the environment. The adopting of new practices has, in return, an impact on the farmer's representations of the environment and the agriculture
Obama, Boris. "Représentations sociales et identité sociale dans les groupes hiérarchiques : le cas du tennis." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH044.
Full textThis doctoral work is based on the hierarchical social organization of tennis players. The ai mis to observe the effects of this hierarchical structure, on the social representations that groups of players have about tennis. The positionning of an individual, or a groupe within a social structure, has an impact on the way it is perceived and how he perceided himself. This perception results from a process of social comparison. This positionning also has an impact on the identification of individuals. Three studies are conducted. The first is interested in the perception of the organization of the social matrix of tennis by the players. It highlights the existence of different groups of practices : from leisure tennis player, to the professional tennis players and their positioning within the matrix. It also explore the identification to the group, according to the positioning within the matrix, and measures the representation that those groupes of players, have of tennis. The second stydu open the social matrix, by questioning a group composed of athletes whose discipline is not tennis. The goal is to question certain results observed during the first study, and more particulary to evaluate the impact of the level variable. The third and final study uses two confirmatory methods. It focused on the representation of tennis among the target groupes (High Level, Competition, Leisure). It aims to highlight the effects of identification with the group on the content but also on the structure of the social representation. In conclusion, we consider the implications of our results in the framework of the theory of social representations. We emphasize the interest of defining the structure of the social matrix (hierarchical) and the positioning of the groups to apprehend social representation