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Journal articles on the topic 'Vocalic system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Quirós Rodríguez, Juan Santiago. "El sistema vocálico de la lengua chorotega o mangue." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 14, no. 2 (2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v14i2.18975.

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En este estudio del sistema vocal de la lengua chorotega ya extinta, se presentan diversos modelos de análisis vocálica (de 7, 5, 4 y 3 vocales) y un modo trivocalico se selecciona finalmente.In this study of the vowel system of the now-extinct Chorotega language, diverse models of vocalic analysis are presented (of 7, 5, 4 and 3 vowels) and a trivocalic mode is finally selected.

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Estill, D. "Revisiting the Meadow Mari Vocalic System." Linguistica Uralica 48, no. 3 (2012): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/lu.2012.3.09.

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Bendjaballah, Sabrina, and Philippe Ségéral. "The vocalic system of the Mehri of Oman." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 9, no. 1-2 (2017): 160–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-00901007.

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Existing grammars and descriptions of the Mehri of Oman usually deal with a presentation of the surface vocalic system only. Our aim in this article is to clarify the phonological structure of this system. We examine the nature of stress and its interaction with vocalic length and syllabic structure, and conclude that the vocalic system of the Mehri of Oman does not include any opposition of quantity at the phonological level. All superficially long vowels are the product of one of two processes: lengthening of open syllables under stress, and compensatory lengthening after the deletion of con

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Morozova, Olga N., Svetlana V. Androsova, and Nadezhda Ya Bulatova. "PHONEME FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE IN EVENKI: A PILOT STUDY." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 3 (2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2019_5_3_117_126.

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The current paper aimed at studying the 2 types of frequency of occurrence of phoneme groups and in some phoneme pairs - in the Evenki phonological system and speech. The results of the analysis of speech samples obtained from 4 Evenki subjects showed that there are objective grounds to consider this language as highly vocalic. These are notably higher frequencies of occurrence of vocalic sounds (vowels + sonorants) compared to obstruents both in the system and speech. Evenki is more vocalic than English and Russian and less vocalic than Yakut as far as system frequency of occurrence. This ten

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Sun, Jackson T. S. "Synchronic and diachronic phonology of Lavïa." Language and Linguistics / 語言暨語言學 21, no. 2 (2020): 285–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lali.00062.sun.

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Abstract Lavïa, spoken in a belt across both sides of the Yunnan-Myanmar border, is an under-researched Wa language falling under the Waic subgroup of Palaungic in the Austroasiatic language family. This study investigates the sound system of Lavïa and traces its development from an ancestral Proto-Wa-Lawa phonological system. Modern Lavïa phonology is characterized by well-preserved sesquisyllablic structure, rich inventories of consonant and vocalic clusters, and lack of phonemic tone or phonation. Diachronically, Lavïa shows widely attested Waic sound changes as well as certain distinctive

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Chacha, Chacha Nyaigotti, and David Odden. "The phonology of vocalic height in Kikuria." Studies in African Linguistics 27, no. 2 (1998): 129–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v27i2.107382.

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Vowel height harmony is common in Bantu languages, but the language Kikuria has a particularly rich system of vowel height alternations, which are described in this paper. Included in the height-related phonology of the language are three regressive height harmonies and one progressive harmony. Certain of these processes are triggered by glides and palatal consonants, while for other processes these consonants are transparent, and stem-initial vowels behave exceptionally for some, but not all, of these processes.

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White, David L. "Irish Influence in the Consonantal Spellings of Old English." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 26/2 (September 11, 2017): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.26.2.01.

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The consonantal spellings of Old English (OE) were significantly influenced by the consonantal spellings of Old Irish (OI). 1) <th/þ> vs. (post-vocalic) <d/ð>: though OE did not have a distinction between /θ/ and /ð/, OI did, spelling this asvs. (post- vocalic). 2) vs.: though OE did not have a distinction between /h/ and /x/, OI did, spelling the latter as. 3) and: both spellings appear to be from Irish. 4) : spellings of the “mixed voice” type, including “cg”, occur in OI, where they can spell either single or geminate voiced plosives. 5) (and ): almost certainly in final positio

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Szeptyński, Rafał. "Vocalic elements and prosody in Slavic comparatives." Indogermanische Forschungen 122, no. 1 (2017): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2017-0008.

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Abstract The first part of the article deals with the ablaut pattern(s) that may be reconstructed on the basis of Slavic comparatives. It is claimed that three separate morphological categories (including comparatives) support the interpretation of the vowel o in some suppletive roots as derived from the ∅-grade, possibly within the amphikinetic pattern; thus a new sound law is suggested for Proto-Slavic. In the second part, it is illustrated how the remodeling of the Proto-Slavic comparative formative supports the interpretation of Proto-Indo-European comparatives as quasi-primary derivatives

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Heller Murray, Elizabeth S., Roxanne K. Segina, Geralyn Harvey Woodnorth, and Cara E. Stepp. "Relative Fundamental Frequency in Children With and Without Vocal Fold Nodules." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 2 (2020): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00058.

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Purpose Relative fundamental frequency (RFF) is an acoustic measure that is sensitive to functional voice differences in adults. The aim of the current study was to evaluate RFF in children, as there are known structural and functional differences between the pediatric and adult vocal mechanisms. Method RFF was analyzed in 28 children with vocal fold nodules (CwVN, M = 9.0 years) and 28 children with typical voices (CwTV, M = 8.9 years). RFF is the instantaneous fundamental frequency ( f 0 ) of the 10 vocalic cycles during devoicing (vocal offset) and 10 vocalic cycles during the revoicing (vo

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MacNeilage, Peter F., and Barbara L. Davis. "Evolution of the form of spoken words." Phonetics of the Origins and Evolution of Speech 3, no. 1 (1999): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eoc.3.1.03mac.

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The basic internal structure of a word consists of an alternation between consonants and vowels. Words tend to begin with a consonant and end with a vowel. The fundamental evolutionary status of the consonant-vowel alternation is indicated by its presence in rhythmically organized pre-linguistic vocalizations of 7 month-old babbling infants. We have argued that the basic alternation results from a mandibular cyclicity ("The Frame") originally evolving for ingestive purposes. Here, we consider beginnings and endings of words. We conclude that preferences for consonantal beginnings and vocalic e

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Ertmer, David J. "Emergence of a Vowel System in a Young Cochlear Implant Recipient." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44, no. 4 (2001): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/063).

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This report chronicles changes in vowel production by a congenitally deaf child who received a multichannel cochlear implant at 19 months. The emergence of Hannah’s vowel system was monitored by transcribing vocalic segments from spontaneous utterances produced during two 30-minute recording sessions before implant surgery and 12 monthly recording sessions after her implant was activated. Vowel types were included in her inventory whenever transcribers independently agreed that a vocalization contained an allophone of a given vowel type. Hannah exhibited three vowel types before implantation.

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Schnitzer, Marc L., and Emily Krasinski. "The development of segmental phonological production in a bilingual child." Journal of Child Language 21, no. 3 (1994): 585–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009478.

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ABSTRACTA longitudinal diary-and-videotape study of the production of phonological segments by a Spanish–English bilingual child, age 1;1–3;9, revealed four stages in consonantal acquisition: presystematic variation, formation of a single system, separation into two systems corresponding to the two languages, and achievement of adult target values with later interference of one language in the other. Vocalic acquisition proceeded with widespread variation, followed by stabilization at target adult values, without any apparent intermediate unitary-system stage. Relevance of the data adduced her

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Hayward, R. J. "Concerning a vocalic alternation in North Omotic verb paradigms." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 54, no. 3 (1991): 535–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00000884.

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Examination of the verb paradigms of Omotic can easily engender a sense of bewilderment; there is such a variation from language to language, even when, in other respects, the languages concerned appear to be quite closely related. Coming to Omotic from a language group such as Eaśt Cushitic, the contrast is especially striking. For example, when investigating any little known East Cushitic language (and there are a few left!), one starts out with a strong expectation of finding in the verbal system certain morphological elements and patterns (e.g., t ‘2nd person, 3rd feminine singular’; n ‘1s

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Martin, Samuel E. "How Have Korean Vowels Changed Through Time." Korean Linguistics 10 (January 1, 2000): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.10.01sem.

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This paper was presented under the title "How has the Korean vowel system changed through time?" at the 11 th International Conference on Korean Linguistics (Honolulu, July 1998). There are three parts: (1) on Korean vowel harmony; (2) on the hypothesis that the values of the modem vowel system is the result of rotation, a shift of articulatory values; (3) on the connotative associations of the vocalic features, the etymological implications of vowel sets, and the canonical patterns found in the nouns and the verb stems.

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Eliasson, Stig. "Stress Alternations and Vowel Length: New Evidence for an Underlying Nine-Vowel System in Swedish." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 2 (1985): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001293.

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This paper presents new empirical evidence for a process description of quantity in Swedish. Like most other Germanic languages, Swedish possesses a rich array of stress-governing derivational suffixes which cause stress and length alternations in the stems to which they are attached. Such alternations bear crucially on the choice between a unit-oriented or process-oriented approach to Swedish phonology. Inasmuch as 18-vowel-phoneme solutions presuppose lexically inherent vocalic length, they result in a multitude of morphophonemic alternations between long and short vowels. In process solutio

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Boë, Louis-Jean, Frédéric Berthommier, Thierry Legou, et al. "Evidence of a Vocalic Proto-System in the Baboon (Papio papio) Suggests Pre-Hominin Speech Precursors." PLOS ONE 12, no. 1 (2017): e0169321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169321.

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Lekli, Lenida. "A Comparative Analysis of the Albanian and British English Vowel System." European Journal of Language and Literature 5, no. 2 (2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls-2019.v5i2-201.

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Analyzing the complexity of the articulatory process of the vowels in Albanian and English language is of crucial importance in distinguishing their unique phonetic and phonological properties. The standard Albanian vocalic system includes seven vowels, unlike the standard British English vowel system which consists of five vowels. Drawing points of similarity and differentiation between the vowel systems of the two languages requires detailed analysis regarding the degree of opening and the position of the tongue in the vowel tract. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to highlight differen

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Lipski, John M. "Colliding vowel systems in Andean Spanish." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5, no. 1 (2015): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.5.1.04lip.

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The acquisition of the Spanish 5-vowel system by speakers of the 3-vowel language Quechua (/I/-/a/-/ʊ/) seldom results in accurate approximation to Spanish vowel spaces when learning takes place informally in post-adolescence. The present study offers data from a minimal immersion environment in northern Ecuador. In a context in which few cues point to the existence of mid-high vocalic oppositions in Spanish (e.g. no literacy, no corrective feedback, almost no viable minimal pairs), these speakers reliably distinguish only three Spanish vowels in production. These Quechua-dominant bilinguals h

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Jowitt, David. "In defence of triphthongs." English Today 17, no. 3 (2001): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078401003054.

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The vowel phonemes of English conventionally subdivide into ‘pure’ vowels and diphthongs, and diphthongs are a well recognised component of the system. Triphthongs are a different story. The very word ‘triphthong’ sounds faintly preposterous, as if somebody has dared a coinage with ‘diphthong’ and wants to have some further fun. Without wishing to prejudge the question of the actual existence of triphthongs, I shall use the word to refer to a sequence of three vocalic elements that may be interpreted as a single unit and, as a phoneme, has a contrastive function.

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Genidze, N. K. "Vocalic Ratio as One of the Most Important Criteria of Phonetic Classification of World Languages." Discourse 6, no. 5 (2020): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-5-87-96.

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Introduction. The article analyses the vowel-consonant ratio as one of the most important criteria of phonetic typology in the world languages. Scientific relevance of the research is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of grammar and phonetics in typologically, genetically and historically different languages.Methodology and sources. Certain language is determined by vocalic ratio – a concept introduced to identify the vowels-consonant relation and measured through vk = V/C. Thus, all the languages can be either vocalic (vk > 1.3), consonantal (vk < 0.7) or mix

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Boudelaa, Sami, Friedemann Pulvermüller, Olaf Hauk, Yury Shtyrov, and William Marslen-Wilson. "Arabic Morphology in the Neural Language System." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 5 (2010): 998–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21273.

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There are two views about morphology, the aspect of language concerned with the internal structure of words. One view holds that morphology is a domain of knowledge with a specific type of neurocognitive representation supported by specific brain mechanisms lateralized to left fronto-temporal cortex. The alternate view characterizes morphological effects as being a by-product of the correlation between form and meaning and where no brain area is predicted to subserve morphological processing per se. Here we provided evidence from Arabic that morphemes do have specific memory traces, which diff

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Cheung, Hung-nin Samuel. "Cantonese Made Easy: Sentence-final Particles in Early Cantonese." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 3, no. 2 (2009): 131–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-90000057.

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This paper represents the first attempt of its kind to conduct an historical study of the particle system in Cantonese, a dialect known for its exceptionally rich inventory of sentence final particles. By closely analyzing more than 500 sentences in Cantonese Made Easy (1888) and also its list of more than 70 particles, the paper proposes a phonological scheme with which to account for the versatility and complexity of the particle system in early Cantonese. Specifically, the investigation examines the pitch height and the vocalic nature of the particles and argues that the number of particles

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Kim, Yeon−Jun. "SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USING ACOUSTIC MODELS FOR AUTOMATIC SPEECH RECOGNITION WHICH DISTINGUISH PRE− AND POST−VOCALIC CONSONANTS." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 3 (2012): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4752173.

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Sussman, Harvey M., David Fruchter, Jon Hilbert, and Joseph Sirosh. "Human speech: A tinkerer's delight." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 2 (1998): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98541179.

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The most frequent criticism of the target article is the lack of clear separability of human speech data relative to neuroethological data. A rationalization for this difference was sought in the tinkered nature of such new adaptations as human speech. Basic theoretical premises were defended, and new data were presented to support a claim that speakers maintain a low-noise relationship between F2 transition onset and offset frequencies for stops in pre-vocalic positions through articulatory choices. It remains a viable and testable hypothesis that the phenomenon described by the locus equatio

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Abbasi, Abdul Malik, Habibullah Pathan, and Mansoor Ahmed Channa. "Experimental Phonetics and Phonology in Indo-Aryan & European Languages." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 6, no. 3 (2018): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2018-0023.

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Abstract Phonetics and phonology are very interesting areas of Linguistics, and are interrelated. They are based on the human speech system, speech perception, native speakers’ intuition, and vocalic and consonantal systems of languages spoken in this world. There are more than six thousand languages spoken in the world. Every language has its own phonemic inventory, sound system, and phonological and phonetic rules that differ from other languages; most even have distinct orthographic systems. While languages spoken in developed countries are well-studied, those spoken in underdeveloped count

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Liebhaber, Sam. "Acoustic spectrum analysis of Mahri orature." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 9, no. 1-2 (2017): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-00901012.

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The question of the metrical organization of Arabian vernacular orature has historically been defined by two approaches: one holds that its metrical system is based on patterned beats of stress, while the other proposes regular alternations of long and short vowels. In this article, I describe some preliminary experiments in using a digital method to derive visual spectrograms of the same lines of Mahri poetry performed in two different modes: chanting and recitation. Given the discrepancy in results between the two, my findings suggest that the organizational rhythm of bedouin vernacular poet

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Schröder, Anne, Frederic Zähres, and Alexander Kautzsch. "Ethnic variation in the phonology of Namibian English." English World-Wide 41, no. 2 (2020): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.00046.sch.

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Abstract Studies on the pronunciation of Namibian English (NamE) have shown strong evidence for ethnically conditioned variation within the NamE vowel system. Thus, NamE should not be seen as a monolithic entity but rather as a group of ethnically and/or socially conditioned varieties. In this paper, we undertake a first approach to Baster English, a potential ethnic variety of NamE. The Rehoboth Basters constitute a unique ethnically mixed Afrikaans-speaking group from South Africa, who settled in Namibia in the 19th century and are known for their strong sense of a separate local and ethnic

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Pulleyblank, Douglas. "Underspecification and low vowel harmony in Okpe." Studies in African Linguistics 17, no. 2 (1986): 119–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v17i2.107490.

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This paper examines the effect of [ATR] vowel harmony on low vowels in Okpe, an Edoid language of Nigeria. The relevant facts can be summarized as follows: Low vowel stems condition [-ATR] forms on affixes. Low vowel affixes surface as [+low] in [-ATR] contexts and as [-low] when in [+ATR] contexts. Of particular interest is the additional fact that an underlyingly low vowel surfaces as [-low], [-ATR] in certain [+ATR] environments. To explain these alternations, it will be argued that low vowels are underlyingly unspecified for vocalic features. Redundancy rules, supplied for the most part by

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Veysi, Elkhas, and Farangis Abbaszadeh. "The Templatic Syllable Patterns of Reduplication and Stem-affixing Inflections in the Classical Arabic Based on Prosodic Morphology Theory." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 11 (2016): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0611.18.

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A morpheme, is a set of feature matrices dominated by a single node. Reduplication or gemination is one of the productive morphological processes which have been studied inclusively in different languages and in the frame of different linguistic theories like Generative Grammar, Optimality Theory and Minimalist Program. McCarthy's prosodic theory is justified by an analysis of the formal properties of the system of verbal processes like reduplication are the primary or sole morphological operations. This theory of nonconcatenative morphology recognizing the root as a discontinuous constituent.

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Ney, Luanda Alvariza Gomes, and Ana Ruth Moresco Miranda. "Um estudo sobre o acento gráfico na aquisição da escrita: ortografia e fonologia." Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 72, no. 3 (2019): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2019v72n3p223.

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This paper discusses the criteria used by third and fifth graders who attend a public school, in Pelotas, RS, Brazil, regarding the function of diacritical marks in the writing system. Considering the close relationship between prosodic stress and the rules of use of diacritical marks, the study reported in this paper aimed at investigating children's hypotheses concerningthese orthographic devices. Data were collected by a controlled writing instrument, which was especially designed for this research, and by clinical interviews guided by the Piagetian method (Carraher, 1989). After completing

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Benmamoun, Elabbas, Abdulkafi Albirini, Silvina Montrul, and Eman Saadah. "Arabic plurals and root and pattern morphology in Palestinian and Egyptian heritage speakers." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4, no. 1 (2014): 89–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.4.1.04ben.

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This study investigates heritage speakers’ knowledge of plural formation in their colloquial varieties of Arabic, which use both concatenative and non-concatentative modes of derivation. In the concatenative derivation, a plural suffix attaches to the singular stem (muhandis ‘engineer-sg.’ → muhandis-iin ‘engineer-pl’); in the non-concatenative, the relation between the singular (gamal ‘camel’) and the plural (gimaal ‘camels’) typically involves vocalic and prosodic alternations with the main shared similarity between the two forms being the consonantal root (e.g., g-m-l). In linguistic approa

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Kim, Hwamin, and Jeong-Sik Park. "Automatic Language Identification Using Speech Rhythm Features for Multi-Lingual Speech Recognition." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 2225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072225.

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The conventional speech recognition systems can handle the input speech of a specific single language. To realize multi-lingual speech recognition, a language should be firstly identified from input speech. This study proposes an efficient Language IDentification (LID) approach for the multi-lingual system. The standard LID tasks depend on common acoustic features used in speech recognition. However, the features may convey insufficient language-specific information, as they aim to discriminate the general tendency of phonemic information. This study investigates another type of feature charac

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Faust, Noam. "The apophonic chain and the form of weak and strong verbs in Palestinian Arabic." Linguistic Review 34, no. 1 (2019): 83–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2016-0006.

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AbstractThis paper explores the logic behind the various morpho-phonological subdivisions in the verbal system of Palestinian Arabic. It argues for the importance in the understanding of Palestinian Arabic of the apophonic chain proposed for Classical Arabic in Guerssel and Lowenstamm (1993). In Palestinian, it is first argued, the Measure 1 perfective template includes a hard-wired association of its two vocalic positions; the main differences in vocalization between the Palestinian and Classic varieties follow from this fact. The account is then extended to include three large subclasses of

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Magalhães, Marina Maria Silva. "Harmonia Vocálica como Processo Desencadeador de Mudanças Estruturais na Língua Guajá. (Vocalic Harmony as a Trigger to Structural Changes in Guajá.)." Estudos da Língua(gem) 4, no. 1 (2006): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22481/el.v4i1.1024.

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A língua Guajá é falada por aproximadamente 250 índios que vivem atualmente nas Terras Indígenas Awá, Caru e Alto Turiaçú, situadas no noroeste do estado do Maranhão. Pertence ao subgrupo VIII da família lingüística Tupí-Guaraní, que inclui também o Takunyapé, o Urubu-Ka’apor, o Wayampí, o Wayampipukú, o Emérillon, e o Zo’é (Rodrigues, 1984, 1985 e Cabral, 1996). Neste trabalho, descrevo mudanças estruturais em processo na fala das gerações mais novas, contrastando esses dados com os das gerações mais velhas e ressaltando possíveis conseqüências do processo de harmonia vocálica, produtivo na f

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BOUSSAYER, ABDELAAZIZ. "Gender and Number Marking in Amazigh Language." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 2, no. 1 (2021): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v2i1.100.

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This article studies the derivational system of gender and number in Ait Atta variety of Amazigh language. Thus, the following claims are made: first, gender is overtly marked on feminine nouns by the prefixation of the gender morpheme t-. The paper argues that [t…t] is not a circumfix or a discontinuous morpheme, but it is an asymmetric inflection. In the derivational system of gender, large majority of nouns allow for gender opposition. However, mass nouns allow only for one lexically determined gender and number. Moreover, masculine has no overt realization in Amazigh language. Vocalic init

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POLGÁRDI, KRISZTINA. "Darkening and vocalisation of /l/ in English: an Element Theory account." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 4 (2019): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674319000315.

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The lateral approximant in General British English (GB) is realised as light when occurring in the onset (leaf), and as dark in the rhyme (help, feel, google). Non-prevocalic positions are typical contexts for lenition, analysed in Element Theory as decomposition in weak positions. However, it is unclear how velarisation can be characterised as element loss if light [l] is represented as |A I|, while dark [ɫ] is represented as |A U|. Therefore, I propose that laterals in GB contain both the coronal |I| and the velar |U| element underlyingly (in addition to |A|), but because these cannot combin

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Fridland, Valerie. "The Southern Shift in Memphis, Tennessee." Language Variation and Change 11, no. 3 (1999): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394599113024.

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This article investigates the Southern Vowel Shift—a possibly interrelated series of rotations in vowel space currently affecting the dialects of southern speakers—in terms of examining its classification as a chain-shift process and, more generally, providing a descriptive account of the phonetic character of the changes in each individual vowel class. Based on the work of Labov (1991, 1994) and Feagin (1986), it has been suggested that the Southern Shift involves changes in both the front vowels and the back vowels, with the tense and lax front vowel nuclei essentially switching places and t

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Leo Wetzels, W. "Mid-vowel alternations in the Brazilian Portuguese verb." Phonology 12, no. 2 (1995): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700002505.

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The underlying system of consonants and vowels in Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BP), together with the lexical and word-level phonological rules and the interactions between them, has been studied in great detail (see e.g. Harris 1974; Lopez 1979; Redenbarger 1981; Quicoli 1990). The detailed knowledge we possess in this area of BP phonology makes the language an excellent test case for evaluating theoretical innovations, especially since genuine descriptive and explanatory progress can only be achieved by virtue of improved theoretical models. The discussion in this paper will focus on the

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Zeng, Taiping, Zhiping Zhang, Weiwei Peng, Fei Zhang, Baker Y. Shi, and Fangyi Chen. "Unilateral Laryngeal Pacing System and Its Functional Evaluation." Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8949165.

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Goal. To establish a reliable instrumental system for synchronized reactivation of a unilaterally paralyzed vocal fold and evaluate its functional feasibility.Methods. Unilateral vocal fold paralysis model was induced by destruction of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in anesthetized dogs. With a micro controller-based electronic system, electromyography (EMG) signals from cricothyroid (CT) muscle on the ipsilateral side were recorded and used to trigger pacing of paralyzed vocalis muscles. The dynamic movement of vocal folds was continuously monitored using an endoscope, and the openi

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Higashimoto, Yoshio, and Hideyuki Sawada. "Vocalization Control of a Mechanical Vocal System under Auditory Feedback." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, no. 5 (2002): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0453.

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We are developing a mechanical model of a human vocal system based on mechatronics technology. Although various ways of vocal sound production have been actively studied, mechanical construction is considered to advantageously realize natural vocalization with its fluid dynamics. In voice generation, analysis of the behavior of the vocal cords and the vocal tract are required in a mechanical system. Furthermore, fluid mechanics are less stable, making control more difficult. Several motors are used to manipulate the mechanical vocal system. A neural network works to establish relations between

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Chwesiuk, Urszula. "Insertion of vowels in English syllabic consonantal clusters pronounced by L1 Polish speakers." Open Linguistics 7, no. 1 (2021): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2021-0014.

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Abstract The aim of this study was an attempt to verify whether Polish speakers of English insert a vowel in the word-final clusters containing a consonant and a syllabic /l/ or /n/ due to the L1–L2 transfer. L1 Polish speakers are mostly unaware of the existence of syllabic consonants; hence, they use the Polish phonotactics and articulate a vocalic sound before a final sonorant which is deprived of its syllabicity. This phenomenon was examined among L1 Polish speakers, 1-year students of English studies, and the recording sessions were repeated a year later. Since, over that time, they were

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Bugden, Shawn C., and Roger M. Evans. "Vocal solicitation of heat as an integral component of the developing thermoregulatory system in young domestic chickens." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 12 (1997): 1949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-826.

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Young domestic chickens (Gallus gallus) were able to regulate their body temperature in a laboratory setting, where vocalizations triggered a period of rewarming (35 °C) in an otherwise cold environment. Vocal solicitation of a rewarming period functioned in an analogous manner to the parental brooding response to a vocalizing chick. The number of vocally generated rewarming bouts increased if the cold-challenge temperature was decreased from 20 to 5 °C. The body temperature and ambient temperature maintained during vocal regulation were not significantly affected by the cold-challenge tempera

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Glushchenko, Volodymyr. "PAVLO ZHYTETSKYI AND THE TYPOLOGY OF THE SLAVONIC LANGUAGES." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2021, no. 32 (2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-3.

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P. H. Zhytetskyi’sbook «Очерк звуковой истории малорусского наречия» became a valuable contribution into Ukrainian and Slavonic studies. Zhytetskyi is credited with posing the problem of the relationship between vocalism and consonantism in the history of the Ukrainian language, and thus in the history of the Slavonic languages in general. Zhytetskyi’s thesis about «the poor» vocalism combining with «the rich» consonantism and vice versa in the Slavonic languages and in their history set the grounds of the historical typology of the Slavonic languages (on the phonological level) and proved to

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Stoeger, Angela S., and Anton Baotic. "Operant control and call usage learning in African elephants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1836 (2021): 20200254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0254.

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Elephants exhibit remarkable vocal plasticity, and case studies reveal that individuals of African savannah ( Loxodonta africana ) and Asian ( Elephas maximus ) elephants are capable of vocal production learning. Surprisingly, however, little is known about contextual learning (usage and comprehension learning) in elephant communication. Usage learning can be demonstrated by training animals to vocalize in an arbitrary (cue-triggered) context. Here we show that adult African savannah elephants ( n = 13) can vocalize in response to verbal cues, reliably producing social call types such as the l

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Uguru, Joy Oluchi. "Ika Igbo." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 45, no. 2 (2015): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100315000067.

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Ika is a dialect of the Igbo language spoken in Ika South and Ika North East Local Government Areas of Delta State and the Igbanke area of Edo State in Nigeria. It belongs to the Niger Igbo cluster of dialects (Ikekeonwu 1986) spoken in areas bordering the west of the River Niger; Nwaozuzu (2008) refers to these dialects as West Niger Group of Dialects. A word list of Ika, written by Williamson (1968), was one of the earliest works on Ika and she points out in that work that Ika (and Ukwuani), though regarded as dialects of Igbo, are treated as separate on purely linguistic grounds. Ika phonol

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Gao, Yongwei, Xulong Zhang, and Wei Li. "Vocal Melody Extraction via HRNet-Based Singing Voice Separation and Encoder-Decoder-Based F0 Estimation." Electronics 10, no. 3 (2021): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030298.

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Vocal melody extraction is an important and challenging task in music information retrieval. One main difficulty is that, most of the time, various instruments and singing voices are mixed according to harmonic structure, making it hard to identify the fundamental frequency (F0) of a singing voice. Therefore, reducing the interference of accompaniment is beneficial to pitch estimation of the singing voice. In this paper, we first adopted a high-resolution network (HRNet) to separate vocals from polyphonic music, then designed an encoder-decoder network to estimate the vocal F0 values. Experime

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Malatesta-Magai, Carol, Sharon Leak, Johanna Tesman, Beth Shepard, Clayton Culver, and Beatrice Smaggia. "Proffles of Emotional Development: Individual Differences in Facial and Vocal Expression of Emotion during the Second and Third Years of Life." International Journal of Behavioral Development 17, no. 2 (1994): 239–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700202.

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This study is a third-year (34 months) follow-up investigation of the socioemotional behaviours of preterm and fullterm children previously seen at four points in time during the first two years of life. A total of 42 mother/ child pairs were seen for videotaped mother/child and child/peer play sessions. The tapes were coded on a second-to-second basis using Izard's MAX facial affect coding system and a vocal affect coding system. Data analysis focused on the contribution of the individual difference variables of gender, birth status, attachment classification, and maternal contingency behavio

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Hyppa Martin, Jolene, Joe Reichle, Adele Dimian, and Mo Chen. "Communication Modality Sampling for a Toddler With Angelman Syndrome." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 44, no. 4 (2013): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2013/12-0108).

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Purpose Vocal, gestural, and graphic communication modes were implemented concurrently with a toddler with Angelman syndrome to identify the most efficiently learned communication mode to emphasize in an initial augmentative communication system. Method Symbols representing preferred objects were introduced in vocal, gestural, and graphic communication modes using an alternating treatment single-subject experimental design. Conventionally accepted prompting strategies were used to teach symbols in each communication mode. Because the learner did not vocally imitate, vocal mode intervention foc

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Corballis, Michael C. "How language evolved from manual gestures." Gesture 12, no. 2 (2012): 200–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.12.2.04cor.

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Several lines of evidence suggest that human language originated in manual gestures, not vocal calls. These are the ability of nonhuman primates to use manual action flexibly and intentionally, the nature of the primate mirror system and its homology with the language circuits in the human brain, the relative success in teaching apes to communicate manually rather than vocally, the ready invention of sophisticated signed languages by the deaf, the critical role of pointing in the way young children learn language, and the correlation between handedness and cerebral asymmetry for language. A gr

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Thamrin, Lily. "Phonological Description of Teochew Dialect in Pontianak West Kalimantan." Lingua Cultura 14, no. 2 (2020): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v14i2.6600.

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The research aimed to describe the phonological system of the Pontianak Teochew dialect spoken by the Chinese community in West Kalimantan, including vocals, consonants, and tones, using descriptive method. The phonological escription in question included both phonetic and phonemic descriptions with the subject of language that objectively and accurately describes the current aspects of Teochew’s phonology. The phonetic system of the Pontianak Teochew language would be articulately identified based on the way sounds are formed by human speech tools, namely through consonants, vocals and diphth

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