Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Voies ferrées'
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Mai, Si Hai. "Etude de dégradation des voies ferrées urbaines." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00659068.
Full textRicci, Laurent. "Modélisations discrètes et continues des voies ferrées ballastées." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003422.
Full textBadinier, Thibault. "Modélisations stationnaires des voies ferrées : comportement et dégradation du ballast." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY020.
Full textRecent development in rail transportation has led traffic increasing during last decade, an increase which should continue in next decade due to the future developments of railway transport. Traffic growing induces infrastructure's solicitation increasing. Railways quality is warrant of rail transport performance, but also ensure security of the rolling stock and safety of the infrastructure users. Maintaining quality of the rail network is major priority for railway infrastructure managers. Purpose of rail ballast is to distribute load of the moving trains and to ensure track geometry. Monitoring of ballast degradation is therefore essential to ensure the quality of the infrastructure.The aim of this thesis is to develop a numerical tool to anticipate the degradation and behaviour of a railway infrastructure under traffic. This tool is intended to effectively simulate the behaviour of railway ballast under numerous mobile loads cycles.A first part details the composition of railway infrastructures, specifies roles of the ballast and identifies the main lines of its behaviour.Choice is made to use finite element method to represent the ballast and an elastic-plastic behaviour model. The ballast is then treated as a continuous geomaterial responding to elastic-plastic behaviour. Therefore, in a second part, the basics of elastic-plastic modelling are exposed. Then, several existing behaviours models which present interesting elements are identified and studied.In a third part, a new behaviour model, called "frottant-compactant" is presented. It is composed with a new criterion and an original flow rule. Finally, the model is completed by taking account of materials degradation via internal friction angle decreasing.In a fourth part, the steady-states methods are exposed. These methods are specifically developed for modelling problems including moving loads. Different algorithms are implemented using Matlab coding software and using the finites elements method software COMSOL Multiphysics. Principally, the double time-scale steady-state method, newly developed, allow rapid modelling of numerous loading cycles and representation of material wear effects.In a final part, the two three-dimensional models used are presented. On a few loading cycles, various results are established depending on different behaviour models. On a very large number of load cycles, the results obtained show the evolution of plastic strains in the structure and the degradation of the material
Al, Shaer Ali. "Analyse des déformations permanentes des voies ferrées : approche dynamique." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2005. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001592.
Full textDumery, Natalie. "Essai d'application de la thermographie infrarouge à la détection de défauts dans les remblais ferroviaires." Paris, Ecole des mines, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0012.
Full textBadinier, Thibault. "Modélisations stationnaires des voies ferrées : comportement et dégradation du ballast." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY020/document.
Full textRecent development in rail transportation has led traffic increasing during last decade, an increase which should continue in next decade due to the future developments of railway transport. Traffic growing induces infrastructure's solicitation increasing. Railways quality is warrant of rail transport performance, but also ensure security of the rolling stock and safety of the infrastructure users. Maintaining quality of the rail network is major priority for railway infrastructure managers. Purpose of rail ballast is to distribute load of the moving trains and to ensure track geometry. Monitoring of ballast degradation is therefore essential to ensure the quality of the infrastructure.The aim of this thesis is to develop a numerical tool to anticipate the degradation and behaviour of a railway infrastructure under traffic. This tool is intended to effectively simulate the behaviour of railway ballast under numerous mobile loads cycles.A first part details the composition of railway infrastructures, specifies roles of the ballast and identifies the main lines of its behaviour.Choice is made to use finite element method to represent the ballast and an elastic-plastic behaviour model. The ballast is then treated as a continuous geomaterial responding to elastic-plastic behaviour. Therefore, in a second part, the basics of elastic-plastic modelling are exposed. Then, several existing behaviours models which present interesting elements are identified and studied.In a third part, a new behaviour model, called "frottant-compactant" is presented. It is composed with a new criterion and an original flow rule. Finally, the model is completed by taking account of materials degradation via internal friction angle decreasing.In a fourth part, the steady-states methods are exposed. These methods are specifically developed for modelling problems including moving loads. Different algorithms are implemented using Matlab coding software and using the finites elements method software COMSOL Multiphysics. Principally, the double time-scale steady-state method, newly developed, allow rapid modelling of numerous loading cycles and representation of material wear effects.In a final part, the two three-dimensional models used are presented. On a few loading cycles, various results are established depending on different behaviour models. On a very large number of load cycles, the results obtained show the evolution of plastic strains in the structure and the degradation of the material
Al, shaer Ali. "Analyse des déformations permanentes des voies ferrées ballastées - Approche dynamique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001592.
Full textGuerin, Nathalie. "Approche expérimentale et numérique du comportement du ballast des voies ferrées." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529384.
Full textGuérin, Nathalie. "Approche expérimentale et numérique du comportement du ballast des voies ferrées." Marne-la-Vallée, ENPC, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENPC9631.
Full textDespite the major importance of ballast for the quality of the railway track, the ballast behaviour is still not completely understood. The purpose of this report is to describe the identification process of a settlement law of ballast and of a degradation model of the ballasted track. This report proposes a test at reduced scale (1/3), which is used to establish a settlement law of ballast in the vertical plane. To this end, similitude laws have been defined in order to describe the relation between the sizes of the real-size model and the ones characterising the reduced model. These laws are based on the material conservation - ballast - and the stress fields conservation within the specimen. The ballast specimen is submitted to a vertical loading that simulates the kind of loading applied when a TGV bogie runs on a regular track. Results of this test are used to design the settlement law of ballast that links settlement with the elastic deflection of the ballast/ground couple. Parameters that are involved in the loading, such as the quality of the ground under the ballast and the thickness of the ballast layer, are also studied. In order to complement experimental results, a numerical simulation has then been carried out. As opposed to the experiment, which is limited to a sleeper, the numerical simulation is applied to a larger portion of track. The objective is to study the evolution of track defects versus traffic. These defects may be either geometrical (due to levelling irregularities during the track set up) or linked to stiffness variations of both the ballast and the ground. Thus, a model of a running vehicle has been developed in order to calculate dynamic stresses applied on rail. These stresses are then introduced in a quasi-static model of the track which takes into account results of the ballast behaviour obtained with the experiment. Calculations of the evolution of track profiles show clearly that stiffness defects of ballast and ground cause more damage for the track than geometrical defects. This report ends with a micro-mechanical analysis of ballast. For this purpose, the ballast is considered as an assembling of rigid, discreet and tridimensional bodies. This last study shows the possibility of modelling, in a discreet way, the unilateral behaviour of ballast. The numerical model brings out results that are really close to the ones obtained through experiment
Hecker, Anne. "Quelles réaffectations pour les voies ferrées désafectées? : le cas de la Lorraine." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040100.
Full textIn France, and therefore in Lorraine, the railways network has been contracted during the twentieth century : more than 1200 km open to travellers traffic has disappeared in this only area. Today, the value of those abandoned corridors, frequently damaged through lack of care, is a debatable point for professional of local and regional planning. This point presents a growing keenness and urgency aspect. Are still they as a whole a patrimony ? On the other hand, can we recognize each railway as a capital ? And which part could they play in today’s society ? Several transformations can be observed, and particularly the full of promise “green ways” : those trails, established on various paths, are used for transport and spare times of no-motorized persons. Thanks to their specific qualities, abandoned railroads seem to fit this kind of transformation, which are yet often realized on other paths (towpath, forest road …). Nevertheless, the evolution of each railroad, its geographical, historic or economic environment, just as circumstances of its construction and abandonment are responsible of inequalities between those corridors looking for a conversion. Only detailed studies of Lorraine’s abandoned railways can help concerned professionals to test their patrimonial values and their abilities to be transformed, especially into green ways
Rhayma, Noureddine. "Contribution à l'évolution des méthodologies de caractérisation et d'amélioration des voies ferrées." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22046.
Full textRhayma, Noureddine. "Contribution à l'évolution des méthodologies de caractérisation et d'amélioration des voies ferrées." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719102.
Full textKarraz, Khaldoun. "Comportement cyclique à long terme d'un matériau granulaire : modèle pour application aux infrastructures ferroviaires." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0265.
Full textThe use of high-speed trains makes it crucial to understand and predict the long term dynamic behavior of railway tracks. In particular, the settlement of infrastructures incurs track maintenance costs. This settlement of infrastructure is besides closely linked to the physical properties of the material, when stressed by a cyclic loading. The thesis describes the experimental results obtained on a so called « micro-ballast » material whose grain properties are similar to those of a ballast used for train tracks, but having reduced grain size (d/D=6/24) . Experiments are performed by using triaxial testing on tow diameters (300 mm and 100 mm). 1. Tests under monotone compression: failure tests provided evidence for a curvature of the failure envelop and a significant scale effect between both sample sizes. 2. Tests under cyclic loading: The experimental plane took into account the influence of the application frequency used for the cyclic loading, the confining pressure, the applied charge and the number of cycles. An interpretation of the results in the context of constitutive equations which can be used for the simulation of a high number of cycles is presented
Bodin, Valérie. "Comportement du ballast des voies ferrées soumises à un chargement vertical et latéral." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENPC0111.
Full textAllouette, Patrick. "Mexique : le chemin de fer Chihuahua-Pacifique : voie de communication, histoire et société (de 1849 à nos jours)." Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0360.
Full textHosseingholian, Moshen. "Contribution à l'étude d'une méthode d'auscultation dynamique de la structure des voies ferrées classiques." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2008.
Full textThis thesis describes a feasibility study of continuous dynamic track stiffness measurements and its use in monitoring of track substructure. To improve the efficiency of the maintenance and in particular the reliability of the railway track, an automated technique of stiffness measurement is studied by examination a dynamic method using a hydrodynamic jack of loading and a “Portancemètre”. Using this method, one identifies the sections of the track requiring an important repair in order to optimize maintenance, and to prevent the loss of its performance. This technique consists of a continuous measurement of the stiffness of the railway track under definite axle loads using the vibrating wheel on the rail. The stiffness is defined as the ratio of the applied force and the resulted deflexion. It represents a parameter which corresponds to the track performance if one regards the rail as a continuous beam on an elastic foundation. Track stiffness is an important interaction parameter in the wheel-rail contact and its variation as well as extreme values will characterize the degradation of the track. The various analyses and the obtained results of measurement made it possible to determine the operation values of force and frequency for the exciting of the railway track structure. They result preferentially in the determination of the points of operations of a dynamic applied force on the rail of 50kN and of a exciting frequency in the range of 5 to 15Hz. The continuation of this feasibility study proceeds within the framework of the European project “Innotrack” with the development of the method
Mroué, Ali. "Etude et évaluation d'un système multi-radars monostatiques ultra large bande : application à la détection et à l'identification de chutes sur les voies ferroviaires." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f81c9e2d-8748-4721-9c7c-12dcf60ce0fc.
Full textThis thesis presents the development of an Ultra Wide Band monostatic multi-radar sys- tem developed along a single axis. This system aims to detect and identify targets along its axis. The considered field of application is to detect and identify fall on track objects in order to enhance guided transport passenger safety. The main objective of this work is to study the different radiofrequency and signal processing subsets in order to validate the feasibility of the whole system. Simulation and expe- rimentations are performed. A slotted waveguide operated in its fundamental mode is used. Slots close to resonance are periodically perforated and constitute the monostatic radars. An optimal bandwidth and constant radiation coverage along the railway is then optimized. The singularity expansion method (SEM) is used and the characterization of objects fallen onto the track is performed. Complex natural resonances are computed and measured and then saved into a library for further use in a specific discrimination process. Using both numerical simulations and experimental results, the discrimination process shows that the human body is well discriminated as well as other typical objects (suitcases. . . ). In conclusion, this work has led to significant advances in object detection and identification in the railway field, and could have some fallout in other fields such as detection of liquids in the passenger luggage in the airport or detection and identification of intrusions in complex environments
Kheirbek, Saoud Siba. "Comportement mécanique de la couche de fondation d'une voie ferrée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ECAP0358.
Full textBalghiti, Youssaf. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement radioélectrique du système de signalisation Eurobalise en environnment ferroviaire." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0020.
Full textThe Eurobalise sub-system allows the communication between the ground and the train. A railway beacon permits to transfer the information concerning a block. It is fixed on the track and completely autonomous. The Eurobalise antenna is placed under the train. We are describing the ERTMS signalling system in the railway environment and more precisely the Eurobalises sub-system. This transmission in its installing environment is also studied. On the one hand, we are trying to estimated the immunity of the beacon/antenna unit for different distances between the antenna and the beacon. On the other hand, a methodology is proposed in order to evaluate the antenna immunity. The objective is to study the antenna behaviour without the presence of the beacon. Specific test protocols are developed. Moreover, a methodology is proposed to study the beacon’s behaviour. Finally, the electromagnetic behaviour of the radiating element present in the beacon is characterized experimentally and then by simulation. Then, the impact of the installation’s environment and the influence of wayside debris are studied
Picoux, Benoit. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de la propagation dans le sol des vibrations émises par un trafic ferroviaire." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2071.
Full textYang, Geon-Seok. "Les enjeux de la construction des voies ferrées rapides : de l'expérience française et européenne, au développement du KTX coréen." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070022.
Full textOur study analyzes the influence of the construction of the High Speed Railways on the strategic direction of the plans and policies of town and country planning in France, in Europe, and in South Korea. There are many economic urban areas which are modified by their position in the territorial hierarchy according to the condition of their connection with the High Speed Railway network. First of all, concentration is the most important effect produced by the construction of these networks (TGV, KTX). Second, it is shown how the development of a network System concentrated in the areas of Paris and Seoul had the effect of an intensifying factor regarding accessibilities to the metropolitan zones. This System has nevertheless created the risk of an increasing territorial imbalance, in France as well as in South Korea. Third, the zones of economic activity located around the new high speed railway stations appear to have contributed to the passage from a mono-polarized organization to a multi-polarized one. Lastly, the integration of the high speed railway System increased the concentration of the economic activity in European metropolitan zones, each one of these zones trying to develop a more competitive space for ascending in the global urban hierarchical System. In conclusion, in spite of the great differences in the national contexts, an important rate of correspondences between the studied cases could be noted regarding strategic concepts and arguments
Saulot, Aurélien. "Analyse tribologique du contact roue-rail : modélisation et expérimentations : cas de l'usure ondulatoire." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0115/these.pdf.
Full textCalon, Nicolas. "Rôle de la couche intermédiaire dans le potentiel de la voie ferrée." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1097/document.
Full textThe aim of this PhD thesis is to show the influence of the interlayer in the behaviour of the rail track. By analogy, the interlayer can be comparable with the sub-ballast layer on the high speed lines. It is present on the conventional lines built since the beginning of the French railway network in the middle of the 19th century. This layer is located under the ballast and contributes to the stability of the rail track. It was formed over time by the interpenetration between the ballast and the ground support. Its density was obtained by the passage of trains for almost 150 years. This work is based on three PhD theses carried out over the past decade. The research conducted by Trinh (2011), Duong (2013) and Lamas-Lopez (2016) has allowed a better understanding of the behaviour of this layer by respectively studying the hydraulic behaviour of a good layer; the creation mechanism of and degradation of the interlayer; and finally its dynamic behaviour. On the basis of this work and on approaches of sizing structures developed in roads, and on the data of maintenance of railways of UIC 3 and 4, we can develop a new approach to sizing by taking into account the role of the interlayer in the performance of the rail track. A method of analysis of the behaviour of the rail track has been developed to prescribe “good job” (track renewal, lifting, drainage…) in order to achieve the performance objectives
Zhuravlev, Roman. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique de voies ferrées, composants à caractère dissipatif non-linéaire : semelle sous rail et sous-couche de grave bitumineuse." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0039/document.
Full textRepetitive dynamic loads caused by passing trains can damage a railway track, especially at high speeds. The complex multilayer structure of the modern track consists of: stainless steel rails, elastomeric rail pads, concrete sleepers, track ballast and sub-ballast layers. Investigation of the mechanical behaviour of the railway track structure (as the whole and by parts) can have a great importance for the improvement of safety and efficiency of railway transportation.In the present study rail pad and bituminous mixture (BM) sub-ballast layers of a standard ballasted railway track were considered for investigation. These parts of the track were chosen for their similarities in the mechanical behaviour (nonlinearity and energy dissipation) and function (reduction of the dynamic part of load, an influence on the load distribution).The first chapter reviews the main aspects of the mechanical behaviour of elastomeric materials and covers the common theoretical approaches, appropriate for the modelling of this behaviour. The Convolution Integral approach (CI-model) was chosen to represent the mechanical behaviour of a rail pad material as a natural extension of theory of linear viscoelasticity, based on extension of the well-established Boltzmann Superposition Principle.The second chapter is devoted to study of elastomeric material of a rail pad and to numerical modelling of a whole elastomeric rail pad structure subjected to common track loads. Special attention was given to possibility of the model to describe the nonlinearity of the mechanical behaviour and capability of energy dissipation.Sufficient conformity between experimental and numerical results was established on loading part of a Force vs Displacement curve (an error of 1 % was obtained for the stiffness value) for the quasi-static loading, while prediction of the residual compression displacement remains poor, especially in the first loading cycle (2.2% of the macroscopic strain against 0.4% in experiment). The observed discrepancy led to poor prediction of the dissipated energy (an error of 37.5 % was found). Comparison between results of the numerical simulation and in situ experimental measurements has shown that the FE model is capable to describe dynamic behaviour of a rail pad structure to within the error of prediction of the residual compression displacement.Possible ways to simplify the numerical model, discussed in the second chapter, generally lead to high overestimation (2D plain strain and 3D grooveless models) or underestimation (2D plain stress model) of the rail pad mechanical behaviour.The third chapter of the thesis is connected to the study of a BM material, used on a railway track as a sub-ballast layer. Influence of size and volume fraction of monodisperse spherical inclusions, randomly packed into a cubic matrix, on the mechanical behaviour of obtained composite structure were investigated using “Virtual Material” approach. This approach allows numerical study of a theoretical case without losing connection with a real experiment (by means of direct geometrical correspondence). Parameters of 7 specimens were chosen in accordance with Doehlert experimental design.Analysis of “response surfaces” has shown that both F_max and E_% have a strong dependence on the value of V_fr and almost no dependence on the value of D.Stress/strain concentrations were analyzed using FE method on example of V0225-D08 specimen. This allows to find and to visualize load-bearing chains going through the matrix. Von Mises stress in load-bearing chains is almost 8 times higher than the average in the matrix.More complex models (real and numerical) in terms of problem discretization (more than one inclusions’ fraction, different inclusions’ shapes, etc.) can be developed and studied in the similar way. Moreover, the recent progress in additive manufacturing technologies shows potential to create complex heterogeneous specimens with an increased precision
Khairallah, Diana. "Analyse et modélisation du comportement mécanique de structures de voies ferrées avec sous-couche bitumineuse : Instrumentation de la ligne à grande vitesse Bretagne – Pays de la Loire." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0026/document.
Full textTo improve railways durability, it has been introduced on the HSL BPL (Bretagne-Pays de Loire), a bituminous layer under ballast, intended among other things to reduce the amplitude of the accelerations produced by highspeed trains circulations, which is a major cause of ballast settlement. In order to study the dynamic responses of the different structures, three sections with bituminous underlayment, and a section with a granular sub-layer of BPL track were instrumented. Measurements are monitored remotely. The objective of this thesis is to analyze and model the response of the instrumented sections, and to compare their behavior during the speed up phase and during the commercial service phase. The results indicated good behavior of bituminous sections. The comparison of the accelerations obtained on different sections confirmed the positive effect of the asphalt concrete layer on the stability of the track. Based on the speed up phase measurements, modeling the mechanical response of the various HSL sections using ViscoRail has confirmed the software’s reliability to reproduce the mechanical behavior of railway structures. Temperature measurements, water content and vertical settlements have also confirmed the good seasonal behavior of bituminous structures. Finally, an extension of ViscoRail is put in place, to compare the influence of different types of rail pads, linear and nonlinear, on the response of the track
Lopez, polanco Octavio. "Comportement d’un enrobé bitumineux sollicité par des rails posés sur des appuis continus." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0023.
Full textIn 2015, SNCF Réseau launched a project named REVES (Réduction de l’Epaisseur des Voies en Exploitation Souterraine). The aim of this project is to develop technical solutions to increase the available space in tunnels. The idea is to build tracks with neither ballast nor sleepers, with the rails being continuously supported by an asphalt concrete layer. The main degradation modes for asphalt concretes are fatigue cracking, which appears due to repeated quick loads, and the accumulation of irreversible deformations, due mainly to heavy static loads. This PhD thesis’ aim is to study the creep behaviour of asphalt concretes under static loads. A viscoplastic constitutive model was developed to simulate the creep behaviour of asphalt concretes. A manual identification method for the model parameters was determined. A series of triaxial creep tests was performed on the asphalt concrete used in project REVES. Model parameters for that material were identified. The constitutive model was implemented into Cast3m, a FEM software. The creep behaviour of a railway structure such as those developed within the project was numerically simulated. Simulations show that the asphalt concrete is stable over time. The irreversible displacements are small enough as to be acceptable for SNCF standards. The use of asphalt concretes as a structure material within railways seems a viable option
Renard, Cyril. "Modélisation de l'interaction dynamique transitoire pont-train à grande vitesse avec prise en compte de la voie ferrée." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1255.
Full textShang, Hui. "Maintenance modelling, simulation and performance assessment for railway asset management." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0022/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis research work is to propose maintenance models for railways infrastructures that can help to make better maintenance decisions in the more constrained environment that the railway industry has to face, e.g. increased traffic loads, faster deterioration, longer maintenance planning procedures, shorter maintenance times. The proposed maintenance models are built using Coloured Petri nets; they are animated through Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the performance of the considered maintenance policies in terms of cost and availability. The maintenance models are developed both at the component and network levels, and several different maintenance problems are considered. At the rail component level, maintenance policies with different level of monitoring information (level of gradual deterioration vs binary working state) are compared to show the benefits of gathering monitoring information on the deterioration level. The effect of preventive maintenance delays is also investigated for both condition-based inspection policies and periodic inspection policies on a gradually deteriorating component. At the line level, a maintenance policy based on a two-level inspection procedure is first investigated. Then, considering the case when the deterioration process depends on the operation modes (normal vs limited speed), a maintenance optimization problem is solved to determine an optimal tuning of the repair delay and speed restriction
Arlaud, Elodie. "Modèles dynamiques réduits de milieux périodiques par morceaux : application aux voies ferroviaires." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0047/document.
Full textRailway tracks have evolved over years based on empirical results and their dynamic behavior still can be difficult to assess or to quantify. A numerical model can thus provide assistance in track design by assessing the mechanical performance of new structures, or allowing the diagnostic of existing track parts, as a complement to relevant in-situ measurements.The numerical model developed in this work combines a reduction strategy with numerical techniques used to solve the propagation equations in waveguides in the frequency / wave number domains. The peculiarity of the exposed methodology is the introduction of a model based on a periodic sub structuring of the track, keeping only a few wavelengths carefully chosen to solve dispersion equations. Based on this model reduction technique and its extension to time domain models with moving contact, the computational time and storage capacity required are greatly reduced. Thus, this model is efficient and useful for engineering purposes in railway tracks studies.Numerical validation of the reduction is carried out by building a complete reference model in the frequency domain. In parallel, measurement campaigns (receptance measurement and sleeper acceleration under passing trains) were performed on a transition zone between ballasted and slab tracks on a High Speed Line. These tests are compared to simulation results in both time and frequency domains on different areas of the transition. After successful validation, the model is used to improve understanding of the role of the substructure on the dynamic behavior.The final major development of this work is the introduction of a strategy to extend the reduction to piecewise periodic structures and the development of post-processing tools to highlight the dynamic effects generated by the transition zone
Kim, Seong-Hyun. "La diplomatie économique autour du contrat du TGV Coréen : une sociologie de grand contrat international." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHESA136.
Full textSince 1980s, capitalism is marked by the expansion of liberalism. At the same time, the competitions between the States and the multinationals produce new protectionism in certain industrial sectors. The aim of this thesis is to analyze this contradictory character by studying the interaction around the construction of the high-speed rail in France and South Korea and around the contract of Korean high-speed train. In the national field, the railway sector constituted a monopolistic market. But the liberal reforms of this public sector produce disengagement of the State and the operators of railways who were under the supervision of the public authority must seek a new strategy for their management. By the analysis of the decision-making processes for the high-speed rail, we will show the national interaction in the railway sector. The international market of the high-speed train is oligopolistic. It is dominated by a small number of the multinational corporations armed with the great financial and technological capacities. By analyzing the games around Korean high-speed train contract, we try to show the alliances and the competitions between the various public and private actors in an international field and the new international trade standard
Harzallah, Ridha. "Étude du comportement mécanique et tribologique des aciers austénitiques au manganèse : application aux cœurs de voies ferroviaires." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00539563.
Full textHoang, Tien. "Comportement mécanique et dégradation d’une voie ferrée en tunnel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1104.
Full textRailways have been evolving since the onset of the first rail rolled iron (1789). Wooden sleepers now give way to concrete sleepers while in some countries and commonly in tunnels ballast is replaced by continuous concrete slabs. This type of track, however, requires the integration of rail supports systems to ensure passenger comfort. The "low vibration track" (LVT) system developed by the company Sonneville is such a system. It contains a concrete block based on a micro-cellular pad all integrated in a rubber boot embedded in the slab of unreinforced concrete. This system today covers more than 1100km of railway track around the world, including the Channel tunnel.This work takes place within the framework of joint research between Ecole des Ponts ParisTech and the Eurotunnel group, that investigates the railway dynamic behavior and the support system degradation in the Channel tunnel.The first part of this work presents existing models for ballasted tracks and proposes extended models for non-ballasted tracks. Using a periodic condition of the railway track in steady state it can be shown that the distribution of loads on the support systems is governed by a characteristic relation that does not depend on the support behavior. This result allows us to offer an equivalent system represented by a preloaded spring. This analytical model is then used to calculate the dynamic response of the track by combining with support behavior (linear or nonlinear). This model has been validated by comparison with measurement data in the Channel tunnel. Lastly, a model is presented for a track whose supports have different properties. This model allows rapid calculation of track leveling due to support damage and has been integrated into the new software "EuroAnalyse".The second part of this work deals with the degradation of the LVT concrete block. Firstly, the research focuses on the damage mechanism by calculating the block stress with the help of the finite element method. The result shows that the concrete experiences tension stresses which can lead to damage by fatigue loads. Secondly, a method of identification is developed to monitor the concrete blocks in a tunnel. We show that the eigen frequencies of the block depend on its damage level and this is demonstrated by data and simulations. The method of measuring the eigen frequencies based on modal analysis has been integrated into the software "EuroDetection" which will be part of the track monitoring system for Eurotunnel
Chartrain, Pierre-Emile. "Lecture acoustique de la voie ferrée." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4748/document.
Full textThe rolling noise is the main source of noise in the railway transport sector at conventional speed. It is produced by the vibration and the acoustic radiation of the vehicle and the railway track, caused by the movement of at the wheel and the rail. These movements are imposed by microscopic irregularities on the rolling surface called roughness.The 2002/49/EC European directive imposes to build noise maps of transport infrastructure. The noise propagating in the environment can be assessed from models whose input parameters are particularly the dynamic behavior of railway tracks and the roughness of rails. These data are generally measured thanks to static systems, which narrow down to the analysis of railway tracks to a few meters.The aim of this Phd is to propose and validate a measurement methodology for the acoustic characterization of tracks for the whole railway network. It is an on-board measurement system named LECAV for "LECture Acoustique de la Voie" in French ("Acoustic reading of railway track") that uses the noise radiated from the wheel and the rail. The respective frequencies ranges of noise emission allow solving the invers problem separately for the wheel and for the rail, and this with the acoustic impedance
Perrin, Guillaume. "Random fields and associated statistical inverse problems for uncertainty quantification : application to railway track geometries for high-speed trains dynamical responses and risk assessment." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01001045.
Full textBen, Salem Abdeljabbar. "Modèles Probabilistes de Séquences Temporelles et Fusion de Décisions. Application à la Classification de Défauts de Rails et à leur Maintenance." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10008/document.
Full textCompared to the various activities of “Keeping the Operational Conditions” of an industrial system, these PhD, initiated in the framework of a partnership between the INRETS and CRAN, is focusing on the maintenance process with an application context dedicated to the maintenance of the railway. Railway firms, with the priority of improving the safety and welfare of passengers, are seeking to adjust their maintenance policy which is nowadays primarily corrective or executed at a predetermined time interval, to a more conditional or predictive planning with a minimum of costs. In this new context, rails maintenance should no longer be limited to the vision of the isolated component (portion of rail), but to the study of the whole system failure (N-components system). Therefore, maintenance decisions are no longer isolated from their context and exist on a continuum Surveillance - Diagnostic - Decision making. In response to these industrial needs and its scientific issues, our contribution focuses first on an original approach of diagnosis (hybrid approach), which is based on a fusion of two different information sources: Local Approach (sensor eddy currents) and Global Approach. RBD have been used to develop probabilistic models to for the classification of singular points of the track. The fusion between these models and the local approach was produced by naive Bayes fusion method. The result of this fusion constitutes the input of decision making process, for which we have proposed, secondly, a generic methodology for optimizing conditional based maintenance of N-components systems. Our approach is based on a combination of dynamic Bayesian networks and MDP (Markov Decision Processes) to be able to model N-components systems in a factored way. This new proposal was illustrated by a first instance academic to highlight its feasibility then it has been applied in the framework of the optimization of maintenance of the surface defects rail
Mezeh, Reda. "Advanced numerical modeling of vibrations induced by railway traffic." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10064/document.
Full textThe high speed lines are considered as an important source of environmental disturbance that are less and less tolerated by inhabitants. In order to understand the dynamics of these systems, it is important to develop numerical models to simulate the vibration problems vehicle/track and understand the interactions of the track and vehicle components. A new approach based on periodic configuration update “PCU method” is firstly proposed for the assessment of the dynamic response of continuously supported infinite beams under high speed moving loads. The PCU method is used to assess the dynamic response of a simplified track/ground system in which the rail foundation is replaced by a continuous viscoelastic layer. On the other hand, a 3D numerical modeling that considers the complex mutual dynamic coupling between the track components and the subgrade layer is developed. An adaptive meshing scheme is applied to simulate the moving loads effect; it is represented by the creation of load-attached moving nodes on the rail-beam. This modeling is successfully applied in the sub-Rayleigh and super-Rayleigh velocity range. In the last part, the 3D numerical modeling is used to calibrate the dynamic impedances of the simplified beam model proposed in the first chapter. An iterative curve fitting procedure is carried out using the genetic algorithm. Constitutive laws that govern the dynamic behavior of the discrete elements are proposed at different load frequency and velocity range
Garnier, Pierre. "Influence de l'anisotropie d'une tourbe sur la capacité portante d'un remblai ferroviaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24831/24831.pdf.
Full textDebiolles, Alexandra. "Diagnostic de systèmes complexes à base de modèle interne, reconnaissance des formes et fusion d’informations : Application au diagnostic des Circuits de Voie ferroviaires." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1672.
Full textThis works presents different diagnosis methods that aim at detecting and estimating defects appearing on a system made up of several spatially related subsystems. The application deals with the diagnosis of track circuits. A first approach based on an internal model is layed out; it allows to detect and assess the graveness of ail the system defects, by optimizing a local physical model of the system. But this method is dependant from the good estimation of several parameters of the model. The second method that is set out is an external approach based on classical pattern recognition. A classifier is associated to each subsystem. Their outputs are combined within the framework of belief functions in order to manage possible conflicts among the classifiers. This method is very efficient, but it can only detect one defect without assessing its graveness. Finally a last approach is presented, that combines the two previous ones in order to both detect several defects, and assess them
Cherfi, Zohra Leila. "Diagnostic de systèmes complexes en contextes non supervisé et partiellement supervisé : application au circuit de voie ferroviaire." Phd thesis, UNIVERSITE DE TECHNOLOGIE DE COMPIEGNE, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01006538.
Full textPanunzio, Alfonso. "Influence des irrégularités de la voie sur la fatigue du rail." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC016/document.
Full textThe dynamical response of a train rolling on a real track depends on several parameters. Most of them cannot be accurately identified and have to be considered as uncertain. The aim of this thesis is the construction of a probabilistic model of the rail fatigue life considering the track geometry and the rail wear as random fields modelled with the Karhunen-Loève expansion. This latter requires the modal decomposition of the covariance operator. This step can be very expensive if the domain if much larger than the correlation length. To deal with this issue, an adaptation of the KLE, consisting in splitting the domain in sub-domains where this modal decomposition and the sample generation can be comfortably computed, is proposed. A correlation between the KLE coefficients of each sub-domain is imposed to ensure the desired correlation structure. The multivariate distributions of the random projection coefficients are characterized using a Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE) calibrated on measurements data of the track irregularities. The curve radius, the rail age and the train operational velocity introduce nonstationary effects that have to be taken into account to model the track. A validation of the random models is therefore performed using a set of measurements of the wheel-rail contact forces.A global sensitivity analysis is performed on some dynamical quantities of interest in order to quantify the impact of the random fields on the vehicle dynamics and the rail fatigue initiation. Since this step is computationally expensive, a PCE-based meta-modelling technique is employed to estimate the fatigue index
Gras, Thibaut. "Couplage de méthodes d'éléments finis standards (FEM) et ondulatoires (WFEM) pour le calcul de la réponse vibratoire d'une voie ferrée." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2372/document.
Full textRailway noise is a critical issue concerning environmental noise. At the wheel/rail contact point, both the wheel and the track are dynamically excited and vibrate together to emit the well known rolling noise. The point receptance of the rail and the track decay rates are important quantities to accurately predict wheel-rail noise emission. However, the infinite dimension of the track leads to cumbersome numerical finite-element (FE) models and not adapted to assist the research of innovative solutions. The goals of this thesis are to build an efficient numerical model for calculating the vibration from an infinite railway track, but also to include a central non-periodic part with the aim of testing anti-vibration solutions. The vibration propagation along the track is expressed as a sum of different waves using the WFEM (Wave Finite Element Method). The displacements of a 0.6 m unit cell lead to the computation of the whole track. To reduce the dynamic condensation of this cell, a bi-periodic method is proposed in this thesis. The FEM - WFEM coupling is proposed to easily include elastic supports inside the unit cell. Results show a good correlation between test and calculation. Finally, the model proposed in this thesis was used to test the efficiency of an innovative anti-vibration solution developed within the CERVIFER project. It is a dual mode device which makes the supports softer around the wheel to protect the infrastructure, and stiffer away from the wheel to increase the track decay rates. The numerical results revealed to be really promising, and they will permit to pursue the development of this anti-vibration solution
Pecile, Bérénice. "Modèle dynamique d'interaction véhicule-voie ferroviaire en présence de défauts géométriques sur les surfaces en contact." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017VALE0004/document.
Full textThe appearance of dynamic phenomena during the running of train on track leads to issues such as noise and vibration pollution, which can be further amplified by the presence of defects on the treads. In order to analyze them, it is necessary to predict with reliability the dynamic behavior of the vehicle-track interaction components, in particular the contact forces produced by non perfect treads.The aim of this PhD thesis is to provide a semi-analytical vehicle-track interaction model able to take into account multiple defects on the surfaces in contact. In order to conduct simulations in the time-domain and ensure applicability in the sizing phase, a special attention is given on the compromise between the accuracy of the results and the simulation times.The proposed model is therefore composed of half a bogie running on a ballasted track. This latter is modeled by a pinned-pinned beam with periodic supports located at the sleepers while the vertical behavior of the bogie is given by masses, springs and dampers. These two models are coupled in contact by a discretized Distributed Point Reacting Spring (DPRS) procedure.A validation of the model, based on previous work, is firstly proposed for perfect treads. Then, multiple combinations of defects, either localised as wheelflat or spread as corrugation, are introduced in the simulation. The spatial variability, specific to shelling, is modeled by random fields
Belbachir, Walid. "L'établissement des chemins de fer dans les Balkans à l'époque ottomane : structuration de l'espace et organisation des échanges (1856-1913)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0449.
Full textReaching the East : this is undoubtedly one of the obsessions of the West. Maybe Alexander the Great's conquests contributed to forge this quasi-mystical aim. Wherever it comes from, the XIXth century is the one of its rationalization. Inventions such as steam locomotive and steamship allow to begin a global networking process. On five continents, villages, cities and ports, are progressively interconnected, generating a globalization of human and trade flows. This movement is orchestrated by the major European powers, whose expansion is based on the conquest of new markets and on the importation of natural resources required for their development. London and Mumbay play at that time a pivotal role, allowing to reroute flows in circulation at the inter-continental scale. Between these two major cities, Suez is an unavoidable crossing point between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. During the second half of the XIXth century, the Balkan space is progressively integrated to this world-system. In that region, the introduction of railway induces a radical restructuring of power relations, whether political, economical or military. For this reason, the establishment of railways in the Balkans results from an interlacing of influencing strategies, articulated at various scales. This thesis sets out to highlight them
LABBEZ, FLORENCE. "Les evacuations sanitaires par voie ferree : historique, actualites et perspectives." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3004.
Full textVarlet, Jean. "Géographie des relations ferroviaires en France." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF20009.
Full textStating that the railway connections in france are in many places of mediocre or bad quality and that those who use the railway system have only rarely drawn the interest of geographers, the author consacrates his work to the study of what rail transportation has to offer and the accessibility of the places where it exists. A tool is created to evaluate the spatial functioning in occurence with the network of passenger service in the french railway system. Used as a method of treating the data (14. 000 data gathered), the graphs (matricial and cartographic) show its strength and effectiveness in geographical research. The association of eleven criteria relative to the commodities of rail transportation (established from the official indicators of the sncf (national society of french railroads) allows to distinguish light degrees concerning the quality of relations. The notion of space in railway connections is thus defined. By using the mean of analyses and successive syntheses, a geography of railway connections in france is elaborated. A model of the organization of space in the french railway system is constructed. The analysis of interregional communications both centrifugal and centripetal put in evidence the different degrees of connection of various places, the degree of quality of the axes and railway crossroads functioning in three levels (proximity interregional, transnational). Among the accounted factors, fedicient railway connections appear to be fundamental. The apparition of the tgv (high-speed train) (in the south-east, atlantic coast, and across europe) and its effects on the structuration of space are treased. These elements constitute the basis of an interregional schema of railway transportation, the main features of which are sketched out in view of improving the functioning of the railway network
Afriad, Mustapha. "Développement de modèles d’essieu ferroviaire en interaction dynamique avec la voie." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2453.
Full textMultibody models for the study of the vehicle-track interaction used by railway companies consider mainly rigid components. These models are characterized by small number of degrees of freedom allowing real time calculations in low frequency ranges, but these models do not properly estimate real interaction forces because of the strong hypothesis of the components rigidity. These models need to be improved by taking into account the components flexibilities by coupling finite elements analysis with multibody dynamics simulations. The main objective of this study is to develop the multibody models of a railway vehicle and track with flexible wheelsets and flexible rails in order to improve the prediction of vehicle-track interaction forces. Finite element models of wheelset and track are developed and reduced using model reduction methods to reduce their number of degrees of freedom before their integration in the multibody models. Different configurations of vehicle and track models with flexible wheelsets and flexible rails are considered to evaluate the effect of components flexibilities on the contact forces. The first models are made of flexible wheelsets rolling on a perfect track with rigid rails in alignment and curve without irregularities. Then, these models are improved by integration of flexible rails and excitations involved by the rail and the wheel irregularities (rail corrugation, wheel flat and rail joint)
Hoang, Thi Minh Phuong Thi minh Phuong. "Optimisation des temps de calculs dans le domaine de la simulation par éléments discrets pour des applications ferroviaires." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20212/document.
Full textThe track deterioration rate is strongly influenced by the ballast behaviour under commercial traffic. In order to restore the initial track geometry, different maintenance processes are performed, like tamping, dynamic stabilisation. A better understanding of the ballast behaviour under these operations on a portion of railway track is a key to optimize the process, to limit degradationand to propose some concept for a better homogeneous compaction. The numerical simulation isdeveloped here to investigate the mechanical behaviour of ballast. However, the main difficultiesof this research action concerns the size of the granular system simulation increasing both in termof number of grains and of process duration. The purpose of this thesis is to develop an efficient numerical tool allows to realize faster computations devoted to large-scale granular samples. In this framework, the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics (NSCD) of three-dimensional Discrete ElementMethod (DEM) simulations, improved by Domain Decomposition Method (DDM) and processedwith the Shared Memory parallel technique (using OpenMP) has been applied to study the ballast media mechanics
Naudin, Anne-Cécile. "Le régime juridique de l'exploitation portuaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1037.
Full textThese last years, the competitive context demonstrated the necessity of reforming the French port policy. This is how the port reform stemming from the law n°2008-660 of July 4th, 2008 created the Major seaports. The model of landlord port was recognized in France. The Major seaport sees its activities refocused on its kingly missions, its missions of operation having been transferred to the port private operators. In front of state property constraints, stemming from the administrative law, the Major seaports had to value their port domain by attracting the private investors and by developing their activities with their «hinterland». The public / private partnership is thus the solution to improve the competitiveness of the Major seaports. If, from the legal point of view, the port authority belongs in «dominant» position by its decision-making role of allocation of port spaces to the various operators, from the economic point of view, the balance of power is inverted for the benefit of the operators. It is thus essential to succeed in balancing these visions in the respect for the free play of competition
Oviedo-Marlot, Ximena. "Etude du comportement du ballast par un modèle micromécanique (application aux opérations de maintenance de la voie ferrée ballastée)." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENPC0107.
Full textSaulot, Aurélien Berthier Yves Descartes Sylvie. "Analyse tribologique du contact roue-rail." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2006. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=saulot.
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