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Journal articles on the topic 'Voltammetric Biosensor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 September 2021

Last updated: 17 July 2025

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Liu, Jingjing, Yifei Xu, Shikun Liu, Shixin Yu, Zhirun Yu, and Sze Shin Low. "Application and Progress of Chemometrics in Voltammetric Biosensing." Biosensors 12, no. 7 (2022): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070494.

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The voltammetric electrochemical sensing method combined with biosensors and multi-sensor systems can quickly, accurately, and reliably analyze the concentration of the main analyte and the overall characteristics of complex samples. Simultaneously, the high-dimensional voltammogram contains the rich electrochemical features of the detected substances. Chemometric methods are important tools for mining valuable information from voltammetric data. Chemometrics can aid voltammetric biosensor calibration and multi-element detection in complex matrix conditions. This review introduces the voltammetric analysis techniques commonly used in the research of voltammetric biosensor and electronic tongues. Then, the research on optimizing voltammetric biosensor results using classical chemometrics is summarized. At the same time, the incorporation of machine learning and deep learning has brought new opportunities to further improve the detection performance of biosensors in complex samples. Finally, smartphones connected with miniaturized voltammetric biosensors and chemometric methods provide a high-quality portable analysis platform that shows great potential in point-of-care testing.

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Wang, Yunjie. "Application of Electrochemical Biosensors for Chemical Hazards Detection." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 3 (July 8, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v3i.686.

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Electrochemical biosensor is a subject that has received the most attention from scientists in recent years. It is not only related to human life but also natural environment. Research on electrochemical biosensors is also cross-linked with many other scientific fields, such as nanomaterials and hazardous chemical detection. In this research, electrochemical biosensor is discussed by divided into three types, including potentiometric, amperometric, and voltammetric biosensors. The unique mechanism, advantages and application of these electrochemical biosensors is also introduced in this article. Potentiometric biosensor is frequently used for phosphate, toxicity and heavy metal detection. Amperometric biosensors are usually combined with enzymes for the identification of additives in products and contaminants in water. Voltammetric biosensors are most commonly used for blood glucose testing, but can also detect many tastes.

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Liu, Chun Xiu, Hong Min Liu, Qing De Yang, et al. "Highly Sensitive Determination of Dopamine Using Osmium/Nafion Modified Disposable Integrated Biosensor." Advanced Materials Research 60-61 (January 2009): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.60-61.311.

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A biosensor based on gold electrode modified by Pt nanaoparticles/Osmium redox polymer/Nafion trilayer film was fabricated and used for selective and sensitive determination of dopamine. The biosensor is explored for DA sensing using the cyclic voltammetry (CV), amperometric and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) methods. The CV anodic peak currents showed a linear range with a correlation coefficient of 0.996, localized in the concentration range 0~192 μM. The differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) peak currents were linear with DA concentration during 2~425 μM with correlation coefficient of 0.99. The biosensor showed high sensitivity of 0.5 nA /nM cm2 and excellent reproducibility with the detection limit of ~10 nM (S/N=3) for the determination of DA. The easy fabrication, low detection limit and high sensitivity of the integrated biosensor making it particularly suitable for the analytical purposes.

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Hartati, Yeni Wahyuni, Santhy Wyantuti, M. Lutfi Firdaus, Nurul Auliany, Rini Surbakti, and Shabarni Gaffar. "A Rapid and Sensitive Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever Based On Nested PCR-Voltammetric DNA Biosensor Using Flagellin Gene Fragment." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 16, no. 1 (2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21182.

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Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi is an important issue for public health in the world. Laboratory methods for rapid and sensitive diagnosis are very important for disease management. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of nested PCR–voltammetric DNA biosensor using flagellin gene (fla) of S. typhi as a marker. The differential pulse voltammetry using pencil graphite electrode was applied to measure the guanine oxidation signal of probes vs synthetic target stDNA and probes vs fla PCR product hybridizations. The probe DNA selectivity was examined by hybridized probes vs non-complementary sequence. The result showed that the first round nested PCR product can not be visualized by agarose electrophoresis, whereas using the voltammetric biosensor methods can be detected both for the first or second round nested PCR product. The average peak current of hybridized probe vs first and second round of PCR product was 2.32 and 1.47 μA respectively, at 0.9 V. Detection of the DNA sequences of the infectious diseases from PCR amplified real sample was also carried out using this voltammetric DNA biosensor methods.

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Malinowski, Szymon, Cecylia Wardak, Justyna Jaroszyńska-Wolińska, P. Herbert, and Rafał Panek. "Cold Plasma as an Innovative Construction Method of Voltammetric Biosensor Based on Laccase." Sensors 18, no. 12 (2018): 4086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124086.

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Development of new, faster methods of biosensor construction is a huge challenge for current science and industry. In this work, biosensor construction was carried out using a new soft plasma polymerization (SPP) method in which a bio-recognition layer of laccase enzyme was polymerized and bonded to a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) substrate under atmospheric pressure with a corona discharge jet. Laccase belongs to the oxidoreductase enzyme group with four copper atoms in its active center. Application of the corona SPP plasma method allows reduction of the time needed for biosensor construction from several hours to minutes. The presented work includes optimization of the laccase bio-recognition layer deposition time, structural studies of the deposited laccase layer, as well as study of the fabricated biosensor applicability for the determination of Rutin in real pharmaceutical samples. This method produces a biosensor with two linear ranges from 0.3 μmol/dm3 to 0.5 μmol/dm3 and from 0.8 μmol/dm3 to 16 μmol/dm3 of Rutin concentration. Results shown in this work indicate that application of the one-step, corona SPP method enables biosensor construction with comparable analytical parameters to biosensors fabricated by conventional, multi-step, wet methods.

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Girousi, S., and V. Kinigopoulou. "Detection of short oligonucleotide sequences using an electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor." Open Chemistry 8, no. 4 (2010): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0056-5.

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AbstractAn electrochemical DNA hybridization biosensor was developed for the detection of DNA hybridization using MDB and proflavine as electrochemical labels. The biosensor was based on the interaction of 7-dimethyl-amino-1,2-benzophenoxazi-nium Meldola’s Blue (MDB) and proflavine with double stranded DNA (dsDNA) The electrochemical behaviour of MDB and proflavine as well as its interaction with double stranded (dsDNA) were investigated by cyclic (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) and screen printed electrodes (ScPE). Furthermore, DNA-hybridization biosensors were developed for the detection of hybridization between oligonucleotides, which was detected by studying changes in the voltammetric peaks of MDB (reduction peak at −0.251 V) and proflavine (reduction peak at 0.075 V). MDB and proflavine were found to intercalate between the base pairs of dsDNA and oligonucleotides. Several factors affecting the dsDNA or oligonucleotides immobilization, hybridization and indicator preconcentration and interaction time, were investigated. As a result of the interaction of MDB with dsDNA and hybridized oligonucleotides, the voltammetric signals of MDB increased. Furthermore, guanine’s oxidation peak (at 0.901 V) was decreased as MDB’s concentration was increased. As a result of the interaction of proflavine with dsDNA and hybridized oligonucleotides, the voltammetric signals of proflavine decreased. These results were similar for carbon paste and screen printed electrodes. A comparison of the performance between CPE and ScPE was done. Our results showed that lower concentrations of MDB and proflavine were detected using screen printed electrodes. Moreover, reproducibility was better using screen printed electrodes and the detection was faster (regarding the experimental steps), but they are more cost effective.

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Antunes, Rafael Souza, Douglas Vieira Thomaz, Luane Ferreira Garcia, Eric de Souza Gil, Vernon Sydwill Sommerset, and Flavio Marques Lopes. "Determination of Methyldopa and Paracetamol in Pharmaceutical Samples by a Low Cost Genipa americana L. Polyphenol Oxidase Based Biosensor." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 9, no. 3 (2019): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2019.049.

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Purpose: Jenipapo fruit (Genipa americana L) is a natural source of polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) whose potential in pharmaceutical analysis is noteworthy. Henceforth, this work reports the electrochemical study of a low-cost PPO-based biosensor produced from the crude extract of Jenipapo fruits and accounts a practical approach to employ this biosensor in the determination of methyldopa and paracetamol in pharmaceutical samples. Methods: In order to investigate the electrochemical properties of the biosensor, theoretical and practical approaches were employed, and both samples and the biosensor were analyzed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltammetric techniques, namely: differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Results: showcased that the biosensor presented good analytical features, as well as low detection limits (8 μmol L-1 for methyldopa and 5 μmol L-1 for paracetamol). The relative standard deviation was less than 5% mid-assay. Conclusion: The use of this biosensor is a reliable, low cost and useful alternative in the pharmaceutic determination of phenolic drugs (e.g. methyldopa and paracetamol).

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Sharma, Pradakshina, Mohd Rahil Hasan, Ubaid Mushtaq Naikoo, Shaheen Khatoon, Roberto Pilloton, and Jagriti Narang. "Aptamer Based on Silver Nanoparticle-Modified Flexible Carbon Ink Printed Electrode for the Electrochemical Detection of Chikungunya Virus." Biosensors 14, no. 7 (2024): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios14070344.

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Medical devices have progressed from their initial bulky forms to smart devices. However, their rigidity hampers their seamless integration into everyday life. The fields of stretchable, textile, and flexible electronics are emerging research areas with the potential to drive significant technological progress. This research presents a laboratory-based technique to produce highly sensitive and flexible biosensors for detecting the chikungunya virus. These biosensors are based on 0D nanomaterials and demonstrate significant advancements in voltammetry. The electrochemical platform was created utilizing the stencil printing (StPE) technique. Adapting the biosensor setup involved the selection of aptamer as the biorecognition element bound with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This biosensor was employed in the voltammetric identification of the Chikungunya virus antigen (CHIKV-Ag) within a solution containing 0.5 mM potassium ferro/ferri cyanide, a redox pair. The biosensor was employed to evaluate CHIKV-Ag within a human serum sample. It demonstrated a linear detection span ranging from 0.1 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL for CHIKV-Ag. The proposed approach, due to its flexibility in production and the electrocatalytic attributes displayed by the zero-dimensional nanostructure, presents innovative opportunities for cost-effective and tailored aptamer-based bioelectronics, thereby broadening the scope of this domain.

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Bounegru, Alexandra Virginia, and Constantin Apetrei. "Development of a Novel Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Carbon Nanofibers–Cobalt Phthalocyanine–Laccase for the Detection of p-Coumaric Acid in Phytoproducts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179302.

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The present paper developed a new enzymatic biosensor whose support is a screen-printed electrode based on carbon nanofibers modified with cobalt phthalocyanine and laccase (CNF-CoPc-Lac/SPE) to determine the p-coumaric acid (PCA) content by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. Sensor modification was achieved by the casting and cross-linking technique, using glutaraldehyde as a reticulation agent. The biosensor’s response showed the PCA redox processes in a very stable and sensitive manner. The calibration curve was developed for the concentration range of p-coumaric acid of 0.1–202.5 μM, using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The biosensor yielded optimal results for the linearity range 0.4–6.4 μM and stood out by low LOD and LOQ values, i.e., 4.83 × 10−7 M and 1.61 × 10−6 M, respectively. PCA was successfully determined in three phytoproducts of complex composition. The results obtained by the voltammetric method were compared to the ones obtained by the FTIR method. The amount of p-coumaric acid determined by means of CNF-CoPc-Lac/SPE was close to the one obtained by the standard spectrometric method.

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Ulianas, Alizar, Sharina Abu Hanifah, Ling Ling Tan, et al. "An Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Enzymatic Urea Biosensor Based on Aniline/N-Butyl Acrylate Conducting Polymer-Modified Screen-Printed Electrode." Sains Malaysiana 53, no. 6 (2024): 1295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5306-06.

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An enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for urea detection was developed using the succinimide-modified aniline/n-butyl acrylate (nBA) conducting polymer. This aniline/nBA conducting polymer was synthesized by photopolymerization with the succinimide moiety incorporated during the photocuring procedure. The urease enzyme originating from Jack beans was chemically grafted on the succinimide-functionalized aniline/nBA conducting polymer, which was attached to a screen-printed carbon paste electrode (SPE). The enzymatic hydrolysis of urea by the urease electrode diminished the voltammetric biosensor response as a result of the cascaded chemical reaction between the enzymatically hydrolyzed hydroxide (OH-) ion and the K3Fe(CN)6 redox species that generating the side products (Fe(OH)3, CN- ion, and KCN), which impeded the electron transfer of the redox mediator at electrode-electrolyte interface. In view of the amount of side products produced was proportional to the urea concentration associated in the enzymatic reaction with the immobilized urease enzymes, this has allowed the proposed enzymatic biosensor to demonstrate an inverse sensitivity concept of detecting urea concentration in an ultrasensitive manner. The electron transfer rate constant (k) of the urease electrode based on aniline/nBA hybrid material at the electrode-electrolyte interface was determined at 5.374×10-5 cm s-1. The linear response range of the enzymatic urea biosensor was obtained from 1×10-10 mM to 1×10-1 mM (R2=0.9834) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with a limit of detection of 4.72×10-11 mM at pH 5.0 and enzymatic hydrolysis time of 30 min. The voltammetric urea biosensor response showed good reproducibility with a promising relative standard deviation (RSD) acquired at 5.0% (n=9). The ultra-high sensitivity performance of the developed enzymatic biosensor based on aniline/nBA conducting polymer towards determination of urea concentrations at low levels has demonstrated superior performance across previously reported electrochemical urea biosensors based on various nanostructured conducting materials.

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Boubezari, Imane, François Bessueille, Anne Bonhomme, et al. "Laccase-Based Biosensor Encapsulated in a Galactomannan-Chitosan Composite for the Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds." Biosensors 10, no. 6 (2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10060070.

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Galactomannan, a neutral polysaccharide, was extracted from carob seeds and characterized. It was used for the first time for the fabrication of a laccase-based biosensor by the encapsulation of laccase in a chitosan+galactomannan composite. The fabricated biosensor was characterized by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The pyrocatechol detection was obtained by cyclic voltammetry measurements, through the detection of o-quinone at −0.447 V. The laccase activity was well preserved in the chitosan+galactomannan composite and the sensitivity of detection of pyrocatechol in the 10−16 M–10−4 M range was very high. The voltammetric response of the biosensor was stable for more than two weeks. To estimate the antioxidant capacity of olive oil samples, it was shown that the obtained laccase-based biosensor is a valuable alternative to the colorimetric Folin–Ciocalteu method.

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Long, Beiqing, Lin Tang, Bo Peng, et al. "Voltammetric Biosensor Based on Nitrogen-doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon for Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Vegetables." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 1 (2018): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180521090326.

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Background: Pesticides residues in agricultural products have posed a serious threat to food safety and human health, so it is necessary to develop a rapid and accurate method to detect pesticide in the environment. N-OMC with excellent electroconductivity, high biocompatibility and the functional amino group that can be covalently attached to the enzyme can be applied to construct a sensitive and stable acetylcholinesterase biosensor for rapid and accurate detection of organophosphorus pesticides with the help of L-cysteine self-assembled monolayer and AuNPs. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption measurements are used to characterize materials. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry are used to study the surface features of modified electrodes. Differential pulse voltammetric is used to measure the peak current of modified electrodes. GC-MS is applied to verify the reliability of the prepared biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides detection. Results: N-OMC was synthesized and applied to constructed stable and sensitive acetylcholinesterase biosensors. The combination of N-OMC, L-cysteine self-assembled monolayer and AuNPs to modify the electrode surface has greatly improved the conductivity of biosensor and provided a stable platform for acetylcholinesterase immobilization. The linear detection range of paraoxon was from 3 to 24 nM with a lower detection limit of 0.02 nM. Conclusion: The biosensor exhibited satisfactory reproducibility, repeatability and stability, and was successfully employed to determine the paraoxon in vegetables as well as tap water samples, providing a promising tool for rapid and sensitive detection of organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural products.

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Kidanemariam, Alemayehu, and Sungbo Cho. "Recent Advances in the Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Coordination Polymers in Electrochemical Biosensors." Chemosensors 12, no. 7 (2024): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12070135.

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Electrochemical biosensors are critical in advancing biomedical and pharmaceutical therapies because of their adaptability and cost-effectiveness. Voltammetric and amperometric sensors are of particular interest. These sensors typically consist of a specialized tip or biorecognition element and a transducer that converts biological data into readable signals. Efficient biosensor materials are essential for addressing health emergencies, with coordination polymers (CPs) and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) showing promise. Functionalization strategies are necessary to enhance the usability of pristine MOFs, owing to issues such as low conductivity. The integration of conductive polymers with MOFs has resulted in the development of highly efficient biosensors. Both enzymatic and nonenzymatic biosensors are used for analyte detection; nonenzymatic approaches are gaining popularity owing to their durability and accuracy. MOFs and CPs have been applied in sensitive electrochemical biosensors to detect fatal brain tumors such as glioblastomas (GBM). These biosensors demonstrate enhanced selectivity and sensitivity, highlighting the potential of MOFs and CPs in advancing electrochemical biosensor technology for both in vivo and in vitro applications.

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Galai, Hajer Chakroun, Nihed Rahmouni, Philippe Namour, et al. "Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Catechol Biosensor Based on Electroaddressing of Laccase Encapsulated in Modified Chitosan." Sensor Letters 18, no. 3 (2020): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4210.

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In this work, a new voltammetric biosensor, based on the encapsulation of laccase from Trametes versicolor in an electrodeposited nanocomposite film, was developed for the detection of catechol. The nanocomposite was composed of chitosan (CS) modified with trymiristine (Tr), both of natural origin, to enhance its conductivity. FTIR and SEM studies were performed to characterize the modified chitosan film and the encapsulation of the enzyme. The analytical performance of the elaborated biosensor was determined through voltammetry detection of the produced quinone. Catechol was detected in a linear range between 10–20 and 10–15 M and a sensitivity of 0.4667 mA/p [catechol] was found. The repeatability of this biosensor is good as its RSD is equal to 1.35% and it shows stability for four weeks. To test the functionality of the developed biosensor, the total phenolic content of three samples of natural oils was determined and compared to a colorimetric test.

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Amin, Mohsin, Badr M. Abdullah, Stephen R. Wylie, Samuel J. Rowley-Neale, Craig E. Banks, and Kathryn A. Whitehead. "The Voltammetric Detection of Cadaverine Using a Diamine Oxidase and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Functionalised Electrochemical Biosensor." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010036.

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Cadaverine is a biomolecule of major healthcare importance in periodontal disease; however, current detection methods remain inefficient. The development of an enzyme biosensor for the detection of cadaverine may provide a cheap, rapid, point-of-care alternative to traditional measurement techniques. This work developed a screen-printed biosensor (SPE) with a diamine oxidase (DAO) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) functionalised electrode which enabled the detection of cadaverine via cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The MWCNTs were functionalised with DAO using carbodiimide crosslinking with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), followed by direct covalent conjugation of the enzyme to amide bonds. Cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated a pair of distinct redox peaks for cadaverine with the C-MWCNT/DAO/EDC-NHS/GA SPE and no redox peaks using unmodified SPEs. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to isolate the cadaverine oxidation peak and a linear concentration dependence was identified in the range of 3–150 µg/mL. The limit of detection of cadaverine using the C-MWCNT/DAO/EDC-NHS/GA SPE was 0.8 μg/mL, and the biosensor was also found to be effective when tested in artificial saliva which was used as a proof-of-concept model to increase the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of this device. Thus, the development of a MWCNT based enzymatic biosensor for the voltammetric detection of cadaverine which was also active in the presence of artificial saliva was presented in this study.

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Darvishi, Maryam, Shahab Shariati, Fariba Safa, and Akbar Islamnezhad. "Surface blocking of azolla modified copper electrode for trace determination of phthalic acid esters as the molecular barricades by differential pulse voltammetry: response surface modelling optimized biosensor." RSC Advances 11, no. 52 (2021): 32630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04714k.

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In this work, a sensitive and efficient voltammetric biosensor was introduced for differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate in aqueous solutions.

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Cui, Han, Zhao Hao Wang, Qi Jin Wan, and Nian Jun Yang. "Self-Assembled Au Electrode for Direct Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase and Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide." Advanced Materials Research 704 (June 2013): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.704.72.

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The H2O2 biosensor was prepared by continuous processes: 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) self-assembly monolayers gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) film by electrodepositioncovalent immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In pH 7.2 phosphoric buffer solution (PBS), the HRP-AuNPs-DMSA-Au electrode exhibited a pair of well-defined cyclic voltammetric peaks in H2O2 solution, and the oxidation peak is about +0.4V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The resulting substrates were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The biosensor exhibited remarkable sensitivity towards H2O2 and a wide dynamic range of 2-800 μM. The electrode retained 90% of its initial activity after 30 days of storage at 4°C.

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Tortolini, Cristina, Valeria Gigli, Flavio Rizzo, et al. "Stereoselective Voltammetric Biosensor for Myo-Inositol and D-Chiro-Inositol Recognition." Sensors 23, no. 22 (2023): 9211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229211.

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This paper describes the development of a simple voltammetric biosensor for the stereoselective discrimination of myo-inositol (myo-Ins) and D-chiro-inositol (D-chiro-Ins) by means of bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption onto a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) graphite screen-printed electrode (MWCNT-GSPE), previously functionalized by the electropolymerization of methylene blue (MB). After a morphological characterization, the enantioselective biosensor platform was electrochemically characterized after each modification step by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that the binding affinity between myo-Ins and BSA was higher than that between D-chiro-Ins and BSA, confirming the different interactions exhibited by the novel BSA/MB/MWCNT/GSPE platform towards the two diastereoisomers. The biosensor showed a linear response towards both stereoisomers in the range of 2–100 μM, with LODs of 0.5 and 1 μM for myo-Ins and D-chiro-Ins, respectively. Moreover, a stereoselectivity coefficient α of 1.6 was found, with association constants of 0.90 and 0.79, for the two stereoisomers, respectively. Lastly, the proposed biosensor allowed for the determination of the stereoisomeric composition of myo-/D-chiro-Ins mixtures in commercial pharmaceutical preparations, and thus, it is expected to be successfully applied in the chiral analysis of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs of forensic interest.

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Tavakkoli, Nahid, and Shekofe Nasrollahi. "Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Palladium Coated Nanoporous Gold Film Electrode." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 9 (2013): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch13238.

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The non-enzymatic voltammetric and amperometric detection of glucose using a palladium coated nanoporous gold film electrode is described. The effect of surfactant on the fabrication of nanoporous gold film was also investigated. The voltammetric detection of glucose was performed by cyclic voltammetry. The sensor had good electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of glucose, exhibited a rapid response (~6 s), and gave a linear range from 1 to 33 mM with a detection limit of 5 μM (with a signal to noise ratio of 3). The wide dynamic range, long-term stability, high sensitivity and selectivity, good reproducibility, and high resistance towards electrode fouling resulted in an ideal inexpensive amperometric glucose biosensor applicable for complex matrices.

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Isailović, Jelena, Aleksandra Dapčević, Milan Žunić, et al. "Study of a Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Biosensor for Glucose Based on Bi2Ru2O7 Pyrochlore Clusters Combined with MWCNTs." Chemosensors 13, no. 3 (2025): 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13030109.

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The development of sensitive, selective, and reliable glucose biosensors remains a persistent challenge in clinical diagnostics. In this study, we exploited the advantageous (electro)catalytic properties of bismuth ruthenate (Bi2Ru2O7) pyrochlore clusters, known for their high surface activity and metallic-like conductivity, and the favorable physicochemical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by combining them with glucose oxidase (GOD) in a sensitive and selective disposable glucose biosensor. The integration of Bi2Ru2O7 enabled an enhanced and more reproducible response of the biosensor along with fast and improved communication between the supporting electrode and the upper biosensing layer. The architecture of the biosensor involves the deposition of an MWCNT layer on a ferrocyanide-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (FCN-SPCE), followed by the application of a biorecognition layer including GOD and Bi2Ru2O7 clusters. The voltammetric biosensor showed excellent electroanalytical performance, capable of detecting low glucose concentrations with a detection limit of 40 µM along with a linear response across the examined concentration range of 1.0–20.0 mM. The biosensor exhibited good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.2% and interference-free operation against several of the most common interfering compounds. The practical applicability of the biosensor was demonstrated by the determination of glucose in a real serum sample spiked with different concentrations of glucose.

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Alpat, Şenol, Kazım Özdemir, and Sibel Kılınç Alpat. "Voltammetric Determination of Epinephrine in Pharmaceutical Sample with a Tyrosinase Nanobiosensor." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5653975.

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A novel carbon paste electrode modified with a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), tyrosinase, and Nafion membrane (CP/MWCNT/Tyr/Nafion) was developed for voltammetric determination of epinephrine (EP). The CP/MWCNT/Tyr/Nafion biosensor exhibited linear dynamic range from5.0×10-6 M to5.0×10-4 M EP concentration with a good correlation coefficient (R2=0.9985). The detection limit of the biosensor was calculated as3.0×10-7 M EP from the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3). Reproducibility of the biosensor was also calculated from relative standard deviation as 3.8% (n=5). Ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) did not interfere in the quantification of epinephrine. The developed biosensor was also successfully applied for the determination of epinephrine in pharmaceutical sample. The CP/MWCNT/Tyr/Nafion biosensor has good sensitivity, selectivity, stability, easy preparation procedure, and short analysis time and can be used for the determination of EP in pharmacological samples.

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Batista, Erica, Marx Pereira, Isaac Macêdo, et al. "Electroanalytical Enzyme Biosensor Based on Cordia superba Enzyme Extract for the Detection of Phytomarkers in Kombucha." Biosensors 12, no. 12 (2022): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12121112.

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Antioxidants are responsible for many beneficial health effects and are highly present in natural products, such as kombucha. Biosensors’ development targeting antioxidants and phytomarkers are an active research field. This work aimed to propose a voltammetric polyphenolxidase (Cordia superba) biosensor for catechin and total phenolic compounds quantification in kombucha samples. Optimizations were performed on the biosensor of Cordia superba to improve the accuracy and selectivity, such as enzyme–substrate interaction time, analytical responses for different patterns and signal differences with the carbon paste and modified carbon paste electrode. Kombucha probiotic drink samples were fermented for 7 to 14 days at a controlled temperature (28 ± 2 °C). A linear curve was made for catechin with a range of 10.00 to 60.00 µM, with a limit of detection of 0.13 µM and limit of quantification of 0.39 µM. The biosensor proposed in this work was efficient in determining the patterns of phenolic compounds in kombucha.

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Dogru, Erkan, Elif Erhan, and Osman Atilla Arikan. "Investigation of dilution agent effect onto interactions between methylene blue and DNA using carbon fiber based DNA biosensor." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 20, no. 2 (2017): 065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v20i2.262.

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This paper focuses on the dilution agent effect onto interactions between methylene blue (MB) and DNA using carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) based DNA biosensor. In this study, designed CFME based DNA biosensor was successfully carried out considering the effect of probe dilution agent (e.g. 3-mercaptopropionic acid) against proposed hybridization mechanism types. The voltammetric signals of MB were measured at bare CFME, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-modified CFME and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-modified CFME by means of square wave voltammetry (SWV). The electrochemical parameters for MB on binding to DNA onto single CFME in the solution and at the electrode surface were described. This study shows that probe dilution agent is a significant factor to determine the type of DNA hybridization mechanisms.

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Franco, Fabiane Fantinelli, Richard A. Hogg, and Libu Manjakkal. "Cu2O-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Non-Invasive and Portable Glucose Detection." Biosensors 12, no. 3 (2022): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12030174.

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Electrochemical voltammetric sensors are some of the most promising types of sensors for monitoring various physiological analytes due to their implementation as non-invasive and portable devices. Advantages in reduced analysis time, cost-effectiveness, selective sensing, and simple techniques with low-powered circuits distinguish voltammetric sensors from other methods. In this work, we developed a Cu2O-based non-enzymatic portable glucose sensor on a graphene paste printed on cellulose cloth. The electron transfer of Cu2O in a NaOH alkaline medium and sweat equivalent solution at very low potential (+0.35 V) enable its implementation as a low-powered portable glucose sensor. The redox mechanism of the electrodes with the analyte solution was confirmed through cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. The developed biocompatible, disposable, and reproducible sensors showed sensing performance in the range of 0.1 to 1 mM glucose, with a sensitivity of 1082.5 ± 4.7% µA mM−1 cm−2 on Cu2O coated glassy carbon electrode and 182.9 ± 8.83% µA mM−1 cm−2 on Cu2O coated graphene printed electrodes, making them a strong candidate for future portable, non-invasive glucose monitoring devices on biodegradable substrates. For portable applications we demonstrated the sensor on artificial sweat in 0.1 M NaOH solution, indicating the Cu2O nanocluster is selective to glucose from 0.0 to +0.6 V even in the presence of common interference such as urea and NaCl.

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Çevik, Serdar, Suna Timur, and Ülkü Anik. "Biocentri-voltammetric biosensor for acetylcholine and choline." Microchimica Acta 179, no. 3-4 (2012): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00604-012-0895-1.

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Ross, Natasha, Nicolette Hendricks-Leukes, Rachel Fanelwa Ajayi, Priscilla Baker, and Emmanuel I. Iwuoha. "Conductive Composite Biosensor System for Electrochemical Indinavir Drug Detection." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/630408.

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Indinavir is a protease inhibitor antiretroviral (ARV) drug, which forms part of the highly active antiretroviral therapy during the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Indinavir undergoes first-pass metabolism through the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the human liver, of which CYP3A4 is the most influential isoenzyme. Multidrug combination therapy and, as such, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during HIV/AIDS treatment are therefore critical, to prevent adverse interactions. The conventional sensitive and specific assays available for quantifying ARV drugs, however, suffer from distinct disadvantages. In this regard, biosensors can be used to provide real time information on the metabolic profile of the drug. In this study, a biosensor with cobalt(III) sepulchrate trichloride{CoSep3+}as diffusional mediator was constructed. The biosensor platform consisted of CYP3A4 immobilized onto a gold nanoparticle (GNP) overoxidized polypyrrole (OvOxPpy) carrier matrix. The biosensor exhibited reversible electrochemistry, with formal potential determined as −624 ± 5 mV, from voltammetric analysis, with overall electron transfer being diffusion controlled. The biosensor showed typical electrocatalytic response to dioxygen (O2), exemplified by the distinct increase in the cathodic peak current (Ip,c). A concentration-dependent increase inIp,cwas observed in response to consecutive additions of Indinavir.

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Hlavatá, Lenka, Vlastimil Vyskočil, Katarína Beníková, Monika Borbélyová, and Ján Labuda. "DNA-based biosensors with external Nafion and chitosan membranes for the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of beer, coffee, and tea." Open Chemistry 12, no. 5 (2014): 604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0516-4.

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AbstractNovel electrochemical DNA-based biosensors with outer-sphere Nafion and chitosan protective membranes were prepared for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of beverages (beer, coffee, and black tea) against prooxidant hydroxyl radicals. A carbon working electrode of a screen-printed three-electrode assembly was modified using a layer-by-layer deposition technique with low molecular weight double-stranded DNA and a Nafion or chitosan film. The membrane-covered DNA biosensors were initially tested with respect to their voltammetric and impedimetric response after the incubation of the beverage and the medium exchange for the solution of the redox indicator [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−. While the Nafion-protected biosensor proved to be suitable for beer and black tea extracts, the chitosan-protected biosensor was successfully used in a coffee extract. Afterwards, the applicability was successfully verified for these biosensors for the detection of a deep degradation of the surface-attached DNA at the incubation in the cleavage agent (hydroxyl radicals generated via Fenton reaction) and for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of coffee and black tea extracts against prooxidant hydroxyl radicals. The investigation of the novel biosensors with a protective membrane represents a significant contribution to the field of electrochemical DNA biosensors utilization.

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Sharma, Pradakshina, mohd Rahil Hasan, and Jagriti Narang. "A Flexible Aptasensor Based on Silver–Modified PVC Membrane Electrode Detection of Chikungunya Virus in Human Serum." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 63 (2023): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02633007mtgabs.

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Electronic devices have advanced from their heavy, bulky origins to become smart appliances. Nevertheless, they remain rigid, which precludes their intimate integration into everyday life. Flexible, textile and stretchable electronics are emerging research areas and may yield mainstream technologies. The design and development of a screen-printed carbon electrode on a polyvinyl chloride substrate as a disposable sensor is described. The SPCEs were printed with two inks: carbon ink as the working and counter electrodes, silver/silver chloride ink as the reference electrode. Selection of the best configuration was done by comparing slopes from the calibration plots generated by the cyclic voltammograms for each configuration. Modifying the configuration for use as a biosensor, aptamer was selected as a biomaterial bound with silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Biosensors of Aptamer/AgNP/PCE, were used in the voltammetric detection of chikungunya virus antigen (CHIKV-Ag) in a solution of 0.5 mM ferro/ferri cyanide as a redox couple by applying a potential of 50mV/s at the working electrode yielded the highest performance. The voltammetric response of Aptamer/AgNP/PCE retained over 95% of the initial current of the 1st day up to 30 days of storage at 4 ◦C. The biosensor showed a linear range of 0.1ng/ml-1µg/ml, with a detection limit of 0.1ng/ml of CHIKV-Ag (S/N = 5). The low detection limit, long storage life and wide linear range of this biosensor make it advantageous in variety of quick diagnostic procedures for the detection of Chikungunya virus infection.

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Norocel, Liliana, and Gheorghe Gutt. "Screen-Printed Voltammetric Biosensors for the Determination of Copper in Wine." Sensors 19, no. 21 (2019): 4618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214618.

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Certain heavy metals present in wine, including copper, can form insoluble salts and can induce additional casse, so their determination is important for its quality and stability. In this context, a new biosensor for quantification of copper ions with BSA protein (bovine serum albumin) and using SPE electrodes (screen-printed electrodes) is proposed. The objective of this research was to develop a miniaturized, portable, and low-cost alternative to classical methods. A potentiostat, which displays the response in the form of a cyclic voltammogram, was used in order to carry out this method. Values measured for the performance characteristics of the new biosensor revealed a good sensitivity (21.01 μA mM−1cm−2), reproducibility (93.8%), and limit of detection (0.173 ppm), suggesting that it has a high degree of application in the analysis proposed by our research. The results obtained for wine samples were compared with the reference method, atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), and it was indicated that the developed biosensor is efficient and can be used successfully in the analysis of copper in wine. For the 20 samples of red wine analyzed with AAS, the concentration range of copper was between 0.011 and 0.695 mg/L and with the developed biosensor it was between 0.037 and 0.658 mg/L. Similar results were obtained for the 20 samples of white wine, 0.121–0.765 mg/L (AAS) and 0.192–0.789 mg/L (developed biosensor), respectively.

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Salvo-Comino, Coral, Fernando Martin-Pedrosa, Cristina Garcia-Cabezon, and Maria Luz Rodriguez-Mendez. "Silver Nanowires as Electron Transfer Mediators in Electrochemical Catechol Biosensors." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030899.

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The integration of nanomaterials as electron mediators in electrochemical biosensors is taking on an essential role. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio and high conductivity, metallic nanowires are an interesting option. In this paper, silver nanowires (AgNWs) were exploited to design a novel catechol electrochemical biosensor, and the benefits of increasing the aspect ratio of the electron mediator (nanowires vs. nanoparticles) were analyzed. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have shown a homogeneous distribution of the enzyme along the silver nanowires, maximizing the contact surface. The large contact area promotes electron transfer between the enzyme and the electrode surface, resulting in a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 2.7 × 10−6 M for tyrosinase immobilized onto AgNWs (AgNWs-Tyr), which is one order of magnitude lower than the LOD of 3.2 × 10−5 M) obtained using tyrosinase immobilized onto silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-Tyr). The calculated KM constant was 122 mM. The simultaneous use of electrochemistry and AFM has demonstrated a limited electrochemical fouling that facilitates stable and reproducible detection. Finally, the biosensor showed excellent anti-interference characteristics toward the main phenols present in wines including vanillin, pyrogallol, quercetin and catechin. The biosensor was able to successfully detect the presence of catechol in real wine samples. These results make AgNWs promising elements in nanowired biosensors for the sensitive, stable and rapid voltammetric detection of phenols in real applications.

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Batista, Érica A., Giovanna N. M. Silva, Livia F. Sgobbi, et al. "Enzymatic Electroanalytical Biosensor Based on Maramiellus colocasiae Fungus for Detection of Phytomarkers in Infusions and Green Tea Kombucha." Biosensors 11, no. 3 (2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11030091.

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In this work, we developed an enzymatic voltammetric biosensor for the determination of catechin and gallic acid in green tea and kombucha samples. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methodology was optimized regarding the amount of crude enzyme extract, incubation time in the presence of the substrates, optimal pH, reuse of the biosensor, and storage time. Samples of green tea and kombucha were purchased in local markets in the city of Goiânia-GO, Brazil. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric techniques were performed for the comparison of the analytical methods employed. In addition, two calibration curves were made, one for catechin with a linear range from 1 to 60 µM (I = −0.152 * (catechin) − 1.846), with a detection limit of 0.12 µM and a quantification limit of 0.38 µM and one for gallic acid with a linear range from 3 to 60 µM (I = −0.0415 * (gallic acid) − 0.0572), with a detection limit of 0.14 µM and a quantification limit of 0.42 µM. The proposed biosensor was efficient in the determination of phenolic compounds in green tea.

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Apetrei, Irina, and Constantin Apetrei. "Development of a Novel Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Platinum Nanoparticles/Chitosan/Graphene Nanostructured Layer with Applicability in Bioanalysis." Materials 12, no. 7 (2019): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071009.

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The present paper describes the preparation and characterization of a graphene, chitosan, platinum nanoparticles and tyrosinase-based bionanocomposite film deposited on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode for the detection of L-tyrosine by voltammetry. The redox process on the biosensor surface is associated with the enzymatic oxidation of L-tyrosine, which is favoured by graphene and platinum nanoparticles that increase electrical conductivity and the electron transfer rate. Chitosan ensures the biocompatibility between the tyrosinase enzyme and the solid matrix, as well as a series of complex interactions for an efficient immobilization of the biocatalyst. Experimental conditions were optimized so that the analytical performances of the biosensor were maximal for L-tyrosine detection. By using square wave voltammetry as the detection method, a very low detection limit (4.75 × 10−8 M), a vast linearity domain (0.1–100 μM) and a high affinity of the enzyme for the substrate (KMapp is 53.4 μM) were obtained. The repeatability of the voltammetric response, the stability, and the reduced interference of the chemical species present in the sample prove that this biosensor is an excellent tool to be used in bioanalysis. L-tyrosine detection in medical and pharmaceutical samples was performed with very good results, the analytical recovery values obtained being between 99.5% and 101%. The analytical method based on biosensor was validated by the standard method of analysis, the differences observed being statistically insignificant at the 99% confidence level.

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Brett, A. M. Oliveira, T. R. A. Macedo, D. Raimundo, M. H. Marques, and S. H. P. Serrano. "Voltammetric behaviour of mitoxantrone at a DNA-biosensor." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 13, no. 7-8 (1998): 861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0956-5663(98)00053-0.

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Brett, Ana Maria Oliveira, Sílvia H. P. Serrano, Ivano Gutz, Mauro A. La-Scalea, and Maria Luiza Cruz. "Voltammetric behavior of nitroimidazoles at a DNA-biosensor." Electroanalysis 9, no. 14 (1997): 1132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091419.

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Liu, Yuan, Ya Ping Yu, Hai Yun Wu, and Ruo Kui Chang. "Design of Electrochemical Biosensor on Naphthalene Content Detection in Water Based on SCM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 597 (July 2014): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.597.435.

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In order to achieve rapid detection of naphthalene content in water, the electrochemical biosensor has been developed based on microcontroller by the cyclic voltammetry (CV). The system is consisted of a three-electrode electrochemical system, converting circuit, IAP15F2K61S2 microcontroller and display unit. The voltammetric oxidation-reduction response of a bare gold electrode has been gained in a potential window from −0.3 V to +0.6V. After data acquisition and processing, according to the change of peak current of voltammograms, the naphthalene content is detected and displayed.the sensor can finish the detection of naphthalene content in 15 minutes.

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Baluta, Sylwia, Anna Lesiak, and Joanna Cabaj. "Simple and Cost-Effective Electrochemical Method for Norepinephrine Determination Based on Carbon Dots and Tyrosinase." Sensors 20, no. 16 (2020): 4567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164567.

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Although neurotransmitters are present in human serum at the nM level, any dysfunction of the catecholamines concentration may lead to numerous serious health problems. Due to this fact, rapid and sensitive catecholamines detection is extremely important in modern medicine. However, there is no device that would measure the concentration of these compounds in body fluids. The main goal of the present study is to design a simple as possible, cost-effective new biosensor-based system for the detection of neurotransmitters, using nontoxic reagents. The miniature Au-E biosensor was designed and constructed through the immobilization of tyrosinase on an electroactive layer of cysteamine and carbon nanoparticles covering the gold electrode. This sensing arrangement utilized the catalytic oxidation of norepinephrine (NE) to NE quinone, measured with voltammetric techniques: cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The prepared bio-system exhibited good parameters: a broad linear range (1–200 μM), limit of detection equal to 196 nM, limit of quantification equal to 312 nM, and high selectivity and sensitivity. It is noteworthy that described method was successfully applied for NE determination in real samples.

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Suchanek, Małgorzata, Agata Krakowska, Beata Paczosa-Bator, and Robert Piech. "Highly Sensitive Trimetazidine Determination Using Composite Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Doped with Titanium Oxide–Carbon Black Biosensor." Materials 17, no. 22 (2024): 5556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17225556.

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A novel composite voltammetric biosensor has been developed for the first time, utilizing a glassy carbon electrode modified with yttria-stabilized zirconia doped with titanium dioxide and carbon black (YSZTiO2-CB/GCE), specifically designed for the detection of trimetazidine (TMZ). The measurement conditions, including both the supporting electrolyte and instrumental settings, were optimized to enhance performance. In the concentration range of 0.5 to 7 µM, it is not necessary to use preconcentration time for the determination of TMZ. The limit of detection (for 60 s of preconcentration time) was equal to 5.5 nM (1.87 ng mL−1), outperforming other voltammetric methods in terms of sensitivity. The reproducibility of the trimetazidine signal (with a concentration of 0.05 µM) exhibited a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.3% over 10 measurements. Additionally, our biosensor is characterized by excellent stability, ease of use, and straightforward preparation. The proposed biosensor and method have proven effective in analyzing TMZ in a variety of matrices, including urine, blood plasma, pharmaceutical formulations, as well as gastric and intestinal fluids, yielding recovery rates ranging from 97.7 to 102.3%.

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Anchidin-Norocel, Liliana, Wesley K. Savage, Roxana Gheorghita, and Sonia Amariei. "Biopolymers Used for Receptor Immobilization for Nickel-Detection Biosensors in Food." Micromachines 14, no. 8 (2023): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14081529.

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Food is humans’ main source of nickel intake, which is responsible for the prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis and other pathological afflictions. While robust, the classical methods for nickel detection—atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry—are expensive and laborious; in contrast, modern methods that utilize sensors—of which most are electrochemical—have rapid run times, are cost-effective, and are easily assembled. Here, we describe the use of four biopolymers (alginate, agar, chitosan, and carrageenan) for receptor immobilization on biosensors to detect nickel ions and use an optimization approach with three biopolymer concentrations to assay analytical performance profiles. We measured the total performance of screen-printed carbon electrodes immobilized with the biopolymer–sensor combinations using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Voltammetric behavior favored the carrageenan biosensor, based on performance characteristics measured using CV, with sensitivities of 2.68 (for 1% biopolymer concentration) and 2.08 (for 0.5% biopolymer concentration). Our results indicated that among the four biopolymer combinations, carrageenan with urease affixed to screen-printed electrodes was effective at coupling for nickel detection.

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La-Scalea, M. A., S. H. P. Serrano, E. I. Ferreira, and A. M. Oliveira Brett. "Voltammetric behavior of benznidazole at a DNA-electrochemical biosensor." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 29, no. 3 (2002): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00081-x.

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Xu, Zhiai, Xu Chen, Xiaohu Qu, Jianbo Jia, and Shaojun Dong. "Single-wall carbon nanotube-based voltammetric sensor and biosensor." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 20, no. 3 (2004): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.03.001.

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Stobiecka, Agata, Hanna Radecka, and Jerzy Radecki. "Novel voltammetric biosensor for determining acrylamide in food samples." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 22, no. 9-10 (2007): 2165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2006.10.008.

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Ulianas, Alizar, Lee Yook Heng, Han-Yih Lau, Zamri Ishak, and Tan Ling Ling. "Single-step and reagentless analysis of genetically modified soybean DNA with an electrochemical DNA biosensor." Anal. Methods 6, no. 16 (2014): 6369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00881b.

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A simple procedure for voltammetric determination of genetically modified DNA without introduction of a redox indicator into DNA hybridization medium is described. The DNA biosensor is designed where both DNA hybridization and indicator intercalation detections can be performed in a single-step.

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Ekonomou, Sotirios I., Adrian Crew, Olena Doran, and John P. Hart. "Development of a Disposable, Amperometric Glycerol Biosensor Based on a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode, Modified with the Electrocatalyst Meldolas Blue, Coated with Glycerol Dehydrogenase and NAD+: Application to the Analysis of Wine Quality." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (2024): 6118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146118.

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This paper describes the design and development of a novel electrochemical biosensor for measuring glycerol in wine. Our initial detailed studies were aimed at deducing the optimum conditions for biosensor operation by conducting hydrodynamic voltammetric and amperometric studies. The resulting voltammograms revealed a maximum electrocatalytic current at 0.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which we used for all further studies. We also examined the effect of pH (8–10) on the amperometric responses of different glycerol concentrations over a range of 0.04 to 0.20 mM. Based on our findings, we propose that pH 9 would be suitable as the supporting electrolyte for further studies with the amperometric biosensor. The biosensor was constructed by immobilising 10 units of GLDH and 660 μg NAD+ onto the MB-SPCE surface using glutaraldehyde (GLA) as a cross-linking agent. Calibration studies were performed with glycerol over the 1.0–7.5 mM concentration range. Chronoamperometry was the electrochemical technique chosen for this purpose as it is convenient and can be performed with only 100 μL of sample directly deposited onto the biosensor’s surface. In the current study, we observed linear calibration plots with the above standard solutions using current measurements at a selection of sampling times along the chronoamperograms (30–340 s). We have evaluated the glycerol biosensor by carrying out an analysis of commercially available red wine. Overall, these findings will form a platform for the development of novel rapid technology for point-of-test evaluation of glycerol in the production and quality control of wine.

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Svitková, Veronika, Lucia Steffelová, Jana Blaškovičová, and Ján Labuda. "DNA-based biosensors with polyvinyl alcohol external membrane as a tool for the evaluation of antioxidant activity of white wines." Acta Chimica Slovaca 8, no. 2 (2015): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acs-2015-0032.

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AbstractElectrochemical DNA-based biosensors with external protective membranes were prepared for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of white wines against pro-oxidant hydroxyl radicals. A glassy carbon working electrode (GCE) was modified using a layer-by-layer deposition technique with low molecular weight double stranded DNA and an outer sphere polymer film membrane of Nafion, chitosan or polyvinylalcohol. The composition of a working procedure with membrane-covered DNA biosensors were optimized with respect to their voltammetric response in solution of the DNA redox indicator [Fe(CN)6]3-/4-after the incubation in white wines. Polyvinylalcohol (PVA) film was proved to be the suitable membrane. The PVA/DNA/GCE biosensor was used for the detection of a deep degradation of the surface-attached DNA at the incubation in the cleavage agent and for the evaluation of antioxidant properties of white wines at the incubation in mixtures of cleavage agent and wine. The investigation of the biosensors with protective membranes represents a significant contribution to utilization of the electrochemical DNA based biosensors for practical purposes.

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Zare, Hamid, Reza Samimi, Navid Nasirizadeh, and Mohammad Mazloum-Ardakani. "Preparation and electrochemical application of rutin biosensor for differential pulse voltammetric determination of NADH in the presence of acetaminophen." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 75, no. 10 (2010): 1421–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc100209111z.

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The electrocatalytic behavior of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was studied at the surface of a rutin biosensor, using various electrochemical methods. According to the results, the rutin biosensor had a strongly electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of NADH with the overpotential being decreased by about 450 mV as compared to the process at a bare glassy carbon electrode, GCE. This value is significantly greater than the value of 220 mV that was reported for rutin embedded in a lipid-cast film. The kinetic parameters of the electron transfer coefficient, ?, and the heterogeneous charge transfer rate constant, kh, for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at the rutin biosensor were estimated. Furthermore, the linear dynamic range; sensitivity and limit of detection for NADH were evaluated using the differential pulse voltammetry method. The advantages of this biosensor for the determination of NADH are excellent catalytic activity and reproducibility, good detection limit and high exchange current density. The rutin biosensor could separate the oxidation peak potentials of NADH and acetaminophen present in the same solution while at a bare GCE, the peak potentials were indistinguishable.

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Munteanu, Irina Georgiana, and Constantin Apetrei. "Tyrosinase-Based Biosensor—A New Tool for Chlorogenic Acid Detection in Nutraceutical Formulations." Materials 15, no. 9 (2022): 3221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093221.

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The purpose of our research was to develop a new enzymatic biosensor, GPH-MnPc-Tyr/SPE, using as a support screen-printed carbon electrode (SPE) modified with graphene, manganese phthalocyanine, and tyrosinase, with the aim of developing sensitive detection of chlorogenic acid (CGA). To immobilise tyrosinase on the sensor surface, crosslinking with the glutaraldehyde technique was used, thus increasing the enzyme bioactivity on this electrode. The modified electrode has a great catalytic effect on the electrochemical redox of chlorogenic acid, compared to the simple, unmodified SPE. The peak current response of the biosensor for CGA was linear in the range of 0.1–10.48 μM, obtaining a calibration curve using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Subsequently, the detection limit (LOD) and the quantification limit (LOQ) were determined, obtaining low values, i.e., LOD = 1.40 × 10−6 M; LOQ = 4.69 × 10−6 M by cyclic voltammetry and LOD = 2.32 × 10−7 M; LOQ= 7.74 × 10−7 M, by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). These results demonstrate that the method is suitable for the detection of CGA in nutraceutical formulations. Therefore, GPH-MnPc-Tyr/SPE was used for the quantitative determination of CGA in three products, by means of cyclic voltammetry. The Folin–Ciocalteu spectrophotometric assay was used for the validation of the results, obtaining a good correlation between the voltammetric method and the spectrophotometric one, at a confidence level of 95%. Moreover, by means of the DPPH method, the antioxidant activity of the compound was determined, thus demonstrating the antioxidant effect of CGA in all nutraceuticals studied.

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Mascini, M. "Affinity electrochemical biosensors for pollution control." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 1 (2001): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173010023.

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Disposable, electrochemical DNA-based biosensors have been exploited for the determination of low-molecular-weight compounds with affinity for nucleic acids. The application is related to the molecular interaction between the surface-linked DNA obtained from calf thymus and the target pollutants or drugs, in order to develop a simple device for rapid screening of genotoxic or similar compounds. The determination of such compounds was measured by their effect on the oxidation signal of the guanine peak of the DNA immobilized on the electrode surface and investigated by chronopotentiometric or square-wave voltammetric analysis. The DNA biosensor is able to detect known intercalating and groove-binding compounds such as daunomycin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), aflatoxin B1, and aromatic amines. Applicability to river and waste water samples is discussed and reported.

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Mhd Akhir, M. A., N. A. Parmin, Uda Hashim, et al. "Voltammetric DNA Biosensor for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Strain 18 Detection." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 864 (July 10, 2020): 012166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/864/1/012166.

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Ly, Suw Young, Hai-Soo Yoo, and Sung Hoon Choa. "Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori bacterial infections using a voltammetric biosensor." Journal of Microbiological Methods 87, no. 1 (2011): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2011.07.002.

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Bounegru, Alexandra Virginia, and Constantin Apetrei. "Sensitive Detection of Hydroxytyrosol in Extra Virgin Olive Oils with a Novel Biosensor Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Tyrosinase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (2022): 9132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169132.

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Abstract:

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is an important marker for the authenticity and quality assessment of extra virgin olive oils (EVOO). The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative determination of hydroxytyrosol in commercial extra virgin olive oils of different origins and varieties using a newly developed biosensor based on a screen-printed electrode modified with single-layer carbon nanotubes and tyrosinase (SPE-SWCNT-Ty). The enzyme was immobilized on a carbon-based screen-printed electrode previously modified with single-layer carbon nanotubes (SPE-SWCNT-Ty) by the drop-and-dry method, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The modified electrode surface was characterized by different methods, including electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) and spectrometric (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) methods. Cyclic voltammetry was used for the quantitative determination of HT, obtaining a detection limit of 3.49 × 10−8 M and a quantification limit of 1.0 × 10−7 M, with a wide linearity range (0.49–15.602 µM). The electrochemical performance of the SPE-SWCNT-Ty biosensor was compared with that of the modified SPE-SWCNT sensor, and the results showed increased selectivity and sensitivity of the biosensor due to the electrocatalytic activity of tyrosinase. The results obtained from the quantitative determination of HT showed that commercial EVOOs contain significant amounts of HT, proving the high quality of the finished products. The determination of the antiradical activity of HT was carried out spectrophotometrically using the free reagent galvinoxyl. The results showed that there is a very good correlation between the antiradical capacity of EVOOs, the voltammetric response and implicitly the increased concentration of HT. SPE-SWCNT-Ty has multiple advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity, feasibility and low cost and could be used in routine analysis for quality control of food products such as vegetable oils.

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