Relevant bibliographies by topics / Volume (Cubic content)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Volume (Cubic content)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Volume (Cubic content)"

1

Chan, Walker R., Veronika Stelmakh, Michael Ghebrebrhan, Marin Soljačić, John D. Joannopoulos, and Ivan Čelanović. "Enabling efficient heat-to-electricity generation at the mesoscale." Energy & Environmental Science 10, no. 6 (2017): 1367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ee00366h.

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Zhang, Pan, Yan Kun Zhang, Xiao Hu Li, and Zhen Lei Guo. "Experiment Research on Compressive Strength of Specified Density Steel Fiber Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1606.

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Based on the experimental research, the prism compressive strength and cubic compressive strength of specified density steel fiber concrete are studied. Through regression analysis, the influence of type of steel fiber, volume content of the fiber and substitution ratio of lightweight aggregate is studied. According to the test results, the formula of prism compressive strength and cubic compressive strength is given.
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3

Jiang, J. Z., F. W. Poulsen, and S. Mørup. "Structure and Thermal Stability of Nanostructured Iron-doped Zirconia Prepared by High-energy Ball Milling." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 4 (April 1999): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0183.

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Fully stabilized cubic zirconia doped with iron oxide has been synthesized by high-energy ball milling from powder mixtures of monoclinic zirconia and hematite. It is found that the iron ions dissolved in cubic ZrO2 are in substitutional positions with a maximum solubility of approximately 18.5 mol% α–Fe2O3. The unit-cell volume of the cubic ZrO2 phase decreases with increasing iron content. During heating the cubic-to-tetragonal transition occurs at approximately 827 °C and the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transition seems to be absent at temperatures below 950 °C. During cooling the tetragonal-to-monoclinic transition occurs at 900–1100 °C.
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4

Li, Qing, and Xiao Xiang Yang. "Numerical Simulation for Mechanical Behavior of Carbon Black Filled Rubber Composites Based on Cubic Representative Volume Element." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.285.

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Based on the connection between macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of carbon black filled rubber composites, Representative Volume Element (RVE) containing one single particle has been proposed, and three dimensional cubic RVE has been established to study and analyze the macroscopic mechanical properties of the carbon black filled rubber composites by the micromechanical finite element method. The research shows that the stiffness of the composite is increased with the increase of the volume fraction of carbon black filler particles. By comparison, it is shown that the results of the predictions on the stress-strain behavior of the rubber composite made with the cubic RVE numerical models containing one spherical particle are in good agreement with the experimental results for seven and fifteen percent carbon black filler content, but there is some discrepancy between them for twenty-five percent carbon black filler content. The results of the predictions on the stress-strain behavior of the rubber composite made with the cubic RVE numerical models containing one cubical particle are higher than the experimental results, and the higher the carbon black filler content, the greater is the discrepancy between them.
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Solovev, S. A., O. V. Soloveva, I. G. Akhmetova, Y. V. Vankov, and R. Z. Shakurova. "Numerical investigation of the thermal conductivity of a composite heat-insulating material with microgranules." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 24, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2022-24-1-86-98.

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THE PURPOSE. To consider the problems that arise when creating a composite heatinsulating material, including a layer of microspherical granules. Numerical modeling of a composite material with different volume content of microspheres and different options for the formation of voids. Determination of the influence of the presence of zones not occupied by microgranules on the insulating properties of the composite material. Determination of the influence of the volume content of microspherical granules on the heat flux through the composite material.METHODS. Numerical simulation was carried out by creating models of elementary cubic cells of a composite with a package of 27 microspheres in the ANSYS Fluent 19.2 software package. The evaluation of the insulating properties was carried out by measuring the thermal conductivity coefficient.RESULTS. The article investigates the influence of the presence of zones not occupied by microspherical granules on the thermal insulation properties of a composite material. Models of elementary cubic cells with different volume content of microgranules are constructed. Models of elementary cells are built with various options for the formation of voids, such as the removal of a vertical or horizontal row of granules and the compaction of granules vertically or horizontally.CONCLUSION. The removal of microgranules has a significant effect on the insulating properties of the composite. The lowest thermal conductivity coefficient was obtained for a simple cubic cell with a volume content of microgranules φ = 40%. The presence of voids in the material contributes to large heat losses, and in the case of a vertical through channel, the heat losses are greater than for a horizontal through channel. In the case of densification of spheres, heat losses in the zone not occupied by microgranules are compensated by a decrease in the heat flux in the area with densification of spheres.
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Максимов, В. И., Е. Н. Максимова, and Т. П. Суркова. "Вариативность результирующего поля микродеформаций в кристаллах Zn-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-V-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Se (0.01≤ x≤0.10)." Физика твердого тела 60, no. 1 (2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.01.45287.004.

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AbstractA detailed neutronographic study of the bulk ZnSe crystals doped with vanadium up to the content commensurate with the solubility limit in a semiconductor matrix has been carried out for the first time at room temperature. The data that characterize nonuniformly-deformed states based on the cubic structural modification of the II–VI compounds are obtained. A simplified analysis of the broadening patterns of the diffraction profiles of main Bragg reflexes of the studied crystals shows that the resulting deformation covers macroscopic volumes, and the distribution of vanadium ions in the given cases may significantly deviate from the uniform distribution over volume. Relative to the initial cubic lattice, dominating trends towards symmetry changes preceding the phase stratification in the ZnSe crystals heavily doped with vanadium are revealed.
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Vavrukh, Valentyna. "Effects of the yttria content and sintering temperature on the phase evolution in yttria-stabilized zirconia." Ukrainian Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science 8, no. 1 (2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/ujmems2022.01.012.

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The microstructure of YSZ ceramics stabilized by the various amount of yttria, namely 3 mol % Y 2 O 3 (3YSZ), 4 mol% Y 2 O 3 (4YSZ) and 5 mol % Y 2 O 3 (5YSZ) has been studied. Three sintering temperatures, namely 1450 °C, 1500 °C and 1550 °C were used for each series of samples (3YSZ, 4YSZ, 5YSZ). The total area of the monoclinic and cubic zirconia phases in the microstructure of ceramics and the regularities of distribution of these phases were determined by ImageJ. Peculiarities of changes in volume percentage of the monoclinic and cubic phases with an increase in sintering temperature of ceramics were found. Quantitative analysis of these phases was carried out. The total distribution of the monoclinic and cubic phases by ranges of their areas was presented. Correlations between the yttria content, the sintering temperature and changes in the microstructure and phase balance of the studied ceramics were found.
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Rao, Ya Xian, Chao Feng Liang, and Ying Xia. "Experimental Research on Physical and Mechanical Properties of EPS Recycled Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 4022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.4022.

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In order to develop a new building material by recycling wasted concrete and expanded polystyrene (EPS), the EPS recycled concretes of different density were designed, and their basic physical and mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the EPS recycled concrete’s fluidity and saturated bibulous rate increase with the increase of EPS volume content. However, the dry apparent density, compressive strength, split tensile strength and thermal conductivity of EPS recycled concrete decrease linearly with increased EPS volume content. When the EPS volume content is 60%, the EPS recycled concrete’s cubic compressive strength is 4.0MPa and its thermal conductivity is 0.27W/m•K. Therefore, EPS recycled concrete can be widely applied to the non load-bearing lightweight insulation masonry.
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Zhang, Peng, Xu Han, Yuanxun Zheng, Jinyi Wan, and David Hui. "Effect of PVA fiber on mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 418–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2021-0039.

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Abstract The effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber content on mechanical and fracture properties of geopolymer concrete (GPC) were investigated in the present study. Mechanical properties include cubic compressive, prism compressive, tensile and flexural strengths, and elastic modulus. The evaluation indices in fracture properties were measured by using the three-point bending test. Geopolymer was prepared by fly ash, metakaolin, and alkali activator, which was obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The volume fractions of PVA fiber (length 12 mm and diameter 40 μm) were 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0%. The results indicate that the effects of the PVA fiber on the cubic and prism compressive strengths and elastic modulus are similar. A tendency of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in the PVA fiber content was observed in these properties. They all reached a maximum at 0.2% PVA fiber content. There was also a similar tendency of first increase and then decrease for tensile and flexural strengths, peak load, critical effective crack lengths, fracture toughness, and fracture energy of GPC, which were significantly improved by the PVA fiber. They reached a maximum at 0.8% PVA fiber content, except the tensile strength whose maximum was at 1.0% PVA fiber volume fraction. Considering the parameters analyzed, it seems that the 0.8% PVA fiber content provides optimal reinforcement of the mechanical properties of GPC.
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Cheng, Qi You, Jian Ping Huang, Ai Min Ling, and Zhi Zhuang Feng. "Investigation on the Effect of Resin Content on Buckling of Laminated Composite Plates." Advanced Materials Research 1035 (October 2014): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1035.212.

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Aerospace applications of composites involve components that are relatively thin plate or shell like structures, thus requiring the consideration of buckling as one of the many possible failure modes. To study the effect of the resin volume fraction on stability of composites, a finite element method based on micromechanics and classical lamination theory has been established to compute buckling loads of simply supported symmetric laminated composite plates subjected to the load of in-plane axial compress and shear load, respectively. The analysis procedure includes a Micromechanical finite element analysis that predicts the elastic modulus of lamina and a finite element linear buckling analysis that predicts buckling load of the composite plates. Three kinds of resin volume fraction that are equal to 44 percent, 47 percent, and 50 percent respectively are considered. The results show that the resin volume fraction has obvious influence on the stability of composite plate. The plate exhibits a relatively large increase in buckling load, about 12 percent, when the resin volume fraction increases by 3 percent. It is finds that the bending stiffness that has an obvious influence on the stability is an incremental function of elastic modulus and cubic thickness. The elastic modulus will be decreased slightly with the increase of resin volume fraction. However, the thickness of the plates is proportional to resin volume fraction.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Volume (Cubic content)"

1

Cheong, Kah-bik. "The use of volumetry by three-dimensional ultrasound in the first trimester." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43572339.

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Ryan, Timothy Lee. "Device independent perspective volume rendering using octrees." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040251/.

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Cheong, Kah-bik, and 張嘉碧. "The use of volumetry by three-dimensional ultrasound in the first trimester." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43572339.

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Hupp, Philipp. "Mahler's conjecture in convex geometry: a summary and further numerical analysis." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37262.

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In this thesis we study Mahler's conjecture in convex geometry, give a short summary about its history, gather and explain different approaches that have been used to attack the conjecture, deduce formulas to calculate the Mahler volume and perform numerical analysis on it. The conjecture states that the Mahler volume of any symmetric convex body, i.e. the product of the volume of the symmetric convex body and the volume of its dual body, is minimized by the (hyper-)cube. The conjecture was stated and solved in 1938 for the 2-dimensional case by Kurt Mahler. While the maximizer for this problem is known (it is the ball), the conjecture about the minimizer is still open for all dimensions greater than 2. A lot of effort has benn made to solve this conjecture, and many different ways to attack the conjecture, from simple geometric attempts to ones using sophisticated results from functional analysis, have all been tried unsuccesfully. We will present and discuss the most important approaches. Given the support function of the body, we will then introduce several formulas for the volume of the dual and the original body and hence for the Mahler volume. These formulas are tested for their effectiveness and used to perform numerical work on the conjecture. We examine the conjectured minimizers of the Mahler volume by approximating them in different ways. First the spherical harmonic expansion of their support functions is calculated and then the bodies are analyzed with respect to the length of that expansion. Afterwards the cube is further examined by approximating its principal radii of curvature functions, which involve Dirac delta functions.
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Jairu, Desiderio N. "Distributions of some random volumes and their connection to multivariate analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63999.

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6

Fares, Ali F. "Volume measurements of human upper-arm muscles using compounded ultrasound imaging system." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179510154.

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Le, Guennec Yohann. "Développement d’équations d’état cubiques adaptées à la représentation de mélanges contenant des molécules polaires (eau, alcools, amines …) et des hydrocarbures." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0245/document.

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L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse est de développer un modèle thermodynamique de type équation d’état cubique, permettant de prédire avec un maximum de précision les propriétés thermodynamiques des corps purs (des comportements de phases aux propriétés énergétiques - enthalpie, capacité calorifique - en incluant les propriétés volumiques) et des mélanges (équilibres de phases dans les régions sub- et supercritiques, points critiques, propriétés énergétiques, densités …), y compris les plus complexes. Concernant les corps purs tout d’abord : en nous appuyant sur la connaissance acquise par les études publiées pendant près d’un siècle et demi sur les équations d’état cubiques, nous avons identifié deux leviers pour accroître la précision de ces modèles. Le premier concerne la sélection d’une fonction α optimale (cette fonction est une quantité clef apparaissant dans le terme attractif du modèle) dont le bon paramétrage permet de représenter précisément les propriétés à saturation des corps purs, telles que la pression de saturation, l’enthalpie de vaporisation et la capacité calorifique du liquide à saturation. Afin que la fonction α puisse être extrapolée au domaine des hautes températures, nous avons défini les contraintes mathématiques que celle-ci doit respecter. Le second levier est le paramètre de translation volumique, paramètre clef pour la bonne représentation des densités liquides. Ces réflexions et les études associées sont à la base du développement des modèles tc-RK et tc-PR, utilisant une fonction α extrapolable à haute température ainsi qu’un paramètre de translation volumique, garantissant une précision jusqu’alors inégalée des propriétés sub- et supercritiques des corps purs prédites par des équations d’état cubiques. Afin d’étendre les modèles tc-RK et tc-PR aux mélanges, il a été nécessaire de développer des règles de mélange appropriées pour deux paramètres de l’équation d’état des mélanges : le covolume et le paramètre attractif. Des règles de mélanges récemment proposées qui combinent équation d’état et modèle de coefficient d’activité ont été adoptées. Les valeurs optimales des paramètres universels de ces règles de mélange ont été identifiées dans le cadre de cette thèse. Une règle de mélange linéaire pour le paramètre de translation volumique du mélange a été sélectionnée ; il a été prouvé que cette règle de mélange garantit l’invariance des propriétés d’équilibre de phases et des propriétés énergétiques entre les modèles translatés et non translatés. Afin de définir le modèle de coefficient d’activité optimal à intégrer dans la nouvelle règle de mélange, une base de données de 200 systèmes binaires a été développée. Ces systèmes binaires ont été sélectionnés afin d’être représentatifs des différents types d’interactions qui peuvent exister dans les mélanges non électrolytiques. La base de données accorde une place significative aux systèmes dits associés, qui sont certainement parmi les plus difficiles à modéliser par une équation d’état. In fine, cette thèse pose toutes les bases du développement d’une équation d’état cubique des mélanges. Le choix du modèle de coefficient d’activité optimal, la détermination des paramètres d’interactions binaires des 200 systèmes de la base de données et leur prédiction constituent des suites possibles de ce travail
The main objective of this thesis work is to develop a cubic equation of state thermodynamic model able to accurately predict the thermodynamic properties of pure compounds (from phase equilibrium data to energetic properties – enthalpy, heat capacity – and volume properties) and mixtures (phase equilibria in sub- and supercritical regions, critical points, energetic properties, densities…), including the most complex ones. Starting with pure compounds: relying on the knowledge collected all through the years from Van der Waals seminal work about cubic equations of state, we identified two levers to increase cubic-model accuracy. First is the selection of the optimal α function (this function is a key quantity involved in the model attractive term) the proper parameterization of which entails an accurate representation of pure-compound saturation properties such as saturation pressure, enthalpy of vaporization, saturated-liquid heat capacity. In order to safely extrapolate an α functions to the high temperature domain, we defined the mathematical constraints that it should satisfy. The second lever is the volume translation parameter, a key parameter for an accurate description of liquid densities. These studies led to the development of the tc-PR and tc-RK models, using an α function that correctly extrapolates to the high temperature domain so as a volume translation parameter, ensuring the most accurate estimations of pure-compound sub- and supercritical property from a cubic equation of state. In order to extend the tc-PR and tc-RK models to mixtures, it was necessary to develop adequate mixing rules for both equation of state parameters: the covolume and the attractive parameter. Recently proposed mixing rules combining an equation of state and an activity coefficient model have been retained. Optimal values of the mixing rules universal parameters have been identified in the framework of this thesis. A linear mixing rule for the volume translation parameter has been selected; it has been proven that this mixing rule does not change the phase equilibrium and energetic properties when switching from a translated to an untranslated model. In order to define the optimal activity coefficient model to include in the new mixing rule, a 200 binary-system database has been developed. These binary systems have been selected to be representative of the different kinds of interactions that can exist in non-electrolytic mixtures. The database includes in particular systems containing associating compounds, which are certainly among the most difficult ones to model with an equation of state. In fine, this thesis sets all the bases for the development of a cubic equation of state for mixtures. The selection of the optimal activity-coefficient model, the estimation of binary interaction parameters for the 200 binary systems from the database and their prediction are possible continuations of this work
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8

Le, Guennec Yohann. "Développement d’équations d’état cubiques adaptées à la représentation de mélanges contenant des molécules polaires (eau, alcools, amines …) et des hydrocarbures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0245.

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L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse est de développer un modèle thermodynamique de type équation d’état cubique, permettant de prédire avec un maximum de précision les propriétés thermodynamiques des corps purs (des comportements de phases aux propriétés énergétiques - enthalpie, capacité calorifique - en incluant les propriétés volumiques) et des mélanges (équilibres de phases dans les régions sub- et supercritiques, points critiques, propriétés énergétiques, densités …), y compris les plus complexes. Concernant les corps purs tout d’abord : en nous appuyant sur la connaissance acquise par les études publiées pendant près d’un siècle et demi sur les équations d’état cubiques, nous avons identifié deux leviers pour accroître la précision de ces modèles. Le premier concerne la sélection d’une fonction α optimale (cette fonction est une quantité clef apparaissant dans le terme attractif du modèle) dont le bon paramétrage permet de représenter précisément les propriétés à saturation des corps purs, telles que la pression de saturation, l’enthalpie de vaporisation et la capacité calorifique du liquide à saturation. Afin que la fonction α puisse être extrapolée au domaine des hautes températures, nous avons défini les contraintes mathématiques que celle-ci doit respecter. Le second levier est le paramètre de translation volumique, paramètre clef pour la bonne représentation des densités liquides. Ces réflexions et les études associées sont à la base du développement des modèles tc-RK et tc-PR, utilisant une fonction α extrapolable à haute température ainsi qu’un paramètre de translation volumique, garantissant une précision jusqu’alors inégalée des propriétés sub- et supercritiques des corps purs prédites par des équations d’état cubiques. Afin d’étendre les modèles tc-RK et tc-PR aux mélanges, il a été nécessaire de développer des règles de mélange appropriées pour deux paramètres de l’équation d’état des mélanges : le covolume et le paramètre attractif. Des règles de mélanges récemment proposées qui combinent équation d’état et modèle de coefficient d’activité ont été adoptées. Les valeurs optimales des paramètres universels de ces règles de mélange ont été identifiées dans le cadre de cette thèse. Une règle de mélange linéaire pour le paramètre de translation volumique du mélange a été sélectionnée ; il a été prouvé que cette règle de mélange garantit l’invariance des propriétés d’équilibre de phases et des propriétés énergétiques entre les modèles translatés et non translatés. Afin de définir le modèle de coefficient d’activité optimal à intégrer dans la nouvelle règle de mélange, une base de données de 200 systèmes binaires a été développée. Ces systèmes binaires ont été sélectionnés afin d’être représentatifs des différents types d’interactions qui peuvent exister dans les mélanges non électrolytiques. La base de données accorde une place significative aux systèmes dits associés, qui sont certainement parmi les plus difficiles à modéliser par une équation d’état. In fine, cette thèse pose toutes les bases du développement d’une équation d’état cubique des mélanges. Le choix du modèle de coefficient d’activité optimal, la détermination des paramètres d’interactions binaires des 200 systèmes de la base de données et leur prédiction constituent des suites possibles de ce travail
The main objective of this thesis work is to develop a cubic equation of state thermodynamic model able to accurately predict the thermodynamic properties of pure compounds (from phase equilibrium data to energetic properties – enthalpy, heat capacity – and volume properties) and mixtures (phase equilibria in sub- and supercritical regions, critical points, energetic properties, densities…), including the most complex ones. Starting with pure compounds: relying on the knowledge collected all through the years from Van der Waals seminal work about cubic equations of state, we identified two levers to increase cubic-model accuracy. First is the selection of the optimal α function (this function is a key quantity involved in the model attractive term) the proper parameterization of which entails an accurate representation of pure-compound saturation properties such as saturation pressure, enthalpy of vaporization, saturated-liquid heat capacity. In order to safely extrapolate an α functions to the high temperature domain, we defined the mathematical constraints that it should satisfy. The second lever is the volume translation parameter, a key parameter for an accurate description of liquid densities. These studies led to the development of the tc-PR and tc-RK models, using an α function that correctly extrapolates to the high temperature domain so as a volume translation parameter, ensuring the most accurate estimations of pure-compound sub- and supercritical property from a cubic equation of state. In order to extend the tc-PR and tc-RK models to mixtures, it was necessary to develop adequate mixing rules for both equation of state parameters: the covolume and the attractive parameter. Recently proposed mixing rules combining an equation of state and an activity coefficient model have been retained. Optimal values of the mixing rules universal parameters have been identified in the framework of this thesis. A linear mixing rule for the volume translation parameter has been selected; it has been proven that this mixing rule does not change the phase equilibrium and energetic properties when switching from a translated to an untranslated model. In order to define the optimal activity coefficient model to include in the new mixing rule, a 200 binary-system database has been developed. These binary systems have been selected to be representative of the different kinds of interactions that can exist in non-electrolytic mixtures. The database includes in particular systems containing associating compounds, which are certainly among the most difficult ones to model with an equation of state. In fine, this thesis sets all the bases for the development of a cubic equation of state for mixtures. The selection of the optimal activity-coefficient model, the estimation of binary interaction parameters for the 200 binary systems from the database and their prediction are possible continuations of this work
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9

Pivovarov, Peter. "Volume distribution and the geometry of high-dimensional random polytopes." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1170.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alberta, 2010.
Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 13, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Volume (Cubic content)"

1

Gupta, S. V. Comprehensive volume and capacity measurements. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2006.

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Parker, Victoria. How full is full?: Comparing bodies of water. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2011.

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Harling, Paul. Volume and capacity 1. London: Ward Lock Educational, 1985.

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Harling, Paul. Volume and capacity 2. London: Ward Lock Educational, 1985.

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Woodford, Chris. Volume. San Diego, Calif: Blackbirch Press, 2005.

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A year at the fairgrounds: Finding volume. Chicago, IL: Norwood House Press, 2013.

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M, King Rudy, and Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Cubic foot/weight scaling of Rocky Mountain Area sawtimber. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1993.

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Markstrom, Donald C. Three-P cubic volume/weight scaling of Black Hills sawtimber. Fort Collins, Colo: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1997.

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Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), ed. Three-P cubic volume/weight scaling of Black Hills sawtimber. Fort Collins, Colo. (3825 E. Mulberry St., Fort Collins 80524): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1997.

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Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), ed. Three-P cubic volume/weight scaling of Black Hills sawtimber. Fort Collins, Colo. (3825 E. Mulberry St., Fort Collins 80524): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Volume (Cubic content)"

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Liu, Yingran, Yu Sun, Jian Gong, Yafeng Zhang, and Zhewei Sun. "Experimental Study on Mix Ratio Design of High Coal Gangue Content Concrete." In Advances in Frontier Research on Engineering Structures, 249–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8657-4_23.

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AbstractIn order to improve the utilization rate of coal gangue as aggregate in concrete, based on the orthogonal experimental design method, the L16 (45) orthogonal table was used to initially prepare the mix ratio, and the concrete compressive specimens were poured, and their compressive strength was tested after standard curing for 7 days. The significance of the three factors of coal gangue ratio, coal gangue-sand ratio and water-binder ratio on strength was preliminarily understood. Then adjust the factor levels, use the L9 (34) orthogonal table to arrange the factor levels, formulate the mix ratio, test its strength after curing under the same conditions, and finally analyze that the optimal mix ratio of high-volume coal gangue concrete is 90% of coal gangue. Coal gangue sand accounts for 60% of the total sand, the water-binder ratio is 0.4, the sand rate is 35%, and the amount of cement per cubic meter is 350 kg. This mix ratio can use a large amount of coal gangue as a concrete cushion or sub-base in road engineering.
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Rauschkolb, Roy S., and Arthur G. Hornsby. "Energy (Organic Matter)." In Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Agriculture, 219–25. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195078350.003.0013.

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Abstract The soil matrix is teeming with a large population of microorganisms, estimated to be on the order of one billion organisms per cubic centimeter of soil volume. Soil organic matter and fresh organic residues incorporated into the soil provide the energy source to sustain this population of microorganisms. While the population of microorganisms may differ in a qualitative sense (there may be different species present in soils with widely different physical and chemical characteristics), in the quantitative sense they carry out the decomposition of organic materials in the soil in fundamentally the same way with, perhaps, small differences in rates from one soil to another. Many of the organisms that are essential for the transformation of nitrogen are ubiquitous and soil microbiologists have yet to find soils on earth that do not contain these microorganisms. However, there may be wide differences in the population of specific organisms, which influences the soils ability to support these transformations at a rapid rate. Where environmental factors and soil characteristics restrict the rate of transformation, changes in the soil factors and/or changes in the climate to more optimum conditions may allow microbes to function at an optimum rate. Factors that influence the aeration and energy supply will determine the rate and the type of transformations that may take place. Soil structure and texture influence water content and aeration, which along with the presence of organic matter are the predominant factors affecting the rates of nitrogen transformations.
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Sumalatha, Edapalli, Dachepalli Ravinder, Nyathani Maramu, Shubha, Butreddy Ravinder Reddy, Sadhana Katlakunta, Koteswari Gollapudi, and Rajender Thota. "Crystal Chemistry, Rietveld Analysis, Structural and Electrical Properties of Cobalt-Erbium Nano-Ferrites." In Ferrite [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98864.

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Synthesis of Cobalt-Erbium nano-ferrites with formulation CoErxFe2-xO4 (x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, 0.020, 0.025, and 0.030) using technique of citrate-gel auto-combustion was done. Characterization of prepared powders was done by using XRD, EDAX, FESEM, AFM and FTIR Spectroscopy, DC resistivity properties respectively. XRD Rietveld Analysis, SEM, TEM and EDAX analysis were taken up in studying spectral, structural, magnetic and electrical properties. XRD pattern of CEF nano particles confirm single phase cubic spinal structure. The structural variables given by lattice constant (a), lattice volume (v), average crystallite size (D) and X-ray density(dx), Bulk density (d), porosity (p), percentage of pore space (P%), surface area (s), strain (ε), dislocation density (δ), along with ionic radii, bond length and hoping length were calculated. SEM and TEM results reveal homogeneous nature of particles accompanied by clusters having no impurity pickup. TEM analysis gives information about particle size of nanocrystalline ferrite while EDAX analysis confirm elemental composition. Emergence of two arch shaped frequency bands (ν1 and ν2) that represent vibrations at tetrahedral site (A) and octahedral site(B) was indicated by spectra of FTIR. The samples electrical resistivity (DC) was measured between 30°C -600°C with Two probe method. XRD Rietveld analysis confirm crystallite size lying between 20.84 nm–14.40 nm while SEM analysis indicate formation of agglomerates and TEM analysis indicate particle size ranging between 24 nm–16 nm. DC Electrical measurements indicate continuous decrease in resistivity with increasing temperature while increasing doping decreases curie temperature. The Magnetic parameters such as Saturation magnetization (Ms), Remanent magnetization (Mr), Coercivity (Hc) and Squareness ratio (R = Mr/Ms), Magnetic moment (nB) were altered by doping of Er+3 content in the increasing order (x = 0.00 to 0.030). The increasing erbium content decreases magnetization thus converting the sample into soft magnetic material. Observations indicated strong dependence of magnetic properties on Erbium substitution and coercivity varies in accordance with anisotropy constant. Due to the presence of magnetic dipole Erbium substituted cobalt ferrites can be used in electromagnetic applications. The present study investigates the effect of different compositions of Er3+ replaced for Fe on structural properties and electrical resistivity of cobalt ferrites.
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Makandar, Shahussen, Nataraj J R, Shivaraj B W, and Sham Aan. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROPHOBIC SURFACE USING METAL OXIDES THIN FILMS." In Futuristic Trends in Mechanical Engineering Volume 3 Book 5, 34–43. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bdme5p1ch4.

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Hydrophobic surfaces play vital role in the solving the technological problems such as marine fouling, anticorrosion and drag reduction. For the synthesis of Nanoparticles such as Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Copper Oxide (CuO) and Ferrous Oxide (Fe2O3) Solution Combustion Method was used. Spin coating method was used to prepare hydrophobic surfaces. ZnO, CuO and Fe2O3 was mixed separately with Polystyrene (PS) and THF solution then magnetically stirred to get uniform dispersion of particles and heated to form gel. This gel was further spin coated on to the glass substrate to form ZnO/PS, CuO/PS and Fe2O3/PS thin films. Synthesized films were measured for Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Sliding Angle (SA) and further characterized for Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). P-XRD of nanoparticles showed the hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure, monoclinic CuO structure and cubic Fe2O3 structure with crystallite size of 12.5, 14.59 and 12.88 nm. Water Contact Angle for ZnO/PS, CuO/PS and Fe2O3/PS films was found to be 101.77°, 96.48°and 93.97° and Sliding Angle was found to be 24.23°, 25.24°and 27.53°. EDX analysis showed that presence of 0.18 wt % Zinc, 0.07 wt% Copper, 0.13 wt% Iron, 1.22 wt % Oxygen, 98.43 wt% carbon and 0.24 wt% Silica contents on the surfaces. SEM micrograph of ZnO/PS, CuO/PS and Fe2O3 /PS films showed the nanoparticles have been uniformly dispersed in the PS matrix and particle size was found to be 24, 27 and 28 nm.
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Aanen, Duur K., and Jacobus J. Boomsma. "Evolutionary Dynamics of the Mutualistic Symbiosis between Fungus-Growing Termites and Termitomyces Fungi." In Insect-Fungal Associations Ecology and Evolution, 191–210. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195166521.003.0008.

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Abstract Colonies offungus-growing termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) are among the most spectacular organismal phenomena in the world. One of the best-known species offungus-growing termites is Macrotermes bellicosus. A queen of this species (fig. 8.1) can lay up to 40,000 eggs per day, and a mature colony, normally founded by a single queen and king, consists of millions of sterile individuals, the workers and soldiers. Macrotennes bellicosus builds mounds that can be up to 7 m tall (fig. 8.2; Korb 1997). This species and all fungus-growing termites live in an obligate symbiosis with basidiomycete fungi of the genus Tennitomyces. The volume of the fungus garden of a live colony of M. bellicosus has been estimated to encompass several cubic meters. This chapter summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the major macroevolutionary developments that have shaped the symbiosis between the fungus-growing termites and their fungal symbionts and places these changes in an ecological context.
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Pinchuk, Nataliia. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF PVD COATINGS TIN, TI/TIN AND TIN-MON." In The scientific paradigm in the context of technological development and social change. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-297-5-19.

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Nanocomposite coatings represent a new generation of mate-rials and they consist of at least two phases with a nanocrystalline and/or amorphous structure. They have a lot of unique properties, the appear-ance of which is associated with a high volume fraction of phase boundar-ies, with the strength of these boundaries, with the absence of dislocations inside crystals. The purpose of the paper analysis of the reasons for the observed changes, based on the mechanism of formation of surface lay-ers of vacuum-arc coatings under the condition of implantation processes stimulated by applying a negative potential to the substrate. Methodology. All samples were obtained using modern coating methods on a modernized "Bulat-6" installation. Cross section imagines were carried out by meth-ods of optical, electron microscopy. Structure of the samples was studied using a "DRON-3M" instrument in Cu-Kα radiation. Separation of diffrac-tion profiles was carried out using the "New profile". Mechanical tests of materials were performed in the mode of microindentation. Results. At all schemes of deposition of TiN coatings, a single-phase state with an fcc lattice is formed. As the displacement potential increases, a transition from [100] to [111] texture is observed. In multilayer nanostructured TiN/Ti coat-ings, a texture develops in titanium nitride layers with a thickness of 300 nm or more when a displacement potential is applied [111]. The thickness of the Ti layers of more than 30 nm is sufficient for the development of the stress-strain state in the TiN layers without their significant relaxation. When the displacement potential increases, the macrostress of the compression in the titanium nitride layers of TiN increases. It was established that epitaxial growth of isostructural cubic modifications of titanium nitride and molybdenum nitride without the formation of a two-phase state is possible with a small thickness of layers in the TiN-Mo2N multilayer system (≈2 nm). At a greater thickness, a two-phase material is formed, where the second phase is high-temperature molybdenum nitride γ-Mo2N with a cubic lattice, which is isostructural to titanium nitride. Practical implications. The final properties of nanocrystalline coatings such as the size and orientation of the grains, the structure strongly depend on the technological parameters of deposition – ion bombardment, shear potential, temperature of the sub-strate, flow density and energy of the precipitating ions, therefore, in order to achieve the desired results in each specific case, it is necessary to strive for optimization of the process deposition of coatings. Value/originality. A possible mechanism for the formation of micro- and nanostructured lay-ered condensates under conditions of continuous influence of condensation of accelerated particles of the deposited flow is proposed. At the same time, the surface is subject to bombardment, which is based on radiation-stim-ulated processes of redistribution of elements of the deposited flow and structural defects of the coating material that is formed.
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"phenols from piggeries. The total amounts are given in addition to the amounts of butyric acid and p-cresol which are both known as intensively smelling compounds. The recognition odour threshold values of these two components are included, as well. Under the assumption of a dust concentration of 10 mg/m3 (7) one cubic meter of air from a pig house contains 6.27 pg dust-borne VFA and 2.76 |j g dust-borne phenol ic/i ndol i c compounds; 62.7 mg VFA and 27.6 mg phenolic/indolic compounds are emitted from a 500 pig fattening unit per hour at a medium ventilation rate of 20m3/70kg pig-h. When comparing the dust-borne concentrations of butyric acid and p-cresol with the odour thresholds it seems that the concentrations are too small to be relevant for an odour nui­ sance. However, if the dust is removed from the gas phase of the air from animal houses the odour disappears ( 39),(40) ,(14). This supports the opinion of HAMMOND et al. (40) that the odor is concentrated on the dust particles. The authors conclude from their data that the concentration^ of the two odorants bu­ tyric acid and p-cresol is about 4 • 10 greater on an aerosol particle than it is in an equal volume of air. Thus, an aero­ sol particle deposited on the olfactory organ carries odour equivalent to a much greater volume of air (40). These consid­ erations indicate that dust from animal houses should be taken into account in connection with odour emission/immission meas­ urements not only by chemical analysis but by sensory evalua­ tions using olfactometers without dustfilters, as well. 5. CONTROL OF DUST-BORNE ODOURS There are basically two ways of controlling dust-borne odours. An effective way seems to be the filtration of the air to remove the dust (41). VAN GEELEN (14) reports on the reduc­ tion of the odour emission from a broiler house with 15.000 animals of 65% by means of filter bags when filtering the ex­ haust air. However, the investments and running costs amounted to about DM 4.00 per 100 birds per year. The second way is to avoid the dust release in the animal house as far as possible. The following possibilities are recommended: - feeding intervals, no self-feeding (17) - pellets instead of meal feed - wet feeding instead of dry feeding (25) - vacuum cleaning, fogging and showering (22) A reduction of the dust content in the air of animal con­ finements bare not only the chance to diminish the odour emis­ sion from the animal houses but can have a positive influence on the animals' health and performance, as well. Acknowledgement The author wants to express his thanks to Dr. W.Heidmann, Chem-mical Institute for his help in preparing Table IV, Dr.G.Klink-mann for revising the English text, Mr. K.H. Linkert for doing the drawing, and Mrs. U. Arzt for typing the manuscript." In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 338. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-132.

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Conference papers on the topic "Volume (Cubic content)"

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Mineiro, Ricardo, J. Rodrigues, C. M. Fernandes, D. Figueiredo, B. Ferrari, A. J. Sanchez-Herencia, and A. M. R. Senos. "Development of Low PcBN Composites by SPS." In Euro Powder Metallurgy 2023 Congress & Exhibition. EPMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59499/ep235765022.

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Cubic boron nitride (cBN) is normally used as the hardest phase of composites, together with ceramic and/or metallic matrixes, to form PcBN (Polycrystalline cubic Boron Nitride) materials applied in machining and finishing operations. While high PcBN (70–90 vol% cBN) is only produced by HPHT (High Pressure High Temperature) techniques, low PcBN (40–70 vol% cBN) can also be consolidated by SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering) since higher volume of binders are present. In this work, a cBN micrometer powder is combined with TiCN and Ni to produce composites with hard matrix phases, predicted by the calculated phase diagram. The SPS technique is used for the thermal consolidation of different PcBN compositions with a varied content of Ni, up to 15 vol%. A structural and microstructural characterization of the PcBN composites was performed for different compositions and maximum SPS temperatures.
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Wan Bakar, Wan Zairani, Nur Shuhadah Japperi, Zulhelmi Amir, Arina Sauki, and Mohd Fazril Irfan Ahmad Fuad. "Landfill Gas Resource Assessment - An Adaptation from Oil and Gas Exploration Technique." In 5th International Conference on Global Sustainability and Chemical Engineering 2021 (ICGSCE2021). Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-63x8p0.

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Landfill Gas (LFG) composed of approximately 50% methane and 50% carbon dioxide is known as one of the Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) that could pollute the environment and contribute to the global warming. In the conventional approach, volume of methane is approximated from its emission using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 First-order Decay (FOD) model. This model has been formalized as a USEPA landfill gas emission model (LandGEM) in 2005 and IPCC Waste Model in 2006. LandGEM is a Microsoft Excel based software application that uses a first-order decay rate equation to calculate methane and LFG generation. It is the most widely used LFG model and is the industry standard. However, the software requires a number of parameters estimates such as organic content, disposal data and rates, site closure dates, expansion schedules or collection efficiencies and knowledge of waste composition. Inaccuracies in the estimates can result in large errors in predicting future recovery, which could affect the production system. This research evaluate the potential of deploying the volumetric estimation technique in oil and gas exploration to locate methane accumulation location and estimate the volume prior to its emission to the atmosphere on the Air Hitam Landfill as the case study. The gross rock volume is an approximation of the total area covered by the landfill, while porosity and water saturation are simulated estimations. The result gives an approximation of 1.65 billion standard cubic feet (BSCF) of LFG in-place that could generate 25,948 tonnes of methane worth RM6 to RM8 millions of carbon credit and RM55 millions of revenues from electricity sale.
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Huang, Yong, and Steven Y. Liang. "CBN Tool Wear Modeling in Finish Hard Turning." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42165.

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The cubic boron nitride (CBN) cutting tools are commonly used for single point turning of hardened materials. The wear behavior and tool life of CBN cutters are important issues in order for hard turning to be a viable technology in view of the high cost of CBN cutting tools and the cost of down-time for tool change. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology to model the rate of CBN tool wear on both the flank and rake faces. The model can serve both as a basis to guide the design of CBN tool geometry and to optimize cutting parameters in finish hard turning. First, the kinematics, stress distribution, and temperature variation on the tool flank and rake faces are formulated. Subsequently, the wear volume loss is modeled as functions of cutting temperature, stress, and other process information based on the consideration of main wear mechanisms of abrasion, adhesion, and diffusion. Then, flank/crater wear rates are predicted in terms of tool/work material properties and cutting configuration. Finally, based on the calibrated wear coefficients in independent tests, the proposed models are experimentally validated in finish turning hardened 52100 bearing steel using a low CBN content insert. The model predictions agree with the measurements in terms of the behavior of stable growths of wear land and crater. The adhesion is found to be the dominating wear mechanism over the range of cutting parameters examined.
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Mustafa, M. Azlan, Siti Syareena M Ali, M. Hamzi Yakup, and Chee Phuat Tan. "CO2 Storage Assessment in a Malaysian Depleted Carbonate Reservoir With 2-Way Fully Coupled Dynamic-Geomechanics Modeling for Safe Long-Term Storage." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31414-ms.

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Abstract This paper describes the study of the first field in Malaysia for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) deployment by PETRONAS. PETRONAS has the ambition to make Malaysia a regional carbon storage hub and with that in mind, has the strategic plan for CCS deployment across the depleted gas fields in Malaysia with an estimate of 46 trillion cubic feet of storage volume in total. Sarawak Basin, Malaysia has a large numbers of hydrocarbon fields with high CO2 content which are yet to be developed. CCS is required for developing these high CO2 fields to be in line with net zero carbon direction of PETRONAS. After initial screening and risk management assessment, some of the depleted carbonate fields in the region are considered for the next phase of study related to the deployment of CO2 storage. The field discussed in this paper is believed to have common strong aquifer with neighbouring fields and has a highly heterogeneous reservoir. It also has anumber of extensive and localized baffles/barriers together with highly karstified areas, resulting in significant variations of reservoir characteristics and hence, dramatically affect the flow behaviour in the reservoir, in terms of pressure and water breakthrough. With its high porosity and permeability properties, high compaction and subsidence resulted from pore collapse phenomenon was observed in the reservoir and seabed, respectively. These behaviours need to be captured accurately during the CCS assessment for a reliable estimation of hydrocarbon in place, hydrocarbon interval and aquifer pressures, reservoir compaction, seabed subsidence and hence, the CO2 storage capacity. Dynamic reservoir simulation coupled with geomechanical modelling was used in the study to accurately predict the reservoir and overburden behaviours in the complex reservoir which was necessary for the CO2 storage capacity assessment. In the 2-way fully coupled dynamic-geomechanics modelling, geomechanical analysis is conducted to evaluate the field behaviour including reservoir compaction, seabed subsidence, fault stability and caprock integrity. With the change in the pressure and temperature, either by production or injection, the reservoir stress will change with associated deformation which in turn change the porosity and permeability which will subsequently impact the new pressure distribution and corresponding compaction and subsidence. In addition, the stress changes could result in fault reactivation and caprock integrity breach. Due to the interaction, the stress state was[WT1] updated by coupling the effects of geomechanics on reservoir simulation, so that the compaction and stress changes in the field can be honoured to accurately match the seabed subsidence and reservoir pressure distribution. These enable robust prediction of the storage capacity of the reservoir as well as field integrity. The 2-way fully coupled dynamic-geomechanics study results drive key decisions in the planning of the CCS strategy development and provide answers related to caprock integrity, fault stability, reservoir injection pressure upper limit, storage capacity, long term fluid containment and monitoring program to mitigate potential geological leakage in the long term. The results of this pioneering CCS study which is the first of its kind in Malaysia are presented and discussed.
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Grigoryev, Y., and H. F. Hashim. "Pipelines or LNG: What is the Future Transport of Choice?" In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10008.

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As worldwide demand for natural gas continues to grow at an increasing rate and certain countries’ indigenous production is either in decline or simply unable to fill the shortfall, more attention is being given to importing gas from the few remaining major exporters. The UK has recently become a net importer of gas, and the US is expected to import as much as 5 trillion cubic feet of gas by 2020, the question that arises is what will be the primary method of delivery in the future? Can LNG alone fill any shortfalls and make interregional pipelines obsolete or will pipelines provide enough volume to stall LNG production? Issues of safety and high capital costs are principle reasons why some projects avoid LNG technology. This paper looks at when LNG may be preferable, and when pipelines are the better method of transport in the context of economics and policy.
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Luret, G., T. Me´nard, J. Re´veillon, A. Berlemont, and F. X. Demoulin. "DNS Study of Collision and Coalescence Over a Wide Range of Volume Fraction." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30701.

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Among the different processes that play a role during the atomization process, collisions are addressed in this work. Collisions can be very important in dense two-phase flows. Recently, the Eulerian Lagrangian Spray Atomization (ELSA) model has been developed. It represents the atomization by taking into account the dense zone of the spray. Thus in this context, collisions modeling are of the utmost importance. In this model results of collisions are controlled by the value of an equilibrium Weber number, We*. It is defined as the ratio between the kinetic energy to the surface energy. Such a value of We* has been studied in the past using Lagrangian collision models with various complexity. These models are based on analysis of collisions between droplets that have surface at rest. This ideal situation can be obtained only if droplet agitation created during a collision has enough time to vanish before the next collision. For a spray, this requirement is not always fulfill depending for instance on the mean liquid volume fraction. If there is not enough time, collisions will occur between agitated droplets changing the issue of the collision with respect to the ideal case. To study this effect, a DNS simulation with a stationary turbulence levels has been conducted for different liquid volume fractions in a cubic box with periodic condition in all directions. For liquid volume fraction close to zero the spray is diluted and collisions between spherical droplets can be identified. For a volume fraction close to one, collisions between bubbles are found. For a middle value of the volume fraction no discrete phase can be observed, instead a strong interaction between both liquid and gas phases is taking place. In all this case the equilibrium value of the Weber number We* can be determined. First propositions to determine We* as a function of the kinetic energy, density ratio, surface tension coefficient and the volume fraction will be proposed.
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Sarvaramini, Erfan, and Maurice Dusseault. "Characterizing a Complex Induced Fracture Network: A Case Study of a Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test in the Heterogeneous Overpressured Montney Formation." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208937-ms.

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Abstract This study provides new insights into hydraulic fracture growth during a Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test (DFIT) in the presence of mechanical heterogeneity in the overpressured Montney Formation in British Columbia. A novel continuum non-local poro-elastic-plastic model of a Stimulated Rock Volume (SRV) developed in the context of the Finite Element Method is used for analysis. It is shown that DFITs in the Montney Formation can generate substantial fracture network complexity. We provide insights on potential complex fracturing patterns and distributions at the well spacing scale. Additionally, the SRV tends to span and extend several meters away on each side of the induced fracture plane. We quantify the fracture tortuosity factor which appears to deviate significantly from unity, as in the cubic law. It is further demonstrated that the aperture within the SRV can significantly drop after shut-in before it reverts and begin to heal mechanically. We show that the onset of the aperture self-healing coincides with the time when the pressure during the fall-off period becomes equal to the final effective ISIP.
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Cao, Wen, and Rami M. Younis. "Formation Fracturing by High-Energy Impulsive Mechanical Loading." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212174-ms.

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Abstract Recent technological advances to trigger high-energy seismic waves from within the wellbore have spurred interest in their application to induce fracturing. While a considerable body of recent experiments at the bench scale (on the order of 1 cubic foot) show promise, there remains considerable uncertainty in how the process scales. This work characterizes the scaling relationships between the extent and intensity of fracturing stimulation and stress-wave characteristics. Our approach leverages direct numerical simulation of the elastodynamic equations accounting for nonlinear fracture mechanics. We apply a hybrid Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM) where cohesive (elasto-plastic) laws hold mesh elements together until complete failure. Beyond failure, elements act as deformable free bodies that can interact via contact constraints. An infinite domain is modeled with a spherical inclusion within which an impulsive load is imposed. The dynamic load models a rise time to a peak pressure, followed by a decay period, and all occurring within micro- to milliseconds. The model is validated with experimental observations at the bench scale after mesh-refinement verification. Finally, the model is used to explore the dimensionless parameter space by varying loading characteristics (rise time, peak pressure, and impulse) to reveal the stimulated damaged bulk volume and the crack intensity within it. At the bench scale, the model reproduces a nearly linear trend between damage radius and peak stress. Beyond that, however, the model predicts that this scaling slows considerably to a fractional power law between the damaged radius and the peak stress. This limitation is coincident with a geometric increase in the intensity of damage within the stimulated volume.
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Vidmar, Robert J. "Converting Moist Air Into Water and Power." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60032.

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A method to process moist air into dry air and water results in a surplus of energy for the process. The sun evaporates water everywhere on earth and expends 2.26 MJ/kg (429.9 Btu/lbm) for each kg (2.204 lbm) of water evaporated. A mass of 1 kg (2.204 lbm) of water with a mixing ratio of 0.3% in dry air represents 2.26 MJ (199 Btu) of latent heat energy distributed in a volume of approximately 333 cubic meters (11,759 cubic feet). A system is described by which ambient water vapor is enriched, condensed with the release of latent heat in a heat-exchange boiler, which vaporizes a working fluid used in a Rankine-cycle turbine generator system. Water vapor enrichment is achieved with a vapor-separation barrier. Fans draw moist air through an air-intake system which brings the air into contact with a large surface-area vapor-separation barrier. The intake of a compressor imposes a vacuum on the extraction side of the barrier at a pressure that is lower than the ambient water-vapor pressure. This pressure difference drives water vapor across the barrier into the compressor. A two-stage compressor is used to maintain the low pressure and convey water vapor at high temperature and near atmospheric pressure to a heat-exchange boiler. Two processes occur in the heat-exchange boiler: 1) water vapor condenses and is pumped out of the boiler, and 2) heat is transferred to a working fluid that vaporizes. The vaporized working fluid drives a turbine in a Rankine cycle with condenser. Exhaust heat from the turbine is dissipated with a water-cooled condenser. An air-cooled rock-bed system is suggested as an alternative, when water cooling is not possible. Current advances in materials, the efficiency of turbomachinery, and the effectiveness of heat exchangers suggest that a system can be conceived that is completely fueled by moist air and produces water and excess shaft horsepower that can be converted into electricity. The analysis treats turbomachinery and heat exchangers as ideal components constrained by the Carnot and isentropic efficiencies. Pumps and fans are treated as components with state-of-the-art efficiency. System computations for an ideal 100% efficient system indicate that approximately 25% of the latent heat can be converted to electricity. For a system made with contemporary state-of-the art components a yield of a few percent is predicted. Principles of operation and engineering details are quantified.
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Mogensen, K., C. Mata, S. Samajpati, P. Cremades, J. E. L. Uribe, and M. Al Zaabi. "Digital Solution for Well Surveillance in Stacked Reservoirs with Near-Critical Fluid Systems." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-23912-ms.

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Abstract:
Abstract Fully compositional integrated asset models (FC-IAM) are being deployed for an increasing number of fields in the company's portfolio. Field A described in this work comprises four stacked reservoirs, each containing a near-critical fluid system with significant compositional depth gradient. Augmenting the FC-IAM with high-frequency sensor data as well as proprietary tools to actively monitor well performance helps identify and pursue opportunities to maximize the oil production rate from the field, subject to several system constraints. Fluid properties were modelled with a cubic equation of state tuned to laboratory data to address some key challenges: Near-critical fluid systems giving rise to compositional variation versus depth.Injection of produced gas that develops multi-contact miscibility with the original reservoir fluids.Blending of fluids at surface from four stacked reservoirs.Operational requirement to maintain the bottom-hole pressure above saturation pressure.Validation of raw well test data before shrinkage correction (line conditions). Compositional surface network models are run automatically on hourly basis and compared against real-time data. A surveillance algorithm identifies opportunities and assigns them to well owners. Activities are managed through a high-level tracking and value-capture system. The asset team is consistently maintaining the well and surface network models assisted by the digital solution. The surveillance automation engine creates a feedback loop with the engineers which ensures that the models are of sufficient quality for production optimization. Models reproduce the actual oil and gas produced rates within the accepted accuracy range and are used routinely in optimization scenarios. The surface network model is also run in transient mode to study and optimize flow in two large subsea multiphase pipelines. Total value generation from implementation of the complete framework therefore exceeds expectation based on the steady-state production gain. The intangible value associated to reducing engineers’ workload, better data accessibility, HS&E and efficiency of operations has set a strong foundation for the strategy of the company to grow its enterprise value through increased volume and cost reduction. Implementation of a compositional model framework is still uncommon as most integrated asset models rely on a black-oil formulation for the fluid property description. Near-critical fluid systems undergoing miscible gas injection add an additional layer of complexity in terms of modeling and surveillance efforts. Real-time data have proven indispensable for keeping the IAM up to date and for identifying opportunities for optimizing the production.
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