Relevant bibliographies by topics / Water Irrigation laws

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Academic literature on the topic 'Water Irrigation laws'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Water Irrigation laws"

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Benin, Dmitry, and Vera Snezhko. "Water flow regulator for irrigation canals." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403038.

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A distinctive feature of the irrigated systems of the Russian Federation is a large area of irrigated areas and a significant length of irrigation canals. With a large area of the irrigated massif on small canals, the use of electricity to regulate the throughput of network hydraulic structures is economically ineffective. Preference is given to means of hydraulic automation of water supply. Regulation of the throughput of a hydraulic structure is based on the laws of fluid flow within it. On irrigation canals in Russia, as in world practice, water-operated gates are widely used. One of the disadvantages of such gates is moving metal parts and sensors, which reduce the operational reliability of structures. A new regulator of throughput is proposed, the action of which is based on the injection effect. Compression of the flow by physical elements was replaced by the circulation of surplus water supply between the outlet section of the water supply structure and the downstream. The regulator is built into the pressure drop between the high and low order channels. Regulating the throughput of the tubular water outlet automatically begins after shutting down one or more sprinklers that take water from the lower order canal. After turning the sprinklers into operation, the regulator automatically restores the original throughput. Using the theory of jet pumps, a new method has been developed for the theoretical determination of the main hydraulic characteristics of the regulator. These include the size of the nozzle and the velocities of the injection and injection streams. The derivation of theoretical dependencies was based on the classical equations of fluid mechanics; the flow within the structure was considered quasi-one-dimensional. The obtained calculated dependencies were verified using numerical and physical modeling. The data of the physical and numerical experiment were in good agreement with the theoretical dependences. Further optimization of the controller can be performed by changing its geometric parameters.
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Polenov, Dmitry. "Automated pipeline design algorithm with adaptive irrigation of agricultural facilities." E3S Web of Conferences 193 (2020): 01072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019301072.

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In this paper are addressed necessary steps to create a costeffective pipeline system for plant irrigation. Particularly, focuses on properties of hydraulic dependencies, graph theory, plant productivity laws, which gives some information to design pipeline system. An algorithm for automated pipeline design. An important advantage of this algorithm is that possibility of changing the amount of irrigation due to the introduction of artificial intelligence in the water supply management system.
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Yami, Mastewal. "Sustaining participation in irrigation systems of Ethiopia: what have we learned about water user associations?" Water Policy 15, no. 6 (July 12, 2013): 961–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.031.

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Community participation, defined as engaging users of schemes in the decision-making processes for the planning and implementation of irrigation projects, is critical for the sustainability of irrigation schemes. This study was carried out in three regional states of Ethiopia to investigate the contribution of water user associations (WUAs) to sustaining participation in irrigation projects. The paper demonstrates that the poor understanding of community participation and institutional development by project staff in donor-supported irrigation projects results in the poor performance of WUAs in enhancing participation in irrigation systems. The interventions of external bodies in setting up the WUA by-laws and in determining the responsibilities of users and WUA committees contributed to the low level of participation. The transfer of schemes to WUAs without building WUA committees' abilities in operation and maintenance constrained their ability to sustainably manage irrigation schemes. The WUA committees are male-dominated and the views of women are hardly represented in the decision making. Therefore, establishing WUA committees that reflect the interests and inputs of scheme users is crucial to achieve fair decision making. Local authorities and non-governmental organizations could do more to change perceptions and behaviour to reflect the importance of gender equity in sustaining the positive outcomes of irrigation at household and community levels.
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Finger, Robert, and Niklaus Lehmann. "Policy reforms to promote efficient and sustainable water use in Swiss agriculture." Water Policy 14, no. 5 (May 17, 2012): 887–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2012.152.

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The more sustainable use of scarce water resources is a policy goal in several countries. In this regard, current discussions on potential policy reforms in Switzerland revolve around the subsidization of water-saving irrigation technologies. Today, the share of drip irrigation systems is low, at 3%. In Switzerland, environmental laws specify levels of water flow that must not be undercut. Variable pricing of water, however, has not yet been used. This paper analyzes whether subsidies on water-saving irrigation techniques would be beneficial in this legislative setting, and shows that such subsidies may have crowding out effects because they could provide incentives to switch from non-irrigated crops (e.g. wheat) to the production of crops (e.g. potatoes) that require irrigation. This may result in even higher water withdrawal rates. Such an increased competition for water resources may also result in adverse conditions for farmers. By contrast, our analysis shows the implementation of water prices could lead to a sustainable increase in the share of water-saving technologies, to a shift from irrigated to non-irrigated crops, and therefore to a reduction of overall water use in agriculture. Thus, the introduction of water prices should have absolute priority if agricultural water policies are reformed in Switzerland.
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Mirás-Avalos, José Manuel, Emiliano Trigo-Córdoba, Rosane da Silva-Dias, Irene Varela-Vila, and Aitor García-Tomillo. "Multifractal behaviour of the soil water content of a vineyard in northwest Spain during two growing seasons." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 23, no. 4 (August 2, 2016): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-205-2016.

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Abstract. Soil processes are characterized by a great degree of heterogeneity, which may be assessed by scaling properties. The aims of the current study were to describe the dynamics of soil water content at three depths in a vineyard under rain-fed and irrigation conditions and to assess the multifractality of these time data series. Frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors were used for automatically monitoring soil water content in a vineyard located in Leiro (Ourense, northwest Spain). Data were registered at 30 min intervals at three depths (20, 40, and 60 cm) between 14 June and 26 August 2011 and 2012. Two treatments were considered: rain-fed and irrigation to 50 % crop evapotranspiration. Soil water content data series obeyed power laws and tended to behave as multifractals. Values for entropy (D1) and correlation (D2) dimensions were lower in the series from the irrigation treatment. The Hölder exponent of order zero (α0) was similar between treatments; however, the widths of the singularity spectra, f(α), were greater under irrigation conditions. Multifractality indices slightly decreased with depth. These results suggest that singularity and Rényi spectra were useful for characterizing the time variability of soil water content, distinguishing patterns among series registered under rain-fed and irrigation treatments.
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Torres, Cássia Juliana Fernandes, Camilla Hellen Peixoto de Lima, Andrea Sousa Fontes, Daniel Veras Ribeiro, Ícaro Thiago Andrade Moreira, and Yvonilde Dantas Pinto Medeiros. "A method for classifying interrelation between sectoral regulatory laws and the ‘water-energy-agriculture nexus concept’ in Brazil." Water Supply 21, no. 5 (February 8, 2021): 2158–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.036.

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Abstract We propose a method to classify the level of interrelation between the water, energy and agriculture sectoral regulatory laws and selected main characteristics of the nexus concept. This method was created to be applied with sectoral regulatory laws so a study case was conducted in Brazil. The results show that all analysed legislations have low to medium interrelation with the criteria intrinsic to the nexus concept; the policies that stood out the most, regarding the number of criteria present in their scopes, were the national irrigation policy and the desertification policy; and in order to operationalize the nexus concept in management models in the Brazilian context, adjustments and a restructuring of regulatory laws are necessary. The proposed method was able to investigate the interrelation between regulatory legislations with the characteristics of the nexus concept as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
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Weber, Edward P. "Integrated Hydro-Irrigation-Restoration Systems: Resolving a Wicked Problem in the Whychus Creek Watershed (Oregon, USA)." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n2p104.

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There is an emerging problem of water scarcity associated with the water-energy nexus that has become even more complicated, and more acute, in many rural, irrigation-dependent farming and ranching communities in arid and semi-arid regions of the western U.S. and Canada. The combination of environmental laws, growing populations, increasing demand and higher costs for energy, globalized competition for agricultural commodities, and the spectre of climate change creates a wicked problem that challenges the efficacy of traditional water rights and water delivery systems, as well as the long-term sustainability of the resource-oriented communities and ecosystems involved. How might this wicked problem be resolved such that we simultaneously have more water for streams (ecological health) and growing populations, fewer fish passage obstructions, improved economic viability for working rural landscapes, more carbon free energy, adequate water quality, and improved reliability in water delivery for all water rights holders, while respecting and keeping existing water rights intact? This research analyzes the case of the Whychus Creek watershed in Oregon (USA), where an inclusive set of stakeholders collaboratively transformed the traditional irrigation system into an integrated hydro-irrigation-restoration system more fully responsive to the many different facets of the wicked problem associated with the water-energy nexus.
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Sun, Wen Hao, Ying Xiang Jiang, and Xia Li. "Research of the Evaluation on Heavy-Metal Pollution in Rice by Sewage Irrigation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1594.

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This paper took the SongSan wastewater irrigation district of Liaoning Province, Anshan city as object of study. Base on the survey on the sewage irrigation situation, heavy metal concentration in rice grain and drinking water were measured through single pollution index evaluation and comprehensive pollution index evaluation (Nemerow index method). It could be served as the basis for environmental management and relevant laws and regulations. Experimental results showed that drinking water were not polluted by heavy mental. Sewage irrigation had a comparatively small impact on drinking water. According to the heavy mental determination results of grain crop seeds, it can conclude that the Cu and Pb content were above the national food quality standard. The pollution is serious, however, the content of Zn and Cd were below or close to the national food quality standard, which is in danger of exceeding the standard. Determined by comprehensive pollution index, it showed that the rice in the whole sewage irrigation is serious polluted by heavy mental. The heavy metal pollution presented the characteristics of extensive area-source pollution. Pollution intensity was strengthened and more difficult to be managed.
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Montesinos, Pilar, Emilio Camacho, and Serafin Alvarez. "Application of genetic algorithms for optimal seasonal furrow irrigation." Journal of Hydroinformatics 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2002.0016.

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A quasi-optimum irrigation season calendar based on economic profit maximization for sloping and runoff-free furrows can be obtained by OPTIMEC (EConomic OPTIMization, in Spanish), a seasonal furrow irrigation model based on the concept of comprehensive irrigation. The model features four components: a soil moisture model, an irrigation hydraulic model, a crop yield model and an economic optimization module. This module uses a Genetic Algorithm (GA), a heuristic technique based on the laws of natural selection, to maximize farmer profit. The GA is a suitable technique to solve the problem of profit maximization due to the difficulties inherent in traditional optimization procedures, which require an explicit function relating flow rate, water depth and profit. For its practical application the model has been implemented in a Visual Basic program. A real case is analysed to compare the irrigation season scheduling using traditional criteria (event by event scheduling) and optimization-based criteria.
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Li, Xiu Ping, Yan Ying Huang, Ning Tao Li, Chen Wen, and He Xu. "Sustainable Water Management on Reclaimed Water Use - A Case of Tianjin." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3517.

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Tianjin, due to its severe shortage and inefficient use of water resource, is now facing many problems such as land substance, pollutions of wastewater irrigation etc., which will restrict its sustainable development of social economy. As a newly, useful, and potential unconventional water resource, reclaimed water can be used broadly to improve the unsatisfied situation of water utilization in Tianjin. In this paper, based on an analysis of the status of present reclaimed water use project and associated plans of future reclaimed water utilization, the authors gave a detailed discuss on the existed problem of reclaimed water use, and then put forward some relative suggestions and recommendations about the sustainable management of reclaimed water utilization in Tianjin, such as management mechanism, reclaimed water price and economic stimulating mechanism, constructions of infrastructure, supporting of science and technology, laws and policies, and supervision system and public participation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Water Irrigation laws"

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Martin, Edward. "Como Medir el Flujo de Agua en los Canales de Riego a Cielo Abierto y en las Tuberias de Computeras (Spanish)." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/147016.

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8 pp.
az1329: Measuring Water Flow in Surface Irrigation Ditches and Gated Pipe Martin, E.C. 2000. Determining the Amount of Water Applied to a Field. Cooperative Extension Pub. No. AZ1157, Arizona Water Series No. 29. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. Martin, E.C. 1999. Measuring Water Flow and Rate on the Farm. Cooperative Extension Pub. No. AZ1130, Arizona Water Series No. 24. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
Measuring water is a critical part of any irrigation management system. This informational bulletin gives some simplistic methods of measuring flow rate in an open ditch and in gated pipe. Using the float method, dye tracers and velocity head meters, growers can get a quick estimate of the flow in their farm ditch. From this, an estimate of water applied or a set time can be determined. The bulletin also explains how a propeller meter works for gated pipe. Gated pipe is widely used through the state and in the West.
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Ozan, Lin Allen. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Irrigation Restrictions within Key Communities in Tampa, Florida." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3274.

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The City of Tampa, Florida has instituted water restrictions over the past decade that have been primarily aimed at mitigating non-essential usage of water resources by limiting domestic lawn irrigation. The mandatory restrictions are enforced by the issuance of citations to violators, which is intended to promote compliance and deter from subsequent violations. This thesis provides a thorough investigation of historical water restriction with relation to compliance in order to determine which factors might be related to high rates of water usage within key Tampa communities. The objectives are to: (1) develop a GIS data set that can be used to quantitatively map and analyze domestic water usage at the parcel level; (2) examine the relationships between domestic water usage and key environmental and recreational factors, such as rainfall, seasonality, and usage of swimming pools; and (3) map the enforcement of residential lawn irrigation policy non-compliance to determine spatial relationships within the communities and test the effectiveness of current enforcement practices. The key factor that provided the most significant relationship to water usage within the communities was the amount of average monthly rainfall, with each community's water consumption having a significant negative correlation with precipitation. Water usage increased in each examined community after transitioning to more stringent water usage restrictions, with cited restriction violators increasing usage to a greater magnitude than their uncited counterparts. This may primarily be attributed to contradictions between local policy and community binding directives.
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Razavi, Nasya S. "Uses and Customs in Bolivia: Impacts of the Irrigation Law on Access to Water in the Cochabamba Valley." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22890.

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Networks of indigenous irrigating farmers played an influential role in the Cochabamba Water War of 2000 that succeeded in ousting the major water company Bechtel from Bolivia and securing changes to the national legislation to recognize indigenous water rights. In their mobilization against privatization, the irrigators used a narrative grounded in the defense of their water rights and traditional uses and customs or usos y costumbres. Following the Water War, the irrigators effectively organized to have their traditional water rights recognized in the new Irrigation Law no. 2878, which was signed into law in 2004, and the Regulations, which came into effect in 2006. This paper critically examines the impacts of the Irrigation Law on access to water in the heavily farmed region of the Cochabamba Valley. It asks whether the social inequalities amongst farming communities, often exacerbated by usos y costumbres, are being reinforced through the law’s implementation. An analysis of the political processes of institutional change and the power dynamics in the rural water sector reveals that the configuration of power asymmetries formalized in the Irrigation Law maintains unequal access to water resources.
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Reuben, Thomas Nyanda. "Nutrient Contribution of the Shallow Unconfined Aquifer to Pineview Reservoir." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1482.

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Pineview Reservoir, near Utah's populous Wasatch Front, could play an important role in modulating water supply as water demands and water uses change in response to increasing population densities. The reservoir is currently mesotrophic but threatens to become eutrophic. Ground water in the shallow water table aquifer that surrounds the reservoir contributes a large proportion of the reservoir's inflows in summer and fall because most of the stream flow is diverted for irrigation. Ground water flow and its subsequent nutrient loading to the reservoir were studied from February 2010 through November 2011. The objectives were to: 1) characterize nutrient transport from the water table aquifer to the reservoir; 2) quantify and characterize the spatial variability of ground water flow and nutrient loading in a mountainous irrigated valley; and 3) estimate nitrate leaching to ground water from cropland, lawns and septic drain fields. The first objective was achieved by monitoring stream flows, and modeling ground water flow and nutrient loading towards Pineview Reservoir. Ground water from the water table aquifer contributed 22 percent and 2.6 percent nitrate + nitrite nitrogen and total dissolved phosphorus, respectively, to the annual reservoir loads. The aquifer contributed a total inflow of 3.4 x 106 m3 yr-1 (2 percent of the total inflows) to the reservoir. Large variations in both ground water nutrient concentrations (6 - 310 µg P L-1 as total dissolved phosphorus and 3.3 - 21 mg N L-1 as nitrate + nitrite) and ground water flows among aquifer subdivisions were observed. Study of the second objective employed GIS-based interpolation techniques in analyzing the spatial distribution of ground water flow and nutrient loading towards the reservoir. Large spatial variations in ground water flows and nutrient loadings were observed. The 67 percent confidence intervals (geometric mean ± 1 standard deviation) for total dissolved phosphorus ranged from 0.014 - 0.400 kg P d-1. Nitrate + nitrite nitrogen had a 67 percent confidence interval of 0.954 - 39.1 kg N d-1. The variations were attributed to agricultural and domestic non-point sources. Under the third objective, ground water nitrate loadings in the near-reservoir drainage area of the reservoir's major tributary, the South Fork of the Ogden River, were simulated in the GIS-based Nitrogen Loss and Environmental Assessment Package. Annual leaching rates (kg N ha-1 yr-1) from drain-fields and the lawns were, respectively, more than 2.6- and 1.1-fold higher than the croplands. However, differences in the spatial extent of contributing sources resulted in 70- and 50-fold higher total leaching losses from croplands and lawns, respectively, than drain-fields. The findings would help water managers, town planners, and stakeholders in their decisions relative to land use, water distribution and use to protect and/or improve water quality in the reservoir.
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Mendonça, Rafael Barcelos [UNESP]. "Aplicação de água residuária doméstica pelos métodos de aspersão e gotejamento subsuperficial na grama Esmeralda." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151964.

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Submitted by RAFAEL BARCELOS MENDONÇA null (rafael.irrigacao@gmail.com) on 2017-10-23T19:22:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Rafael Barcelos_FINAL_CORRIGIDO_Ficha e Certidão.pdf: 4852226 bytes, checksum: acef517d0d7b0c74de18292d5f9ed725 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-10-23T19:31:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mendonca_rb_me_bot.pdf: 4852226 bytes, checksum: acef517d0d7b0c74de18292d5f9ed725 (MD5)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A Zoysia japonica Steud, conhecida com grama esmeralda, é uma das principais gramas comercializadas no Brasil. Essa espécie apresenta boa capacidade de resistência à pisoteio sendo a espécie de grama da maioria dos gramados residenciais brasileiros. A utilização da irrigação para manutenção de gramados é um dos muitos gargalos no uso de água nas cidades. Uma opção para o suprimento de água e nutrientes da grama esmeralda é a utilização da água residuária doméstica, que é rica em nutrientes. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho estudar a lâmina mínima de água que preserve a qualidade visual do gramado, aplicada através dos métodos de irrigação por aspersão e gotejamento subsuperficial. O trabalho foi realizado no Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu – Unesp (Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”). O gramado foi estudado nos períodos do inverno e da primavera, com início em junho de 2016 e finalização em dezembro de 2016. O delineamento experimental adotado foi em blocos casualizados composto por 8 tratamentos e o controle, dispostos em parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em dois métodos de irrigação (aspersão e gotejamento subsuperficial – parcelas) e quatro lâminas de água residuária doméstica (50%, 100%, 150% e 200% da evapotranspiração média diária – subparcela) e o controle com água tratada fornecida pela Companhia de Saneamento – Sabesp de Botucatu/SP, repondo 100% da evapotranspiração média diária. Foram estudadas as seguintes características: concentração dos nutrientes no solo, massa seca das aparas, quantidade de nutrientes nas aparas, intensidade de cor verde, altura do gramado, tração do gramado, sistema radicular, e taxa de cobertura verde do gramado. Os resultados indicaram que através da aplicação de água residuária doméstica houve um aumento da massa de grama produzida, coloração verde, massa seca, altura e taxa de cobertura do gramado, para ambos os sistemas de irrigação, em vantagem o sistema de gotejamento por não conter contaminação excessiva no tecido vegetal por Escherichia coli.
The Zoysia japônica Steud, known as the emerald grass, is one of the most traded grass in Brazil. This specie show good capacity of trampling resistance being the grass specie from the major Brazilian residential lawns. The irrigation use for lawn maintenance is one of the many neck for water use in the cities. One option for water and nutrients supply of emerald grass is the use of domestic waste water, which is rich in nitrogen. This work aimed to study the minimum water line that preserves the lawn visual quality, applied through sprinkling and subsuperficial dribbling irrigation methods. The work was done at the Soil and Environmental resources department of the Agronomic Science College – UNESP (Sao Paulo state university “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”). The lawn was studied in winter and spring periods, initiating in june/2016 and ending in December/2016. The trail delineation adopted was randomized blocks composed by eight treatments and a control, disposed in subdivided parcels and four repetitions. The treatments consisted in two irrigation methods (sprinkling and subsuperficial dribbling – parcels) and four domestic waste water lines (50%, 100%, 150% and 200% of the daily mean evapotranspiration – subparcel) and the control with treated water supplied by the sanitation company – SABESP of Botucatu – SP, replacing 100% of the daily mean evapotranspiração. It was studied the following characteristics: soil nutrient concentration, shavings dry matter mass, shaving nutrient quantity, green color intensity, lawn height, lawn traction, radicular system, lawn green coverage rate. The results indicate that trough the domestic waste water application, there was an increase in produced lawn mass, green coloration, dry mass, lawn coverage height and rate for both the irrigation systems, leveraging the dribbling system. In dribbling irrigation method there was no excessive contamination in vegetal tissue by Escherichia coli.
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Matsui, Kenichi. "Reclaiming Indian waters : dams, irrigation, and Indian water rights in Western Canada, 1858-1930." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14806.

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Indian water rights regarding irrigation agriculture and the construction o f storage and hydroelectric dams took shape from the 1870s to the 1930s and largely determined economic activities on and near reserves and reservations in Western Canada and the American West respectively. Although historians recently have provided extensive studies of American cases, Indian water rights issues in Western Canada have gained scant attention. The present study focuses on this neglected part of the history placing particular emphasis on the interactive roles Native peoples, government officials, agricultural businesses, hydroelectric developers and homesteaders played in "reclaiming" aboriginal landscapes for irrigation and water storage or hydroelectric dam projects. I explore the jurisdictional debates over water rights that these projects generated. Recognizing the importance of inter-provincial and international contexts, the thesis examines the extent to which American reclamation laws and practices influenced Canadian policymakers, bureaucrats, and technocrats. It also focuses particular attention on the development of water laws and policies in British Columbia and Alberta to identify similarities and differences that subsequently affected Native peoples. I accomplish this by providing four case studies. I note that the differences between these two provinces with respect to the development of Indian water rights were particularly significant before 1930. A key reason was that the federal government held title to Crown lands in Alberta until the latter date, whereas British Columbia entered confederation holding that title. My dissertation demonstrates that the idea of Indian water rights emerged in the late-nineteenth-century from political and legal philosophies and practices of colonialism that attempted to transform the "primitive" Native populations into the mold of yeoman farmers. It was also shaped by modifications of the common law that sought to address the needs of industrialists, miners, and settlers who developed the semi-arid and arid North American west. The water rights regime that emerged was based on a perception o f this resource that was very different from the holistic one held by indigenous populations. I note that as the Native peoples increasingly relied on the agricultural economy in the early twentieth century, and as the competition with neighboring settlers for water intensified, the question o f the extent to which the Native peoples were entitled to water became the subject of serious political and legal wrangling. Native peoples demonstrated that they had a strong desire to maintain control over water at a local level by actively carrying out irrigation projects, protecting their own reclamation works from the obstruction of settlers, fighting against the construction of storage dams by neighboring ranchers, and by successfully negotiating the terms of agreements for surrendering reserve lands to facilitate on-reserve hydro-electric projects. My thesis closes with a reflection about how these historical events help us understand contemporary Indian water claims.
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Gillitt, Christopher Glen. "Efficiency implications of water markets in the lower Orange and Crocodile rivers, South Africa." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5496.

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Irrigation farmers in the Lower Orange (Kakamas and Boegoeberg) and Lower Crocodile rivers (between Nelspruit and Komatipoort) areas in South Africa were surveyed during October 2003 in order to study whether water marketing has promoted efficiency in water use. This study is a follow-up on research undertaken by Armitage (1999) in the Lower Orange River area and Bate et al. (1999) in the Lower Crocodile River area. Factors associated with future investment in irrigation farming were also studied in the Lower Orange River Irrigation Scheme. Econometric procedures used included principal component analysis, and logit and ridge regression. Results from the two areas will be discussed separately. Econometric results for the Lower Orange River farmers indicate that purchasers of water rights produce lucrative export grapes and horticultural crops with relatively less raisin, wine or juice grapes and less field crops; are more specialised in production (table grapes); have more livestock (probably liquidity factor) and have a less negative view of the five-year water license review period. The water market has facilitated a transfer of water use from relatively lower value crops to relatively higher value crops, and also promoted the use of more advanced irrigation technology. An investment model using Ridge Regression indicates that the following variables are associated with increased future investment in irrigation farming; higher expected profitability and lower levels of risk perception and risk aversion (Arrow/Pratt). Results confirm that farmers who are more risk averse are likely to invest less in the future as can be expected from theory. Policies that increase risk in agriculture will have a significant negative effect on future investment in irrigation. What is significant from the results is that irrigation farmers in the Lower Orange River area are highly risk averse (down-side). Results also show that farmers who feel that water licenses are not secure expect to invest less in the future. The latter effect is thus amplified, as farmers appear to be highly risk averse. This has important policy implications, and measures should be taken to improve the perceived security of water licenses. This could be achieved by keeping farmers more informed about the practical implications of the New Water Act (NWA) (Act 36 of1998) and, specifically, water licenses. In the Lower Crocodile River area, almost all the water trades (permanent and rentals) observed in this study were from farmers above the gorge to farmers below the gorge. It is concluded that in the transfer of water some attributes in the purchasing area such as lower production risk (sugar cane) and lower financial risk and better cash flow (bananas and sugar cane) were more important than the expected income per cubic meter of water. Water supply in this area is highly irregular, while sampled farmers were again found to be extremely risk averse especially as far as down-side risk is concerned. The average water price in this area in recent years (2002 to 2003) was between R2000 and R3000 per ha (l ha = 8000 cubic meters). Buyers have large farms and are progressive farmers that purchase (and rent) from many sellers (or lessors). It is concluded that information on water transfers (sale prices and rents) is asymmetrical. Few permanent transfers have taken place in the Crocodile River in recent years. It is concluded that there are reasons why transfers at present are not processed, such as excess demand for water (due to the irregular flow of the Crocodile River, and role players should discuss these reasons and possible solutions before further action is taken.
Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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Gêmo, Hélder R. "The role of irrigation policies in expanding irrigated food production in Mozambique." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10589.

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In recognition of the crucial role irrigation plays in stabilizing agriculture production in the face of erratic rainfall that often affects Mozambique, the Government has, since national independence in 1975, implemented several policies regarding irrigation development. Yet, the country is still struggling to expand the area equipped for food crop irrigation. In particular, the formulation and implementation of irrigation policies has faced constraints in the expansion and effective use of irrigated land to ensure increased food production. Despite this, there has not been a systematic effort to consistently document and identify constraints and enablers of irrigation policies and development in to support evidence-based policy dialogue and interventions. This study intends to fill this gap. It does this through an analytical historical trajectory of the irrigation subsector, paying particular attention to critical factors affecting the effectiveness of irrigation policies in contributing to the expansion and effective use of irrigated land to enhance agriculture’s contribution to food production and food security in Mozambique. A qualitative approach is employed in which a review of the existing literature and official documents, along with secondary data collection, is augmented with interviews of key informants and expert opinions. The analysis posits that the ability of irrigation policies to effectively contribute to an expansion and improvement of irrigated production can be enhanced through addressing issues of policy weaknesses, limited investment resources to expand irrigated land, inadequate public institutional support to the irrigation subsector, especially at field level, limited involvement of the private sector in irrigation, weak farmers’ organizations (FOs) and water users associations (WUAs) on irrigated land as well as weak information and knowledge generation and sharing among relevant stakeholders. These issues are particularly pertinent in light of the anticipated implementation of the 2010 Irrigation Strategy. The role, cooperation and partnerships among Government, private sector, FOs/WUAs and development partners need to be taken into account in the formulation and implementation of public irrigation policies. Overall, it is important to note that the success of irrigation depends critically on other agriculture sector-wide policies, suggesting that it is important to have a comprehensive agricultural development policy in place.
Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
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Higgins, Vanessa. "Landscaping and water use : a look at outdoor watering practices and water consumption in Sherwood Park, Alberta." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10170/659.

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Municipal water conservation programs often highlight water-wise landscaping as a method to reduce household water consumption. To determine if any relationships between landscaping and home water consumption exist in Strathcona County, Alberta, water consumption data for two neighbourhoods was collected. GIS mapping was used to compare these results with percentages of lawn and yard areas. Indoor and outdoor water use practices were explored through a door-to-door survey. Lawn size was found to have an impact on outdoor water consumption, per metre squared, with small lawns being the largest water users per area. No matter what vegetation is planted on the landscape, the size of yard also resulted in summer water use increases. Outside of programs to reduce lawn area, Strathcona County and other cold-climate communities could also look at behaviours such as frequency of watering and use of rain barrels to reduce summer water use.
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(6620417), Jada S. Powlen. "Strategies for Reducing Supplemental Irrigation of Cool-Season Lawns through Species Selection, Mowing Practices, and Irrigation Scheduling." Thesis, 2019.

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Water resources for outdoor areas, such as lawns and landscapes, continues to become limited in many urban areas, especially in times of acute drought stress. Lawn species selection and cultural practices, such as mowing height, can strongly influence overall seasonal water needs. While previous research has reported various lawn species water use rates and differences in the ability of some cultivars to maintain green coverage during acute drought stress, little is known regarding the irrigation requirements of cool-season lawn species when using a deficit irrigation strategy based on a green coverage target threshold (e.g. 60-80% green) approach. Two greenhouse studies were conducted to screen various candidate species and seed mixtures in a sandy media. The highest water use and worst appearance/green coverage was associated with an inexpensive commercial lawn mixture; and the lowest water use and best appearance was generally associated with improved Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.: KBG) cultivars. Field studies were conducted to quantify the irrigation requirements of drought susceptible (DS) and improved, drought tolerant (DT) KBG and tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.): TF] cultivars, blends and mixtures at two mowing heights (5.1 or 8.9 cm). Results from a 74-day field study using a deficit irrigation replacement approach with a 70% green coverage threshold (GCT70) irrigation trigger, demonstrated water savings of approximately 73 to 78% when using a DT TF (60.3 mm) as compared to 100% evapotranspiration (ET­o) replacement (223.4 mm) and a conventional lawn irrigation approach (268.5 mm), respectively. The time to reach the GCT70 generally ranked: TF=TF:KBG mixture>KBG and ranged from 18.0 days for DS ‘Right’ KBG and 52.5 days for DT ‘RainDance’ TF. Among TF and KBG cultivars using the GCT­70 irrigation approach, DT TF required 35 to 68% less supplemental irrigation compared to DT and DS KBG cultivars (92.1 vs. 187.3 mm), respectively. Within KBG cultivars, the DT ‘Desert Moon’ required one-half the irrigation of DS Right (92.1 vs. 187.3 mm), while there were no differences among TF cultivars for irrigation needs. Mowing height did not affect KBG irrigation needs, but TF at 5.1 cm showed increased visual quality and green coverage, and significantly reduced irrigation requirements. Field research also compared species mixtures and blends using DS and DT KBG and TF to determine the amount of a DT species/cultivar that would enhance drought performance with ratios ranging from 25-100% DT as well as 90:10 TF:KBG mixtures. The quantity of a DT KBG in a blend, and DT TF in a TF:KBG mixture reduced irrigation needs, whereas the drought rating of the KBG cultivar in a TF:KBG mixture had no significant effect. In summary, these studies continue to demonstrate that significant supplemental lawn irrigation savings can be achieved by the selection of superior DT species and cultivars combined with a deficit irrigation replacement approach compared to other cool-season species and conventional irrigation practices.
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Books on the topic "Water Irrigation laws"

1

Hodgson, Stephen. Legislation on water users' organizations: A comparative analysis. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003.

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The legal framework for water users' associations: A comparative study. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1997.

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Gerbrandy, Gerben. Aguas y acequias: Los derechos al agua y la gestión campesina de riego en los Andes bolivianos. Cochabamba, Bolivia: PEIRAV, 1998.

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The law of waters and water rights: International, national, state, municipal, and individual including irrigation, drainage, and municipal water supply. Clark, NJ: Lawbook Exchange, 2006.

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Boelens, Rutgerd. Agua y derecho: Políticas hídricas, derechos consuetudinarios e identidades locales. Edited by Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, WALIR (Organization), and Abya-Yala (Organization). Lima: IEP Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2006.

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Boelens, Rutgerd. Derecho consuetudinario campesino e intervención en el riego: Visiones divergentes sobre agua y derecho en los Andes. Quito: SNV-CESA, 1996.

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Rashīdī, Ḥamīd, 1965 or 6-, ed. Qānūn-i tawz̤īʻ-i ʻādilānah-i āb dar āyīnah-i ḥuqūq-i Īrān. [Tihrān]: Nashr-i Dādgustar, 2003.

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GOVERNMENT, US. Fisheries Restoration and Irrigation Mitigation Act of 2000. [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.

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Bolivia. Ley de riego: Ley de promoción y apoyo al sector riego para la producción agropecuaria y forestal : nuestra Ley de riego y sus reglamentos. [La Paz, Bolivia]: República de Bolivia, Ministerio del Agua, 2008.

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Bolivia. Ley de riego 2878: Ley de promoción y apoyo al sector riego para la producción agropecuaria y forestal. La Paz: Viceministerio de Riego, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Water Irrigation laws"

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Collins, Richard B., Dale A. Oesterle, and Lawrence Friedman. "Mining and Irrigation." In The Colorado State Constitution, 329–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907723.003.0016.

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This chapter addresses Article XVI of the Colorado Constitution, which deals with mining and irrigation. Mining and agriculture were Colorado’s principal industries in 1876, so provisions relating to both, and to irrigation in particular, were major subjects of discussion at the convention. Section 2 requires laws to protect the health and safety of miners and prohibits employment in mines of children under twelve. Sections 3 and 4 authorize statutes to regulate drainage of mines and to provide for teaching mining and metallurgy in “institutions of learning” supported by the state. The article’s celebrated Sections 5 and 6 assert public ownership of the unappropriated water of every natural stream and establish the right to appropriate the water of any stream for a beneficial use. Section 7 confers a private power of eminent domain for rights-of-way to convey water.
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Khatib, Mwadini, Joy Obando, and Shadrack Murimi. "Effects of Irrigation Management Practices on Water Allocation Among Farmers in Kiladeda Sub-Catchment, Tanzania." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 105–21. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0163-4.ch005.

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Kiladeda River in Pangani Basin, Tanzania plays a vital role of providing water for agricultural activities of the sub-catchment. However, it is experiencing a problem of inequitable distribution of irrigation water among farmers. Cross-sectional data was collected from farmers both in upstream and downstream using questionnaires, while river discharge measurements were conducted in referenced spot gauging stations. WEAP model was used to analyze water demand and allocation among farmers. Furrow irrigation (94%) and plastic buckets (6%) were the main irrigation water management practices. The model results revealed a water shortage of 46.4% of the total irrigation water required. The annual irrigation water demand and unmet demand were 13.93mm3 and 7.47mm3, respectively, and are both expected to increase twice in 2020. This high water demand for irrigation could be the main cause of excessive water abstraction. A partnering approach is recommended to improve irrigation water management, reviewing of laws, regulations, and water rights.
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Larson, Rhett B. "Water Security and Public Health." In Just Add Water, 31–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190948009.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the Blue, Green, and Red Agendas of water law and policy. Thousands die every day from diseases related to water. Yet water law largely focuses on two agendas. The first agenda, the Blue Agenda, focuses on water supply and sustainability. The second agenda, the Green Agenda, focuses on water quality in nature and for human use and consumption. These two agendas often ignore, or are implemented in ways inconsistent with, the “Red Agenda.” The Red Agenda focuses on the prevention of waterborne infections, like cholera, and the control of water-related disease vectors, like mosquitoes transmitting malaria. Laws motivated by the Blue Agenda, like building a dam or irrigation system, can interfere with the Red Agenda by bringing mosquito habitat closer to humans. And laws motivated by the Green Agenda, like prohibiting discharges of pesticides into a river, can interfere with the Red Agenda by preventing a response to a malaria outbreak. This chapter describes these agendas, how and why they conflict, and how they can be better reconciled to achieve water security in public health.
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Rob Van Kirk, Brandon Hoffner, Amy Verbeten, and Scott Yates. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch23.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Most rivers in the American West are highly managed for irrigation and other uses, but they also support popular trout fisheries and other ecologically valuable resources. Traditionally, streamflow to support these resources has been conceptually based on minimum streamflow and natural hydrologic regimes while the prior appropriation doctrine is generally considered an impediment to providing these flows. Successes often occur in situations with substantial federal nexus. However, protective federal laws and policies usually do not apply to popular nonnative trout fisheries or to nonlisted native species. Furthermore, many western trout fisheries and important native fish populations occur in highly altered dam tailwaters and in agricultural landscapes where hydrologic regimes have been more subtly altered by a century of irrigation diversion, seepage, and groundwater return flow. In these cases, traditional ecological and administrative viewpoints can fail to provide appropriate instream flows and may be detrimental to existing fish and wildlife resources. We propose a new paradigm based on the viewpoints that fisheries and related resources can be maintained in regulated hydrologic regimes and in watersheds dominated by private-land agriculture and that prior appropriation can be a pragmatic tool for providing instream flow at times and places where it addresses ecologically limiting factors. Application of this paradigm requires collaboration among irrigators and other water users, agricultural producers, government agencies, and conservation organizations. New strategies for providing ecological streamflow include capitalizing on the difference between physical and “paper” water, providing high-resolution water-supply information to water users and managers, actively managing groundwater and surface water together, and developing market mechanisms to change irrigation practices. We provide examples of these strategies from the Snake River basin and discuss transferability of our approach to other watersheds.
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Cullet, Philippe, and Sujith Koonan. "Irrigation." In Water Law in India, 199–267. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198070818.003.0006.

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Stephen C, McCaffrey. "Part II Evolution and Theoretical Bases of the Law of International Watercourses, 3 The Evolution of the Law of International Watercourses." In The Law of International Watercourses. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198736929.003.0003.

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This chapter traces the history of the use of water by human societies, discusses impediments to the development of the law in this field, and introduces the theoretical challenge inherent in application of international norms to resources within a state’s borders. The law of international watercourses has developed in tandem with the evolution of human social organization and the intensification of use by human societies of fresh water. Evidence of early canals and dikes suggests that small communities and city-states had found it necessary to cooperate in order to control and utilize effectively the waters of major rivers. When the growth of other uses—such as irrigation and the generation of hydroelectric power—began to give rise to disputes, the first reaction was often to try to apply rules from other branches of international law to the problem.
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Murphy, Michael E. "Water Law." In Irrigation in the Bajío Region of Colonial Mexico, 177–97. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429041136-8.

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"IRRIGATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND LAW." In Water and the Environment, 468–72. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482272086-64.

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Ronin, Marguerite. "Funding Irrigation." In Capital, Investment, and Innovation in the Roman World, 225–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841845.003.0007.

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Although there is good evidence that irrigation played an important role in Roman agriculture, it has so far received too little attention. This paper seeks to address the subject of its funding at different scales. Among the different choices landholders had to make, investments in hydraulic infrastructure were guided by their particular needs for cultivation and breeding, the environmental context, and the management of a natural and sometimes limited resource. The attention is here turned towards the financial, human, and material nature of the investment required. The cross-reading of archaeological sources with literary and legal texts shows that the costs of irrigation in single estates varied according to the technical constraints (length and construction of the conduit, necessity to store water, etc.), but the efforts made to invest also reflect the profits expected. A key element concerning investments towards irrigation, in any case, lies in the access to water. In that respect, Roman law played an essential role through servitude rights.
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Boisson de Chazournes, Laurence. "Economization of the Law Applicable to Fresh Water." In Fresh Water in International Law, 69–135. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863427.003.0003.

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Economic activities have long been associated with fresh water and legal rules have been developed to govern the use and exploitation of water as a potential source of profit in this context. The various economic utilizations of water range from navigation, irrigation, the generation of hydroelectric power, and its supply for industrial and domestic use. It is notable that the economic uses of water have evolved over time. A particular focus is placed on the contemporary regimes of international trade and investment law as they relate to fresh water in this chapter. Moreover, consideration is given to the international law relating to international transfers of bulk water, as well as the emerging practice of virtual water transfers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Water Irrigation laws"

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McGowan, Max. "Small Scale Irrigation Weirs in Laos: Post-Construction System Performance." In 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)168.

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Donald F. Wanjura, Dan R. Upchurch, and James R. Mahan. "Crop Water Status Control With Temperature-Time Threshold Irrigation." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14012.

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Sun Joo KIM and Phil Shik KIM. "Development of Open Water Management Program for the Optimal Water Management of Irrigation Reservoir." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.14016.

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Robinson, Peter, Clemmens, Albert, Carman, Dennis, Dalmut, Zach, Fortner, and Tom. "Irrigation Development in Eastern Arkansas: Water Supplies, Uses, and Efficiencies." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13784.

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Thomas F. Scherer, Lowell A. Disrud, and Ryan M. Waters. "Design of Irrigation Pump Intakes for Shallow Surface Water Sources." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13992.

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Tahei Yamamoto, F. Amu-Mensah, H. Fujimaki, Hossein DehghaniSanij, Velu Rasiah, and J. Utsunomiya. "Water Saving in Tank Irrigation Systems in Sahel Region of Africa." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13815.

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Wang Guiling, Xia Li, Lin Wenjing, Zhang Wei, Fan Qi, and Wu Qinghua. "Study on movement evolution law of soil water in condition of agronomic water saving irrigation." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893218.

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Blaine Hanson and Don May. "Effect of Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Processing Tomatoes Yield, Water Table Depth, and Soil Salinity." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13774.

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Roberto Vieira Pordeus, Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo, Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima, José Dantas Neto, and Márcia Rejane de Queiroz Almeida Azevedo. "FIELD EVALUATION OF WATER INFILTRATION PROFILE IN OPENED AND BLOCKED FURROW IRRIGATION WITH CONTINUOUS FLOW." In 2003, Las Vegas, NV July 27-30, 2003. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13814.

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Han, Xiaoyan, and Xue Jin. "A Study on Comprehensive Evaluation of the Water-saving Irrigation in Arid Area of Northeast China." In 2015 International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-15.2015.37.

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