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Journal articles on the topic 'WCF service'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Li, Yue, Wen Hua Zeng, Lv Qing Yang, Zhuang Liang Wu, and Mei Hong Wang. "Architecture of Campus Security Management System Based on WCF and RFID Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.462.

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This paper proposes a specific architecture of campus security management system based on WCF service of SOA and RFID technology, aiming at meeting the security and scalability requirement of the distributed environment of campus security management system. With the help of WCF service models, the underlying interaction among database, data access layer, RFID device information transaction and business logic processing are packaged seamlessly. Then the WCF service models provide platform-independent service to .Net MVC Framework Controller, which could be replaced by any type of caller, separating the presentation and implementation of this system. Because of the advantages of reducing the degree of coupling and greatly enhancing the security, scalability and reliability of the system, this architecture has been one of the recommended trends of software architecture.

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Al Kharusi, Fatma Mohamed, Abdo Mohammed Al-Mekhlafi, Ali Hussain Al-Bulushi, and Ahmed Yousuf Abdulraheem. "The Effect of Gender, Experience, and Training on Teachers’ Written Corrective Feedback Practices." Studies in English Language Teaching 7, no. 1 (February 14, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v7n1p59.

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<p><em>This study investigated whether EFL Post-Basic education teachers’ perceptions toward teachers’ practice of written corrective feedback (WCF) varied according to three contextual variables gender, teaching experience, and in-service training on WCF. It also attempted to investigate the challenges teachers encounter when providing WCF. The quantitative data was collected from 156 EFL teachers who were teaching Post-Basic education grades (11-12). The participants were randomly selected from three governorates in Oman: Muscat, Al Batinah South, and Sharqia North. The study showed that the only variable that had an effect on teachers’ perceptions was the number of training workshops/courses received on WCF. It also revealed that teachers perceived the challenge of focusing on all types of errors (content, organisation, and language) simultaneously as the most common difficulty they were experiencing. Some suggested recommendations of the study for the Ministry of Education, EFL teachers, and further studies were finally provided.</em><em></em></p>

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Kaur, Parvinder, and Manish Mahajan. "Integration of Heterogeneous Cloud Storages through an Intermediate WCF Service." International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business 7, no. 3 (May 8, 2015): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijieeb.2015.03.07.

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Qiu, Ning, Guo Yong Dai, and He Xin Lv. "A Design and Implementation of SOA-Based Online Collaborative Agreement Signing System." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2259.

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Service-Oriented architecture (SOA) has increasingly becoming an architectural evolution as one of the software design principles. This paper proposes an architecture design of an online collaborative agreement signing system based on SOA. The advantages over traditional designs are loose coupling, scalability and flexible combination of services. Web service model of the proposed solution is also described. Electronic seal and digital watermark are discussed as the domain knowledge as well. Sample software based on Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) technology on .NET platform is introduced in the last part of the paper.

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Suij-Ojeda, Evelin. "Teacher Trainers' Perspectives and Practices Regarding Written Corrective Feedback in L2 Writing: A Mixed-Methods Study in a Venezuelan University." Westcliff International Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47670/wuwijar201711eso.

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This study takes place at a university in Venezuela where Spanish is the first language. The participants are teacher trainers on a five-year program in a subject area called English Practice, where future English language teachers develop their language skills. Adopting an interpretive stance by examining qualitative and quantitative data gathered from two online questionnaires, this exploratory research aims to explore the practices and beliefs teacher trainers have regarding written corrective feedback (WCF) on their learners’ writing in English. The findings reveal that trainers use more than one WCF strategy, favouring the use of codes and the provision of the correct form; the trainers report they aim to correct all errors encountered in their students’ written productions since they think it improves learners’ grammar accuracy while raising their language awareness. Data demonstrate that trainers WCF beliefs are influenced by previous experiences as language learners, institutional guidelines, views of second language teaching and learning and teacher development programs. Results show that trainers believe they should adopt a more rigorous WCF approach with pre-service teachers than with other learners due to the fact trainees are regarded as prospective language models who need to avoid errors in their future teaching practice.

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Mamlook, Rustom, Omer F. Khan, and Thabit Sultan Mohammed. "Bridging for cross protocol talk in IOT devices using windows communication foundation." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.29 (August 24, 2018): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.29.18794.

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In the Internet of Things (IoT), multiple communication protocols are used to connect the smart device. Wi-Fi, Xbee, ZigBee, Bluetooth, and LoRaWAN are some of the communication channels utilized for connectivity by devices using some IoT platform.In order to enable the development of smart services for IoT platforms, there are solutions by different vendors to connect between IoT devices. For example, multiple IoT platforms are available in the market namely IoTivity platform developed by Open Connectivity Foundation (OCF), AllJoyn platform from All Seen Alliance, Weave made by Google, and Home Kit by Apple. In view of such segmentation of IoT platforms, IoT Application’s development has been made complex, where IoT device and accompanying application compatibility with available platforms requires support for multiple protocols.To simplify the complexity introduced by multiple platforms, M2M [4] International standard was already proposed as the bridge for integrating IoT protocols. In our paper, we implement a proxy web service using Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) as a way to translate communication in one IoT protocol to another. In our implementation of middleware, we allowed the MQTT broker to accept messages, which were passed, to the Web Service from various devices over Hyper Text Protocol’s POST or GET Commands. Bridging between WCF Web Service and MQTT broker was enabled with duplex communication. Hence, devices supporting either HTTP protocol or MQTT protocol were able to communicate transparently.

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Zhang, Di, Shao Hong Jing, and Qi Long Ma. "Design and Implementation of Service-Oriented Information Acquisition System of Smart Meter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.614.

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Currently, in terms of smart meter information acquisition system, there exists problems such as high cost of development, difficulty in system maintenance and poor integration ability. To solve the integration problems, a service-oriented smart meter information acquisition system is proposed in this paper with the usage of service oriented architecture. In the concrete implementation, problems of processing brought by multiple protocols are worked out by adopting the object-oriented method. Meanwhile, in order to deal with the blocking of client process during the smart meter reading procedure, WCF technology, as a solution, is put forward.

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Dong, Hao, Yu Liu, Peng Li, and Qiao Hu Yang. "A Mobile Monitoring Extension of PC-PLC Architecture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1535.

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In view of the popularity of mobile device within the industry, a mobile monitor extension of PC-PLC architecture is designed and implemented. The extension module utilizes OLE for Process Control (OPC) technology to access industry control configuration software, and then publishes monitoring operations as service by employing Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), so that management staffs can monitor the process of production by any mobile device which has ability to invoke web service. Since Android operation system has a high market share, some industry controls based on Android are developed, which have been used to configure production pictures. Combing production picture generated in advance and real-time production data, the extension module is able to provide the capability of visual monitoring at any time and place.

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Doyle, Kathleen, and Dennis Knight. "Succession Following the 1974 Waterfalls Canyon Fire." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 17 (January 1, 1993): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1993.3143.

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In the early 1970's, the growing awareness of the potential ecological impacts of fire suppression and the threat of more intensive fires due to fuel accumulation in fire-suppressed forests prompted the National Park Service to allow some fires to burn (Grand Teton National Park 1974). One of the first "prescribed natural fires" in a western National Park was the Waterfalls Canyon Fire (WCF) in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). It was ignited by lightning in July 1974. Amid much public controversy (Anonymous 1974), the fire burned 1414 ha before it was extinguished by snow in December. In the following year, GTNP biologists established permanent plots within and adjacent to the WCF in forests dominated by subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, and lodgepole pine, and which varied in fire severity and time since fire. The goal of the study was to document the effect of the 1974 fire by monitoring long-term changes in vegetation, breeding birds, and small mammals (Barmore et al. 1976). Data were collected from four study areas in 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1983 under the direction of William Barmore. In 1991 and 1992 we resampled the permanently-marked vegetation plots and breeding bird transects. Our objectives were to compile, analyze and interpret all of the data collected from the four study areas since 1975.

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Chen, Zhan Fang, Xin Ding, Su Peng Sun, Le Min Shi, and Yu Xi Sun. "Design and Realization of the Student Dormitory Management System Based on RFID." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 1447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.1447.

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With rapid tempo of development in the information technology, design model of information network based on three-layer structure and WCF could solve problems about dormitory managing work which relies on its merit as to independence of programming language and platform. It makes programmers’ distribution and collaboration of tasks more effective to apply key technology of three-layer structure and Web Service to student dormitory management system’s design and implement. Therefore, developers of system can pay more attention to the relative business logic in order to reduce difficulty of maintenance in late stage of software development life cycle. Moreover, it does not need artificial intervention to realize RFID which has speedily and convenience operation. In this case, efficiency of managing work and unity of system data can be guaranteed.

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ZHANG, WEI, and STEFANO PAGIOLA. "Assessing the potential for synergies in the implementation of payments for environmental services programmes: an empirical analysis of Costa Rica." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 4 (November 3, 2011): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000555.

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SUMMARYPayments for environmental services (PES) have been recognized as a promising mechanism for conservation, with the potential to contribute to social objectives such as poverty reduction. This paper outlines a simple framework for assessing the potential for synergies in the implementation of PES programmes, used to analyse the new watershed conservation funding (WCF) channelled through Costa Rica's national PES programme, Pago por Servicios Ambientales (PSA). The WCF financing can only be used in a limited number of watersheds. Given this constraint, the paper examines the mechanisms by which the WCF may potentially contribute to biodiversity conservation and to reducing social development gaps. Although there is significant spatial correlation among the priority areas targeted for the objectives of watershed conservation, biodiversity conservation and social development, the availability of the WCF per unit of land in most watersheds is limited compared to the PSA programme's prevailing payment rate of US$ 64 ha−1, potentially hindering the impact of the WCF on conservation and social development. The analysis helps guide the allocation of the PSA budget in a way that complements the WCF and improves the cost-effectiveness of the PSA budget.

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Mostafa, Ayman Mohamed, Mohamed Hashem Abdel Aziz, and Ibrahim Mahmoud El-henawy. "Integrated Database Security System Architectures based on WCF Services." Journal of Internet Technology and Secured Transaction 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20533/jitst.2046.3723.2012.0010.

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Viamonte, David, Anna Calveras, Josep Paradells, and Carles Gómez. "Evaluation and optimisation of session setup delay for streaming services over 3G networks with quality of service support." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 8, no. 2 (2008): 195–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.455.

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Howard, Guy, Katrina Charles, Kathy Pond, Anca Brookshaw, Rifat Hossain, and Jamie Bartram. "Securing 2020 vision for 2030: climate change and ensuring resilience in water and sanitation services." Journal of Water and Climate Change 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2010.105b.

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Drinking-water supply and sanitation services are essential for human health, but their technologies and management systems are potentially vulnerable to climate change. An assessment was made of the resilience of water supply and sanitation systems against forecast climate changes by 2020 and 2030. The results showed very few technologies are resilient to climate change and the sustainability of the current progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) may be significantly undermined. Management approaches are more important than technology in building resilience for water supply, but the reverse is true for sanitation. Whilst climate change represents a significant threat to sustainable drinking-water and sanitation services, through no-regrets actions and using opportunities to increase service quality, climate change may be a driver for improvements that have been insufficiently delivered to date.

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Shen, Lining, Shimin Wang, Wenqiang Chen, Qiang Fu, Richard Evans, Fuqiang Lan, Wei Li, Juan Xu, and Zhiguo Zhang. "Understanding the Function Constitution and Influence Factors on Communication for the WeChat Official Account of Top Tertiary Hospitals in China: Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 12 (December 9, 2019): e13025. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/13025.

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Background Widespread adoption and continued developments in mobile health care technologies have led to the improved accessibility and quality of medical services. In China, WeChat, an instant messaging and social networking app released by the company Tencent, has developed a specific type of user account called WeChat official account (WOA), which is now widely adopted by hospitals in China. It enables health care providers to connect with local citizens, allowing them to, among other actions, send regular updates through mass circulation. However, with the diversity in function provided by WOA, little is known about its major constitution as well as the influence factors on the WeChat communication index (WCI). The WCI has been widely used in social media impact ranking with various types of WeChat content to fully reflect the dissemination and coverage of tweets as well as the maturity and impact of WOA. Objective There are two typical WOAs available to users, namely, WeChat subscription account (WSSA) and WeChat service account (WSVA). The biggest difference between them is the frequency of messages transmitted. This study aimed to explore the function constitution of WSVA adopted by top tertiary hospitals in China and the major contributors of the WCI score. Methods A total of 681 top tertiary hospitals were selected from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System; the WOA of every top tertiary hospital was retrieved in the WeChat app. We divided core functional items of WSVAs using categorical principal component analysis. To elicit the factors that influenced the use of WSVA, quantile regression was employed to analyze the WCI score. Results From the 668 WOAs identified, adoption of WSVAs (543/668, 81.3%) was more than that of WSSAs (125/668, 18.7%). Functional items of WSVAs were categorized into four clusters: (1) hospital introduction, (2) medical services, (3) visiting assistants, and (4) others. With regard to the influence factors on the WCI, the impact of the activity index of WSVA and the total visiting number of outpatients and emergencies on WCI were statistically significant and positive in all quantiles. However, the year of certification, the type of hospital, the year of public hospital reform, and the number of beds merely affected the WCI at some quantiles. Conclusions Our findings are considered helpful to tertiary hospitals in developing in-depth functional items that improve patient experience. The tertiary hospitals should take full advantage of times of posting and provide high-quality tweets to meet the various needs of patients.

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Heidenreich, Sven, and Matthias Handrich. "Adoption of technology-based services: the role of customers’ willingness to co-create." Journal of Service Management 26, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 44–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-03-2014-0079.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically evaluate an adoption model for technology-based services (TBS) that integrates a customer’s willingness to co-create (WCC) as mediator complementing the well-known individual differences and innovation characteristics in predicting customer adoption of TBS. Design/methodology/approach – The manuscript uses structural equation modeling to analyze survey data from two empirical studies (n=781 and n=181). Findings – The empirical results show that WCC represents a key mediator between established antecedent predictors (innovation characteristics and individual differences) and the likelihood of TBS adoption. Additionally, the analysis reveals that WCC can even better explain and predict adoption intention of TBS than the commonly used individual differences and innovation characteristics. Finally, the results also suggest that a lack of customers’ WCC may help to explain persuasion-decision discrepancies within TBS adoption. Research limitations/implications – As the data of this manuscript pertains to the mobile apps market, future research might test the modified technology adoption model in other TBS contexts as well. While the studies used cross-sectional data, it would be interesting to assess the differential influence of WCC across the stages in the adoption process using longitudinal data. Practical implications – The findings on WCC provide managers with a new set of factors (apart from known antecedent predictors like individual differences and innovation characteristics) to optimize TBS adoption. Originality/value – This manuscript is the first to examine an adoption model for TBS that integrates a customer’s WCC. Furthermore, the findings provide first empirical evidence that WCC can help to explain persuasion-decision discrepancies within TBS adoption.

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Talebi, Sayed Pouria. "Primary service outage and secondary service performance in cognitive radio networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 15, no. 16 (February 28, 2014): 1982–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2473.

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Lee, Woonyeol, and Qiang Ma. "Discovering Expert Traders on Social Trading Services." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 22, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2018.p0224.

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Social trading services, which are financial services connected with social networking services, are currently in the spotlight. Users can follow and automatically imitate expert traders’ trades using social trading services. Finding expert traders who exhibit an exceptional and consistent performance for users to follow is a key challenge in this field. We propose a ranking mechanism with three measures to address this issue: performance, risk, and consistency. We estimated traders’ performance, risk, and consistency levels by comparatively analyzing their trading histories and news data. In addition, we propose a system called Whom to Follow (W2F) to help users discover expert traders by utilizing this ranking mechanism. W2F visualizes the ranking results, and provides feedback functions to help users reach decisions regarding who to follow. We conducted experiments to test and then validate the proposed ranking mechanism in terms of the ranking accuracy, profit, and ranking stability. We also conducted a user experiment to demonstrate the feasibility of W2F.**This paper is an extended version of “Whom to Follow on Social Trading Services? A System to Support Discovering Expert Traders,” 10th Int. Conf. on Digital Information Management (ICDIM) 2015, pp. 188-193.

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Stuart, Ruth, Sanchika Campbell, Beatrice Osumili, Emily J. Robinson, Mary Frost-Gaskin, Richard Pacitti, Paul McCrone, and Claire Henderson. "Do welfare benefit reassessments of people with mental health conditions lead to worse mental health? A prospective cohort study." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 66, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 136–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019888955.

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Background: There have been cases of suicide following the Work Capability Assessment (WCA), a questionnaire and interview for those claiming benefits due to ill health or disability in the United Kingdom. Aims: To examine whether experiencing problems with welfare benefits, including WCA, among people with pre-existing mental health conditions was associated with poorer mental health and wellbeing and increased health service use and costs. Methods: A prospective cohort study of an exposed group ( n = 42) currently seeking help from a Benefits Advice Service in London and a control group ( n = 45) who had recently received advice from the same service. Questionnaires at baseline and 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Results: The exposed group had higher mean scores for anxiety ( p = .008) and depression ( p = .016) at baseline and the control group higher mean scores for wellbeing at baseline ( p = .034) and 12 months ( p = .035). However, loss to follow-up makes overall results difficult to interpret. The control group had higher incomes throughout the study, particularly at the 12-month follow-up ( p = .004), but the differences could have been accounted for by other factors. Health service costs were skewed by a few participants who used day-care services intensively or had inpatient stays. Over the study period the proportion of exposed participants engaged in benefits reassessment ranged from 50% to 88%, and 40% to 76% of controls. Conclusion: The hardship of living with financial insecurity and a mental health condition made it difficult for our participants to sustain involvement in a 12-month study and the frequency of benefit reviews meant that the experiences of our controls were similar to our exposed group. These limitations limit interpretation but confirm the relevance of our research. The control data raise the question of whether people with mental health conditions are being disproportionately reassessed.

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Xylomenos, George, Vasilis Vogkas, and George Thanos. "The multimedia broadcast/multicast service." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 8, no. 2 (2008): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.463.

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Gozupek, Didem, Symeon Papavassiliou, and Nirwan Ansari. "Enhancing quality of service provisioning in wireless ad hoc networks using service vector paradigm." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 6, no. 7 (2006): 1003–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.434.

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Yang, Kun, Chris Todd, Jie Li, Nektarios Georgalas, and Manooch Azmoodeh. "A location-based service advertisement algorithm for pervasive service discovery in wireless mobile networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 9, no. 6 (June 2009): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.635.

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Clemenz, Nikolaus, Richard Boakye, and Alison Parker. "Rapid Climate Adaption Assessment (RCAA) of water supply and sanitation services in two coastal urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (December 16, 2019): 1645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.204.

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Abstract This study assessed the impact of different hydrological scenarios on existing vulnerabilities of water and sanitation services in Chorkor and Shiabu, two coastal urban poor communities in Accra, Ghana. The hydrological scenarios were developed from the literature on climate change projections. This paper recommends adaptations for community members, service providers, and the municipality based on the impact assessment. Chorkor and Shiabu are vulnerable to an increase in rainfall because of the lack of adequate solid waste management and hydrological sound drains. Shiabu's topography and the indiscriminate sand mining along its beach make it vulnerable to an increase in sea level. Looking beyond Chorkor and Shiabu's community boundaries, the urban water utility which supplies water vendors in both communities may be severely impacted by a decrease in rainfall, which would lead to water scarcity and a shortage in hydroelectricity. Regardless of which climate change scenario emerges, many of the recommended adaptations are good water management practice, for example, increasing the number of household connections and reducing non-revenue water. Putting climate change high on the agenda has the potential to generate additional funding to help address Chorkor and Shiabu's water and sanitation problems, and climate-proof services for the future. However, the study method does not address the governance of these adaptations.

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Ramirez, Glenda M., Pamela Kum, and Julia J. Kelly. "The Association Between Care Coordination and Preventive Care Among Children With Special Health Care Needs." Clinical Pediatrics 59, no. 7 (March 7, 2020): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922820910823.

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Care coordination (CC) has shown positive outcomes among children with special health care needs (CSHCN); however, the association between CC and well-child care (WCC) visits is unknown. We hypothesize that CSHCN who receive CC are more likely to attend the recommended WCC visits. A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of patients aged 15 months attending the Arizona Children’s Center clinic. Logistic regression models explored the association between children receiving CC and attending the recommended minimum WCC visits before 15 months of age. CC was associated with higher odds of proper WCC attendance (any CC service, adjusted odds ratio = 2.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.75-2.62; high level of CC, adjusted odds ratio = 2.61, 95% confidence interval = 1.73-3.94). Pediatric CC is associated with greater up-to-date status of the WCC schedule among CSHCN 15 months of age, and higher odds among children who receive higher levels of CC. Further research is needed to validate findings.

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Astley, Julie. "Transforming Allied Health." Australian Health Review 23, no. 4 (2000): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah000160.

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In 1995, the Division of Allied Health at the Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide (WCH) began a process ofcritical review of its service delivery models and organisational structure in order better to meet the vision and valuesof the WCH and the needs of consumers. This paper describes the change management process. Barriers to andfacilitators of change are highlighted. The outcomes of the change process are described, including the newmultidisciplinary team and program-based organisational structure and culture.

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Nsabimana, René. "Electricity Sector Organization and Performance in Burundi." Proceedings 58, no. 1 (September 14, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wef-06938.

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Burundi faces low access to electricity and low quality of service. It depends on the interconnected networks constructed in the decade of 1980. Despite the different reforms relating to the liberalization and reorganization of the electricity sector, the REGIDESO remains the public company in charge of the production and distribution of electricity. It has also the responsibility to pump, treat, and supply drinking water in the main and secondary urban centers. This paper makes a review of the policies, reform, and organization of the electricity sector in Burundi. We estimate the performance of the electricity sector using descriptive analysis, on the basis of secondary data collected in East Africa and from the World Development Indicators (WDI), and qualitative data obtained through semi-structured interviews and text analysis. Our results show that despite the different reforms undertaken in 2000 and 2015, the electricity sector remains mainly a natural monopoly of the state. As a result, access to electricity and consumption per capita remain the lowest of East Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. The electricity sector is also characterized by the poor quality of service due to technical and non-technical losses. Among the non-technical losses, the unpaid bills especially for the public sector are very high. The study recommendation is to implement the reform undertaken in 2000 by splitting the public services of water and electricity, and the one of 2015 by unbundling the electricity sector. Policy implying private participation in the electricity sector and prioritizing regional projects for interconnection to facilitate cross-border trade of electricity are highly recommended.

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Zhao, Liqiang, Li Cong, Wei Ding, Xinheng Wang, and Hailin Zhang. "Incomplete cooperation-based service differentiation in WLANs." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 12, no. 6 (May 4, 2010): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.975.

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Chen, Ming-Feng, Yi-Bing Lin, Herman C. H. Rao, and Quincy Wu. "A mobile service platform using proxy technology." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 6, no. 1 (2006): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.240.

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Abdulrahman, Badreldin Mohamed Ahmed, and Tarig Ibrahim Mohamed Abdelmalik. "ASSESSING INCOME GENERATION ACTIVITIES IN WEST AND CENTRAL DARFUR STATES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1.2015.3048.

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Income defines as the money that an individual or business receives in exchange for providing a good or service or through investing capital and it is consume to fuel day to day expenditure. This study has been conducted in 2014. The objective of this study is to assess income generation activities in Darfur, particularly in Geneina and Zalingei localities of West and Central Darfur (WCD) by using questionnaire its size 80 individuals, we obtained the following results a. Agriculture is the main and alternative source of income in WCD b. Financing is the main problem in WCD c. The role of National and local government and united nations (UN) agencies in generating income is less than that played by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international non-governmental organizations (INGOs).

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Chi, Jing, Chunyang Yin, Meina Song, Junde Song, and Xiaosu Zhan. "Generic service composition platform for pervasive E-Commerce." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 10, no. 10 (January 20, 2009): 1366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.749.

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Pang, Ai-Chun, Yi-Bing Lin, and Ming-Feng Chang. "GSM-IP: A VoIP service for mobile networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 1, no. 3 (2001): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.19.

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El-Khatib, K., Zhen E. Zhang, N. Hadibi, and G. v. Bochmann. "Personal and service mobility in ubiquitous computing environments." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 4, no. 6 (September 2004): 595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.231.

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Zhang, Chuang, Pingyi Fan, Yunquan Dong, and Ke Xiong. "Service-based high-speed railway base station arrangement." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 15, no. 13 (November 25, 2013): 1681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2452.

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Scholes, Robert J. "Climate change and ecosystem services." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 7, no. 4 (May 19, 2016): 537–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcc.404.

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Olguín Muñoz, Manuel, Roberta Klatzky, Junjue Wang, Padmanabhan Pillai, Mahadev Satyanarayanan, and James Gross. "Impact of delayed response on wearable cognitive assistance." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): e0248690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248690.

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Wearable cognitive assistants (WCA) are anticipated to become a widely-used application class, in conjunction with emerging network infrastructures like 5G that incorporate edge computing capabilities. While prototypical studies of such applications exist today, the relationship between infrastructure service provisioning and its implication for WCA usability is largely unexplored despite the relevance that these applications have for future networks. This paper presents an experimental study assessing how WCA users react to varying end-to-end delays induced by the application pipeline or infrastructure. Participants interacted directly with an instrumented task-guidance WCA as delays were introduced into the system in a controllable fashion. System and task state were tracked in real time, and biometric data from wearable sensors on the participants were recorded. Our results show that periods of extended system delay cause users to correspondingly (and substantially) slow down in their guided task execution, an effect that persists for a time after the system returns to a more responsive state. Furthermore, the slow-down in task execution is correlated with a personality trait, neuroticism, associated with intolerance for time delays. We show that our results implicate impaired cognitive planning, as contrasted with resource depletion or emotional arousal, as the reason for slowed user task executions under system delay. The findings have several implications for the design and operation of WCA applications as well as computational and communication infrastructure, and additionally for the development of performance analysis tools for WCA.

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Aly, Sherif G., and Amal A. Elnahas. "Sustained service lookup in areas of sudden dense population." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 8, no. 1 (2007): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.427.

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Ekici, O., and A. Yongacoglu. "Balanced association algorithm for IEEE 802.11 extended service areas." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 9, no. 6 (June 2009): 831–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.634.

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Kuntz, Romain, Julien Montavont, Guillaume Schreiner, David Binet, and Thomas Noël. "An improved network mobility service for intelligent transportation systems." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 11, no. 7 (October 26, 2009): 899–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.860.

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Dong, Yunquan, Pingyi Fan, and Khaled Ben Letaief. "Service provided by fading MIMO channels: a deterministic perspective." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 14, no. 17 (October 22, 2012): 1647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2309.

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McCafferty, Sara, Iestyn Williams, David Hunter, Suzanne Robinson, Cam Donaldson, and Angela Bate. "Implementing World Class Commissioning Competencies." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 17, no. 1_suppl (January 2012): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2011.011104.

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Background The world class commissioning (WCC) programme was introduced in the English NHS in 2007 to develop primary care trust (PCT) commissioning of health services. There has been limited evaluation of health commissioning initiatives over the years and in particular little is known about how commissioners interpret and implement initiatives and guidance intended to strengthen commissioning. This research explores the development and implementation of WCC and draws implications for future commissioning arrangements. Methods This research draws on interviews with key informants (n = 6) and a literature review to analyse the aims of, and stimulus for, WCC. In-depth interviews (n = 38) were conducted in three PCTs in the north of England in 2009 to analyse the interpretation and implementation of WCC. Results The aims and rationale of WCC, in particular, the specification of commissioning skills and the aspirations to improve health outcomes, were largely welcomed and supported by interviewees. However, the implementation of WCC posed a number of challenges, including: availability of resources and knowledge; lack of a supportive organizational culture and networks; and the dominance of central government control. Conclusions The findings have implications for emerging clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in the English NHS. Specifically, the research highlights the need for a system-wide approach to improving commissioning, including appropriately aligned policy and objectives underpinned by a co-ordinated and supportive organizational culture.

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Chen, Zhisong, and Huimin Wang. "Water-saving service supply chain cooperation under social welfare maximization." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 3 (March 29, 2019): 703–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.188.

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Abstract The water-saving service (WSS) supply chain equilibrium and cooperative decision models under the scenario without/with the social welfare maximization (SWM) goal are developed, analyzed, and compared, respectively, the numerical and sensitivity analyses for all models are conducted and compared, and the corresponding management insights and policy implications are summarized in this paper. The research results indicate that: (1) the cooperation strategy outperforms the equilibrium strategy regarding the water-consumption reduction, operational performance of WSS supply chain, the corresponding social welfare, consumer surplus, and positive externalities, regardless of whether the SWM is considered or not; (2) a subsidy threshold policy under which the government only subsidizes the WSS supply chain adopting the cooperation strategy is recommended to be designed to maximize social welfare with higher positive externalities; (3) subsidizing the WSS to pursue the SWM contributes to enhancing the water-consumption reduction, improving the operational performance of WSS supply chain and its members, the corresponding social welfare, consumer surplus, and positive externalities; (4) the WSS provider would have an internal incentive to provide WSS without government subsidy when the fixed cost of WSS is low, otherwise, the WSS provider would not have an internal incentive to provide WSS unless with a government subsidy.

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Zong, Ru, Xinbo Gao, and Xiaofeng Feng. "Truthful double auction of spectrum trading for femtocell service provision." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 16, no. 17 (September 23, 2016): 2924–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.2738.

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Wang, Guojun, Jiannong Cao, and Keith C. C. Chan. "A protocol for partitionable group membership service in mobile Internet." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 5, no. 7 (2005): 773–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.341.

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Wu, Xiaoxin. "DISPOSER: distributed secure position service in mobile ad hoc networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 6, no. 3 (2006): 357–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.401.

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Hu, Kai-Hsiang, Huai-Lei Fu, and Phone Lin. "MBS zone configuration schemes for wireless multicast and broadcast service." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 10, no. 12 (December 2010): 1589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.1061.

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Chakrabarti, Satyabrata, and Amitabh Mishra. "Quality of service challenges for wireless mobile ad hoc networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 4, no. 2 (March 2004): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.123.

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Dong, Xihua, Xiaochen Li, and Dapeng Wu. "RED theory for quality of service provisioning in wireless communications." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 14, no. 2 (February 14, 2012): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.1238.

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Lin, Guolong, and Guevara Noubir. "On link layer denial of service in data wireless LANs." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 5, no. 3 (2005): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcm.221.

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Lagarrigue, Robin, Marie Houot, Matgéné workgroup, Mounia El Yamani, and Corinne Pilorget. "O2D.2 Occupational exposure to oxygenated, petroleum-based and chlorinated solvents of women in childbearing age in france in 2013." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A18.2—A18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.48.

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ObjectiveOccupational exposure to chemical agents including solvents is sparsely described among women although they constitute a vulnerable population at certain points in life and particularly during the procreative period. The aim of this study is to document the occupational exposure to oxygenated, petroleum-based and chlorinated solvents in women of childbearing age (WCA).MethodsWe linked 17 job-exposure matrices describing exposure to oxygenated, petroleum-based and chlorinated solvents from the MATGÉNÉ programme to the 2013 French census. The occupational exposure prevalence was estimated in women aged from 15 to 44 years. The occupational exposure prevalence was described by 5 year age group, occupation and worker status (salaried or self-employed).ResultsThe most frequently used solvents in French workplace in 2013 by WCA are oxygenated solvents (15% of WCA at work, n=1,112,000), then petroleum-based solvents (1%, n=73,000) and chlorinated solvents (0.1%, n=9,000). The younger WCA (15–29 years) are more exposed to oxygenated solvents than their elders (19.9% vs 14.9%). On the contrary, the elderly (35–44 years) are more exposed to petroleum-based and chlorinated solvents. Three quarters of the WCA exposed to at least one oxygenated solvent are civil and public servants (41%), health and social workers (21%) or direct personal services staff (19%). Half of WCA exposed to at least one petroleum-based solvent are drivers (20%) and skilled workers of industrial and artisanal fields (13% respectively). For WCA exposed to at least one chlorinated solvent, nearly half worked as non-skilled workers of industrial and artisanal type (17% respectively) and health and social workers (15%).ConclusionsThis study is the first describing occupational exposure to three major solvents’ families for the entire working WCA in France regardless of working status or occupation. These information will help in the surveillance of this occupational risk and to prioritize prevention actions.

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Karageorge, Aspasia, Paul Rhodes, Rebecca Gray, and Renos Papadopoulos. "Refugee and staff experiences of psychotherapeutic services." Intervention 15, no. 1 (March 2017): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wtf.0000000000000137.

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