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Journal articles on the topic 'Wear pattern'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 July 2022

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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Rajeshkumar Dhanapal, Vasudevan Alagumalai, Y. Justin Raj, Sundarakannan Rajendran, and Justin Sam George. "Enhancement of Mechanical and Wear Properties in 3D-printed PEEK Specimens using Eco-friendly Infill Patterns via Fused Filament Fabrication." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 4 (2024): 332–40. https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.12.2441105.

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The increasing use of 3D-printed PEEK materials in load-bearing applications necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of their wear characteristics and hardness under dynamic loading conditions. This study investigates the wear loss, coefficient of friction, and hardness values of PEEK materials with four distinct surface patterns: Line, Grid, Cubic, and Hexagon. Controlled experiments revealed that the Line and Hexagon patterns exhibited the lowest wear loss (0.004 grams), indicating superior wear resistance, while the Cubic pattern showed the highest wear loss (0.009 grams). In terms of friction, the Grid pattern demonstrated the lowest coefficient of friction (0.21), suggesting it offers the least resistance to movement, while the Line and Hexagon patterns had moderate coefficients of friction (0.40 and 0.35, respectively). The Cubic pattern displayed the highest coefficient of friction (0.45). Hardness testing revealed that the Hexagon pattern had the highest hardness value (30), followed by the Line pattern (28), the Grid pattern (25), and the Cubic pattern (20). These findings highlight the trade-offs between wear resistance, friction, and hardness among the different surface patterns, providing valuable insights for applications where these properties are crucial. SEM images were analyzed to investigate the wear characteristics of FFF-printed PEEK samples with varying infill patterns. The results showed that the Hexagon pattern exhibited the least surface degradation, demonstrating superior wear resistance compared to the Line, Cubic, and Grid patterns. This study offers valuable guidance for selecting optimal surface patterns in engineering and industrial applications to enhance performance and durability.

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Oraby, Samy E. "Determination of the Real Cutting Edge Wear Contact Area on the Tool-Workpiece Interface in the Light of Cutting Forces Variations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 1406–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1406.

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The determination of actual stresses over the tool-workpiece interface has long been a matter of debate among researchers. Evaluation of the nature and the geometry of the wear contact area were always associated with many, sometime impractical, assumptions. The indeterministic fashion of edge wear and deformation requires a more realistic way to predict the actual wear contact area. In the current study, many wear area patterns are proposed considering the different wear modes of the cutting edge. The selection of the most correlated pattern to a specific edge deformation is justified using the relevant variations in the radial and the axial force components. For a regular wear over the entire cutting edge, a wear pattern that considers nose and/or flank is justified. When the cutting edge plastically fails, a pattern that considers only nose wear is preferred. As the cutting edge is subjected to many types of irregular disturbances of edge fracture and chipping, a wear pattern considering both flank and nose wear is selected.

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Liu, Wei, Haiyang Yang, Yuqing Zhou, Ti Zhou, and Huijun Xie. "Study on the Influence Mechanism of Surface Morphology on Wear and Thermal Fatigue Performance of Laser-Treated Bionic Brake Drum." Metals 15, no. 2 (2025): 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15020124.

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This study explores the mechanisms underlying the enhanced anti-wear and thermal fatigue performance of laser-treated bionic brake drums, aiming to extend their service life and improve design quality. Bionic brake drums treated with laser patterns—point, stripe, and grid—were tested with semi-metallic, non-asbestos organic (NAO), and ceramic brake pads. A mechanical model was developed to analyze wear performance, and bench tests were conducted to assess wear patterns. Thermal fatigue tests examined the impact of thermal cycling on the treated drums’ wear behavior. The results reveal that laser-treated bionic brake drums significantly outperformed untreated ones in both wear resistance and thermal fatigue. Among the treatments, the grid pattern showed the best wear performance, and thermal fatigue life was improved by 27% for the striped pattern and 38% for the grid pattern. The study concludes that laser treatment effectively enhances both wear resistance and thermal fatigue performance in bionic brake drums, especially for the grid pattern, offering valuable insights for future brake drum design.

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Wang, M. H., W. Wang, S. T. Huang, and Yue Sun. "Study on the Mechanism of Diamond Wear in Precision Cutting of Isotropic Pyrolytic Graphite." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.168.

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Isotropic pyrolytic graphite is a kind of graphite material. Because of its excellent performance, it is gradually used in aero-engine turbine shaft seals. But this material is a kind of brittle material, and it wears seriously during the cutting process. Through analysis of the process of cutting this material with PCD insert, the main wear region and the wear pattern at different cutting time were obtained. Using the scanning electron microscopy to observe the wear regions, the wear mechanism of PCD was obtained. At the first stage of the wear mechanisms were mainly mechanical wear and abrasive wear, the main wear regions were rake face and the cutting edge. With the increase of cutting distance, about 32 min later, both the depth of the crater on the rake face and the depth of micro grooves on the flank face were increased. Abrasive wear on the cutting face and the micro grooves wear on the flank face were the main wear pattern at the stable wear stage. At rapid wear stage, cutting edge was transformed from micro chipping into tool tipping. This caused by erosion wear .Experimental results indicated that the wear pattern was typical mechanical wear, abrasive wear, cutting edge erosion wear and possible adhesive wear.

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Vernon, Wesley, Anne Parry, and Michael Potter. "A Theory of Shoe Wear Pattern Influence Incorporating a New Paradigm for the Podiatric Medical Profession." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 94, no. 3 (2004): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0940261.

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Qualitative analysis of shoe wear patterns collected from a questionnaire evaluating podiatric physicians’ experiences in this area suggests that wear patterns could indicate causative function within a known pathologic context. Several different functions are suggested by patterns associated with each of the pathologic entities involved, and analysis of the relationship between patterns and reasons given by respondents for pattern-form variations show the strongest associations to be with functionally termed conditions. A basic model is proposed to present factors important in wear pattern production, suggesting that a new concept of primary walking intention is more influential than foot pathologies in wear pattern formation and that external factors are also influential, with the combined factors being described as the “holistic foot function.” This model may provide a variety of benefits to podiatric medicine; as shoe wear patterns are records of the usual long-term activity of the functioning foot, this paradigm could form a basis for podiatric medical practice. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(3): 261–268, 2004)

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Vignesh, G., and Debabrata Barik. "An Experimental Investigation of Dimple-Texturing on the Tribological Performance of Hardened AISI H-13 Steel." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 1 (2022): 6391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.1.2022.03.0722.

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The fabrication of dimple-texture is essential for reducing friction and wear in frictional interaction pairs. The tribological characteristics of the frictional interaction pairs can be improved by controlling the dimple pattern, the depth to diameter ratio, and the area density ratio. In this study, the tribological characteristics of tungsten carbide discs with various dimple-texture patterns and hardened AISI H-13 steel pins are tested experimentally using a pin on disc wear tester to identify the wear mechanism. Laser marking technology was utilized to fabricate the dimple-textures such as circular arrays of the honeycomb pattern and spherical dimple-texture pattern with varying area density ratios. The impact of dimple-texture patterns is examined experimentally under dry testing conditions. Dimple-textured surfaces have a positive influence as compared to non-textured smooth surfaces. Particularly, the spherical dimple-textured pattern reduces frictional coefficient and wear rate by 45% and 51%, respectively, compared to non-textured smooth surfaces. The dimple-texture pattern and area density ratio control are essential features in dimple-texturing.

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Lohr, Cheryl A., Tammy Esmaili, Harriet Mills, and Roberta Bencini. "Estimating the age structure of a population of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) by comparing tooth wear and cementum lines." Australian Mammalogy 33, no. 1 (2011): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10054.

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We used cementum lines from a sample of possums to calibrate tooth wear patterns in free-ranging common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) to estimate of the age structure of a wild population of the species living at the Perth Zoo, Western Australia. We assessed patterns of tooth wear and incremental cementum lines in teeth extracted from 40 possums via necropsy. Rank regression for non-parametric data revealed a weak relationship between the number of cementum lines per tooth (y), which was assumed to correspond to the age of the possums (in years), and tooth wear (males: age = 0.51x + 3.4, r2 = 0.098, n = 27; females: age = 1.17x + 0.35, r2 = 0.345, n = 45). We used these relationships and the tooth wear pattern of 149 live possums caught at Perth Zoo to develop an estimate of the age structure of the population. Most (63.1%) possums were between 4 and 6 years of age. Very few young (1–2 years) or old (6–8 years) possums were caught at Perth Zoo. These results yielded an approximate age distribution for possums within Perth Zoo and should be used with caution because the relationship between the number of cementum lines and tooth wear was weak.

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Tamada, Ryota, and Masaki Shiraishi. "Prediction of Uneven Tire Wear Using Wear Progress Simulation." Tire Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (2017): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.17.450201.

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ABSTRACT Tire wear performance is very important in terms of safety and economic benefit for customers and environmental conservation. Tire wear performance can be sorted into “global” or “local” wear. Local wear means uneven tire wear, for example, heel/toe wear, one-sided shoulder wear, feather edge wear, etc. This uneven wear decreases tire life locally and has the potential for causing a noise problem, so it is very important to improve uneven wear performance for long life tire. It is difficult to correctly evaluate the uneven tire wear performance of a brand-new tire, because the tire wear performance changes with tire pattern shape transformation as it wears. In order to experimentally evaluate uneven wear performance accurately, we have to do time-consuming tire road tests. Therefore, we need a prediction method for uneven wear. In this paper, we introduce “wear progress simulation” developed in order to evaluate heel/toe wear performance, which occurs in the shoulder blocks. This method involves “wearing out the finite element (FE) tire model” using wear energy calculated from tire rolling simulation. By this method, we can observe the transformation of tire pattern shape and wear energy distribution. As a result, we can estimate the difference of heel/toe wear performance among tires by our developed simulation.

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Lee, Hwa Soo, Takazo Yamada, and Naoyuki Ishida. "Observation of Grinding Wheel Wear Patterns by Means of a 3-Dimensional Digital Measuring Method." Key Engineering Materials 389-390 (September 2008): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.389-390.108.

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Surface geometries of grinding wheels vary due to the wear in grinding process. Since the wheel wear patterns are affected by the grinding process, measuring and investigating these patterns quantitatively, grinding process can be evaluated whether appropriate or not. Utilizing a three-dimensional measuring device for wheel surfaces developed so far, this study aims to evaluate wheel wear patterns quantitatively. As the results, applying developed device, it is clarified that wheel wear pattern can be classified and evaluated quantitatively.

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Cho, J. C., and B. C. Jung. "Prediction of Tread Pattern Wear by an Explicit Finite Element Model3." Tire Science and Technology 35, no. 4 (2007): 276–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2804913.

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Abstract Tread pattern wear is predicted by using an explicit finite element model (FEM) and compared with the indoor drum test results under a set of actual driving conditions. One pattern is used to determine the wear rate equation, which is composed of slip velocity and tangential stress under a single driving condition. Two other patterns with the same size (225/45ZR17) and profile are used to be simulated and compared with the indoor wear test results under the actual driving conditions. As a study on the rubber wear rate equation, trial wear rates are assumed by several constitutive equations and each trial wear rate is integrated along time to yield the total accumulated wear under a selected single cornering condition. The trial constitutive equations are defined by independently varying each exponent of slip velocity and tangential stress. The integrated results are compared with the indoor test results, and the best matching constitutive equation for wear is selected for the following wear simulation of two other patterns under actual driving conditions. Tens of thousands of driving conditions of a tire are categorized into a small number of simplified conditions by a suggested simplification procedure which considers the driving condition frequency and weighting function. Both of these simplified conditions and the original actual conditions are tested on the indoor drum test machines. The two results can be regarded to be in good agreement if the deviation that exists in the data is mainly due to the difference in the test velocity. Therefore, the simplification procedure is justified. By applying the selected wear rate equation and the simplified driving conditions to the explicit FEM simulation, the simulated wear results for the two patterns show good match with the actual indoor wear results.

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Ko, Tae Jo, and Dong Woo Cho. "Tool Wear Monitoring in Diamond Turning by Fuzzy Pattern Recognition." Journal of Engineering for Industry 116, no. 2 (1994): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901934.

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This paper introduces a fuzzy pattern recognition technique for monitoring single crystal diamond tool wear in the ultraprecision machining process. Selected features by which to partition the cluster of patterns were obtained by time series AR modeling of dynamic cutting force signals. The wear on a diamond tool edge appears to be classifiable into two types, micro-chipping and gradual, both very small compared to conventional tool wear. In this regard, we used a fuzzy technique in pattern recognition, which considers the ambiguity in classification as well as the weakness of the cutting force variation, to monitor the diamond tool wear status, with satisfactory results.

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MORITA, Hidetoshi, Atsuo SUEOKA, Kenichiro MATUZAKI, and Takahiro RYU. "443 Pattern Formation Phenomena by Wear : Growth Process of Polygonal Wear." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2008 (2008): _443–1_—_443–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2008._443-1_.

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Medalia, A. I., A. L. Alesi, and J. L. Mead. "Pattern Abrasion and Other Mechanisms of Wear of Tank Track Pads." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 65, no. 1 (1992): 154–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538597.

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Abstract Wear of tank track pads has been studied under different conditions. With T142 pads tested on an M-60 tank, the mode of failure was found to depend on the test conditions. Among eighteen experimental compounds tested, improved wear (vs. the standard compound) under one test condition was generally at the expense of poorer wear under one or both of the other test conditions. However, in agreement with previous results, an HNBR/Zn-methacrylate/peroxide compound gave improved wear rate under all three test conditions. Wear of the T142 pads on a hilly cross-country course and on a combination course was generally by massive chunking. On a paved road course, most compounds wore by pattern abrasion. A few compounds worn on this course formed deep pockets parallel to the surface, resulting in the eventual loss of the large flaps between the pocket and the surface. Pattern abrasion was also found on T156 pads of four different compounds, tested on an M-1 tank on the paved road course. The abrasion patterns of both types of pads had a shingled appearance, with the ridges pitched so as to bite into the road surface. The abrasion patterns were characterized quantitatively by profilometry, using standard parameters calculated for surface roughness of metals and other materials. The ridge height and its ratio to ridge spacing correlated positively with wear rate on the paved road; whereas there was no correlation of ridge spacing with wear rate. The compounds which gave the lowest wear rate on the paved road, including the HNBR compounds, gave shallow ridges with little or no pattern.

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Ge, Ying Fei, and Jiu Hua Xu. "Diamond Tool Wear Mechanism in Ultra-Precision Turning of SiC_p/Al Composites." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.150.

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The wear pattern and its mechanisms of Single Crystal Diamond (SCD) tool has been investigated experimentally and theoretically during ultra-precision turning of SiC particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The results showed that micro wear, chipping, peeling, abrasive wear and chemical wear were the dominating wear patterns of SCD tools. Coupled with XRD analysis on the machined surface and Raman studies on the flank wear land of SCD tool, it was pointed that the combined effects of abrasive wear of SiC particles and catalysis of copper in the aluminum matrix have caused the severe graphitization.

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Karabeyoglu, Sencer Sureyya, Olcay Eksi, Pasa Yaman, and Bedri Onur Kucukyildirim. "Effects of infill pattern and density on wear performance of FDM-printed acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene parts." Journal of Polymer Engineering 41, no. 10 (2021): 854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2021-0192.

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Abstract Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene test specimens were additively manufactured by fused deposition method to investigate the effects of infill pattern and density on wear rate, coefficient of friction, wear mechanisms, and microscopic wear characterization. The surface morphology of specimens was characterized using a scanning electron microscope. Under constant parameters of applied load, sliding speed, and sliding time, wear tests were carried out at room temperature. The study revealed that a grid pattern of high infill density and a honeycomb pattern of low infill density showed the lowest wear rate and lowest coefficient of friction compared to the rectilinear pattern. Infill pattern and density affected the wear rate behavior of specimens directly. Moreover, adhesion between additively manufactured layers along with surface texture affects the wear behavior and wear rate. Increasing infill density allowed poor cooling of previously built layers. Longer process time results in rough surfaces.

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Zakaria, Norsaadah, and Rosita Mohd Tajuddin. "Master block pattern development for fit evaluation based on adult female anthropometric data and body shapes using Telestia-AB patternmaking system." Open Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (2023): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/ojst.v5i1.2604.

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Developing well-fit garments is relevant in the garment industry, especially to achieve the quality of corporate uniform wear. A garment that looks good must also fit the body. The first process for garment fitting is to develop the body pattern that acts as the form for body shape before translating it to the desired garment design. Thus, the focus of this study is to construct a good master block pattern that fit the body well. Size, shape, and proportions are considered factors that contribute to a well-fitted garment. This study involves anthropometric study, master block development, pattern assembly onto fabric, basic garment constructions, and fitting analytics. The fit analytics are a relevant part of a fit evaluation to model the best method to develop body patterns and wear analysis for each individual for better-fit garment consumption. The conclusion showed that using sophisticated Telestia-AB tools and Telestia body key dimensions expedites the process of body block pattern for fit evaluation. The wear trial process is to determine how the bodice block fits before transforming it into the design pattern for corporate wear. This research concludes that developing a proper body pattern based on the anthropometric data is crucial as the fit of the garment is achievable with the right pattern-making system and skillset.

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Carrow, R. N., and B. J. Johnson. "Turfgrass Wear as Affected by Golf Car Tire Design and Traffic Patterns." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 114, no. 2 (1989): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.114.2.240.

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Abstract Turfgrass wear tests were conducted at Griffin, Ga. in 1985 and 1986 on ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × C. transvaalensis) using several golf car tire designs (tread configurations, radial or non-radial), golf cars, and traffic patterns. Wear damage to bermudagrass in all studies was assessed by visual turf quality, color, verdure, and leaf bruising. Golf car traffic caused significant wear damage regardless of golf car, tire design, or traffic pattern. Damage increased with frequency of trips over the site and with moderately sharp turns. Differences in wear injury between the tire designs did occur, but were minor in most instances. These differences could not be explained by tread pattern alone, since similar designs gave different degrees of wear. Whether the tire was radial or not did not influence turfgrass wear. Golf car type exhibited a minor effect on bermudagrass wear. Management alternatives to minimize turfgrass wear should concentrate on distributing traffic and avoiding sharp turns, while selection of pneumatic tire design or golf car is of minor relative importance.

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Zhou, Yu Mei, Feng Lin Zhang, Meng Jia He, and Hui Ping Huang. "Effect of Arraying Patterns of Diamond Grits on the Wear of the Mono-Layer Brazed Diamond Tool." Solid State Phenomena 175 (June 2011): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.175.47.

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. In this paper three uniformly arraying patterns (GD, CC and UR) and one non-uniformly arraying pattern (NUR) of diamond grits are used to fabricate the mono-layer brazed diamond grinding tools. The wear characteristics of those grinding tools are compared. It is found that NUR tool wears faster than other uniformly arrayed tools in the wet grinding. The protrusion of diamond grits on NUR tool is much lower than that on GD, CC and UR tool after 20 h of wet grinding. By tracking one diamond grit’ wear processes on CC and NUR tools in the dry grinding respectively, it is found that the diamond grit on NUR tool is worn with the form of macro-fracture firstly, then is polished with large flattened area. However, the wear of diamond grit on CC tool keeps in a form of micro-fracture and a slow wear rate.

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Yan, Yunpeng, Rudy Helmons, and Dingena Schott. "The Influence of Particle Size on Sliding Wear of a Convex Pattern Surface." Minerals 12, no. 2 (2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020139.

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Sliding wear of bulk handling equipment (e.g., shovel bucket, mill and transfer chute) can be dramatically reduced by using a convex pattern surface compared to a flat surface, by adjusting the flow behavior of particles moving along the convex pattern surface. To study the effect of particle size relative to the dimensions of the convex pattern surface, a coarse graining technique is applied. Comparisons of bulk flow and wear behavior between the convex pattern and flat surfaces illustrate the two-sided effect of the convex pattern surface on sliding wear. The bulk flow behavior indicates that the particle size has a minor effect on the velocity and angular velocity of particles for the flat surface, while it has a significant effect on those of the convex pattern surface. The wear results show that the particle size has negligible influence on the sliding wear of a flat surface and a linear relationship with the sliding wear of the convex pattern surface. The convex pattern surface can reduce the sliding wear through influencing the flow behavior of the bulk material when the equivalent radius of the convex is larger than r50 of particles. This research reveals the relationship between the dimensions of the convex pattern and the particle size on the sliding wear caused by the interaction between bulk material and bulk handling equipment. The relationship should be carefully considered for the applications of the convex pattern surface to bulk handling equipment.

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Hoffmann, N. P., and U. Stolz. "On transient growth of wear pattern properties." Wear 268, no. 7-8 (2010): 886–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.12.030.

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Cumming, Deb, and Nina Weaver. "One-piece pattern cutting: contoured active-wear." International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education 12, no. 3 (2019): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17543266.2019.1587790.

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Hoffmann, Norbert. "On wear pattern generation in elastic systems." PAMM 7, no. 1 (2007): 4050003–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700052.

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Park, Mi-Kyeoung, and Jung-A. Song. "The Study on Jacket pattern in Craftsman Women's Wear Pattern Examination." Journal of the Korean Society for Clothing Industry 12, no. 6 (2010): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5805/ksci.2010.12.6.781.

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Bakaeva, O. A., and E. D. Shurgina. "Software Development for Automated Design of Principal Women Wear Patterns." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 22, no. 4 (2024): 37–44. https://doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2024-4-37-44.

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In this article the review of IT-tools for pattern design is carried out. The problems and disadvantages of the used software are identified and the development of a software for the automated principal pattern design of women's clothing “PIONY”, which has a number of advantages, is described. These include free functionality, three modes of operation (“Guest”, “Shaper”, “Shaper+”), personal account, the ability to save the pattern in the required format and scale. Also, this system allows for an unauthorized user to work in the system, providing him with incomplete functionality ofdesigning a pattern of one product on a standard size in accordance withRussian National Standard GOST. The main advantage of the software is the ability todesign patterns of five items (top, robe, pants, shorts and skirt) according to individual user’smeasurements, taking into account additional parameters (additions, and type of silhouette), and print it in real scale. The software structure is presented in the form of a UML-diagram. It reflects the activities of the administrator and the user. The program part of the functionality is developed using the programming languages JavaScript, PHP, built-in GD Library, which allows creation drawings using graphical primitives and work with image files. Library functions are used to build geometric objects, drawing simple shapes such as lines, circles, which are the pattern elements. A set of hypertext markup HTML and CSS stylingwas usedfor the interface part. The proposed software will allow people who do not have professional knowledge in the field of sewing to design patterns automatically according to individual measurements by entering data and pressing a few buttons.

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Ando, M., M. Birosz, G. S. Gehlen, P. D. Neis, N. F. Ferreira, and J. Sukumaran. "Surface plastic flow of three-dimensional printed polylactic acid in the tribological study of surface patterned polymer." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 2 (2021): 024001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac3549.

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Abstract The potential of three-dimensional (3D) printing in polymer tribology is poorly explored. Material alignment and composition play vital roles in altering the friction and wear characteristics of 3D printed materials. In the current study, 3D patterns made by fused deposition modelling are used to print advanced tribo-composites. Two different surface patterns (line and circular) are provided through 3D printing using white and silver polylactic acid (PLA). The deformation and distribution of white and silver PLA over the samples surface are observed after a wear test. Results showed that the coefficient of friction is not influenced by changes in the surface pattern. However, the wear rate increased for samples with line patterns on the contact surface, since plastic flow was more significant in this case. Moreover, the filling factor exhibited an influence on increasing the plastic flow of the contact surface for samples with a line pattern.

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Harman, M., S. Affatato, M. Spinelli, M. Zavalloni, S. Stea, and A. Toni. "Polyethylene insert damage in unicondylar knee replacement: A comparison of in vivo function and in vitro simulation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 224, no. 7 (2009): 823–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544119jeim699.

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Modification of knee joint wear simulation methods has included ‘anatomic attachment’ of unicondylar knee replacements (UKR) onto synthetic femurs with material properties and morphology similar to human femurs. The present study assesses the effect of such modification by comparing the damage patterns on UKR polyethylene inserts after in vitro simulation using standard and modified simulation methods with those on inserts retrieved after in vivo function. Three groups of UKR inserts were evaluated after retrieval (Explant Group, n = 17) or after knee joint wear simulation with the components attached to standard metal blocks (Standard Group, n = 6) or synthetic femurs (Anatomic Group, n = 6). All UKR had similar non-conforming articular surfaces. Articular damage patterns (mode, frequency, and area) were quantified using digital image photogrammetry. Although some common damage modes were noted, knee joint wear simulation with standard or ‘anatomic’ attachment did not generate damage pattern sizes similar to the explanted UKR. A focal damage pattern consistent with contact between the metal femoral articular surface and the polyethylene inserts was evident on all inserts, but only the Explant Group had evidence of dispersed damage dominated by abrasive modes. Synthetic femurs added complexity to the wear simulation without generating wear patterns substantially more similar to those observed on retrieved inserts.

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Horng, Jeng Hour, Jen Fin Lin, and Ke Yang Lee. "The Effect of Surface Irregularities on the Tribological Behavior of Steel Rollers Under Rolling-Sliding Contact." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 2 (1994): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927198.

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Experiments were conducted utilizing a gear-cam adapter to simulate line-contact lubrication and wear. Roller specimens with various asperity heights and roughness patterns were riding on the roller plates and sliding over the two lands of the lower specimen. The experimental results reveal that the roughness pattern and the asperity height are of importance in determining the friction coefficient, whereas asperity height is more related to the wear rate. The temperature rise of the lubricant seems to be seldom affected by the foregoing factors, but is governed by the combined effect of applied load and driver’s rotational speed. Surface roughness with a transversely oriented pattern, irrespective of the asperity height, normally generates a smaller friction coefficient and a relatively larger wear rate compared to the other two roughness patterns. Rollers having a smooth surface (0.2 μm) do not always lead to the smallest friction, but usually produce the minimum wear rate. The operating conditions, including the increase in applied load, and the reduction of the driver’s rotational speed, along with the increase of asperity height, form the controlling factors of increasing wear rate.

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Pramesti, Defi, Winarto Winarto, and Muhammad Athaila Ramadhanu. "The effect of deposition bead pattern and multilayer hardfacing on wear resistance of Q55 rail using SMAW." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2980, no. 1 (2025): 012009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2980/1/012009.

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Abstract This study aims to analyze the effect of weld bead pattern and multilayer hardfacing on the hardness, toughness, and wear resistance values of Q55 using the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process with Panalloy 312 MA and 307 MA for the buffer layer and HiMn for the surface. The welding technique used bead pattern string and weaving on a railroad substrate Q55. Tests included hardness testing using the Vickers Micro Hardness, Charpy impact testing, the Ogoshi wear testing, and metallographic analysis using Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS). The results show that the weld bead pattern significantly affects the material’s hardness, wear, and toughness values. String patterns produce higher hardness, with the most considerable hardness value of 467 HV, compared to weaving, which obtains the most considerable hardness value of 355 HV. Impact testing showed that the sample with the string had better toughness, with an average impact test value of 46.05 J, while the weaving obtained an average impact value of 44.30 J. The wear test results show that the string application has better wear resistance with an average value of the abraded volume of 0.01667 mm3 compared to the weaving, obtaining a wear test result value of 0.04306 mm3. SEM-EDS analysis showed homogeneous chemical distribution in each weld seam and the formation of ductile fracture mechanism in the test samples after impact testing. This study contributes to selecting the optimal weld bead pattern to improve the quality and service life of high-carbon steel in rail.

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Li, Xin Ge, Xue Qin Wang, Jia Lin Li, and Chen Zheng. "Innovation of Creative Lady Wear Based on Origami and Jacquard." Advanced Materials Research 1048 (October 2014): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1048.268.

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This paper presents a research of women clothing style, pattern design, and fabric by developing origami culture and double faced jacquard weaving. Four kinds of clothing styles are researched by folding fabric according some origami concept. Based on the developed folded garment structures, some positioned patterns are studied for modern advanced fashion design purposes. In the technology aspect, jacquard technology is used in this study. Jacquard technology uses double stitching structure which face and back patterns are not the same. The face fabric is colorful with pure silk while the back fabric is composite of twill and eight weft satin pattern with silk and cashmere yarn. The final example presents a combination creation of garment and fabric. The method and design of this type of creation requires a high integration of aesthetic and technical aspects, therefore a high added value would be achieved.

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Dai, S. J., Dong Hui Wen, and Ju Long Yuan. "PCBN Tool Wear Mechanism in Hard Turning Hardened Bearing Steel." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.334.

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The wear pattern and mechanism during continuous hard turning GCr15 hardened bearing steel with BZN8200 PCBN cutting tool was studied. Experimental results showed that the main wear pattern is crater wear in rake face and mechanical wear in flank face, the main wear mechanism is made-up with adhesive, oxidization and diffusive wear. The adhesive wear is generated by melt workpiece material flows with binder material of PCBN tool during initial cutting, oxidative wear is derived by cutting temperature and pressure of cutting zone when the flank wear increase after initial cutting, diffusive wear phenomenon is the absolute mechanism with the diffusive effect between workpiece and tool material in final cutting time.

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Sekhar, Jainagesh A. "Self-Organization, Entropy Generation Rate, and Boundary Defects: A Control Volume Approach." Entropy 23, no. 8 (2021): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23081092.

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Self-organization that leads to the discontinuous emergence of optimized new patterns is related to entropy generation and the export of entropy. Compared to the original pattern that the new, self-organized pattern replaces, the new features could involve an abrupt change in the pattern-volume. There is no clear principle of pathway selection for self-organization that is known for triggering a particular new self-organization pattern. The new pattern displays different types of boundary-defects necessary for stabilizing the new order. Boundary-defects can contain high entropy regions of concentrated chemical species. On the other hand, the reorganization (or refinement) of an established pattern is a more kinetically tractable process, where the entropy generation rate varies continuously with the imposed variables that enable and sustain the pattern features. The maximum entropy production rate (MEPR) principle is one possibility that may have predictive capability for self-organization. The scale of shapes that form or evolve during self-organization and reorganization are influenced by the export of specific defects from the control volume of study. The control volume (CV) approach must include the texture patterns to be located inside the CV for the MEPR analysis to be applicable. These hypotheses were examined for patterns that are well-characterized for solidification and wear processes. We tested the governing equations for bifurcations (the onset of new patterns) and for reorganization (the fine tuning of existing patterns) with published experimental data, across the range of solidification morphologies and nonequilibrium phases, for metallic glass and featureless crystalline solids. The self-assembling features of surface-texture patterns for friction and wear conditions were also modeled with the entropy generation (MEPR) principle, including defect production (wear debris). We found that surface texture and entropy generation in the control volume could be predictive for self-organization. The main results of this study provide support to the hypothesis that self-organized patterns are a consequence of the maximum entropy production rate per volume principle. Patterns at any scale optimize a certain outcome and have utility. We discuss some similarities between the self-organization behavior of both inanimate and living systems, with ideas regarding the optimizing features of self-organized pattern features that impact functionality, beauty, and consciousness.

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Witjes, Suzanne, Alexander Hoorntje, Koen L. M. Koenraadt, Gino M. M. J. Kerkhoffs, and Rutger C. I. van Geenen. "Higher Function Scores and Satisfaction in Patients with Anteromedial Osteoarthritis Compared with Other Wear Patterns of the Knee: 2 Years after Both Total and Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasties." Journal of Knee Surgery 33, no. 07 (2019): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1683925.

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AbstractAnteromedial osteoarthritis (AMOA) is a common wear pattern in primary osteoarthritic knees. In patients with bone-on-bone disease, the most appropriate surgical intervention is still a matter of debate. Knee arthroplasty is a well-accepted treatment to relieve symptoms and regain function. Unfortunately, satisfaction is limited, especially related to activities. A cross-sectional study was performed among patients treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and unicondylar arthroplasty (UKA) to determine if the osteoarthritis wear pattern or type of prosthesis affects knee-specific function scores and satisfaction related to activities. All UKA patients (N = 100) were treated for AMOA. Based on radiological assessment of the wear pattern, TKA patients were divided into two groups: TKA for AMOA (N = 68) and true TKA (N = 99). The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS), new Knee Society score (KSS), anterior knee pain scale, visual analog scales (VASs) for satisfaction about activities, and net promoter score were collected. After 2 years' follow-up, the anterior knee pain scale and VAS satisfaction showed significantly better scores for patients treated with TKA for AMOA compared with the true TKA group. Also in the KOOS subscales, some differences were seen in favor of the TKA for AMOA group. The new KSS was not in favor of a specific wear pattern, but patients with AMOA treated with UKA performed better on the symptoms subscale compared with patients treated with TKA. In conclusion, patients treated with TKA for AMOA showed better knee-specific function scores and satisfaction scores compared with patients treated with TKA for other wear patterns, and only slight differences were found between both the AMOA groups (TKA for AMOA and UKA). Thus, the radiologic assessment of wear patterns might be useful to take into account the shared decision-making process, when discussing expectations, timing, and outcomes with knee osteoarthritis patients considering knee arthroplasty. When AMOA is present, it might be beneficial to choose UKA over TKA.

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Portoaca, Alexandra Ileana, Alin Dinita, Razvan George Ripeanu, and Maria Tănase. "Analysis of Microstructural and Wear Mechanisms for 3D-Printed PET CF15 Using Box–Behnken Design." Lubricants 12, no. 12 (2024): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12120410.

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We examined the impact of 3D-printing parameters, such as the deposition pattern, deposition speed, and layer height, on the tribological performance measured through the coefficient of friction and cumulative linear wear. Optimizing these factors can significantly influence material wear and friction, which is critical for ensuring durability and functionality in practical applications like a cylindrical gear assembly for a vertical-articulated robot. The purpose of the study was to investigate these relationships by employing the Box–Behnken design (BBD) method to systematically analyze the effects of these parameters, while also using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for detailed microstructural characterization. The findings aim to provide insights that can guide the development of more efficient and wear-resistant 3D-printed materials. The strong impact of layer height on CLW was noted, showing that lower layer heights can either improve or worsen wear depending on the combination of speed and pattern, with layer height playing a dominant role in determining wear performance. Lower speeds and specific patterns, particularly lines and concentric patterns, tend to result in higher COF values. The validation test results, with a COF of 0.2215 and CLW of 29.2075, closely align with the predicted values of 0.2064 and 27.3, showing small percentage errors of 7.3% for COF and 6.5% for CLW.

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Krings, Wencke, and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Substrate Roughness Induced Wear Pattern in Gastropod Radulae." Biotribology 26 (June 2021): 100164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotri.2021.100164.

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Park, Sanghee. "Pattern Development of Figure Skating Wear for Schoolgirls." Fashion business 18, no. 2 (2014): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12940/jfb.2014.18.2.54.

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Sharif, K. J., H. P. Evans, and R. W. Snidle. "Prediction of the wear pattern in worm gears." Wear 261, no. 5-6 (2006): 666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.01.018.

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Kazerani Nejad, Reza, and Abbas Sam. "The wear pattern in high pressure grinding rolls." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 126, no. 4 (2016): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03719553.2016.1263059.

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Park, Chi Yong, and Jeong Keun Lee. "Wear Scar Progression of Impact-Fretting at Elevated Temperature for Steam Generator Tubes in Nuclear Power Plants." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1251.

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Fretting wear generated by flow induced vibration is one of the important degradation mechanisms of steam generator tubes in the nuclear power plants. Understanding of tube wear characteristics is very important to keep the integrity of the steam generator tubes to secure the safety of the nuclear power plants. Experimental examination has been performed for the purpose of investigating the impact fretting. Test material is alloy 690 tube and 409 stainless steel tube supports. From the results of experiments, wear scar progression is investigated in the case of impact-fretting wear test of steam generator tubes under plant operating conditions such as pressure of 15MPa, high temperature of 290C and low dissolved oxygen. Hammer imprint that is actual damaged wear pattern, has been observed on the worn surface. From investigation of wear scar pattern, wear mechanism was initially the delamination wear due to cracking the hard oxide film and finally transferred to the stable impact-fretting pattern.

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Zhao, Xin, and Y. Li. "Tool Wear Pattern and Mechanics in High Speed Cutting Microwave Printed Circuit Board." Key Engineering Materials 426-427 (January 2010): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.426-427.515.

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The experimental research on the wear mechanics and the tool life of TiN coated cemented carbide cutting tool in high speed milling of the Rogers/ Duroid RT6010 aluminum base microwave printed circuit board is carried out in his paper. The SEM is used to observe the wear morphology of the rake and flank face of cutting tools. The wear mechanisms of TiN coated tool include abrasive wear, adhesive wear and diffusion wear. It is shown that the abrasive wear is the main reason of cutting the complex material. In this paper, the wear mechanisms are an analyzed in details. The research results are contributive to choose proper high-speed cutting tools and parameters.

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Azodo, Adinife Patrick. "Survey on Road-Tyre Contact Patch Pattern and Wear Related Aspects." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 2 (2017): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0013.

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AbstractMotor vehicle end-users approaches to tyre safety issues in automobiles translate to a number of tyre failure risk factors. This study basically assessed tread wear pattern of tyres in passenger cars used on Nigeria roads. The result obtained showed that 75.4% of the assessed tyres showed uneven wear pattern resulting from incorrect tyre-road contact effects. This observed high proportion of uneven tyre tread wear pattern implies high rate of inconsequential regard for tyre safety.

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He, Jian Feng, Xiao Xiong Jin, and Chen Yuan Hou. "Simulation Analysis and Research of Tire Wear." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 1212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1212.

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The theory of tire wear computation is researched, and steady state transfer analysis and steady state rolling slippage are analyzed and deduced; the uniform wear rate of discrete node on the tire tread pattern is induced based on adhesive wear mechanism. Tire body model and tread pattern model are established by using Neo-Hooken constitutive model and linear elastic model, and the whole tire model is formed. Tire wear simulation analysis is preceded with combination of Abaqus Arbitary Lagrangian and Eulerian (ALE) method and the user subroutine programmed according to tire wear computation model. Tire wear of different mileage under free rolling state, tire wear under breaking condition and driving condition are compared, and slip angle, load and tire pressure’s impact on tire wear are analyzed.

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He, Zhe, Jian Yong Li, Yue Feng Wu, and Yue Ming Liu. "Quantitative Study on Abrasive Belt Wear Based on Geometric Parameters." Key Engineering Materials 764 (February 2018): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.764.156.

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In this paper, based on micro wear form, an approach that using protrusion height, average tool angle, blunt area ratio and coated density to describe the wear of abrasive belt is put forward. The method for calculating the above parameters are also introduced. In experiments, we use the profilometer to collect the abrasive belt surface data and draw figures of the above parameters under service time, which indicates that using topography parameters can describe the degree of belt wear. According to parameters changing slope, the abrasive belt service time is roughly divided into two stages, initial wear stage and stable wear stage but no abrupt wear stage. Initial worn stage grains suffer more stress, patterns of wear are mainly severe wear and pull-off, while stable wear stage grains bear less stress and pattern of worn is dominated by mild wear. In addition to that, the other parameters changing trend is agreed and synchronous with protrusion height.

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Cordill, M. J., N. R. Moody, S. V. Prasad, J. R. Michael, and W. W. Gerberich. "Characterization of the mechanical behavior of wear surfaces on single crystal nickel by nanomechanical techniques." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 3 (2009): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0075.

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In ductile metals, sliding contact induces plastic deformation resulting in subsurfaces, the mechanical properties of which are different from those of the bulk. This article describes a novel combination of nanomechanical test methods and analysis techniques to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the subsurfaces generated underneath a wear surface. In this methodology, nanoscratch techniques were first used to generate wear patterns as a function of load and number of cycles using a Hysitron TriboIndenter. Measurements were made on a (001) single crystal plane along two crystallographic directions, <001> and <011>. Nanoindentation was then used to measure mechanical properties in each wear pattern. The results on the (001) single crystal nickel plane showed that there was a strong increase in hardness with increasing applied load that was accompanied by a change in surface deformation. The amount of deformation underneath the wear patterns was examined from focused ion beam cross-sections of the wear patterns.

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Jiang, Bin, Pei Yi Zhao, Yong Zhong Wang, and Yi Hang Fan. "Influence Characteristics of Cutting-Contact Stress on the Wear of Milling Cutter in High Speed Ball-End Milling Hardened Steel." Advanced Materials Research 500 (April 2012): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.500.192.

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Adopted the cutting-contact model of high speed ball-end milling hardened steel surfaces, researched distribution characteristics of cutting-contact stress; by researching the influence of the distribution of this stress on cutter wear, clarified the influence theory of milling pattern and cutting parameters on initial wear of milling cutter. By using the method of climbing, conventional milling alternating and changing cutting parameters, verified the influence of milling pattern and cutting parameters on initial wear pattern. The result showed that, initial wear mechanism of high speed milling hardened steel is an interaction of multiple wear mechanisms under the effect of friction and alternating pressure stress, by using conventional milling can significantly reduce concave curvature radius of hardened steel, the contact stress of blade area and front, rear flank, inhibit crushing and wear rate of the milling cutter surfaces. Under this condition, by increasing rotation speed and reducing the feed per blade, will further increase the strength of this effect, and achieve the purpose of reducing the initial wear, inhibiting the wear rate and extending the cutters life.

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Bhushan, B., and S. M. Forehand. "In situ instrumentation for localized wear studies of magnetic thin-film disks." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 211, no. 4 (1997): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1350650971542462.

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An experimental set-up and a procedure to make in situ localized measurements of various wear processes on magnetic thin-film disks are developed. The coefficient of friction, acoustic emission and optical reflectance are monitored simultaneously. Results are analysed to determine ‘precursors to failure’ and to compare the effects of lubricant, surface roughness, overcoat and normal load on disk wear. Disk wear is observed to follow a pattern of lubricant depletion followed by head slider-overcoat asperity contact. Wear tracks are formed after asperity contact. Lubricant extends disk wear life, as does a polished surface texture, and an SiO2 overcoat wears more slowly than a diamond-like carbon overcoat. The experimental methodology developed in this study should be of interest in studying precursors to failure of any moving interface.

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Conradi, Marjetka, Bojan Podgornik, Maja Remškar, Damjan Klobčar, and Aleksandra Kocijan. "Tribological Evaluation of Vegetable Oil/MoS2 Nanotube-Based Lubrication of Laser-Textured Stainless Steel." Materials 16, no. 17 (2023): 5844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16175844.

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In the present work, the functionalisation of austenitic stainless steel, AISI 316L surfaces via nanosecond Nd:YAG laser texturing in order to modify the surface morphology with crosshatch and dimple patterns is presented. A tribological analysis under lubrication with sunflower and jojoba oil with and without the addition of a solid lubricant, MoS2 nanotubes, was performed. In conjunction with friction/wear response laser-textured surface wettability, oil spreadability and oil retention capacity were also analysed. It was shown that the crosshatch pattern generally exhibited lower friction than the dimple pattern, with the addition of MoS2 nanotubes not having any significant effect on the coefficient of friction under the investigated contact conditions. This was found in addition to the better oil spreadability and oil retention capacity results of the crosshatch-textured surface. Furthermore, texturing reduced the wear of the stainless-steel surfaces but led to an approximately one order of magnitude larger wear rate of the steel counter-body, primarily due to the presence of hard bulges around the textured patterns. Overall, the crosshatch pattern showed better oil retention capacity and lower friction in combination with different vegetable oils, thus making it a promising choice for improving tribological performance in various environmentally friendly applications.

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Setiyana, Budi, Muhammad Khafidh, Mohammad Tauviqirrahman, Rifky Ismail, Jamari, and Dirk Jan Schipper. "Friction and Wear Pattern of Silica-Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) in Sliding Contact with a Blade Indenter." Lubricants 9, no. 11 (2021): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9110110.

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This study investigated the friction and wear pattern of silica-reinforced Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) in sliding friction with a steel blade indenter. The experiments were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer at various applied loads and examined under dry and wet contact conditions. Analysis was focused on investigating the coefficient of friction and length of wear pattern spacing. Related to coefficient of friction identification, the abrasion theory was applied here. In addition, the stick-slip theory to identify the wear pattern spacing was also applied. Results of the experiments show that the overall coefficient of friction (COF) decreases along with the increasing applied loads. The COF in wet conditions is much lower at the beginning of sliding time than the COF in dry conditions. The wear pattern spacing increases with increasing loads. However, it seems that there is no significant difference in pattern spacing between the dry and wet contact condition. In general, the experimental results agree qualitatively with the analytical results.

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Kang, Jing, and Li Na Guan. "Tool Wear Intelligence Measure in Cutting Process Based on HMM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.482.

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A method of tool wear intelligence measure based on Discrete Hidden Markov Models (DHMM) is proposed to monitor tool wear and to predict tool failure. FFT features are first extracted from the vibration signal and cutting force in cutting process, and then FFT vectors are presorted and converted into integers by SOM. Finally, these codes are introduced to DHMM for machine learning and 3 models for different tool wear stage are built up. Pattern of HMM is recognised by calculating probability. The results of tool wear intelligence measure and pattern recognition of tool wear experiments show that the method is effective.

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Li, Mao, Yong Wei Zhu, Jun Li, Jian Feng Ye, and Ji Long Fan. "Wear of Polishing Pad and Pattern Optimization of Fixed Abrasive Pad." Advanced Materials Research 126-128 (August 2010): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.126-128.82.

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The polishing pad plays a significant role in the Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) process and its wear influences the surface accuracy of the polished wafer. A new polishing pad wear model is introduced and the law of pad wear along the pad radius is discussed, thus a new FAP with optimized pattern is designed and prepared in order. The flatness of the wafer lapped with a uniform pattern pad and that with an optimized pattern was compared. Results show that the PV value of the latter is lower that of the former.

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B. Netra and Subathra B. Sangeethkumar. "Sustainable Zero Waste Pattern Making: Geo-Cut Techniques for Pre and Post-Maternity Wear Design." Green Lifestyle and International Market 1, no. 01 (2024): 30–40. https://doi.org/10.34256/glim1.v1i01.30.

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Background: Zero-waste pattern making is an innovative approach to garment design that minimizes fabric waste and aligns with sustainable fashion goals. The technique involves creating patterns that use the entire fabric, reducing environmental impact by eliminating scraps. This approach is especially important in maternity wear, where comfort, adaptability, and environmental responsibility are priorities. Purpose: This study aims to design and develop pre- and post-maternity wear using a zero-waste pattern-making approach, with a focus on the geo-cut technique. The objective is to create garments that adapt to the changing body shape during pregnancy, ensuring both functionality and sustainability while addressing the unique needs of each trimester. Methods: The geo-cut technique was used to design maternity wear that adapts to size variations throughout and after pregnancy. The study included creating multi-view drawings in CAD to facilitate just-in-time delivery and ensure consistent documentation for each design. A soft, sustainable cotton fabric was selected, and the garments were tested for comfort and adaptability across trimesters, along with an assessment of the impact of zero-waste patterning on production efficiency. Results: Garments developed using the geo-cut zero-waste technique demonstrated high adaptability and comfort across all trimesters. Initial feedback indicates strong client acceptance, with the designs being both aesthetically pleasing and cost-effective due to reduced fabric waste. The application of zero-waste patterning successfully aligned with sustainability objectives while maintaining product appeal. Conclusions: Zero-waste pattern-making in maternity wear design, particularly through the geo-cut technique, has proven effective in addressing environmental concerns and customers’ needs for adaptable clothing. This approach underscores the potential for wider adoption of zero-waste techniques within sustainable fashion. Keywords: Geo-cut technique, Maternity wear, Sustainable fashion, Zero-waste pattern making

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