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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'XENON1T'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Toschi, Francesco. "Study of the electronic recoil background of the XENON1T experiment." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15785/.

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Uno dei principali protagonisti della caccia alla Materia Oscura è il Progetto XENON presso i LNGS, con l'obiettivo di rivelare le WIMP. Forti dell'esperienza proveniente dalle precedenti fasi del Progetto, l'attuale esperimento XENON1T è il primo che contiene circa 3.2 t di xenon liquido, di cui circa 2 t costituiscono la massa attiva della TPC a doppia fase. E questa è la prima TPC con massa attiva superiore a 1 t e con il più basso livello di fondo tra tutti gli esperimenti di questo tipo. Nel 2017, con un tempo di esposizione di soli 34.2 giorni, XENON1T ha ottenuto uno dei miglior limiti di esclusione per la sezione d'urto di interazione WIMP-nucleo non dipendente dallo spin. Nella prima parte del presente lavoro di tesi, verifico la possibilità che il neutron generator (NG), una sorgente di neutroni per la calibrazione della risposta del rivelatore ai rinculi nucleari (NR), possa essere una sorgente di fondo per il rivelatore essendo posizionato vicino alla TPC. Dalla stima del rate di eventi in presenza o meno del NG, nessuna differenza è stata osservata per gli eventi da rinculo elettronico (ER) a bassa energia. Successivamente alla valutazione dell'attività di U238 e Th232 nei materiali del NG, è possibile stimare il fondo indotto da neutroni radiogenici atteso dal NG: poiché risulta essere due ordini di grandezza inferiore a quanto atteso dai materiali di costruzione del rivelatore, può essere considerato un contributo trascurabile. Nella parte finale della tesi si presentano tutte le possibili sorgenti di fondo per eventi ER nel rivelatore di XENON1T e la simulazione, con il programma GEANT4, di tale fondo. In particolare, è esaminata e discussa la nuova implementazione della simulazione per il doppio decadimento beta dell'isotopo Xe136. Lo stato dell'arte del confronto delle simulazioni Monte Carlo con i dati reali è mostrato alla fine del lavoro di tesi: i risultati preliminari evidenziano una buona conoscenza del fondo dell'ER nel rivelatore XENON1T.
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2

Corasaniti, Maria. "Monte Carlo simulation of a neutron veto for the XENONnT experiment." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13974/.

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XENON1T, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, is currently the largest experiment for direct dark matter search. It consists of a dual phase TPC filled with 2 tonnes of xenon, and has completed the first science run in January 2017, obtaining the most stringent exclusion limits on the spin-independent WIMP- nucleon interaction cross section for WIMP masses above 10 GeV/c2, with a minimum of 7.7·10−47 cm2 for 35-GeV/c2 WIMPs at 90% confidence level. Currently the experiment is still in data acquisition and aims at a sensitivity of 1.6 · 10−47 cm2 for WIMP masses of 50 GeV/c2 in 2 t·y exposure. A next generation detector, called XENONnT, is already foreseen by the collaboration. It will have a larger TPC with an increased xenon target (∼ 6 t) which will improve the WIMP sensitivity by another order of magnitude. For this purpose, it also requires a very low background level. The expected neutron background for the new designed time projection chamber is ∼5 events in the 4 t fiducial volume, in the nominal 20 ton·year exposure. In this work we present a Monte Carlo simulation study of a Gd-loaded liquid scintillator neutron veto for the XENONnT experiment, with the goal of tagging the background events from radiogenic neutrons. Results indicate that, for a scintillating mixture with 0.1% of gadolinium by weight, and a light collection efficiency of ∼7%, we obtain a neutron rejection factor higher than 80%. This allows to reduce the neutron background by a factor ∼5, in order to be in full agreement with the background goal of the XENONnT experiment: <1 background event in the total exposure.
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3

Geis, Christopher Werner [Verfasser]. "The XENON1T water Cherenkov muon veto system and commissioning of the XENON1T Dark Matter experiment / Christopher Werner Geis." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116644936X/34.

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4

Rossi, Monica. "Studio delle interazioni dei neutroni nell'esperimento xenon1t." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6158/.

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La presenza di materia oscura nell'universo venne ipotizzata negli anni '30 a seguito di alcune anomalie nei risultati sperimentali ottenuti in astrofisica e cosmologia. La distribuzione di materia ottenuta non concordava infatti con i dati provenienti dalle osservazioni astronomiche e gli scienziati ipotizzarono l'esistenza di un tipo di materia, denominata appunto materia oscura, che interagisse debolmente con la radiazione elettromagnetica e fosse quindi interamente invisibile ai telescopi, sia che fossero a radiofrequenze che operanti nel campo del visibile o con raggi gamma e X, ma che producesse effetti gravitazionali. Nel corso degli anni si sono aggiunte ulteriori evidenze a sostegno dell'esistenza di materia oscura, provenienti anche dallo studio della cosmologia, e numerosi esperimenti (tra cui XENON, IGEX, DAMA/LIBRA) sono stati condotti per cercare di determinare tipo e massa delle particelle o la loro abbondanza (PLANCK). Il lavoro di questa tesi consiste in uno studio delle interazioni dei neutroni con lo xenon per l'esperimento XENON1T. I neutroni costituiscono un fondo particolarmente pericoloso per l'esperimento, in quanto producono uno scattering direttamente sul nucleo allo stesso modo delle particelle di materia oscura. Nel lavoro svolto sono state dapprima analizzate le caratteristiche delle singole interazioni con lo xenon contenuto nella camera, per poi passare ad uno studio più specifico sul comportamento dei neutroni prodotti dai fotomoltiplicatori del rivelatore. In seguito alle analisi svolte è stato possibile caratterizzare il fondo di neutroni in modo più preciso, permettendo di determinare alcuni criteri di selezione per il loro riconoscimento.
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5

Rocchetti, Arianna. "MonteCarlo simulation of the XENON1T experiment and first comparison with the Muon Veto data." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13513/.

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L’esperimento XENON1T, in acquisizione dati presso i Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, è una Time Projection Chamber (TPC) contenente 2 t di xeno liquido ed ha come obiettivo una sensibilità per sezioni d'urto WIMP-nucleone indipendenti dallo spin pari a 1.6 10^(-47) cm^(2), per WIMP di massa 50 GeV/c^(2), in 2 t y. A tale scopo è fondamentale la riduzione di tutte le sorgenti di fondo. Per abbattere il fondo esterno la TPC è inserita all'interno di un Muon Veto: una vasca cilindrica riempita di acqua, dotata di 84 fotomoltiplicatori (PMT) , che funge sia da schermo passivo contro la radiazione esterna (gamma e neutroni), sia da veto per i muoni grazie alla rivelazione della luce Cherenkov da essi prodotta in acqua. In questo lavoro presentiamo uno studio sulle configurazioni di trigger del Muon Veto e sulla sua efficienza. Lo studio è basato sul confronto di simulazioni Monte Carlo con i primi dati del rivelatore. Si ottiene un'efficienza del 99.5% per eventi di muone e del 43% per sciami generati da interazioni del muone nella roccia che circonda la sala sperimentale, e conseguente riduzione degli eventi di background attesi nell'attuale run scientifico a 1.3 10^(-3) eventi. È già previsto dalla collaborazione il futuro upgrade dell'esperimento: XENONnT. Uno studio sulle possibili geometrie della TPC di XENONnT è stato effettuato mediante simulazioni Monte Carlo. Tra le possibili migliorie apportabili a XENONnT vi è la sostituzione degli attuali sensori di luce con fotomoltiplicatori al silicio (SiPM). Le simulazioni mostrano che, mediante una copertura totale della TPC con i SiPM, si ha un aumento dell'efficienza nella collezione di luce (LCE) del 20%. La LCE è un parametro fondamentale per la rivelazione del segnale di luce (S1) nella TPC; in questa configurazione si raggiunge una soglia in energia per rinculi nucleari di circa 3 keV, aumentando in modo significativo la sensibilità dell'esperimento, in particolare per WIMP di piccola massa.
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6

Levy, Cecilia [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinheimer. "Light propagation and reflection off teflon in liquid xenon detectors for the XENON100 and XENON1T dark matter experiments / Cecilia Levy ; Betreuer: Christian Weinheimer." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2014. http://d-nb.info/113828226X/34.

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7

Girotti, Paolo. "Simulazione Monte Carlo del muon veto dell'esperimento XENON1T." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12022/.

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Numerose osservazioni astrofisiche e cosmologiche compiute a partire dagli anni '30 confermano che circa il 26% dell'Universo è costituito da materia oscura. Tale materia ha la particolarità di interagire solo gravitazionalmente e, forse, debolmente: essa si presenta massiva e neutra. Tra le numerose ipotesi avanzate riguardanti la natura della materia oscura una delle più accreditate è quella delle WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle). Il progetto all'avanguardia nella ricerca diretta delle WIMP è XENON presso i Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). Tale esperimento è basato sulla diffusione elastica delle particelle ricercate su nuclei di Xeno: il rivelatore utilizzato è una TPC a doppia fase (liquido-gas). La rivelazione diretta di materia oscura prevede l'impiego di un rivelatore molto grande, a causa della piccola probabilità di interazione, e di ambienti a bassa radioattività naturale, per ridurre al minimo il rumore di fondo. Risulta necessario inoltre l'utilizzo di uno schermo attivo che individui particelle di alta energia, in particolare muoni cosmici, che possono produrre falsi segnali. È stato realizzato a tale scopo un sistema di Muon Veto composto da un grande cilindro d'acqua posto attorno alla TPC, equipaggiato con 84 fotorivelatori atti ad osservare i fotoni ottici emessi per effetto Čherenkov dai raggi cosmici. Il presente lavoro di tesi si colloca nell'ambito di un programma di simulazione Monte Carlo, creato per realizzare virtualmente l'esperimento XENON1T e per effettuare studi preliminari. Lo scopo di tale lavoro è stato quello di contribuire alla scrittura e alla verifica del codice di simulazione e allo studio di eventi di muoni cosmici da esso generati. L'analisi dati è stata effettuata scrivendo un programma in C++ in grado di analizzare i risultati forniti dal simulatore e di generare degli Event Display statici e dinamici per una visualizzazione efficace degli eventi.
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8

Massoli, Fabio Valerio <1987&gt. "The XENON1T experiment: Monte Carlo background estimation and sensitivity curves study." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6776/.

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Despite the scientific achievement of the last decades in the astrophysical and cosmological fields, the majority of the Universe energy content is still unknown. A potential solution to the “missing mass problem” is the existence of dark matter in the form of WIMPs. Due to the very small cross section for WIMP-nuleon interactions, the number of expected events is very limited (about 1 ev/tonne/year), thus requiring detectors with large target mass and low background level. The aim of the XENON1T experiment, the first tonne-scale LXe based detector, is to be sensitive to WIMP-nucleon cross section as low as 10^-47 cm^2. To investigate the possibility of such a detector to reach its goal, Monte Carlo simulations are mandatory to estimate the background. To this aim, the GEANT4 toolkit has been used to implement the detector geometry and to simulate the decays from the various background sources: electromagnetic and nuclear. From the analysis of the simulations, the level of background has been found totally acceptable for the experiment purposes: about 1 background event in a 2 tonne-years exposure. Indeed, using the Maximum Gap method, the XENON1T sensitivity has been evaluated and the minimum for the WIMP-nucleon cross sections has been found at 1.87 x 10^-47 cm^2, at 90% CL, for a WIMP mass of 45 GeV/c^2. The results have been independently cross checked by using the Likelihood Ratio method that confirmed such results with an agreement within less than a factor two. Such a result is completely acceptable considering the intrinsic differences between the two statistical methods. Thus, in the PhD thesis it has been proven that the XENON1T detector will be able to reach the designed sensitivity, thus lowering the limits on the WIMP-nucleon cross section by about 2 orders of magnitude with respect to the current experiments.
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Rauch, Franz Ludwig [Verfasser], and Undagoitia Teresa [Akademischer Betreuer] Marrodan. "From Final Dark Matter Results and Background Shape Uncertainties in XENON100 to First Light in XENON1T / Franz Ludwig Rauch ; Betreuer: Teresa Marrodan Undagoitia." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1178008754/34.

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10

Di, Gangi Pietro. "Study of the sensitivity of the XENON1T experiment with the profile likelihood method." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8348/.

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Oggi sappiamo che la materia ordinaria rappresenta solo una piccola parte dell'intero contenuto in massa dell'Universo. L'ipotesi dell'esistenza della Materia Oscura, un nuovo tipo di materia che interagisce solo gravitazionalmente e, forse, tramite la forza debole, è stata avvalorata da numerose evidenze su scala sia galattica che cosmologica. Gli sforzi rivolti alla ricerca delle cosiddette WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), il generico nome dato alle particelle di Materia Oscura, si sono moltiplicati nel corso degli ultimi anni. L'esperimento XENON1T, attualmente in costruzione presso i Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) e che sarà in presa dati entro la fine del 2015, segnerà un significativo passo in avanti nella ricerca diretta di Materia Oscura, che si basa sulla rivelazione di collisioni elastiche su nuclei bersaglio. XENON1T rappresenta la fase attuale del progetto XENON, che ha già realizzato gli esperimenti XENON10 (2005) e XENON100 (2008 e tuttora in funzione) e che prevede anche un ulteriore sviluppo, chiamato XENONnT. Il rivelatore XENON1T sfrutta circa 3 tonnellate di xeno liquido (LXe) e si basa su una Time Projection Chamber (TPC) a doppia fase. Dettagliate simulazioni Monte Carlo della geometria del rivelatore, assieme a specifiche misure della radioattività dei materiali e stime della purezza dello xeno utilizzato, hanno permesso di predire con accuratezza il fondo atteso. In questo lavoro di tesi, presentiamo lo studio della sensibilità attesa per XENON1T effettuato tramite il metodo statistico chiamato Profile Likelihood (PL) Ratio, il quale nell'ambito di un approccio frequentista permette un'appropriata trattazione delle incertezze sistematiche. In un primo momento è stata stimata la sensibilità usando il metodo semplificato Likelihood Ratio che non tiene conto di alcuna sistematica. In questo modo si è potuto valutare l'impatto della principale incertezza sistematica per XENON1T, ovvero quella sulla emissione di luce di scintillazione dello xeno per rinculi nucleari di bassa energia. I risultati conclusivi ottenuti con il metodo PL indicano che XENON1T sarà in grado di migliorare significativamente gli attuali limiti di esclusione di WIMPs; la massima sensibilità raggiunge una sezione d'urto σ=1.2∙10-47 cm2 per una massa di WIMP di 50 GeV/c2 e per una esposizione nominale di 2 tonnellate∙anno. I risultati ottenuti sono in linea con l'ambizioso obiettivo di XENON1T di abbassare gli attuali limiti sulla sezione d'urto, σ, delle WIMPs di due ordini di grandezza. Con tali prestazioni, e considerando 1 tonnellata di LXe come massa fiduciale, XENON1T sarà in grado di superare gli attuali limiti (esperimento LUX, 2013) dopo soli 5 giorni di acquisizione dati.
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Vargas, Miguel Ángel [Verfasser], and Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinheimer. "Data analysis in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment / Miguel Ángel Vargas ; Betreuer: Christian Weinheimer." Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1191375730/34.

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12

Agostini, Federica. "Caratterizzazione e calibrazione dei fotomoltiplicatori del sistema di veto di muoni per l'esperimento xenon1t." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5955/.

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Alcune osservazioni sperimentali portano ad affermare che la maggior parte della massa dell'universo è costituita da un tipo di materia definita oscura, cioè materia che interagisce solo gravitazionalmente e debolmente. I candidati più promettenti sono tipicamente identificati con le WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle). L'esperimento XENON1T per la rivelazione di materia oscura, in fase di costruzione nei Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, sfrutta uno spessore di 1.4 km di roccia schermante. Il rivelatore è una Time Projection Chamber contenente circa 2 tonnellate di xeno e avrà sensibilità per sezioni d’urto WIMP-nucleo spin-indipendent pari a circa 2x10-47 cm2 (per WIMP di massa 50 GeV/c2), due ordini di grandezza al di sotto degli attuali limiti. Per raggiungere tale sensibilità la TPC sarà inserita in una tank cilindrica riempita di acqua ultrapura, che fungerà sia da schermo passivo contro la radiazione esterna (gamma e neutroni di bassa energia), sia da veto per i muoni cosmici. I muoni possono infatti produrre neutroni di energia tale da raggiungere la TPC e simulare segnali tipici delle WIMP. Essi sono identificati per via della radiazione Cherenkov, emessa in seguito al loro passaggio in acqua, rivelata per mezzo di 84 fotomoltiplicatori (PMT) 8'' Hamamatsu R5912ASSY HQE. Lo studio delle prestazioni e delle caratteristiche dei PMT utilizzati nel sistema di veto di muoni sono lo scopo di questo lavoro di tesi. In particolare è stato preparato un opportuno setup per i test dei fotomoltiplicatori e sono state effettuate misure di guadagno, dark rate ed afterpulse. In una prima fase sono stati testati in aria 50 PMT presso la Sezione INFN di Bologna, nel periodo compreso tra Novembre 2012 e Marzo 2013 ed in una seconda fase sono stati testati in acqua 90 PMT presso i Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, nel periodo compreso tra Aprile e Settembre 2013.
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Therreau, Chloé. "Analyse de données de l'expérience XENON1T : Calibration des reculs électroniques pour des énergies comprises entre quelques keV et 3 MeV." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0191.

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Durant le siècle dernier, de nombreuses observations astrophysiques et cosmologiques ont montré la présence de matière noire dans l’Univers. Cette matière noire, non-lumineuse et interagissant peu avec la matière ordinaire, représente 80% de la masse de l’Univers et pourrait être composée de particules massives appelées WIMP. XENON1T est une expérience de détection directe de matière noire, utilisant une chambre à projection temporelle remplie de xénon liquide. Fonctionnant dans un environnement dit de bas bruit de fond, XENON1T fut conçu pour détecter le signal produit par la collision élastique des WIMP avec un noyau cible de xénon. Ce signal rare et de faible énergie nécessite des expériences dont la réponse est parfaitement connue et ce pour de longues périodes de prises de données. Des calibrations régulières utilisant une source interne de Kr-83m ont donc été mises en place et permettent de s’assurer de la stabilité du détecteur. Grâce son environnement de très bas bruit de fond, XENON1T permet également l’étude d’autres processus rares. En particulier, la recherche de décroissance double ß sans émission de neutrinos est une perspective possible grâce à la présence naturelle du Xe-136, un émetteur double ß-. La détection d’une telle décroissance pourrait permettre de déterminer la nature des neutrinos. Le signal recherché est un recul électronique dont l’énergie est grande par rapport à l’énergie attendue pour la recherche de matière noire. Une analyse dédiée a donc été mise en place afin de reconstruire ces évènements de hautes énergies. Cette analyse a permis d’atteindre la meilleure résolution en énergie, dans la région d’intérêt pour la recherche de décroissance double ß sans émission de neutrinos, pour des expériences utilisant du xénon liquide comme cible
In the last century, several astrophysical observations have provided strong evidence of the existence of dark matter in the Universe. This dark matter, non-luminous and weakly interactive with ordinary matter, is responsible for 80% of the Universe’s mass and could be composed of massive particles called WIMPs. XENON1T is a direct dark matter experiment. It consists of a dual-phase time projection chamber filled with liquid xenon and is operating in an ultra-low background environment. XENON1T was designed to detect the elastic WIMP-xenon nucleus scattering. The rare and low energy signals produced by such interaction ask for a well-known response of the detector and for a long period of data taking. Regular calibration, using an internal source of Kr-83m, were thus carried out to monitor the detector stability. Thanks to the ultra-low background environment, XENON1T allows studying other rare processes. Among them, the search for neutrinoless double ß decay, meant to probe the nature of neutrinos, is a possible perspective thanks to the natural presence of the Xe-136, a double ß decay isotope. The signal expected is an electronic recoil at higher energy with respect to dark matter searches. A dedicated analysis was carried out in order to reconstruct high energy events, allowing to reach the best energy resolution obtained in an experiment using liquid xenon in the region of interest for neutrinoless double ß decay
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Brünner, Stefan Augustin [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Lindner. "Mitigation of 222Rn induced background in the XENON1T dark matter experiment / Stefan Augustin Brünner ; Betreuer: Manfred Lindner." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1178009297/34.

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Brünner, Stefan A. [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Lindner. "Mitigation of 222Rn induced background in the XENON1T dark matter experiment / Stefan Augustin Brünner ; Betreuer: Manfred Lindner." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-232613.

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Cichon, Dominick [Verfasser], and Undagoitia Teresa [Akademischer Betreuer] Marrodán. "Liquid xenon detector physics with XENON1T and HeXe: electric noise stability, background discrimination studies and measurements of the scintillation pulse shape / Dominick Cichon ; Betreuer: Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225868521/34.

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Schindler, Stefan [Verfasser]. "An improved signal model for a dual-phase xenon TPC using Bayesian inference and studies on the software trigger efficiency of the XENON1T DAQ system / Stefan Schindler." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227048599/34.

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Rupp, Natascha Margarita Rosa Elisabeth [Verfasser], and Undagoitia Teresa [Akademischer Betreuer] Marrodán. "Radon Induced Background in the XENON1T Dark Matter Search Experiment and Studies on Xenon Purity in the HeXe System / Natascha Margarita Rosa Elisabeth Rupp ; Betreuer: Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1226541704/34.

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Rupp, Natascha [Verfasser], and Undagoitia Teresa [Akademischer Betreuer] Marrodán. "Radon Induced Background in the XENON1T Dark Matter Search Experiment and Studies on Xenon Purity in the HeXe System / Natascha Margarita Rosa Elisabeth Rupp ; Betreuer: Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1226541704/34.

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Hasterok, Constanze [Verfasser], and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Lindner. "Gas Purity Analytics, Calibration Studies, and Background Predictions towards the First Results of XENON1T / Constanze Hasterok ; Betreuer: Manfred Lindner." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1177688727/34.

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Manalaysay, Aaron Gösta. "Response of liquid xenon to low-energy ionizing radiation and its use in the XENON10 dark matter search." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041109.

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22

Pompa, Federica. "Neutrino physics with the XENONnT experiment." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19448/.

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One of the most active fields in physics is the search for Dark Matter, for which the XENON Project is one of the main protagonists. The new XENONnT experiment will be operative starting from 2020 in the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, under 3600 meters water equivalent of mountain rock shield. It is a multi-ton detector for direct search of Dark Matter, consisting of a double phase liquid-gas xenon TPC which contains 5.9 t of liquid xenon target mass, inserted in a Cryostat surrounded by a tank containing 700 t of Gd-loaded water, instrumented with PMTs for muon and neutron tagging. Its aim, as that of its precursor XENON1T, is to detect WIMPs elastic scattering off xenon nucleus through the measure of the light and charge observable signals produced by recoils in LXe. A new neutron Veto system, surrounding the outer Cryostat and instrumented with 120 additional PMTs, will contribute to reduce the neutron background in the TPC. Thanks to the large xenon target used, this experiment is sensitive also to all flavors of Supernova neutrinos. These can be detected through two different interactions channels: through coherent elastic scatters on xenon nuclei in the TPC and through interactions of electron antineutrinos with protons of water via inverse beta decay process. In the first part of this work, after a theoretical introduction to neutrino physics, I present the results of a Monte Carlo simulation to predict the XENONnT detection efficiencies for neutrino events as IBD interactions in the neutron and muon Vetoes. In the last part of the thesis, I investigate the XENONnT possibility to detect neutrinoless double beta decay of Xe-136 isotope, a Standard Model forbidden decay which can prove the Majorana nature of neutrinos. Starting from evaluation of the ER background rate from Cryostat and PMTs in the energy region where we expect to observe neutrinoless double beta decay, the sensitivity of XENONnT for this nuclear decay was estimated.
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23

Mancuso, Andrea. "Neutron Veto of XENONnT: final construction design of the system and extensive study and calibration of the PMTs." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19854/.

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Numerous and convincing are the experimental evidences that led to the believe that most of the Universe is constituted by the so-called Dark Matter (DM). Its research has attracted many experimental efforts to the point of being considered the greatest mystery of physics. The most promising candidates to DM are generically named as WIMPs, an acronym for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles.The detectors that have reached the most competitive sensitivity levels have in common the characteristics of being built with ultrapure materials and located underground, shielded from cosmic rays. The XENON project,located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS). The XENON1T experiment employed a dual-phase Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with 2t of xenon active mass. The next step of the detector is XENONnT, and is currently in the final assembling stage. With a bigger TPC containing 6t of xenon active mass, the main goal is to improve the detection potential for WIMPs by increasing the sensitivity of one order of magnitude in five years of data taking. That result can be achieved only with a substantial background lowering attained with a reduction of the contaminants of the xenon as well as of the detector materials and finally, with the Neutron Veto system (nVeto); the latter is a detector which tags the radiogenic neutrons coming from the materials of the experiment. The nVeto will employ the gadolinium-loaded water technology to significantly enhance the neutron capture cross-section. It will be instrumented with 120 8'' Hamamatsu R5912 photomultipliers (PMT) featuring high quantum efficiency and low radioactivity. Most of the work done to design and realize the nVeto is the argument of this thesis. In addition, an extensive study of the nVeto PMT performance has been done in a dedicated experimental setup at the LNGS. The complete description of the setup,as well as the results of the nVeto PMT tests, is the other big topic of this thesis.
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24

Micheneau, Kévin. "Etude des électrons résiduels dans XENON100." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4036/document.

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Plusieurs phénomènes gravitationnels indiquent la présence d’une matière non lumineuse, appelée matière noire. Cette dernière est responsable d’environ un quart du budget énergétique total de l’univers. L’un des candidats pressentis pour décrire la matière noire est le WIMP. Pour révéler cette particule par détection directe, la collaboration XENON a développé une chambre à projection temporelle (TPC) à deux phases de xénon : liquide et gazeux. Lorsqu’une particule interagit avec le détecteur XENON100, celle-ci va exciter et ioniser les atomes de xénon. Les photons libérés par la relaxation des atomes vont produire le signal de scintillation S1. Les électrons de l’ionisation dérivent ensuite vers le xénon gazeux pour y produire un second signal, appelé S2. Pour un fonctionnement optimal, le détecteur doit être opérationnel pendant de longues périodes, et contrôlé en permanence. Dans cette optique, les électrons célibataires représentent une sonde idéale car ils ne nécessitent pas de temps de calibration dédié. Ces électrons produisent des signaux de faibles charges, constitués d’un à quelques électrons en coïncidence. Ils sont issus de l’effet photoélectrique des photons des signaux S1 et S2 sur les impuretés électronégatives du xénon liquide ou sur les matériaux de la TPC. En utilisant les électrons célibataires, la stabilité du détecteur est contrôlée. Ces électrons secondaires ont également permis de mettre en évidence un fond continu d’électrons dans le détecteur. Ces derniers sont appelés électrons résiduels
Several gravitational phenomena suggest the presence of a non-luminous matter, named dark matter, which is responsible for about a quarter of the total energetic budget of the Universe. One of the most compelling candidates to describe it are WIMPs (Weakly Interactive Massive Particles). In order to directly detect these particles, the XENON Collaboration has conceived and built dual phase (liquid/gas) time projection chambers (TPC) filled with xenon, among which the XENON100 detector. When a particle interacts with the detector target, it excites and ionizes xenon atoms. Photons from the atoms deexcitation generate a scintillation signal known as S1. The electrons from the ionization follow the applied electric field lines and drift towards the gas phase where they interact to generate a second signal, called S2. During long periods of data taking it is important to keep the detector operational and to continuously monitor its performance. Single electrons represent an ideal probe to achieve this goal as they do not need dedicated calibration time. These electrons produce small charge signals consisting of single to a few electrons in accidental coincidences. They are induced by the photoelectric effect of S1 and S2 photons on either xenon impurities or on the TPC detector's materials. The use of single electrons thus allows to properly control the detector stability. They can also be used to probe the presence of the residual electrons background present in the detector
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25

Beauchamp, Eric. "RADON REMOVAL FROM GASEOUS XENON FOR THE ENRICHED XENON OBSERVATORY." Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2014. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/2148.

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Neutrino oscillation experiments have shown de nite evidence for non-zero neutrino masses. However, these experiments only tell us about neutrino mass di erences, and nothing about the absolute masses themselves. The observation of neutrinoless double-beta (0 ) decay, a hypothetical nuclear transition, would provide the rst absolute mass scale measurement of the neutrino outside of cosmology. This decay would imply the neutrino to be a Majorana particle, the rst fermion of its kind. 0 decay would also be the rst observation of lepton number violation. The Enriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) is currently searching for 0 decay in 136Xe with a half-life greater than 1025 years. EXO-200 is the rst experiment of the EXO physics program, which has observed twoneutrino double beta decay (2 ) in 136Xe for the rst time, with a half-life of 2:165 0:075 1021 years [1]. This is the longest measured half-life to date. EXO is now designing a 5-tonne scale detector, nEXO, to be sensitive to the inverted-scale hierarchy. Despite the careful selection of radiopure substances for the detector, the existence of trace levels of 222Rn is inevitable. One of the daughters of 222Rn, 214Bi, can emit photons at the Q-value for 0 decay, making it a critical background. This dissertation investigates the method of Rn removal from gaseous Xe through the use of a Cu wool trap.
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26

Pointner, Bernard E. Schrobilgen Gary Lee John. "Syntheses and characterization of fluorides and oxide fluorides of xenon(II), xenon(IV), xenon(VI), and iodine(VII) /." *McMaster only, 2005.

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27

Werner, Anett, Thomas Bley, Justus Wick, and Ralf Hauser. "XENOKAT – Biofilter für Xenobiotika in der Ressource Wasser." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-215206.

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Aus der Einleitung: "Xenobiotika werden durch den Menschen in die Stoffkreisläufe der Natur eingebracht, sie sind dort ursprünglich nicht anzutreffen. Dazu zählen auch Medikamente, die der menschliche Körper in kurzer Zeit wieder ausscheidet ohne diese abzubauen. Die bestehenden Abwasserreinigungsanlagen sind derzeit nicht in der Lage diese Frachten vollständig zu eliminieren, sodass sie unweigerlich in die Umwelt gelangen und dort undefiniert Einfluss nehmen. Xenobiotika können bereits in den großen Wasserreservoirs der Erde detektiert werden, die Prognose für die nächsten Jahre zeigt eine 30% Steigerung der Emissionen auf. In Deutschland gelangen z.B. jährlich 63 Tonnen des Schmerzmittels Diclofenac in die Flüsse (Bundesumweltamt 2014). Der Mensch hinterlässt regelrechte anthropogene Fußabdrücke, bestehend aus Schmerzmitteln, Antibiotika und Hormonen. Die problematischen Emissionen einiger Xenobiotika treten anhand von Folgeerscheinungen weltweit immer gravierender zutage (Bundesumweltamt 2014). So müssen das globale Artensterben (Geier in Indien), die Verweiblichung von Tierpopulationen in aquatischen Systemen und Krebserkrankungen mit partiell hohen Xenobiotika-Belastungen in der Umwelt in Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Die Entfernung von Xenobiotika insbesondere aus den Wasserkreisläufen stellt eine große ökonomische als auch ökologische Herausforderung zum Schutz der Lebensräume dar. ..."
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28

Mancuso, Andrea. "Misure di guadagno di fotomoltiplicatori per il sistema di veto di neutroni dell'esperimento XENONnT." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14530/.

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Diverse osservazioni, su scala astronomica e cosmologica, suggeriscono l'esistenza di Materia Oscura e che questa componga quasi il 90% della materia nell'Universo. Le particelle candidate più promettenti sono le Weakly Interacting Massive Particle. La loro rivelazione è difficile a causa della piccola sezione d'urto prevista; l'osservazione di Materia Oscura necessita quindi di rivelatori ultra puri e ultrasensibili, situati in ambienti in cui i segnali di fondo possano essere ridotti. Il progetto XENON, ai Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, si pone l'obiettivo di rivelare direttamente le interazioni della Materia Oscura con rivelatori costituiti da una Time Projection Chamber contenente Xeno. La fase attuale del progetto è XENON1T; i primi risultati non hanno evidenziato eventi dovuti a Materia Oscura, permettendo invece di fissare un limite per la sezione d'urto WIMP-nucleo, indipendente dallo spin e di migliorare quelli precedentemente ottenuti. Con lo scopo di aumentare ulteriormente la sensibilità, ed eventualmente confermare un'osservazione da parte di XENON1T, la collaborazione sta lavorano alla fase successiva, prevista per il 2019: XENONnT. Per ridurre il fondo dovuto a neutroni generati dai materiali del rivelatore è in progetto un sistema di Veto di Neutroni basato su scintillatore liquido dopato con Gadolinio (Gd). Tale rivelatore è completato da 120 Fotomoltiplicatori, ovvero dispositivi in grado di convertire il segnale luminoso in un segnale di corrente analizzabile e amplificabile. In questo lavoro di tesi saranno riportati i risultati di primi test di funzionalità di PMT 8" Hamamatsu R5912-100WA-D30, effettuati presso i laboratori dell'Università e della Sezione INFN di Bologna. In particolare è stato misurato il guadagno di tre PMT campione e lo si è confrontato con i valori forniti dalla casa produttrice, allo scopo di valutare un possibile utilizzo dei PMT nel futuro Veto di Neutroni di XENONnT.
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Scherer, Norbert. "Untersuchungen zur energie- und winkelaufgelösten Photodoppelionisation in ausgewählten Systemen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=961241799.

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30

Bussiahn, René. "Laserabsorptionsspektroskopische Untersuchungen in Helium-Xenon-Glimmentladungen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=98444811X.

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31

O'Neill, Jason Darren. "Brute force polarisation of xenon-129." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13887/.

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In recent years the number of applications using NMR spectroscopy of hyperpolarised noble gases has expanded rapidly. The signal enhancement hyperpolarisation provides has led to its implementation in studies as diverse as materials science and biological imaging. 129Xe in particular, with its easily deformed electron cloud, is proving to be a uniquely sensitive probe for nanoporous structures. At present hyperpolarises gas production is limited to optical pumping (SEOP). In this study we investigate another approach, the brute force technique. At very low temperatures and high magnetic fields the Boltzmann distribution of spins for magnetic nuclei is heavily biased in a single direction. At temperatures below 10 mK and in magnetic fields of 15 T, 129Xe polarisations exceeding 40% are attainable. The utilisation of the brute force technique is hindered by the extraordinarily long relaxation time need for this polarisation to occur. In this study, we give details of our investigations of two relaxation catalysts, oxygen and helium-3. It is shown that paramagnetic molecular oxygen causes rapid relaxation of solid xenon at temperatures as low as 500 mK. We report on the enhanced relaxation, by liquid 3He of xenon films adsorbed on to silica gel and exfoliated graphite substrates. The investigation of this mechanism is extended to other magnetic nuclei and improved rates of relaxation are observed in 13C and 1 H. Details are also given, of how this mechanism of relaxation can be halted by the addition of superfluid 4He. Unique observations in the 129Xe NMR spectra are reported, providing a unique opportunity to study the coupling between individual layers of 129Xe atoms. Finally, a novel mechanism of cooling, by the filtering of energetic atoms through a porous ceramic membrane, is investigated.
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32

Wendland, Jozef Jacek. "RF discharge excited atomic xenon lasers." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/626.

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33

Elezzabi, Abdulhakem Y. "Studies of a xenon chloride laser." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27421.

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A compact, transverse discharge XeCl laser has been constructed. The laser employs an LC double inversion circuit, and is operated, at an optimum gas mix containing 1.12% Xe, 0.56% HCl, and 98.32% He, at a maximum filling pressure of 80 Psi. The electrical efficiency of the laser is typically 0.3%, with an output energy of ≈ 95 mj and an output laser pulse FWHM of 13.5 nsec, resulting in an output power of ≈ 7 MW. The discharge current reaches a peak value of 7.75 KA, with a rise time of 24 nsec, whereas the voltage reaches a maximum value of 29.1 KV, with a rise time of 111 nsec. By using a CO₂ Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the electron density was measured for the optimum mix (4.01±x10¹⁵cm⁻³). Several studies at different Xe : HCl ratios showed that the dissociative attachment of HCl molecules is responsible for the electron loss during the discharge. The electron temperature was calculated using the measured values of discharge resistance and the drift velocity. The results show that electrons cool by inelastic collisions with HCl molecules.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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34

Lamblin, Jacob. "XENON100 et MIMAC, des détecteurs à la recherche de matière noire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845580.

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Le document présente la problématique de la détection directe de matière noire dans le cadre des expériences XENON100 et MIMAC. Après une introduction générale sur la matière noire et sur les signaux attendus dans un détecteur terrestre, les deux projets sont passés en revue en se concentrant sur les aspects expérimentaux. L'accent est mis particulièrement sur la caractérisation des performances des détecteurs et sur les bruits de fonds associés.
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35

Bennett, David Christopher. "Xenonika : medical texts associated with xenones in the late Byzantine period." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404391.

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Scholars have made conflicting claims for Byzantine hospitals as medical institutions. Thi.s thesis attempts the first systematic examination of the evidence of the xenon texts, or xenonika of the study's title, on which all such claims must in part rest. The manuscript texts are also transcribed or edited, except for those of Romanos and Theophilos (the a1to9epa1teutuai) for which a schema of their combined chapter headings supports the argument that together they form the medical compilation of the xenon doctor, Romanos. A handlist briefly describes all manuscripts referred to in the study. The thesis is divided into two parts, Part I being a prolegomenon to the study, in Part II, of the xenonika. In the first chapter, the survival of these texts, the functions of the xenon deduced from them, xenon doctors as writers and users of texts, and xenon medical education are surveyed. In the second chapter, a range of Byzantine medical texts is examined to exemplify medical practice- in particular, that of surgery- in the period covered by this study; and to allow a comparison with the practice discernible from the xenon texts. The xenon-ascribed texts are discussed one by one in chapters 3-6 of Part II, the concluding chapter of which (7) depicts, principally on their evidence, the xenon as an institution in which doctors practised medicine in a manner prefiguring practice in a modern acute hospital. It is justly described as the ancestor of the modern hospital
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36

Rychnovský, Jan. "Studium vlastností hyperpolarizovaného xenonu-129 pro zobrazování magnetickou rezonancí." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233492.

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Produkce hyperpolarizovaných plynů, především helia (3He) nebo xenonu (129Xe), nachází stále rostoucí rozsah aplikací v zobrazování magnetickou rezonancí (MRI). Helium ani xenon nejsou obyčejně obsaženy v těle a experimenty tedy nejsou ovlivněny nechtěným signálem z okolních tkání. Ukázalo se, že několika hyperpolarizačními technikami může být magnetická polarizace (magnetizace) jader vzácných plynů zvýšena na hladinu, se kterou jsou praktické aplikace proveditelné. Hyperpolarizované plyny mohou tedy být užitečným nástrojem pro neinvazivní zkoumání lidského dýchání, dovolující statické zobrazování během zadržení dechu nebo zkoumání dynamiky výdechu nebo nádechu, nebo funkčního zobrazování. V neživé přírodě, mohou být hyperpolarizovaný plyny využity jako kontrastní látka při studiu mikroporézních materiálů, jako jsou zeolity, stavební látky a hmoty, atd. V této doktorské práci je popsán vývoj a konstrukce aparatury pro hyperpolarizaci xenonu (izotopu 129Xe). Nákup hyperpolarizovaného xenonu od jiných výzkumných center v zahraničí a jeho dovážení by ovšem nebylo efektivní a to zejména z důvodu náročnosti zajištění potřebných fyzikálních podmínek pro přepravu hyperpolarizovaného plynu. Toto bylo hlavní motivací k vývoji vlastní technologie pro přípravu hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. Se zvládnutou technologií by bylo možné navázat spolupráci s medicínskými zařízeními, nebo s týmy zabývající se živou nebo neživou přírodou (např. při studiu mikroporézních materiálů, gelů, v zemědělských aplikacích nebo při výzkumu využívajících zvířat, atd.). Cílem této práce je studium teorie hyperpolarizovaných vzácných plynů se zaměřením na 129Xe a experimentální ověření a změření relaxačních časů pomocí jaderné magnetické rezonance. Vzhledem k tomu, že je možné hyperpolarizované vzácné plyny skladovat pro pozdější využití, se tato práce také zabývá možnostmi zásobníku hyperpolarizovaného vzácného plynu a jeho teoretickým a experimentálním řešením. V této práci jsou popsány především dva základní typy experimentů přípravy hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. V obou jsou využity zatavené válcové skleněné vzorky naplněné xenonem a doplňujícím plynem – dusíkem, heliem. První z experimentů se zabývá měřením vlastností termálně polarizovaného xenonu a druhý měřením vlastností hyperpolarizovaného xenonu. Pro hyperpolarizaci 129Xe bylo použito výkonového laseru a experimentálně byla zkoumána jednak míra polarizace na základě změny spektrální hustoty čerpacího laserového svazku a dále pak optimální doba optického čerpání 129Xe a relaxační časy xenonu.
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37

Wienands, Joshua Nikolai. "Coils, fields and xenon : towards measuring xenon spin precession in a magnetic field for the UCN collaboration." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59080.

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In this thesis I present my work on building a set of magnetic coils for the purpose of performing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on Boltzmann polarized protons in water, and on hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe. The coils were designed to be used as a method for testing the degree of polarization achieved in ¹²⁹Xe, and for testing the capability of an in-house developed continuous wave (CW) ultraviolet (UV) laser to drive a 2-photon transition in ¹²⁹Xe. This laser will be used to measure the precession frequency of ¹²⁹Xe in a magnetic field, in order to precisely measure the magnitude of that field. This work is being done for the ultra-cold neutron (UCN) collaboration’s flagship experiment: to measure the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM). Previous neutron EDM experiments have only found an upper limit, and have been limited in precision largely because of systematic errors in the magnetic field strength measurement. These experiments, such as the one performed at Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), which has given us the current lowest limit, used ¹⁹⁹Hg as a co-magnetometer. The UCN EDM experiment will add ¹²⁹Xe in addition to the ¹⁹⁹Hg, to make a dual co-magnetometer. By using multiple species of atoms in the measurement, systematic effects can be greatly reduced. I have characterized the coils that I built by performing NMR on protons in water. I measured the inhomogeneity in the B₀ field, across the sample container, to be 18.9±0.9 μT. It turns out that the homogeneity of the B₀ field can be improved significantly, and it will likely be necessary to do so in order to perform similar experiments on hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe. I also found the T₁ time of water in this setup to be 2.7±0.2 s.
Science, Faculty of
Graduate
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38

Kilian, Wolfgang. "Erzeugung von hyperpolarisiertem 129Xe-Gas und Nachweis mittels In-vivo-NMR-Bildgebung, NMR-Spektroskopie sowie SQUID-Messtechnik." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/105/index.html.

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39

Saha, Bejoy. "Bestimmung der Lebensdauern kollektiver Kernanregungen in 124Xe und Entwicklung von entsprechender Analysesoftware." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972193332.

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40

Reiter, Thomas. "Untersuchungen zum Einfluss einer Xenonanästhesie auf die rechtsventrikuläre Funktion." [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-66435.

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41

DOMINIQUE, CLAUDE. "Spectroscopie visible et proche infrarouge des melanges neon-xenon : cinetique de l'etat 6p(5/2)::(3) du xenon." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30150.

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Etude spectroscopique (200-1000 nm) des gaz purs et des melanges xe-ne excites par particules alpha. Dans ne, observations du systeme schumann-runge de o::(2) qui accompagne les emissions plus habituelles des impuretes de ce gaz, du proche lv au visible. Dans les melanges, mise en evidence de transferts d'energie du gaz le plus leger vers le plus lourd. A faible concentration de xe (1%), observation de deux emissions centrees a 328 et 334 nm, dont l'intensite diminue rapidement au cours du temps et quand la concentration de xe diminue. A haute pression totale et faible concentration de xe, attribution de la luminescence autour de 825 nm a la transition 2p::(6)-1s::(5) a 823 nm alors que la transition 2p::(5)-1s::(4) a 844 nm est preponderante dans les autres cas. Etude cinetique difficile de l'emission a 882 nm, evaluation de la duree de vie de l'etat 2p::(8) de xe
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42

Brunner, Eike. "International Symposium XeMAT2015 September 13-17, 2015 in Dresden, Germany: International Symposium XeMAT2015 September 13-17, 2015 in Dresden, Germany: Xenon/hyperpolarized noble gases in magnetic resonance." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29180.

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The present Book of Abstracts includes most of the contributions to the International Symposium XeMAT 2015, Xenon/hyperpolarized noble gases in magnetic resonance. This symposium took place from September 13-17, 2015 in Dresden in the new chemistry building of TU Dresden and covered all aspects of the use of xenon and hyperpolarized gases in magnetic resonance. This included for example materials science, biosensing, imaging, and molecular bioimaging as well as all aspects of gas hyperpolarization. The conference program included 15 invited lectures, 14 contributed talks as well as more than 20 posters.
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43

DECCO, CLAUDIA C. G. "Analise temporal das oscilacoes espaciais de xenonio em reatores de pequeno porte." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1997. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10683.

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Dissetacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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44

Bahreyni, Behraad. "Deep etching of silicon with xenon difluoride." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62689.pdf.

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45

Zerrouk, Taha-El-Amine. "Phase transitions of xenon adsorbed on graphite." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333446.

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46

Shaw, Maxine M. "A study of fluorodecarboxylation using xenon difluoride." Thesis, Keele University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483584.

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Abstract:
The modes of reaction of xenon difluoride are still not completely understood. The reagents' varying stability under different reaction conditions has given it the reputation of being somewhat unpredictable. An in depth NMR stability study of xenon difluoride in various solvent I container systems has been undertaken, which has improved our understanding of how the reagent may behave with substrates under a variety of different conditions. The reactions of trimethylsilyl esters with xenon difluoride have been investigated. Reactions of xenon difluoride are catalysed by Pyrex and therefore this reaction was studied in both Pyrex and PTFE vessels. Fluorodecarboxylation is the major reaction in PTFE, but this is not the case for the reactions in Pyrex. A further investigation of the reactions of carboxylic acids with xenon difluoride has also been performed. Again, this reaction was studied in both Pyrex and PIFE containers. Fluorodecarboxylation is the major reaction in PIFE, but in Pyrex no fluorination is observed; in these vessels a rearrangement mechanism predominates. The identification of minor as well as major products from these reactions has allowed the determination of possible mechanistic pathways for these processes. Xenon difluoride is believed to react largely via an SET mechanism in PTFE vessels and via a xenon fluoro-ester intermediate, of the type RC02XeF, in Pyrex. An additional study of the incorporation of various nucleophiles (X) into these reactions has aided in mechanistic studies and also provided a potential route to compounds of the form RX (where acid = RCO2H).
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47

Haward, Mark T. "Spectroscopy and photochemistry in liquid xenon solution." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334777.

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48

Ford, Joseph Earl. "Investigations into the xenon chloride excimer laser." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24666.

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A discharge pumped LC inversion type XeCl excimer laser was constructed, and its discharge and output were examined. A maximum output energy of 167 mJ was achieved, with an efficiency of 0.56%, using 60 psi of a gas composed of 0.56% HCl, 2.48% Xe, 48.48% He, and 48.48% Ne. The 308 nm laser output pulse had a fwhm of 20 ns and a peak power of 8.6 MW. When charged to 35 kV, the voltage inversion reached a peak of ~45 kV and dropped to zero in ~35 ns. The fwhm of the discharge current was 46 ns, with a peak current of 15.3 kA. The electron density in the discharge was measured using an infrared Michelson interferometer, and found to have a fwhm of 30 ns and a peak value of 12±5xl0¹⁴ cm⁻³.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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49

Seidel, Stefan. "Chemie im Supersauren Halogen-Kationen, Xenon als Komplexligand /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/125/index.html.

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50

Wittwer, Oliver Marc. "Solidification of xenon: Instabilities leading to complex structures /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16643.

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