Academic literature on the topic 'Z-R relation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Z-R relation"
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Sharma, Sanjay, Mahen Konwar, Diganta Kumar Sarma, M. C. R. Kalapureddy, and A. R. Jain. "Characteristics of Rain Integral Parameters during Tropical Convective, Transition, and Stratiform Rain at Gadanki and Its Application in Rain Retrieval." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 48, no. 6 (2009): 1245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jamc1948.1.
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Abstract In the present study the characteristics of rain integral parameters during tropical convective (C), transition (T), and stratiform (S) types of rain are studied with the help of Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD), L-band, and very-high-frequency wind profilers at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.20°E). The classifications of three regimes are made with the help of an L-band wind profiler. For rain rate R < 10 mm h−1 larger drops are found in S type of rain relative to C and T rain, and for R ≥ 10 mm h−1 larger drops are found in convective rain. Empirical relations are developed for Dm–R, Dm–Z, N*0–R, Z–R, and Z/Dm–R by fitting the power-law equations. Event to event, no systematic variation of the coefficients and exponents could be found for Z–R and Z/Dm–R relations during the three types of rain. Overall, the C and S events are found to be number controlled, and T events are size controlled. During C type of rain, bigger mean raindrops are found during the presence of strong updrafts. During S type of rain, bigger mean raindrops are found to be associated with the higher mean thickness of the bright band and strong velocity gradient. For each of the developed empirical relations, the correlation coefficients are found in the order of T > C > S rain. During the three types of rain, correlations are found in the order of Z/Dm–R > Z–R > Dm–Z > Dm–R. Significant improvement is observed in rain retrieval by using the Z/Dm–R relation relative to the conventional Z–R relation. By utilizing the Z/Dm–R relations, the root-mean-square error was reduced by 19%–46%.
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Bodnarchuk, A. Yu, O. B. Skaskiv, and O. M. Trusevych. "About Borel type relation for some positive functional series." Matematychni Studii 63, no. 1 (2025): 98–101. https://doi.org/10.30970/ms.63.1.98-101.
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Let $f$ be an entire transcendental function, $(\lambda_n)$ be a non-decreasing to $+\infty$ sequence, $M_f(r)=\max\{|f(z)|\colon |z|=r\}$, and $\Gamma_f(r)/r=(\ln M_f(r))'_+$ be a right derivative, $r>0$. For a regularly convergent in ${\mathbb C}$ series of the form $F(z)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}a_nf(\lambda_n z)$ is proved, in particular, the following statement (Corollary 1): If condition $$\sum\limits_{n=1}^{\infty}\dfrac{1}{n\Gamma_f(\lambda_n)}<+\infty$$holds, then the relation $\ln M_F(r)=(1+o(1))\ln\mu_F(r)$ holds as $r\to +\infty$ outside a set of finite logarithmic measure, where $\mu_F(r)=\max\{|a_n|M_f(r\lambda_n)\colon\! n\geq 0\}, M_F(r)=\max\{|F(z)|\colon\! |z|=r\}$.
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Adegoke, Kunle, Adenike Olatinwo, and Winning Oyekanmi. "New Tribonacci recurrence relations and addition formulas." Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics 26, no. 4 (2020): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/nntdm.2020.26.4.164-172.
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Only one three-term recurrence relation, namely, W_{r}=2W_{r-1}-W_{r-4}, is known for the generalized Tribonacci numbers, W_r, r\in Z, defined by W_{r}=W_{r-1}+W_{r-2}+W_{r-3} and W_{-r}=W_{-r+3}-W_{-r+2}-W_{-r+1}, where W_0, W_1 and W_2 are given, arbitrary integers, not all zero. Also, only one four-term addition formula is known for these numbers, which is W_{r + s} = T_{s - 1} W_{r - 1} + (T_{s - 1} + T_{s-2} )W_r + T_s W_{r + 1}, where ({T_r})_{r\in Z} is the Tribonacci sequence, a special case of the generalized Tribonacci sequence, with W_0 = T_0 = 0 and W_1 = W_2 = T_1 = T_2 = 1. In this paper we discover three new three-term recurrence relations and two identities from which a plethora of new addition formulas for the generalized Tribonacci numbers may be discovered. We obtain a simple relation connecting the Tribonacci numbers and the Tribonacci–Lucas numbers. Finally, we derive quadratic and cubic recurrence relations for the generalized Tribonacci numbers.
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You, Cheolhwan, Miyoung Kang, and Dong-In Lee. "Rainfall Estimates with Respect to Rainfall Types Using S-Band Polarimetric Radar in Korea." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (2019): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120773.
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To investigate the impact of rainfall type on rainfall estimation using polarimetric variables, rainfall relations such as those between rain rate (R) and specific differential phase (KDP), between R and KDP/differential reflectivity (ZDR), and between R and reflectivity (Z)/ZDR, were examined with respect to the precipitation type classified using drop size distributions (DSDs) measured by a disdrometer. The classification of rainfall type was assessed using four different methods: temporal rainfall variation; and the relations between intercept parameter (N0) and R; normalized intercept parameter (Nw) and median diameter (D0); and slope parameter (Λ) and R. The logN0–R relation discriminated between convective and stratiform rain with less standard deviation than the other methods as shown by the Z–ZDR scatter with respect to the rainfall types. The transition type from convective to stratiform and vice versa occurred in the stratiform rain region for all methods. To apply the classified rainfall relations to radar rainfall estimation, logNw and D0 were retrieved from polarimetric variables to discriminate the rainfall types in the radar domain. The DSD classification was verified with the vertical profile of reflectivity extracted at two positions corresponding to gage sites. Statistical analysis of four different rainfall events showed that rainfall estimation using the relations with precipitation type were better than those obtained without classification. The R(KDP,ZDR) relation with classification performed best on rainfall estimation for all rainfall events. The greatest improvement in rainfall estimation was obtained from R(Z,ZDR) with classification. We conclude that the classification of rainfall type leads to more accurate rainfall estimation. The different relations R(KDP), R(KDP,ZDR), and R(Z,ZDR) with respect to the rain types using polarimetric radar show improvement compared to estimation without consideration of rainfall type, in Korea.
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Milovanovic, Gradimir, and Aleksandar Cvetkovic. "Numerical construction of the generalized Hermite polynomials." Publikacije Elektrotehnickog fakulteta - serija: matematika, no. 14 (2003): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/petf0314049m.
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In this paper we are concerned with polynomials orthogonal with respect to the generalized Hermite weight function w(x) = |x ? z|? exp(?x2) on R, where z?R and ? > ? 1. We give a numerically stable method for finding recursion coefficients in the three term recurrence relation for such orthogonal polynomials, using some nonlinear recurrence relations, asymptotic expansions, as well as the discretized Stieltjes-Gautschi procedure.
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Kowalewski, Stefan, and Gerhard Peters. "Analysis of Z–R Relations Based on LDR Signatures within the Melting Layer." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 9 (2010): 1555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jtecha1363.1.
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Abstract The inclusion of polarimetric measurements for the quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) by weather radars as well as space- and airborne radars is considered most promising now-a-days. Because the melting layer region is usually marked by a distinct peak of the linear depolarization ratio (LDR), a possible correlation between LDR peak values and underlying drop sizes in terms of the Z–R relation is investigated, that is, the empirical relation between radar reflectivity factor Z and rain rate R. For this purpose, data taken during the Convective and Orographically Induced Precipitation Study (COPS) campaign in 2007 from two vertically pointing radars—a 24.15-GHz Micro Rain Radar (MRR) and a 35.5-GHz polarimetric cloud radar—were analyzed. In this analysis a correlation between parameters of the Z–R relation and LDR peak values are revealed, implying that the LDR magnitude within the melting layer must be influenced by the size of melting particles. Furthermore, an LDR classification scheme shows an improvement of R retrieval with respect to the global Z–R relation optimized for the dataset herein. However, to asses the impact for improved QPE in the above-mentioned applications, future research is necessary.
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Tokay, Ali, Peter Hartmann, Alessandro Battaglia, Kenneth S. Gage, Wallace L. Clark, and Christopher R. Williams. "A Field Study of Reflectivity and Z–R Relations Using Vertically Pointing Radars and Disdrometers." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 6 (2009): 1120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1163.1.
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Abstract Observations from a 16-month field study using two vertically pointing radars and a disdrometer at Wallops Island are analyzed to examine the consistency of the multi-instrument observations with respect to reflectivity and Z–R relations. The vertically pointing radars were operated at S and K bands and had a very good agreement in reflectivity at a gate centered on 175 and 177 m above ground level over a variety of storms. This agreement occurred even though the sampling volumes were of different size and even though the S band measured the reflectivity factor directly, whereas the K-band radar deduced it from attenuated K-band measurements. Indeed, the radar agreement in reflectivity at the collocated range gates was superior to that between the disdrometer and either radar. This is attributed in large part to the spatial separation of the disdrometer and radar sample volumes, although the lesser agreement observed in a prior collocated disdrometer–disdrometer comparison suggests the larger size of the radar sample volumes as well as the better overlap also play a role. Vertical variations in the observations were examined with the aid of the two radar profilers. As expected, the agreement between the disdrometer reflectivity and the reflectivity seen in the vertically pointing radars decreased with height. The effect of these vertical variations on determinations of Z–R relation coefficients was then examined, using a number of different methods for finding the best-fitting coefficients. The coefficient of the Z–R relation derived from paired disdrometer rain rate and radar reflectivity decreased with height, while the exponent of the Z–R relation increased with height. The coefficient and exponent of the Z–R relations also showed sensitivity to the choice of derivation method [linear and nonlinear least squares, fixed exponent, minimizing the root-mean-square difference (RMSD), and probability matching]. The influence of the time lag between the radar and disdrometer measurements was explored by examining the RMSD in reflectivity for paired measurements between 0- and 4-min lag. The no-lag conditions had the lowest RMSD up to 400 m, while 1-min lag gave the lowest RMSD at higher heights. The coefficient and exponent of the Z–R relations, on the other hand, did not have a significant change between no-lag- and 1-min-lag-based pairs.
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Morin, Efrat, Robert A. Maddox, David C. Goodrich, and Soroosh Sorooshian. "Radar Z–RRelationship for Summer Monsoon Storms in Arizona." Weather and Forecasting 20, no. 4 (2005): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf878.1.
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Abstract Radar-based estimates of rainfall rates and accumulations are one of the principal tools used by the National Weather Service (NWS) to identify areas of extreme precipitation that could lead to flooding. Radar-based rainfall estimates have been compared to gauge observations for 13 convective storm events over a densely instrumented, experimental watershed to derive an accurate reflectivity–rainfall rate (i.e., Z–R) relationship for these events. The resultant Z–R relationship, which is much different than the NWS operational Z–R, has been examined for a separate, independent event that occurred over a different location. For all events studied, the NWS operational Z–R significantly overestimates rainfall compared to gauge measurements. The gauge data from the experimental network, the NWS operational rain estimates, and the improved estimates resulting from this study have been input into a hydrologic model to “predict” watershed runoff for an intense event. Rainfall data from the gauges and from the derived Z–R relation produce predictions in relatively good agreement with observed streamflows. The NWS Z–R estimates lead to predicted peak discharge rates that are more than twice as large as the observed discharges. These results were consistent over a relatively wide range of subwatershed areas (4–148 km2). The experimentally derived Z–R relationship may provide more accurate radar estimates for convective storms over the southwest United States than does the operational convective Z–R used by the NWS. These initial results suggest that the generic NWS Z–R relation, used nationally for convective storms, might be substantially improved for regional application.
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Ma, Xueling, Jianming Zhan, and Bijan Davvaz. "Applications of rough soft sets to Krasner (m,n)-hyperrings and corresponding decision making methods." Filomat 32, no. 19 (2018): 6599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1819599m.
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Let I be a normal hyperideal of a Krasner (m,n)-hyperring R, we define the relation ?I by x ?I y if and only if f (x,-y, (m-2)0)?I?0, which is an equivalence relation on R. By means of this idea, we propose rough soft hyperrings (hyperideals) with respect to a normal hyperideal in a Krasner (m,n)-hyperring. Some lower and upper rough soft hyperideals with respect to a normal hyperideal are investigated, respectively. Further, we define the t-level set U(?,t) = {(x,y) ? R x R| ? z?f(x,-y, (m-2)0) ?(z)? t} of a Krasner (m,n)-hyperring R and prove that it is an equivalence relation on R if ? is a fuzzy normal hyperideal of R. By means of this novel idea, we propose rough soft hyperideals by means of fuzzy normal hyperideals in Krasner (m,n)- hyperrings. Finally, two novel kinds of decision making methods to rough soft Krasner (m,n)-hyperrings are established.
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Sae-Lao, Wipada, Kansuda Wunjuntuk, Taweesak Techakriengkrai, and Prapaisri P. Sirichakwal. "Consumption of Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Its Relation to the Level of Macular Pigment Optical Density in Thai Subjects." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2022 (April 15, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6321778.
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The aim of the study is to determine dietary lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) consumption and to evaluate its association with macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in Thai subjects. Methods. This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 120 ophthalmologically healthy subjects aged between 40 and 72 years were recruited from Bangkok and the vicinity area. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, while a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed the L/Z intake. MPOD was determined using the reflectometry method (VISUCAM 500®, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG). Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyzed the relationship between L/Z consumption and MPOD. Results. The mean age of the participants was 50.7 ± 7.5 years. The mean consumption of L/Z was 3.03 ± 2.65 mg per day. The mean MPOD was 0.102 ± 0.023 density units. Consumption of foods rich in L/Z, including ivy gourd (r = 0.217, p < 0.05 ), Chinese flowering cabbage (r = 0.194, p < 0.05 ), balsam pear (r = 0.193, p < 0.05 ), lettuce (r = 0.182, p < 0.05 ), sweet corn (r = 0.181, p < 0.05 ), and pumpkin (r = 0.181, p < 0.05 ), was positively associated with the mean optical density (mean MPOD). Consumption of green onion (r = 0.212, p < 0.05 ) was positively associated with the sum of optical densities (MPOD volume). In contrast, chilli pepper consumption showed a negative association with mean MPOD (r = −0.220, p < 0.05 ) and amaranth showed a negative association with MPOD volume (r = −0.283, p < 0.05 ). No association was found between total L/Z consumption and MPOD. Conclusion. L/Z consumption is low among Thais living in Bangkok and the vicinity area, which may not be sufficient to ensure eye health, and total L/Z consumption is not associated with MPOD.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Z-R relation"
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Tridon, Frédéric. "Mesure des précipitations à l'aide d'un radar en bande X non-cohérent à haute résolution et d'un radar en bande K à visée verticale. Application à l'étude de la variabilité des précipitations lors de la campagne COPS." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777843.
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L'estimation quantitative des précipitations à l'échelle locale est une nécessité sociétale, à cause de l'augmentation des dégâts provoqués par des inondations exacerbées par l'urbanisation croissante. Or, des estimations locales sont particulièrement difficiles à réaliser à cause de la forte variabilité des précipitations. De plus, ce genre d'estimation est sollicité par de petits organismes tels qu'une commune, pour lesquels il n'est pas envisageable d'utiliser des instruments à la pointe de la recherche technologique à cause de leur coût prohibitif. Ainsi, il est nécessaire de développer des méthodes d'estimation quantitative des précipitations applicables à un dispositif expérimental de prix abordable. Dans ce but, un dispositif expérimental innovant est utilisé dans cette thèse. Il est constitué d'instruments de mesure directe, au sol, tels que des pluviomètres et des disdromètres, et d'un prototype de radar à balayage horizontal basé sur un radar nautique commercial, associé à un MRR (Micro Rain Radar) à visée verticale qui fournissent une estimation en altitude de la pluie, respectivement sur une surface donnée et le long d'un profil vertical. Le radar à balayage horizontal est un radar en bande X, c'est-à-dire qu'il fonctionne à une longueur d'onde lui procurant une très haute résolution radiale, mais qui est très atténuée par les précipitations. Le MRR permet d'obtenir une description précise de la microphysique des précipitations et sert de relais entre les mesures au sol et les mesures en altitude du radar en bande X. Ces deux radars étant novateurs, une grande partie de cette thèse consiste à valider leurs mesures : étalonnage, filtrage d'échos aberrants, correction de l'atténuation, etc. Une fois les mesures rendues exploitables, cette thèse se focalise sur l'étude de la variabilité des précipitations afin de proposer et développer différentes méthodes de classification, selon leur type ou leur variations locales, et de vérifier leur potentiel pour l'amélioration de l'estimation des précipitations. Les résultats montrent que cet objectif ne peut être atteint que si la qualité des mesures des radars est encore améliorée : moins d'échos parasites pour le radar en bande X et prise en compte du vent vertical pour le MRR.
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Diop, Cheikh Abdoulahat. "La structure multimodale de la distribution de probabilité de la réflectivité radar des précipitations." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3089/.
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Un ensemble de données radar collectées sur divers sites du réseau américain de radars bande S, Nexrad (Next Generation Weather Radar), est utilisé pour analyser la fonction de distribution de probabilité (fdp) du facteur de réflectivité radar (Z) des précipitations, soit P(Z). Nous avons étudié et comparé divers types de systèmes précipitants : 1) orages grêlifères sur le site continental de Little Rock (Arkansas), 2) convection péninsulaire et côtière à Miami (Floride), 3) convection côtière et transition terre/mer à Brownsville (Texas) , 4) convection maritime tropicale à Hawaii, 5) convection maritime des latitudes moyennes à Eureka (Californie), 6) neige associée aux systèmes frontaux continentaux d'hiver à New York City (New York) et 7) neige à Middleton Island (Alaska), une zone maritime des hautes latitudes. On montre que chaque type de système précipitant a une signature spécifique au niveau de la forme de P(Z). La distribution P(Z) a une forme complexe. Nous montrons qu'il s'agit d'un mélange de plusieurs composantes gaussiennes, chacune étant attribuable à un type de précipitation. Avec l'algorithme EM (Expectation Maximisation) de Dempster et al. 1977, basé sur la méthode du maximum devraisemblance, on décompose la fdp des systèmes précipitants en quatre compo-santes : 1) le nuage et les précipitations de très faible intensité ou drizzle, 2) les précipitations stratiformes, 3) les précipitations convectives et 4) la grêle. Chaque composante est représentée par une gaussienne définie par sa moyenne, sa variance et la proportion de l'aire qu'elle occupe dans le mélange. On a mis en évidence l'absence de composante grêle dans les P(Z) des cas de systèmes convectifs maritimes et côtiers. Les chutes de neige correspondent à des distributions P(Z) plus régulières. La présence de plusieurs composantes dans P(Z) est liée à des différences dans la dynamique et la microphysique propres à chaque composante. Une combinaison linéaire des différentes composantes gaussiennes a permis d'obtenir un très bon ajustement de P(Z). Nous présentons ensuite une application des résultats de la décomposition de P(Z). Nous avons isolé chaque composante, et pour chacune d'elles, la distribution de réflectivité est convertie en une distribution d'intensité de précipitation (R), soit P(R) ayant comme paramètres µR et sR2 qui sont respectivement la moyenne et la variance. On montre, sur le le graphe (µR ,sR2), que chaque composante occupe une région spécifique, suggérant ainsi que les types de précipitation identifiés constituent des populations distinctes. Par exemple, la position des points représentatifs de la neige montre que cette dernière est statistiquement différente de la pluie. Le coefficient de variation de P(R), CVR = sR /µR est constant pour chaque type de précipitation. Ce résultat implique que la connaissance de CVR et la mesure de l'un des paramètres de P(R) permet de déterminer l'autre et de définir la distributionde l'intensité de précipitation pour chaque composante. L'influence des coefficients a et b de la relation Z = aRb sur P(R) a été également discutée<br>A set of radar data gathered over various sites of the US Nexrad (Next Generation Weather Radar) S band radar network is used to analyse the probability distribution function (pdf) of the radar reflectivity factor (Z) of precipitation, P(Z). Various storm types are studied and a comparison between them is made: 1) hailstorms at the continental site of Little Rock (Arkansas), 2) peninsular and coastal convection at Miami (Florida), 3) coastal convection and land/sea transition at Brownsville (Texas), 4) tropical maritime convection at Hawaii, 5) midlatitude maritime convection at Eureka (California), 6) snowstorms from winter frontal continental systems at New York City (New York), and 7) high latitude maritime snowstorms at Middleton Island (Alaska). Each storm type has a specific P(Z) signature with a complex shape. It is shown that P(Z) is a mixture of Gaussian components, each of them being attribuable to a precipitation type. Using the EM (Expectation Maximisation) algorithm of Dempster et al. 1977, based on the maximum likelihood method, four main components are categorized in hailstorms: 1) cloud and precipitation of very low intensity or drizzle, 2) stratiform precipitation, 3) convective precipitation, and 4) hail. Each component is described by the fraction of area occupied inside P(Z) and by the two Gaussian parameters, mean and variance. The absence of hail component in maritime and coastal storms is highlighted. For snowstorms, P(Z) has a more regular shape. The presence of several components in P(Z) is linked to some differences in the dynamics and microphysics of each precipitation type. The retrieval of the mixed distribution by a linear combination of the Gaussian components gives a very stisfactory P(Z) fitting. An application of the results of the split-up of P(Z) is then presented. Cloud, rain, and hail components have been isolated and each corresponding P(Z) is converted into a probability distribution of rain rate P(R) which parameters are µR and sR2 , respectively mean and variance. It is shown on the graph (µR ,sR2) that each precipitation type occupies a specific area. This suggests that the identified components are distinct. For example, the location of snowstorms representative points indicates that snow is statistically different from rain. The P(R) variation coefficient, CVR = sR/µR is constant for each precipitation type. This result implies that knowing CVR and measuring only one of the P(R) parameters enable to determine the other one and to define the rain rate probability distribution. The influence of the coefficients a and b of the relation Z = aRb on P(R) is also discussed
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Münchhalfen, Marie [Verfasser], Jürgen [Gutachter] Schreuer, and Hermann [Gutachter] Gies. "Structure-property relations and disorder phenomena in monoclinic high-temperature piezoelectric oxoborates RX2Z2O(BO3)3 (X, Z = Ca, R = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Y, Er) / Marie Münchhalfen ; Gutachter: Jürgen Schreuer, Hermann Gies ; Fakultät für Geowissenschaften." Bochum : Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239418868/34.
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Konderla, Joanna. "Prawo zwyczajowe w stosunkach dyplomatycznych państw w świetle prac Komisji Prawa Międzynarodowego ONZ." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2636.
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Stosunki dyplomatyczne państw przez wieki regulowane były przez normy prawa zwyczajowego. Jednakże wraz z intensyfikacją stosunków międzynarodowych pojawiło się dążenie do skodyfikowania norm prawnych obowiązujących pomiędzy państwami w umowie międzynarodowej. Zadanie to zrealizowała Komisja Prawa Międzynarodowego ONZ, opracowując w latach 1954–1958 projekt artykułów w zakresie prawa dyplomatycznego, przyjęty następnie przez państwa w postaci Konwencji wiedeńskiej o stosunkach dyplomatycznych z dnia 18 kwietnia 1961 r. W niniejszej rozprawie przeprowadzono analizę związków pomiędzy obowiązującymi, w ocenie Komisji Prawa Międzynarodowego, normami zwyczajowego prawa dyplomatycznego a normami umownymi wyrażonymi w Konwencji wiedeńskiej z 1961 r. Pierwszy rozdział stanowi wprowadzenie do analizowanej tematyki poprzez przedstawienie genezy kodyfikacji norm zwyczajowego prawa dyplomatycznego. Co więcej, znalazło się w nim wyjaśnienie podstawowych terminów stosowanych w dalszych częściach pracy. W rozdziale drugim zostały zaprezentowane kolejne etapy prac podejmowanych przez Komisję Prawa Międzynarodowego. Proces ten rozpoczął się od powołania specjalnego sprawozdawcy, który przygotował raport wraz z projektem artykułów. Były one następnie przedmiotem debaty podczas dwóch kolejnych sesji Komisji. W trakcie prac swoje uwagi zgłosiły również państwa, które w 1961 r. na konferencji kodyfikacyjnej w Wiedniu przyjęły obecnie obowiązującą treść Konwencji wiedeńskiej z 1961 r.W rozdziałach od trzeciego do szóstego przeanalizowano kolejne normy zwyczajowego prawa dyplomatycznego, których treść dyskutowana była na posiedzeniach Komisji Prawa Międzynarodowego w latach 1957–1958. Rozdział trzeci zawiera analizę norm prawa zwyczajowego w zakresie nawiązania stosunków dyplomatycznych przez państwa. Obejmuje ona działania zmierzające do utworzenia misji dyplomatycznej państwa wysyłającego, ustanowienia personelu misji dyplomatycznej, a w szczególności powołania szefa misji dyplomatycznej. W rozdziale czwartym analizie poddano funkcje dyplomatyczne, których katalog został wypracowany przez Komisję Prawa Międzynarodowego. Komisja uwzględniła także zgłoszone uwagi państw, w szczególności w zakresie pełnienia przez misję dyplomatyczną funkcji konsularnych. Rozdział piąty rozpoczyna się od wskazania teoretycznych podstaw przywilejów i immunitetów dyplomatycznych. Najważniejszą jest teoria funkcji, która uzasadnia przyznanie przywilejów i immunitetów, jako niezbędnych do wykonywania funkcji misji. W dalszej części rozdziału przeanalizowano przywileje i immunitety przyznawane misji dyplomatycznej. Z kolei w rozdziale szóstym została przeprowadzona analiza przywilejów i immunitetów przyznawanych członkom personelu misji. Istotna w tym zakresie jest analiza zarówno przywilejów i immunitetów przyznawanych personelowi misji dyplomatycznej, jak również ich obowiązków w stosunku do państwa przyjmującego. Rozdział siódmy stanowi uzupełnienie przeprowadzonej analizy, obejmując wyjaśnienie miejsca prawa zwyczajowego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem prawa dyplomatycznego, w polskim porządku prawnym, w świetle obowiązujących źródeł prawa wewnętrznego, orzecznictwa sądów oraz poglądów doktryny.W wyniku badań przeprowadzonych w niniejszej rozprawie możliwe było wysunięcie wniosków, wyrażonych w stosunku do kolejnych postanowień Konwencji wiedeńskiej z 1961 r., określających, czy stanowią one kodyfikację zwyczajowego prawa dyplomatycznego, czy są wyrazem działania Komisji Prawa Międzynarodowego ONZ przyczyniającej się do stopniowego rozwoju prawa międzynarodowego. W zakończeniu niniejszej rozprawy przedstawiono natomiast wnioski ogólne wynikające z przeprowadzonej analizy.<br>Diplomatic relations of states has been always regulated by the norms of a customary law. However, along with the intensification of international relations arose the need to regulate legal rules binding states in the form of the international treaty. This task has been achieved by the International Law Commission (henceforward called ILC) which, between 1954–1958, has prepared a draft articles on diplomatic law which were accepted by states and concluded in the form of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 18 April 1961. The overriding goal of the present doctoral dissertation was to analyse the relations between binding, in the opinion of the International Law Commission, rules of customary diplomatic law and treaty rules arising from the Vienna Convention of 1961.The first chapter is an introduction to the analysed topic, in which the origin of the codification of customary diplomatic law has been described. In addition, the chapter provided the explanation of the basic terms used in the further parts of this work. In the second chapter, the progress of work of the International Law Commission has been presented. This process has begun with the appointment of the special rapporteur, who had prepared the special report with the draft articles. The draft was then the subject of debate during two consecutive sessions of the ILC, during which states also gave theirs comments. The proposed draft articles were agreed during the conference in Vienna in 1961 and concluded as Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.Chapters from three to six contain analysis of the norms of the customary diplomatic law, which were discussed during the plenary sessions of the International Law Commission in 1957 and 1958. Chapter three provided the analysis of customary law of in conection with establishing diplomatic relations between states. It consists of activities aiming at starting diplomatic mission, appointing the personnel of this mission, and in particular in appointing the head of the mission. In chapter four the diplomatic function, which catalogue was proposed by the International Law Commission, has been analysed. The ILC has taken into account the comments of states, especially by adding the possibility of performing consular function by the diplomatic mission. In chapter five the theoretical background of diplomatic privileges and immunities has been described. The most important is theory of functional necessity, which justifies privileges and immunities as being necessary to enable the mission to perform its functions. After that, the analysis of the privileges and immunities relating to the diplomatic mission was conducted. Chapters six provided the analysis of personal privileges and immunities. What is important, the subject of this chapter were both: the privileges and immunities of the personnel of the diplomatic missions, as well as as theirs obligations towards the receiving state. Finally, chapter seven consists of the explanation of the customary law, especially diplomatic law, in Polish legal order according to the inner sources of law, judicial decisions and doctrine.The results of analysis described in the present doctoral dissertation allows to draw conclusions concerning articles of the Vienna Convention of 1961, and identify whether they are the result of the codification of the customary diplomatic law, or the proposition of the International Law Commission influencing the progressive development of international law. At the end of the work, the general conclusions has been presented.
Books on the topic "Z-R relation"
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Andrzejewski, Marek. Fundusz alimentacyjny: Komentarz do ustawy z dnia 18 lipca 1974 r. Lubelskie Wydawn. Prawnicze, 1995.
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Kozłowski, Artur. Rosja wyparta z Europy: Geopolityka granicy pokoju brzeskiego 1918 r. Wydawn. Adam Marszałek, 2000.
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Poland. Przepisy i informacje z zakresu obrotu prawnego z zagranicą: Stan prawny na dzień 1 lutego 1995 r. Wydawn. Stowarzyszenia Komorników Sądowych, 1995.
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Tomaszewski, Jerzy. Preludium zagłady: Wygnanie Żydów polskich z Niemiec w 1938 r. Wydawn. Nauk. PWN, 1998.
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1938-, Paczkowski Andrzej, and Instytut Studiów Politycznych (Polska Akademia Nauk), eds. Uchwała Biura Politycznego KC PZPR "O zasadach koordynacji i organizacji stosunków PRL z zagranica" z 30 stycznia 1973 r. Instytut Studiów Politycznych, 2000.
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Budziło, Józef. Wojna moskiewska wzniecona i prowadzona z okazji fałszywych Dymitrów od 1603 do 1612 r. Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 1995.
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Poland. Prawo budowlane: Po nowelizacji z dnia 27 marca 2003 r. z wprowadzeniem : Ustawa z dnia 27 marca 2003 r. o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Ośrodek Doradztwa i Doskonalenia Kadr, 2003.
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Poland) Konferencja "Polska Polityka Wschodnia" (2012 Wrocław. Polska polityka wschodnia: Materiały z konferencji zorganizowanej 22-24 listopada 2012 r. we Wrocławiu. Kolegium Europy Wschodniej im. Jana Nowaka-Jeziorańskiego, 2013.
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Poland) Konferencja "Polska Polityka Wschodnia" (2013 Wrocław. Polska polityka wschodnia: Materiały z konferencji zorganizowanej 17-19 października 2013 r. we Wrocławiu. Kolegium Europy Wschodniej im. Jana Nowaka-Jeziorańskiego, 2014.
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Poland. Kodeks cywilny z suplementem: Stan prawny na dzień 1.01.1992 r. Polski Dom Wydawniczy "Ławica", 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Z-R relation"
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Bangsawan, L., R. H. Jatmiko, and E. Nurjani. "The Comparison of Z-R Relation Methods on Convective and Stratiform Rain of Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) in East Java Area." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0308-3_22.
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Márquez-Sánchez, Fidel. "Derivation of Open-Pollinated Inbred Lines and their Relation to Z-Lines for Cyclic Hybridization." In Plant Breeding: The Arnel R. Hallauer International Symposium. Blackwell Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470752708.ch25.
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Reyes-Bustos, Cid. "Extended Divisibility Relations for Constraint Polynomials of the Asymmetric Quantum Rabi Model." In International Symposium on Mathematics, Quantum Theory, and Cryptography. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5191-8_13.
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Abstract The quantum Rabi model (QRM) is widely regarded as one of the fundamental models of quantum optics. One of its generalizations is the asymmetric quantum Rabi model (AQRM), obtained by introducing a symmetry-breaking term depending on a parameter $$\varepsilon \in \mathbb {R}$$ to the Hamiltonian of the QRM. The AQRM was shown to possess degeneracies in the spectrum for values $$\epsilon \in 1/2\mathbb {Z}$$ via the study of the divisibility of the so-called constraint polynomials. In this article, we aim to provide further insight into the structure of Juddian solutions of the AQRM by extending the divisibility properties and the relations between the constraint polynomials with the solution of the AQRM in the Bargmann space. In particular we discuss a conjecture proposed by Masato Wakayama.
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von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian, and Hagen M. Krämer. "Real Capital." In Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75031-2_4.
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AbstractPreshaped by the influence of Marx, Böhm-Bawerk and modern neoclassical economics, the general opinion is that the marginal product of capital must always be positive. With the help of the “period of production” T, we define a coefficient of intertemporal substitutionψ that is always non-negative. It can also be used when the real interest rate is negative. With the help of the concept of the “waiting period” Z, we can also define an always non-negative coefficient of intertemporal substitutionγ for the household side. The “loss formula” for deviations of the rate of interest from the growth rate is one application of ψ and γ. Ω = (ψT2 + γZ2)(r − g)2/2 provides a good approximation of the relative loss Ω. Overcomplexity of the system of production leads to negative marginal returns on capital. It can be empirically presumed that the OECD plus China region is on the cusp of overcomplexity. The hypothetical natural rate of interest in the eurozone is well into the minuses. To determine the value of the real capital of the private sector in the OECD plus China region, we use a framework of data taken from the World Inequality Database (WID.world). We have supplemented the data available there with data from other sources and adapted it to our theoretical objectives. According to our estimates, private wealth in the form of real capital in the OECD plus China region comes to approximately four times total annual consumption.
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Ifeoma Onah, Costecia, Augustine A. Ubachukwu, and Finbarr C. Odo. "Evolution of Radio Source Components and the Quasar/Galaxy Unification Scheme." In Astronomy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106244.
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In this work, a theoretical model is developed for explanation of temporal evolution of extragalactic radio sources via beaming, orientation effects and asymmetries. Equation of the form D≈P±q1+z−m is used to account for the D ∼ P/z relation. Also, D≈D01+z−1+z1+z2 accounted properly for Ω0=1 cosmology than the Ω0=0 counterpart in linear size versus redshift of radio sources. Similarly, D=Dc1∓lnPPc1/2 model explained redshift-luminosity relationship of extragalactic radio sources. The results from the regression analyses are q = +0.003 (r = 0.04) for sources with z < 1 and q = −1.59 (r = −0.6) for all z≥1 sources. A critical linear size, Dc of 316kpc which matches the maximum theoretical linear size, Dmax of 0.15D0 at a critical redshift zc∼1 and a critical luminosity Pc=26.33WHz−1 are obtained. The indication of all these results is that the linear size of radio sources evolves up to a certain limit in D–P plane and thereafter decreases with increasing luminosity as predicted in this work.
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Deshpande Rohini and Deshpande Deepak. "FIR Notch Filter with Rejection Bandwidth Tuning and Sharpening." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-828-0-364.
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Two novel design methodologies for the FIR notch filter (NF) are proposed: i) Design with rejection bandwidth (RBW) tuning. ii) Design with narrow RBW. In both methodologies, basic FIR notch filter is evolved from second order IIR notch filter. In the first design, a relationship between pole radius &lsquo;r&rsquo; and RBW is developed for different values of notch frequencies and filter lengths. Such developed relation is used to design an FIR notch filter for the specified RBW, notch frequency and given length. In the second methodology, design of FIR notch filter with highly narrow RBW is suggested. Reduction in the RBW is achieved by choosing high value of &lsquo;r&rsquo; for FIR NF designed from a second order infinite impulse response (IIR) prototype filter and then by using an amplitude change function (ACF): H(z)(2 &ndash; H(z)).
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Hedman, Shawn. "Structures and first-order logic." In A First Course in Logic. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529804.003.0006.
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First-order logic is a richer language than propositional logic. Its lexicon contains not only the symbols ∧, ∨, ￢, →, and ↔ (and parentheses) from propositional logic, but also the symbols ∃ and ∀ for “there exists” and “for all,” along with various symbols to represent variables, constants, functions, and relations. These symbols are grouped into five categories. • Variables. Lower case letters from the end of the alphabet (. . . x, y, z) are used to denote variables. Variables represent arbitrary elements of an underlying set. This, in fact, is what “first-order” refers to. Variables that represent sets of elements are called second-order. Second-order logic, discussed in Chapter 9, is distinguished by the inclusion of such variables. • Constants. Lower case letters from the beginning of the alphabet (a, b, c, . . .) are usually used to denote constants. A constant represents a specific element of an underlying set. • Functions. The lower case letters f, g, and h are commonly used to denote functions. The arguments may be parenthetically listed following the function symbol as f(x1, x2, . . . , xn). First-order logic has symbols for functions of any number of variables. If f is a function of one, two, or three variables, then it is called unary, binary, or ternary, respectively. In general, a function of n variables is called n-ary and n is referred to as the arity of the function. • Relations. Capital letters, especially P, Q, R, and S, are used to denote relations. As with functions, each relation has an associated arity. We have an infinite number of each of these four types of symbols at our disposal. Since there are only finitely many letters, subscripts are used to accomplish this infinitude. For example, x1, x2, x3, . . . are often used to denote variables. Of course, we can use any symbol we want in first-order logic. Ascribing the letters of the alphabet in the above manner is a convenient convention. If you turn to a random page in this book and see “R(a, x, y),” you can safely assume that R is a ternary relation, x and y are variables, and a is a constant.
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Wojtucki, Daniel. "„Zums Maul einen stein und unter den Zunge einen heller legen” – wierzenia w szkodliwą aktywność zmarłych na Śląsku na przykładzie wydarzeń z 1595 r. z Witkowa koło Kamiennej Góry." In Różne barwy historiografii: Księga z okazji jubileuszu 65. urodzin Profesora Jerzego Maronia. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788383680446.06.
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The term “posthumous magic” (Magia posthuma) became widespread only in the early 18th century. It refers to a phenomenon related to ancient beliefs in returning deceased individuals who could harm the living. From a preserved judicial book covering the years 1538-1643 and the chronicles of the Krzeszów estates, we know of two cases of the malevolent dead that occurred in 1595 and 1668 in Witków near Kamienna Góra. These events caused great concern among the local population and subsequently, among the higher authorities, who were approached for help and intervention. In both cases, the local court informed the higher authorities about complaints regarding unexplained, terrifying events in the village and the remedial measures taken in connection with them. In relation to the events of 1595, a specific couple of deceased individuals were accused of malevolent actions. In 1668, an old dead woman was the culprit. Despite several decades separating the two events, the common denominator was accusations of witchcraft, that is, black magic. In both cases, the exhumation of the bodies and the burning of the corpses retrieved from the graves at the outskirts of the village were ordered. Along with the cremation of the deceased, the local population was no longer plagued by unexplained phenomena.
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"Chapitre 2 Relations, ensembles N, Z, Q et R." In Mathématiques supérieures. EDP Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2788-6.c003.
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"Chapitre 2 Relations, ensembles N, Z, Q et R." In Mathématiques supérieures. EDP Sciences, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2787-9.c003.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Z-R relation"
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Shiina, Toru, Mamoru Kubo, and Ken-ichiro Muramoto. "Z-R relation for snowfall using two small doppler radars and snow particle images." In IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2010.5651170.
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Jukoski, Tayana Schultz, Talita Helen B. Gomig, Tamyres MIngorance Carvalho, Cicero Andrade Urban, and Enilze Maria Souza Fonseca Ribeiro. "IN SILICO AND PROTEOMICS APPROACHES SUGGEST UPREGULATION OF miR-146a-5p IN TNBC AND MODULATION OF CRITICAL PROTEINS." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1051.
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Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer after non-melanoma skin tumors among Brazilian women, with 61.61 cases estimated for 100 thousand women in 2020. New biomarkers, such as miRNAs and selected proteins, are essential in personalized medicine. Objectives: To evaluate the expression and possible role of miR-146a-5p in subtypes of BC. Methods: miRNAs selection was performed using in silico analysis from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. Data from the miRNAs expression of 1,085 patients were accessed and compared among BC subtypes. After normalization, the Bayesian Student t-test evaluated differential expression (DE) analysis via the limma R package. Lists with DE miRNAs were divided between up and down-regulated status (FC = ±2). A second approach was to submit the data obtained from BC samples´ mass spectrometry to IPA software to predict the activation/inhibition of upstream regulators in DE proteins lists in the tumor (T) versus contralateral tissue (CT). Results: A total of 206 upstream regulators were discovered at p <0.05; 12.6% of them were predicted with z-score values. In a TCGA analysis, miR-146a-5p was found up-regulated in triple-negative (TNBC) in comparison to other subtypes as a hormonal receptor (HR)+, HER2+, and non-TNBC (HR+ plus HER2+). The same was observed in TNBC cell lines by RT-qPCR. This miRNA was also predicted as an indirect regulator of CAT, LTF, CFH, and PGLYRP2 proteins in an IPA analysis. The proteomic analysis also demonstrated these molecules´ relation with cancer hallmarks such as invasion, inflammation, and immune response. Conclusions: The results suggest that miR-146a-5p deregulation has a role in BC, mainly in TNBC, via the regulation of essential proteins. A better understanding of these molecules in BC is critical to define new biomarkers.
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Kutsch, Steven, and Christoph Beierle. "InfOCF-Web: An Online Tool for Nonmonotonic Reasoning with Conditionals and Ranking Functions." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/711.
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InfOCF-Web provides implementations of system P and system Z inference, and of inference relations based on c-representation with respect to various inference modes and different classes of minimal models. It has an easy-to-use online interface for computing ranking models of a conditional knowledge R, and for answering queries and comparing inference results of nonmonotonic inference relations induced by R.
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Momeni, Kasra, and Aria Alasty. "Stress Distribution on Open-Ended Carbon Nanotubes." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70251.
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The stress distribution on open-ended Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in a composite material is considered in this work and an analytical solution for the stress distribution has been obtained. The effects of CNT’s thickness and CNT’s length on the distribution of stress have been investigated. To find the governing relations, continuity equations of the axisymmetric problem in cylindrical coordinate (r,θ,z) are used. Under some assumptions, the governing equations are solved and by using constitutive equations and applying the boundary conditions, an equation which relates the stress applied to the representative volume element with the stress distribution on the CNT, has been found. The analytical solution has been applied to three different CNTs. The results for the open-ended CNTs have been compared with the results for closed-ended ones.
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Romanchuk, Aleksey. "Alternative models in the phonetics of Romanian lexical borrowings in the Bulaestian dialect: a general analysis." In Conferinţă ştiinţifică naţională "Salvgardarea şi conservarea digitală a patrimoniului etnografic din Republica Moldova". Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841856.09.
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The adequate reconstruction of inter-ethnic relations requires the reconstruction of relative and absolute chronology of the process. Linguistic data presents a good opportunity for such reconstruction for the ethnographic group of Bulaestian Ukrainians. At the moment the following complexes of phonetic models in the Romanian borrowings of Bulaestian dialects were detected (for each complex the alternative phonetic models are given in the chronological order I have assumed): t’, d’ > т, д/т’, д’ (/ал|тeца/, /|дежма/, /|подeна/ : /ба|д'ей/, /ко|т'iga/, /|т'aск/; câ, gâ (cî, gî) > к’е, g’е (к’i, g’i)/кы, гы (/к’ерд/, /|к’ержа/, /к’iр|лeg/ : / gыл|к’е/, /|кырцате/, /сал|кын/); â(î) > е/ы (/б|лeнда/, /|серма/, /френ|g’iйа/ : /|быжбатe/, /|бызатe/, /быр/); i > е/i (/бар|деца/, /лен|дeк/, /ф|рeка/ : /к’iт|р’iвeй/, /л’iл’i|йaк/); vâ(vî) > вi/вы (/|В’iшкаўцi/ : /выр|т'еж/); ţi > цэ/цы/цi (/бо|цeтeи/, /куркуба|цeл’i/ : /горбо|цыка/, /цы|gайа/, /|цыркатe/) : /горбо|ц’iка/; z(dz) > ж/дз/з (Мер|жеште/ : /|дзардзар’i/, /дзeр/, /|дзeстра/ : /Бар›i|з›евe/, /за|wор/, /збур|датe/); c’ > ш’:/ч (/б’еш’:/, /|g’eрл'iш’:/, /|Ш':уда/ ‘Michael's Miracle, September 19’, /К’iп’iр|ш':ане/ : /гарпа|ч’iка/, /прe|ч’eна/, /|ч›:удо/ ‘annoyance’); ş > ш/ш’: (/борш/, /мала|еш/, /мо|шыйа/ : /|ботуш':/, /кодe|рeш’:/, /курку|душ':i/); o > wо/о (/wог|рада/, /wо|g’aл/, /wо|л’iй/, /wоце|к’iло/ : /оф|т’igа/); r > р’/р (/ва|кар'/, /|гач’iр’/, /ма|гар'/ : /бу|жор/, /ка|тыр/, /транда|ш’:iр/).
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Altman, Brianna, Maha Mian, Luna Ueno, and Mitch Earleywine. "Average Intoxication as a Proxy for Cannabis Use." In 2020 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.4.
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Assessing cannabis use is challenging due to the lack of standardized doses, differing potencies among products, and the potential for sharing with others. Although legalization of cannabis might give users a better sense of the quantity purchased and THC/CBD composition of products, issues in assessment and measurement can still preclude researchers from understanding use patterns. Given these challenges, the present work examines whether an individual’s average level of intoxication after cannabis consumption might serve as a better proxy for cannabis use than quantity of use. Data was aggregated from several studies related to cannabis use and health behaviors and collapsed across common variables (N = 2,659, Mean age = 34.08, 61.9% Male, 84.8% Caucasian). Our sample reported using cannabis either six or seven days per week, consuming approximately 1.12 ounces of cannabis per month (SD = .35 ounces), attaining an average intoxication of 3.49 on a scale from 0 (“Not at all”) to 6 (“Extremely high;” SD = 1.21), and experiencing a mild amount of cannabis-induced impairment as measured by the Cannabis-Associated Problems Questionnaire (CAPQ; M = 8.21, SD = 9.08). In this sample of frequent users, average intoxication levels were significantly related to cannabis problems (r = .153, p < .001) while quantity per month appeared to be unrelated (r = .005, p = .798). Using Meng’s (1992) procedure for comparing correlated correlation coefficients, these relations were found to significantly differ from each other (Z = - 5.53, p < .001). Our results provide preliminary evidence supporting cannabis-induced intoxication as a better proxy for cannabis use than quantity consumed. Individuals might more accurately remember their experiences of being high as opposed to recalling how much they consumed over a month’s span. Future work should continue to examine relations between intoxication and other indices of cannabis use to confirm and extend our findings.
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Zhelenkova, O., and A. Temirova. "RCR J090511.74+045536.8 – a candidate for the most distant radio galaxies." In Modern astronomy: from the Early Universe to exoplanets and black holes. Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.26119/vak2024.043.
Full textAbstract:
Using modern radio, infrared and optical sky surveys, hosts have been found for the vast majority of radio sources detected by the Cold experiment and included in the RATAN Cold Refined (RCR) catalog. In this paper, we present details of the optical identification of one of the objects in the RCR catalog – a double radio source RCR J090511.74+045536.8. Initially, we matched it with the to SDSS J090511.94+045537.6, which we assumed to be a supernova that exploded in the host galaxy of the radio source. This hypothesis had to be abandoned, however, as to its properties the SDSS database indicated that it was an asteroid. Searching for the host galaxy of the radio source in deeper optical surveys allowed us to detect an object fainter than $r\approx 26^m$ at the expected location of the host relative to the radio source lobes. We cannot use the selection criteria for Lyman-Break Galaxies (LBG) due to the faintness of the host, but we can assume that the object can be classified as one of them, since it is detected in the r-filter and brighter in the i-filter, but is absent in other filters. Then its estimated host redshift may be greater than $z\gtrsim 4-5$, making it a candidate for the most distant radio galaxies.
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Jordan, C. Neil, Cassius A. Elston, Lesley M. Wright, and Daniel C. Crites. "Leading Edge Impingement With Racetrack Shaped Jets and Varying Inlet Supply Conditions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94611.
Full textAbstract:
Impinging jets are often employed within the leading edge of turbine blades and vanes to combat the tremendous heat loads incurred as the hot exhaust gases stagnate along the exterior of the airfoil. Relative to traditional cylindrical jets, racetrack shaped impinging jets have been shown to produce favorable cooling characteristics within the turbine airfoil. This investigation experimentally and numerically quantifies the cooling characteristics associated with a row of racetrack shaped jets impinging on a concave, cylindrical surface. Detailed Nusselt number distributions are obtained using both a transient liquid crystal technique and commercially available CFD software (Star CCM+ from CD-Adapco). Three geometrical jet inlet and exit conditions are experimentally investigated: a square edge, a partially filleted edge (r/dH,Jet = 0.25), and a fully filleted edge (r/dH,Jet = 0.667). Additionally, to investigate the effect of high crossflow velocities at the inlet of the jet, a portion of the flow supplied to the test apparatus radially bypasses the impingement section. Thus, the mass flow rate into the test section is varied to achieve the desired inlet crossflow conditions and jet Reynolds numbers. As a result, jet Reynolds numbers (ReJet) of 11500 and 23000 are investigated at supply duct Reynolds numbers (ReDuct) of 20000 and 30000. The results are compared to baseline cases where no mass bypasses the test section. Additionally, the relative jet – to – jet spacing (s/dH,Jet) is maintained at 8, the relative jet – to – target surface spacing (z/dH,Jet) is 4, the target surface curvature – to – jet hydraulic diameter (D/dH,Jet) is 5.33, and the relative thickness of the jet plate (t/dH,Jet) is 1.33. Measurements indicate that the addition of fillets at the edges of the jet orifice and the introduction of significant crossflow velocity at the inlet of the jet can significantly degrade the cooling characteristics on the leading edge of the turbine blade. The magnitude of such degradation generally increases with increasing fillet size and inlet crossflow velocity. The V2F model is adequate for predicting the flow field and target surface heat transfer in the absence of inlet crossflow; however, it is believed the turbulence within the jet is overpredicted by the CFD leading to elevated heat transfer coefficients (compared to the experimental results).
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Maggi, A., T. W. Barrowcliffe, E. Gray, M. B. Donati, R. E. Merton, and I. Pangrazzi. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAEMORRHAGIC AND LIPASE-RET EASING PROPERTIES OF HEPARIN AND LMV HEPARIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642929.
Full textAbstract:
In a preliminary study, a good correlation (r = 0.97) was noted between the relative abilities of an unfractionated heparin, a LMW heparin, pentosan poly sulphate and dermatan sulphate to prolong the template bleeding time in rabbits and their lipase-releasing potencies. In the present study, we have measured the prolongation of both the template and transection bleeding times in groups of 5 rats given i.v. injections of 0.75 mg/kg of two different unfractionated heparins (UEH), A and B, three different LMW heparins, X, Y and Z, and a heparan sulphate, HS. Lipase release was measured in plasma samples from different groups of 5 rats, using a tritiated triolein method.UFH A had the most haemorrhagic effect, with an approximate doubling of both template and transection bleeding times and was also the most potent lipase-releaser, giving an average lipase level of 1126 mu/ml. UFH B had no significant effect on the template bleeding time, but did prolong the transection time; its lipase releasing potency was 70% of UFH A. IMW heparin X had no effect on template or transection bleeding time and released only 40% lipase compared with UEH A. LMW heparins Y and Z did not affect the template bleeding time but did prolong the transection time; they released more lipase (60%) than LMW heparin X. Correlation coefficients with lipase release were 0.97 for the template bleeding time and 0.69 for the transection bleeding time. HS released only 7% lipase but gave significant prolongations of both bleeding times.These results confirm a strong positive correlation between the haemorrhagic and lipase releasing properties of heparin and LMW heparin, suggesting very similar structural requirements for the two biological activities. This correlation exists also for dermatan sulphate and pentosan polysulphate, but not for the heparan sulphate sample tested.
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Jordan, C. Neil, Lesley M. Wright, and Daniel C. Crites. "Impingement Heat Transfer on a Cylindrical, Concave Surface With Varying Jet Geometries." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68818.
Full textAbstract:
Jet impingement is often employed within the leading edge of modern turbine airfoils to combat the extreme heat loads incurred within this region. This experimental investigation employs a transient liquid crystal technique to obtain detailed Nusselt number distributions on a concave, cylindrical surface that models the leading edge of a turbine airfoil. The effect of hole shape as well as differing hole inlet and exit conditions are investigated. Two hole shapes are studied: cylindrical and racetrack shaped holes; for each hole shape, the hydraulic diameter and mass flow rate into the array of jets is conserved. As a result, the jet’s Reynolds number (Rejet) varies between the two jet arrays. Reynolds numbers of 13600, 27200, and 40700 are investigated for the cylindrical holes and Reynolds numbers of 11500, 23000, and 34600 are investigated for the racetrack holes. Three inlet and exit conditions are investigated for each hole shape: a square edged, a partially filleted, and a fully filleted hole. The ratio of the fillet radius to hole hydraulic diameter (r / dH,Jet) is set at 0.25 and 0.667 for the partially and fully filleted holes, respectively. The relative jet–to–jet spacing (s / dH,Jet) is maintained at 8, the jet–to–target surface spacing (z / dH,Jet) is maintained at 4, the jet–to–target surface curvature (D / dH,Jet) is maintained at 5.33, and the relative jet plate thickness (t / dH,Jet) is maintained at 1.33. Results show the Nusselt number is directly related to the jet Reynolds number for both cylindrical and racetrack shaped holes. The racetrack holes are shown to provide enhanced heat transfer compared to the cylindrical holes for a set mass flow rate. The degree of filleting at the inlet and outlet of the holes affects whether the heat transfer on the leading edge model is further enhanced or degraded.