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Goehre, Felix, Christopher Ludtka, and Stefan Schwan. "Ergonomics of surgical microscopes for the sitting position as determined by ocular-corpus length." Surgical Neurology International 11 (August 15, 2020): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_292_2020.
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Background: The sitting position is favorable for microsurgical procedures applied to posterior midline pathologies in both the supra- and infratentorial regions. The dimensions of the microscope corpus affect the device’s comfort and handling in the hands of the microneurosurgeon for such procedures. A shorter microscope corpus provides more favorable intraoperative ergonomics for surgical practice. Methods: Evaluation of the most comfortable microscope for its application in microsurgical procedures in the sitting position as determined by ocular-corpus length. Results: Six modern surgical microscopes were tested and evaluated regarding their ocular-corpus lengths and working distances: the Mitaka MM90, Zeiss Kinevo 900, Zeiss Pentero 900, Leica M530, Zeiss Neuro NC4, and Möller-Wedel Hi-R 1000. The ocular-corpus lengths vary between 270 and 380 mm. The Mitaka MM90 microscope has the shortest ocular-corpus length at 270 mm. Conclusion: The ocular-corpus length determines the predominant part of the lever arm, which affects the fatigue of the surgeon. By virtue of its short ocular-corpus length, the Mitaka MM90 is currently the most favorable microscope for microsurgical procedures using a sitting position.
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Uluç, Kutluay, Gregory C. Kujoth, and Mustafa K. Başkaya. "Operating microscopes: past, present, and future." Neurosurgical Focus 27, no. 3 (2009): E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.6.focus09120.
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The operating microscope is a fixture of modern surgical facilities, and it is a critically important factor in the success of many of the most complex and difficult surgical interventions used in medicine today. The rise of this key surgical tool reflects advances in understanding the principles of optics and vision that have occurred over centuries. The development of reading spectacles in the late 13th century led to the construction of early compound microscopes in the 16th and 17th centuries by Lippershey, Janssen, Galileo, Hooke, and others. Perhaps surprisingly, Leeuwenhoek's simple microscopes of this era offered improved performance over his contemporaries' designs. The intervening years saw improvements that reduced the spherical and chromatic aberrations present in compound microscopes. By the late 19th century, Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe ushered the compound microscope into the beginnings of the modern era of commercial design and production. The introduction of the microscope into the operating room by Nylén in 1921 initiated a revolution in surgical practice that gained momentum throughout the 1950s with multiple refinements, the introduction of the Zeiss OPMI series, and Kurze's application of the microscope to neurosurgery in 1957. Many of the refinements of the last 50 years have greatly improved the handling and practical operation of the surgical microscope, considerations which are equally important to its optical performance. Today's sophisticated operating microscopes allow for advanced real-time angiographic and tumor imaging. In this paper the authors discuss what might be found in the operating rooms of tomorrow.
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Zeiss, Carl. "New Zeiss Brochure Highlights Surgical Microscopes for Ophthalmology." Retina 11, no. 4 (1991): 452???457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-199110000-00033.
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BULAT, TANJA, OTILIJA KETA, LELA KORIĆANAC, et al. "Radiation dose determines the method for quantification of DNA double strand breaks." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 88, no. 1 (2016): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620140553.
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ABSTRACT Ionizing radiation induces DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) that trigger phosphorylation of the histone protein H2AX (γH2AX). Immunofluorescent staining visualizes formation of γH2AX foci, allowing their quantification. This method, as opposed to Western blot assay and Flow cytometry, provides more accurate analysis, by showing exact position and intensity of fluorescent signal in each single cell. In practice there are problems in quantification of γH2AX. This paper is based on two issues: the determination of which technique should be applied concerning the radiation dose, and how to analyze fluorescent microscopy images obtained by different microscopes. HTB140 melanoma cells were exposed to γ-rays, in the dose range from 1 to 16 Gy. Radiation effects on the DNA level were analyzed at different time intervals after irradiation by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunochemically stained cells were visualized with two types of microscopes: AxioVision (Zeiss, Germany) microscope, comprising an ApoTome software, and AxioImagerA1 microscope (Zeiss, Germany). Obtained results show that the level of γH2AX is time and dose dependent. Immunofluorescence microscopy provided better detection of DSBs for lower irradiation doses, while Western blot analysis was more reliable for higher irradiation doses. AxioVision microscope containing ApoTome software was more suitable for the detection of γH2AX foci.
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Cosandey, F. "Low-voltage fesem study of TiO2 surface structure and metallization." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100163149.
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Recent developments of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FESEM) are now permitting material science studies of surfaces with nanometer scale resolution. For the study of oxide materials with low conductivity it is particularly important to image surfaces at low voltage in order to minimize both the electron range and charging. The unique electron optic design of the LEO (ex ZEISS) 982 GEMINI microscope combining retarding field and electrostatic lens concepts with Schottky field emission source is particularly well optimize for high resolution imaging of materials at low voltage. In this study, we are presenting results on performance evaluation of the LEO 982 FESEM microscope with a study of TiO2 surface structure and metallization.
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Carmichael, Stephen W. "Sub-Ångstrom Resolution." Microscopy Today 11, no. 6 (2003): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500053372.
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Antoni van Leeuwenhoek showed the practical use of the light microscope in the 1600s after much effort to improve the quality of optical lenses. Pioneering microscopists such as Ernst Abbé, Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, Lord John Rayleigh, Carl Zeiss, and August Köhler then brought us to the brink of optimal performance of the light microscope approximately a century ago, Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll showed in the 1930s that high-energy electrons could be used in place of light, giving greatly improved resolution. In the 1970's Albert Crewe and co-workers developed the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and used the Z-contrast method to improve resolution in the electron microscope by about a factor of two. The scanning probe (nonoptical) microscopes aside, there hasn't been a significant advance in spatial resolution since.
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Barinov, A. A. "ENHANCED THE SCANNING CAPABILITIES OF CONFOCAL MICROSCOPES ZEISS IN AREAS REQUIRING EXTREME SCANNING SPEEDS." Siberian Medical Review, no. 5 (2016): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20333/25000136-2016-5-76-77.
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Kuo, Tai-Chih, Ting-Jou Ding, Jui-Hui Lin, and Shih-Hsin Ma. "Optical Design of an LED Lighting Source for Fluorescence Microscopes." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (2019): 4574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214574.
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In this study, we reveal an LED light source model applied in fluorescence microscopes. This optical model is composed of a confocal total internal reflection lens array system (CTLAS) with a nine-LED array. The CTLAS optical system that we designed consists of a total internal reflection (TIR) lens array and a confocal system. The electrical power of the nine-LED array is 7.9 watts, which is lower than traditional light sources, such as the original 120-watt halogen lamps used in fluorescence microscopes (Zeiss, Axio Imager 2). We have successfully applied the CTLAS system to an Axio Imager 2 fluorescence microscope to observe the vascular bundle organization, modified with Cy3 fluorescence molecules, and have found that in the process of system assembly, the fabrication errors of optical lenses could have a critical effect on the CTLAS system. The results of our experiment show that, in order to achieve the same illuminance as that of the halogen lamp, the displacement error tolerances of the lateral x-axis and the longitudinal z-axis must be controlled within 1.3 mm and 1.7 mm, respectively.
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Probst, W., R. Bauer, G. Benner, and J. L. Lehman. "Koehler illumination advantages for imaging in TEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 1010–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100089366.
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The Koehler principle of correct illumination in the light microscope was described about 100 years ago by A. Koehler. It is used in most of todays upper class light microscopes in order to achieve optimal imaging conditiones. Basically, in light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) the same optical principles are used in order to describe or design beam paths in the different types of instruments. Mainly due to technical reasons up to now it was, however, not possible to transfer all the advantageous optical experience from LM to EM. The EM 910 from Carl Zeiss is now the first TEM providing the benefits of Koehler illumination.The Koehler principle is the most favourable design of the illumination beam path of a microscope as an imaging beam path for the source. In the first step the light source (LM) or the electron beam crossover (TEM) is imaged into the front focal plane of the condenser lens (LM) or the objective-prefield lens (TEM), respectively.
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Dickson, M. R. "A Working Model of a Fully Digital Academic High-Throughput Microscopy Facility." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (1998): 72–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600020481.
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The Electron Microscope Unit at the University has a good selection of microscopes: two tungsten SEMs, two FESEMs, a microprobe analysis system, a 125 kY TEM, a 200 kV TEM, an AFM, an FIB miller, a Zeiss Photomicroscope and a Leica Macroscope. We service around 300 clients’ projects a year in every field of experimental science and engineering, logging over 8,000 hrs of beam time annually.But funding constraints have always kept us short staffed and our laboratory has been working towards complete digital image capture for the past ten years to enhance our productivity. The perceived benefits of digitisation for us are:Photographic processing of negatives eliminated.Archiving of (bulky) photographic negatives eliminated.Need for special darkroom & graphics skills eliminatedResponsibility for archiving and indexing images devolved to individual usersResponsibility for image processing devolved to individual users.Rapid turnaround of images.Rapid sharing of results.
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Overney, Gregor. "Using a Sony Cyber-Shot Digital Camera for Photomicrography." Microscopy Today 10, no. 6 (2002): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500058442.
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Photomicrography is the combination of photography and compound microscopy. Photographers working with compound microscopes are facing many challenges (for an introduction see [1] and [2]). Digital photography offers great advantages, but also adds additional difficulties. Digital cameras have been used in photomicrography for over a decade now. Today, we have access to many excellent consumer-grade digital cameras that are most suitable for low-cost imaging systems for light microscopy. In this short paper, I summarize my experience with the Sony DSC-S70 digital camera, which comes with a nice, large Zeiss lens. (Most of the ideas presented in this paper are also valid for the DSC-S75 and DSC-S85.)
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Steinbach, Gábor, and Radek Kaňa. "Automated Microscopy: Macro Language Controlling a Confocal Microscope and its External Illumination: Adaptation for Photosynthetic Organisms." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, no. 2 (2016): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616000556.
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AbstractPhotosynthesis research employs several biophysical methods, including the detection of fluorescence. Even though fluorescence is a key method to detect photosynthetic efficiency, it has not been applied/adapted to single-cell confocal microscopy measurements to examine photosynthetic microorganisms. Experiments with photosynthetic cells may require automation to perform a large number of measurements with different parameters, especially concerning light conditions. However, commercial microscopes support custom protocols (throughTime Controlleroffered by Olympus orExperiment Designeroffered by Zeiss) that are often unable to provide special set-ups and connection to external devices (e.g., for irradiation). Our new system combining an Arduino microcontroller with theCell⊕Findersoftware was developed for controlling Olympus FV1000 and FV1200 confocal microscopes and the attached hardware modules. Our software/hardware solution offers (1) a text file-based macro language to control the imaging functions of the microscope; (2) programmable control of several external hardware devices (light sources, thermal controllers, actuators) during imaging via the Arduino microcontroller; (3) theCell⊕Findersoftware with ergonomic user environment, a fast selection method for the biologically important cells and precise positioning feature that reduces unwanted bleaching of the cells by the scanning laser.Cell⊕Findercan be downloaded fromhttp://www.alga.cz/cellfinder. The system was applied to study changes in fluorescence intensity inSynechocystissp. PCC6803 cells under long-term illumination. Thus, we were able to describe the kinetics of phycobilisome decoupling. Microscopy data showed that phycobilisome decoupling appears slowly after long-term (>1 h) exposure to high light.
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Benner, G., J. Frey, M. Rosβ-Meβemer, and W. Probst. "A new computer-powered TEM with unique imaging capabilities." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 490–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170189.
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1. IntroductionA modern electron microscope designed for routine operation must provide user-friendly operation and a high degree of automation without compromising its imaging performance. Adequate computerization of the system is the way to achieve this goal. Up to now even the most advanced computer controlled microscopes can set important parameters like the magnification, the image brightness or the image orientation only in discrete steps. In the new Zeiss EM 906 continuous adjustment of these parameters has been realised for the first time by means of realtime computer interpolation of the lens excitations between the discrete lens current combinations corresponding to the discrete parameter settings.2. Computer architecture of the microscopeThe computer network comprises a DOS-compatible system (host) computer, four subsystems controlled by separate microprocessor and a flexible data and program memory. The integrated system computer controls the electron optics while the gun, the goniometer, the camera and the vacuum system are controlled and monitored by autonomous microprocessor systems, which are connected to the host computer for data transfer via interrupt-controlled parallel interfaces.
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Wang, Yu-li. "Fluorescence microscopy of molecular organization and dynamics in cultured cells." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 550–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100123155.
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Over the past ten years various technical advances have allowed the direct study of molecular activities in cultured cells under a fluorescence microscope. Fluorescent probes are well known for their high sensitivity, specificity and amenability to various spectroscopic analyses. When used in conjunction with low-light-level detectors and image processing computers, high resolution images of weak signals from single cells can be successfully acquired. In addition, the availability of digitized images has greatly facilitated the extraction of photometric and morphometric information.We use Zeiss inverted microscopes equipped with epi-illuminators and Dage-MTI ISIT video cameras or Photometrics cooled CCD cameras. Custom incubator systems built on the microscope stages allow the maintenance of live cells for up to several days. The signals are processed with image processing systems (Imaging Technologies) interfaced with graphics workstations (Silicon Graphics, Model 3130 or 4D/20) or personal computers (386/33). All images are acquired by frame averaging/signal integration, followed by subtraction of the dark noise, and storage as computer files. A variation of this simple processing strategy has allowed the detection of extremely weak signals that are essentially invisible on unprocessed ISIT images. Computer programs are then used to display sequences or images as motion pictures, to measure the linear dimension and angular orientation, and to integrate intensities over defined areas.
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Heuser, John, and Wolfgang Probst. "Using a TEM Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer to Eliminate Offensive Carbon “halos” from Platinum Replicas of Quick-Frozen, Deep-Etched Biological Samples." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (1990): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100158479.
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A significant improvement in image quality can be achieved, when imaging deepetch replicas via TEM, by using an electron energy loss spectrometer in a rather unorthodox manner. Microscopes equipped with true imaging spectrometers, such as the Zeiss EM 902, permit the viewer to subtract the offensive carbon “background halo” which is characteristic of all deep-etch replicas. Heretofore, this “halo” has been an unavoidable consequence of the need to “back” or physically support the otherwise extremely delicate platinum replica. In fact, much thicker carbon supports would be desirable, since fragmentation of platinum replicas during their cleaning represents the single greatest impediment to successful use of the deep-etch technique. Until now, such thick carbon has created hopeless “halos” and excessive blurring of replicas in the TEM. Amazingly, such imaging problems can be circumvented, regardless of the thickness of the carbon “backing”, by “dialing out” the carbon signal from the TEM image!
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Mazur, V., Р. Loboda, Т. Soloviova та ін. "Microscopic kinetics of isothermal sintering of Fe-20 % (mаs.) Mo alloy". Innovative Materials and Technologies in Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering, № 2 (18 березня 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6885-2020-2-4.
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Purpose of work. To investigate the features of microscopic kinetics of peritectoid transformation in Fe-Mo system alloys in an isothermal mode. Experimental part. Microscopic analysis of samples on light (Jenaphot 2000, K. Zeiss) and scanning electron (REM 106I, Selmi) microscopes, X-ray spectral microanalysis of the component’s concentrations distribution between the phases, X-ray phase analysis (Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer). Results. Microstructure changes, phase composition and crystal lattices parameters of the phase constituents of the powder alloy during sintering at 920 °C were investigated. Variation in the phase constituents mass fraction during 7 hours of the isothermal exposure is analyzed. The formation of anomalous diffusion porosity at the beginning of the process, the nonmonotonic change in the phase constituents fraction and formation of intermediate phases with an unstable component’s concentration are the main features of the microscopic kinetics. The sintering mechanism is proposed. Scientific novelty. A local peritectoid transformation existence at the Fe/Mo interface was established by analyzing the local diffusion flows of components atoms. This transformation occurs upon isothermal supply of Mo atoms with the formation of a cooperative peritectoid structural constituents according to the α- Fe + Mo → α + μ scheme with residual Mo crystals. Formulation of the problem. This work aims to clarify the phenomenological theory of peritectoid transformation during isothermal α-Fe grains enrichment with molybdenum by studying the features of microscopic kinetics in the Fe-Mo system alloys. Practical value. Peritectoid (α + μ) with branched phase соnstituents of cooperative genesis forms a developed system of local diffusion flows of Mo atoms in α -Fe. This increases the molybdenum peritectoid transformation rate at a relatively low sintering temperature for these alloys and reduces the energy consumption in the technological process.
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Mayer, J., and J. Plitzko. "Electron spectroscopic imaging: detection and resolution limits, quantitative evaluation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100137926.
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One of the main applications of the new imaging energy filters is to obtain elemental distribution images by electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI). Before the technique can successfully be applied to new materials problems it is important to evaluate the detection and resolution limits which have to be expected. Since the intensities in ESI images recorded with inner shell loss electrons are very small, the detection limit is governed by the signal to noise ratio (S/N). In a systematic study we have evaluated the performance of three different electron microscopes, a Zeiss EM 912 Omega, a Philips CM 20, and a Jeol ARM 1250, the latter two being equipped with a Gatan imaging filter (GIF). As experimental systems we chose amorphous oxide grain boundary films in Si3N4 ceramics and thin diamond films on silicon substrates. Furthermore, new routines were developed to extract EELS spectra from a whole series of ESI images. These EELS spectra can be used to study the local variation of the near edge fine structure (ELNES) or, after quantitative evaluation, of the chemical concentration of certain elements.
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Benner, Gerd, Manfred Prinz, Johannes Bihr, and Josef Frey. "A New Computer Control System for the EM 910 Transmission Electron Microscope." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (1990): 160–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100179555.
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Modern analytical electron microscopes must provide a multitude of illumination and imaging modes, a user-friendly operation and a high degree of flexibility. In addition a large number of monitoring and control functions must be performed. In the new Zeiss EM 910 this is achieved by a complete digitization of the instrument control system. The computer network comprises an AT-compatible system computer, 4 microprocessor-controlled subsystems and a flexible data and program memory. Two control panels and an interactive control monitor are used for operation of the instrument. A keyboard is integrated for data input.Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the computer control of the EM 910. The integrated system computer with an 80286 processor and a clock frequency of 12 MHz controls and monitors the electron optics (lenses, deflection systems, stigmators). Specially developed interrupt-controlled parallel interfaces ensure rapid communication between the system computer and the 4 autonomous Z80 microprocessor-controlled subsystems. The subsystems are:1. gun subsystem which controls and monitors the high-voltage system;2. goniometer subsystem for control and operation of the motorized 4-axis eucentric goniometer;3. camera subsystem which controls the sheet film camera and the components required for exposure such as automatic screens and the shutter;4. vacuum subsystem for control of the vacuum system and monitoring the compressed air and water supply.
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Bach, David, Reinhard Schneider, Dagmar Gerthsen, Jo Verbeeck, and Wilfried Sigle. "EELS of Niobium and Stoichiometric Niobium-Oxide Phases—Part I: Plasmon and Near-Edges Fine Structure." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, no. 6 (2009): 505–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760999105x.
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AbstractA comprehensive electron energy-loss spectroscopy study of niobium (Nb) and stable Nb-oxide phases (NbO, NbO2, Nb2O5) was carried out. In this work (Part I), the plasmons and energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) of all relevant Nb edges (Nb-N2,3, Nb-M4,5, Nb-M2,3, Nb-M1, and Nb-L2,3) up to energy losses of about 2600 eV and the O-K edge are analyzed with respect to achieving characteristic fingerprints of Nb in different formal oxidation states (0 for metallic Nb, +2 for NbO, +4 for NbO2, and +5 for Nb2O5). Chemical shifts of the Nb-N2,3, Nb-M4,5, Nb-M2,3, and Nb-L2,3 edges are extracted from the spectra that amount to about 4 eV as the oxidation state increases from 0 for Nb to +5 for Nb2O5. Four different microscopes, including a 200 keV ZEISS Libra with monochromator, were used. The corresponding wide range of experimental parameters with respect to the primary electron energy, convergence, and collection semi-angles as well as energy resolution allows an assessment of the influence of the experimental setup on the ELNES of the different edges. Finally, the intensity of the Nb-L2,3 white-line edges is correlated with niobium 4d-state occupancy in the different reference materials.
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Anonymous. "Zeiss Microscope." Journal of Refractive Surgery 4, no. 5 (1988): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081-597x-19880901-12.
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Wong, Serena, Michael H. Nathanson, Jianxin Chen, and Dhanpat Jain. "Evaluation of Barrett Esophagus by Multiphoton Microscopy." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 138, no. 2 (2014): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2012-0675-oa.
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Context.—Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) based on 2-photon excitation fluorescence and second-harmonic generation allows simultaneous visualization of cellular details and extracellular matrix components of fresh, unfixed, and unstained tissue. Portable multiphoton microscopes, which could be placed in endoscopy suites, and multiphoton endomicroscopes are in development, but their clinical utility is unknown. Objective.—To examine fresh, unfixed endoscopic biopsies obtained from the distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction to (1) define the MPM characteristics of normal esophageal squamous mucosa and gastric columnar mucosa, and (2) evaluate whether diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia/Barrett esophagus (BE) could be made reliably with MPM. Design.—The study examined 35 untreated, fresh biopsy specimens from 25 patients who underwent routine upper endoscopy. A Zeiss LSM 710 Duo microscope (Carl Zeiss, Thornwood, New York) coupled to a Spectra-Physics (Mountain View, California) Tsunami Ti:sapphire laser was used to obtain a MPM image within 4 hours of fresh specimen collection. After obtaining MPM images, the biopsy specimens were placed in 10% buffered formalin and submitted for routine histopathologic examination. Then, the MPM images were compared with the findings in the hematoxylin-eosin–stained, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. The MPM characteristics of the squamous, gastric-type columnar and intestinal-type columnar epithelium were analyzed. In biopsies with discrepancy between MPM imaging and hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections, the entire tissue block was serially sectioned and reevaluated. A diagnosis of BE was made when endoscopic and histologic criteria were satisfied. Results.—Based on effective 2-photon excitation fluorescence of cellular reduced pyridine nucleotides and flavin adenine dinucleotide and lack of 2-photon excitation fluorescence of mucin and cellular nuclei, MPM could readily identify and distinguish among squamous epithelial cells, goblet cells, gastric foveolar-type mucous cells, and parietal cells in the area of gastroesophageal junction. Based on the cell types identified, the mucosa was defined as squamous, columnar gastric type (cardia/fundic-type), and metaplastic columnar intestinal-type/BE. Various types of mucosa seen in the study of 35 biopsies included normal squamous mucosa only (n = 14; 40%), gastric cardia-type mucosa only (n = 2; 6%), gastric fundic mucosa (n = 6; 17%), and both squamous and gastric mucosa (n = 13; 37%). Intestinal metaplasia was identified by the presence of goblet cells in 10 of 25 cases (40%) leading to a diagnosis of BE on MPM imaging and only in 7 cases (28%) by histopathology. In 3 of 35 biopsies (9%), clear-cut goblet cells were seen by MPM imaging but not by histopathology, even after the entire tissue block was sectioned. Based on effective 2-photon excitation fluorescence of elastin and second-harmonic generation of collagen, connective tissue in the lamina propria and the basement membrane was also visualized with MPM. Conclusions.—Multiphoton microscopy has the ability to accurately distinguish squamous epithelium and different cellular elements of the columnar mucosa obtained from biopsies around the gastroesophageal junction, including goblet cells that are important for the diagnosis of BE. Thus, use of MPM in the endoscopy suite might provide immediate microscopic images during endoscopy, improving screening and surveillance of patients with BE.
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Ryabushko, L. I., D. S. Balycheva, A. V. Bondarenko, S. N. Zheleznova, A. A. Begun, and I. V. Stonik. "Different aspects of studying a diatom Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann et Lewin 1964 in natural and laboratory conditions." Marine Biological Journal 4, no. 2 (2019): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.2.06.
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The article summarizes original and literary data on different aspects of studying Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehrenberg) Reimann et Lewin 1964 in two biotopes – phytoplankton and microphytobenthos – of the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Sea of Japan for the period from 1976 to 2016. The aim of the work is to present the results of the study mainly of own data on the morphology, systematics and ecology of C. closterium in different seas and under cultivation in the laboratory. Information on the history of the species origin and its nomenclature changes is given. C. closterium belongs to the phylum Bacillariophyta, class Bacillariophyceae, order Bacillariales Hendey 1937, family Bacillariaceae Ehrenb. 1831, genus Cylindrotheca Rabenhorst 1859 emend. Reim. et Lewin 1964. This benthoplanktonic species occurs in the plankton, in littoral and sublittoral zones of the seas. The species is marine and brackish-water; it is a cosmopolite common in different geographical zones of the World Ocean. The results of studying alga by various methods under natural and experimental conditions in light and transmission electron microscopes of C. Zeiss LIBRA-120 are presented. The quantitative data of C. closterium were determined by direct counting of the cells in the Goryaev’ camera (V = 0.9 mm³) in light microscopes BIOLAM L-212, C. Zeiss Axioskop 40 with the program AxioVision Rel. 4.6 at 10×40, 10×100, and Olympus BX41 (Tokyo, Japan) with lenses UPLanF140× and 100×1/30 oil immersion. Cultivation of C. closterium was carried out in the cumulative mode on the nutrient medium F, volume of 1 L under light intensity of 13.7 klx and temperature of +20…+21 °C. Morphology data of this species from different seas were obtained. The average cell sizes of C. closterium are: 25–260 µm length, 1.5–8 µm width; 12–25 fibulae in 10 µm. The results of cultivation in the laboratory conditions showed that the average cell sizes reached 148.17 µm (length) and 8 µm (width) at the temperature of +19…+20 °C and light intensity of 13 klx; length of cells reached 162.12 µm in the exponential phase of growth and 172.07 µm – in the stationary phase. C. closterium has an important practical significance as a source of fucoxanthin, since this alga is intensively cultivated for production of biologically active substances. Our experimental data showed that during laboratory cultivation the fucoxanthin concentration in a diatom biomass can reach 11 mg·g-1 of dry mass. The new data obtained are relevant and important; they can be used in different fields of science and medicine. The seasonal dynamics of population abundance of C. closterium in different ecotopes (epizoon of invertebrates and their food spectra, epiphyton of bottom vegetation, periphyton of the experimental and anthropogenic substrates of the different seas) is presented for the first time. The maximum abundance of the species population (65.6·10³ cells·cm-2) was registered in the epizoon of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lam. in March at the water temperature of +7.7 °C at a depth of 2.5 m in the Black Sea. The maximum abundance was registered in the epiphyton of green algae (896·10³ cells·cm-2) and in the periphyton of asbestos plates (728·10³ cells·cm-2) in August at the water temperature of +24.5 °C in the Sea of Japan. The abundance dynamics of C. closterium natural populations in the local habitats changed depending on the season, the depth, and the type of substrate. The similarities and differences in the distribution of C. closterium in the sea microphytobenthos are discussed.
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Nikolenko, Sergey V., Leonid A. Konevtsov, Pavel S. Gordienko, Eugenii S. Panin, and Sergey A. Velichko. "Effect of Chromium Addition and Regimes during Electrospark Alloying with Aluminum Matrix Anode Material of Steel 45." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 3 (2021): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.449-469.
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Introduction. Electrospark alloying is used to produce hardening coatings. Anodic materials with unique properties include metal matrix composites based on aluminum. The aim of the work is to develop new aluminum matrix anode composite materials with high efficiency indicators during electrospark alloying of carbon steel 45. Materials and Methods. Structural carbon steel 45 was used as the substrate (cathode). Aluminum matrix materials are chosen as the anode materials. The value of the cathode weight increment and the anode erosion were determined by the gravimetric method on the Shinko Denshi HTR-220 CE electronic scale with an accuracy of ±∙10–4 g. To study the microstructure and metallography of the surface of the anode materials, the microscopes EVO-50 XVP and Altami MET 3 APO from S. ZEISS were used. The device CALOTEST CSM Instruments was used to study coatings for microabrasive wear. Results. There is developed a methodological scheme for achieving the efficiency of the electric spark alloying parameters and the properties of the doped layer depending on the composition of the anodic metal matrix composite material based on aluminum with the addition of chromium and processing modes. The mode of Institute of Materials Science electrospark installation with pulse energy of 14.4 J was set for anode material application during electrospark alloying. It is established that after electric spark alloying of steel 45, the hardness and wear resistance of the surface increase by 2-3 times, and the heat resistance ‒ by 5–18 times. Discussion and Conclusion. The series of increasing the cathode mass, the erosion resistance of the electrode materials, mass transfer coefficient, heat resistance, hardness and wear resistance of the alloyed layer are obtained. The obtained series are a convenient tool for achieving various efficiency parameters in electric spark alloying depending on the selected anode material and processing modes.
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Wang, Lei, Zhicai Wang, Hongtai Chao, and Chuancheng Yang. "Characteristics and Implications of Nanocoatings on Gouges in a Seismically Active Fault Zone." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 1 (2021): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18469.
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Using a ZEISS Axio Scope A1 ordinary polarizing microscope, a ZEISS Sigma 300 scanning electron microscope and a HITACHI S4800 scanning electron microscope, we observe micro/nanocharacteristics of slip planes in gouges sampled from the Tanlu fault zone, the Haiyuan fault zone and several other Late Pleistocene active faults, such as the Haiyang fault, the Shuangshan-Lijiazhuang fault and the Xintai-Mengyin fault, in Shandong Province. Based on microscopic observation of gouges, a straight slip zone is a sign of seismic stick slipping. According to scanning electron microscopy results, the surface of gouges is commonly covered by nanocoatings. Such coatings feature nanoparticles, aggregations, scratches, grooves, cracks and “silver lines.” According to the characteristics of nanomaterials, we believe that nanocoatings on gouges could help rapidly unload tectonic stress in the process of energy accumulation and weaken the strength of the active fault, which is beneficial to creep slipping and has a weakening effect on seismogenesis.
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Malankina, E. L., L. N. Kozlovskaya та E. N. Tkatcheva. "Epidermal structures of leaves in some Mentha х piperita L. varieties in connection with they productivity". Vegetable crops of Russia, № 6 (18 грудня 2019): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-6-67-71.
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Relevance. It is known that peppermint (Mentha х piperita L.) is characterized by significant polymorphism, due to both genetic factors and growing conditions. Cultivated varieties and populations are distinguished by their economically significant characteristics, such as yield, winter hardiness, resistance to diseases, the content and composition of essential oil. Identification of new highly productive varieties and populations of Mentha x piperita L., distinguished by high productivity of essential oil in the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, as well as identification of morphological features characteristic of highly productive varieties, remains relevant.Methods. The object of the study was plants of 8 varieties of 2 year old plants and samples of Mentha x piperita L. from the collection of the SI Botanical Garden Rostovtsev RGAU-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev and from the collection of the Botanical Garden of All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), were used as the object of the study. Peppermint leaves (FS.2.5.0029.15 Peppermint leaves) and essential oil (GOST R 53593-2009) are used as herbal medicinal products. Microscopy used Primo Star Carl Zeiss light microscopes and LOMO MIKMED-1. Quantitative determination of the essential oil was carried out by distillation with water vapor, followed by measuring the volume of the resulting oil (GF RF XIV). The oil content was expressed in volumetric-weight percent in terms of dry raw materials.Results. As a result of a comparative study of the epidermal structures of the leaves of plants of 8 varieties of Mentha х piperita L., the density of stomata, the type of stomatal apparatus, density of location and length of multicellular trichomes, density and diameter of essential oil glands, and content of essential oil were determined. The variety specificity and variation of these indices are noted over a wide range, which is explained by the significant intraspecific variability characteristic of the genus Mint (Mentha L.). The most promising varieties of essential oil content were identified.
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Rendana, Muhammad, Wan Mohd Razi Idris, Sahibin Abdul Rahim, Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, and Tukimat Lihan. "Characterization of physical, chemical and microstructure properties in the soft clay soil of the paddy field area." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 18, no. 1 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v18i1.50489.
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<p>The soft clay soil has been categorized as infertile soil. The occurrence of soft clay soil in paddy field areas can decline soil quality and rice production. Therefore, to find the best technique for amending this soil, this study aimed to analyze the physical, chemical, and microstructure properties of the soft clay soil in the paddy field area. The soft clay soil samples were collected from two paddy blocks in Kedah, Malaysia. The physical and chemical properties of the soil were determined using the standard method in the laboratory. The microstructure properties were analyzed using Zeiss SUPRA 55VP microscopes. The results found that the soft clay soil was composed of silt – clay (&gt; 90%) with the texture of silty clay. The soft clay soil was characterized by low values of organic matter (2.63-3.42%), pH (3.32-3.69), cation exchange capacity (6.89-8.72 cmol<sub>c</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup>), available P (0.14-0.41 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>), aggregate stability (16.53-17.78%), and hydraulic conductivity (0.17 cm hr<sup>-1</sup>). In contrast, it indicated high values of soil water content (42.24-43.21%), and exchangeable Na<sup>+</sup> ions (2.48-2.50 cmol<sub>c</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup>). In addition, the analysis of heavy metals content revealed that their concentrations were below the critical level in the soil. The soft clay soil was largely governed by kaolinite minerals, and it had less compact structures with many large voids among soil aggregates. In conclusion, the quality of soft clay soil in the study area was poor with low physical and chemical parameters. The quality of the soil could be improved by the addition of soil amendments such as zeolite, cement, and other additive materials to absorb the excess water in the soil and increase the soil strength.</p>
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Sulmiyati, Sulmiyati, Nur Saleh Said, Deka Uli Fahrodi, Ratmawati Malaka, and Fatma Maruddin. "The Chaaracteristics Yeast Isolated from Commercial Kefir Grain, Indonesia." Hasanuddin Journal of Animal Science (HAJAS) 1, no. 1 (2019): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/hajas.v1i1.6519.
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The objective of this study was to investigate yeast characteristics obtained from commercial grain kefir from Indonesian. Isolation based on macroscopic morphology and microscopic morphology. The first method of research is activation of kefir grain using 10% reconstitution milk, yeast growth on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA-Agar) medium, yeast coloration by using Lactophenol cotton blue. Then, yeast identification was done by macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Macroscopic morphological observations are observations of colony morphology at the time of isolation and purification, including size, shape, texture, color, surface, elevation, and edges. Microscopic morphological observations include cell shape, budding (budding) which first make preparations with yeast coloring then observed with Zeiss Asio Imager A2 Microscope using Zeiss Axiocam HRC camera. Macroscopic observation of yeast size description colony very small, small, medium, large, colony form is round, the margin is raised, the elevation is entire, the texture is smooth and surface glistening, cream colony color, and yeast smell characteristic. Microscopic observation seen there is cell nucleus, oval, there is pseudohypa, budding, gram-positive, urea test negative, glucose, lactose, maltose fermentation test positive, sucrose fermentation test negative, growth test on liquid media growth in surface medium (pellicle), and bottom medium (sediment). Based on the morphological observations in macroscopic and microscopic yeast identified genus Saccharomyces.
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Dudek, Marta. "Self-healing cement materials – microscopic techniques." Budownictwo i Architektura 19, no. 2 (2020): 033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1494.
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The article presents a general classification of intelligent materials with self-healing (self-repairing) properties, focusing on self-healing cementitious materials. The purpose of the paper is to describe the prospects of two of the most popular micro-observation techniques, i.e. with the use of an optical and scanning electron microscope. In addition, it describes the advantages of using a tensile stage mounted in the microscope chamber for testing self-healing materials. The advantages and disadvantages of these devices have been characterized, and the results of preliminary research have been provided. The tests include the optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy observations of the microstructure of cracks before and after the process of healing. They were carried out using ZEISS Discovery V20 optical microscope and ZEISS EVO-MA 10 scanning electron microscope on mortar samples modified with macro capsules filled with polymer. In addition to observations, chemical analysis was performed with the use of an EDS detector. The microscopic observations and chemical analyses provide the basis for assessing the effectiveness of the self-healing process, showing that the crack has been healed. Moreover, the preliminary results of the tests of micro-mechanical properties, carried out with the use of a tensile stage, have been described. The problems of using this research technique are also listed. This study shows the usefulness of this kind of tests for microcapsules for self-healing materials.
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Manus, Jean-Marie. "Carl Zeiss: union microscopie optique et électronique." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2012, no. 442 (2012): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(12)71443-0.
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Mondelli, Rafael Francisco Lia, Anuradha Prakki, Renato Cilli, Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro, and José Mondelli. "Surface roughness average and scanning electron microscopic observations of resin luting agents." Journal of Applied Oral Science 11, no. 4 (2003): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572003000400010.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the surface roughness changes of three current resin cements after tooth brushing simulation, as well as discuss its relation with scanning electron microscopic observations. The materials employed were Enforce Sure Cure (Dentsply), Rely X (3M-ESPE) and Variolink II (Vivadent). They were subjected to brushing abrasion (100,000 strokes for each specimen) and the surface roughness alterations (before and after strokes) were detected. For each roughness test condition, specimens were coated with gold-palladium and observed on a DSM 900 Zeiss scanning electron microscope. Roughness changes values (Ra) were statistically increased after brushing strokes. Based on the microscopic observations and roughness changes analysis, all cements studied became rougher after brushing strokes.
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Anonymous. "New Brochure on Zeiss 0° Assistant's Stereoscopic Microscope." Journal of Refractive Surgery 3, no. 6 (1987): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081-597x-19871101-11.
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Miller, Gale W., and James L. Geraci. "Counterbalance System for the Zeiss Operating Microscope Head." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 93, no. 2 (1985): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459988509300232.
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Shapiro, Stephen R. "Hypospadias repair: Optical magnification versus zeiss reconstruction microscope." Urology 33, no. 1 (1989): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(89)90065-4.
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Louw, Deon F., Garnette R. Sutherland, and Michael Schulder. "From Microscopic to Astronomic, the Legacy of Carl Zeiss." Neurosurgery 52, no. 3 (2003): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000048477.49196.50.
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Wimmer, Wolfgang. "Carl Zeiss, Ernst Abbe, and Advances in the Light Microscope." Microscopy Today 25, no. 4 (2017): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192951700058x.
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Martinez-Pastor, F., F. Olivier, T. Spies, L. Anel, and P. Bartels. "195 CHANGES OF BLESBOK AND BLUE WILDEBEEST EPIDIDYMAL SPERM AFTER INCUBATION AT 37°C." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab195.
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Postmortem recovery of epididymal spermatozoa and their preservation in Biological Resource Banks is a convenient source of germplasm, providing a possible future conservation resource for selected endangered wildlife species. It is necessary to gain knowledge of the biology of the gametes of the different species, in order to define effective protocols for cryopreservation and future assisted reproductive technology application. A pilot study on the changes in blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and blesbok (Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi) epididymal sperm was carried out in order to provide some insight into the effects of incubation at 37°C. Chemicals were aquired from Sigma (South Africa), except JC-1 (Molecular Probes, Leiden, The Netherlands). Sperm was obtained by flushing the vas deferens and cauda epididymis of 6 adult blue wildebeests and 4 adult blesbok after the breeding season using 1 mL of Biladyl (fraction A; Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany). Cells were washed and resuspended in buffered medium (20 mM HEPES, 197 mM NaCl, 10 mM glucose, 2.5 mM KOH). Part of each sample was analyzed and part was incubated for 1 h at 37°C, and then analyzed. Analysis consisted of: motility (% of motile sperm, TM; and % of linear sperm, LM), vitality (fluorescent dye propidium iodide, 7 μM; % of unstained cells noted after 10 min at RT: vital, VIT), mitochondrial status (fluorescent dye JC-1, 7.5 μM; % of cells with orange midpiece noted after 30 min at 37°C: active mitochondria, MIT), and induction of acrosome reaction (15 min at 37°C in buffered medium complemented with 3 mM CaCl; % of intact acrosomes noted in control: splits no ionophore, ACR, and test: splits 1 μM calcimycin, ION). Samples were assessed using phase contrast microscopy (×400; ×200 for motility). Results are showed in Table 1. No significant differences (Wilcoxon Rank Sign test) were detected, possibly due to the low number of samples. However, LM appeared to decrease after incubation. Incubaton may increase the sensitivity of blue wildebeest sperm to ionophore (ION). Motility was least for blesbok, and the decrease of LM after incubation was more apparent. This treatment may induce different physiologycal changes between the species (different LM variation). The rest of the parameters suggest that the treatment did not induce extensive cell damage. Further research must be carried out to confirm these findings. Table 1. Median values for the analyzed parameters Sponsors of this project include Vodacom, Joan St. Leger Lindburgh Charitable Trust, Tony and Lizette Lewis Foundation, Department Science and Technology (South Africa), British Airways, IMV Technologies/CBS (France), NECSA, Zeiss Microscopes, AEC-Amersham, CryoLogic (Australia), Cook Veterinary (Australia), Mazda Wildlife Fund, The Scientific Group, Genaust (Australia), and SCI – Chesapeake Chapter.
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GURA, N. A., A. V. SHIPULIN, E. V. YATSKOVA, and V. V. GRITSENKO. "STUDY RESULTS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE SCALE INSECTS (DIASPIDIDAE) ON TREE AND SHRUBBERY CROPS FOR THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA (INSECTA: HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: COCCOIDEA: DIASPIDIDAE)." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 2 (2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2021-2-37-48.
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The paper presents the results of a laboratory study of scientific collections of plant material samples with colonies of scale insects identified on tree and shrubbery crops of the Crimea (on fruit crops: pear, peach, apricot, on conifers: pine, juniper, on subtropical: laurel, olive; and on ornamental: oak, poplar, euonymus). The research goal was to study the morphological features of the identified species of scale insects, including the collection of photographic material according to the structural features of the scutes, preparation of micropreparations from the bodies of female scale insects, and collection of photographic material based on the results of microscopic examination of the diagnostic structures of the female scale insects. The research was carried out on samples of aboveground parts of plants (leaves, pieces of bark, shoots) with colonies of Diaspididae, collected by the authors in 2018 on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. Samples with colonies were viewed under a Carl Zeiss Stemmi 508 binocular microscope, and female specimens from the colony were selected. Females infected with fungal infections were discarded. Selected specimens of females were later used for the preparation of total micropreparations for microscopic examination of the female pygidium and identification of the species. Microscopic examination was carried out using an Axio Imager A2 microscope and Zen 2.3 software (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbnH). The species were identified in 2 stages: preliminary – according to the structural features of the scutellum and final – according to the results of microscopic examination of the body and pygidium morphology of females. As a result, 11 species of the identified scutes were identified, an original illustrative photographic material was prepared on the morphology of scutes of the identified species (structural features, location of larval skins). An illustrative photographic material was prepared from the prepared micropreparations, which indicates the main diagnostic structures of the pygidium of female scale insects, which should be paid attention to when identifying scale insects to species. Since the morphology of scale insects in monographs by domestic authors is often presented in the form of drawings and diagrams, the offered illustrative photographic material can be used as an additional reference material by specialists in quarantine and plant protection who diagnose pests, as well as when conducting survey measures to establish phytosanitary state of the territory and timely implementation of protective measures.
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Burek, Jan, and Barbara Jamuła. "The process accuracy of reconstruction of cutting edges geometry in the optical measuring systems." Mechanik 91, no. 10 (2018): 856–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.10.143.
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The comparative analysis of two different optical measuring systems enabling the reconstruction of the cutting edges geometry is presented. For research uses: focus-variation microscope Alicona G4 and professional 3D scanner Zeiss Comet LƎD 2.
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Pavaloiu, Ramona-Daniela, Fawzia Sha’At, Mousa Sha’At, and Gheorghe Nechifor. "Intracellular Uptake Study of Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Cardiovascular Drugs Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08427.
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Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) is a powerful microscopic tool that gives valuable morphological and functional information within cells and tissues. CLSM is non-invasive, with high-contrast scanning, a simple and fast sample preparation procedure as well as easy operation. This paper aimed to study the intracellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with cardiovascular drugs using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared via nanoprecipitation method using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a biodegradable polymeric matrix and Pluronic F127 as a stabilizer. A mixture of two cardiovascular drugs—valsartan (an angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug) and amlodipine besylate (a calcium channel blocker)—was loaded in polymeric nanoparticles. The prepared polymeric nanoparticles had sizes lower than 300 nm and narrow dispersity. The cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles was investigated by incubating adherent mouse embryo fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) with a suspension of nanoparticles (stained previously with phthalocyanine) at three different time points. Targeted cell compartments were labeled with two fluorophores: Rhodamine B (membrane stain) and Hoechst (nucleic acid stain). Live cell imaging was performed using a confocal microscope Zeiss LSM710 with Zeiss PALM microdissection system. The intracellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles was revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy for each incubation time. The results suggest a possible mechanism of endocytosis and clearly a vesicular-based accumulation of the nanoparticles in the cytoplasmatic compartments.
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Dziob, Daniel, Jakub Ramian, Jan Ramian, Bartosz Lisowski, and Jadwiga Laska. "Design and Construction of a Chamber Enabling the Observation of Living Cells in the Field of a Constant Magnetic Force." Cells 10, no. 12 (2021): 3339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10123339.
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The aim of the work was to design and construct a microscopic stage that enables the observation of biological cells in a magnetic field with a constant magnetic force. Regarding the requirements for biological observations in the magnetic field, construction was based on the standard automatic stage of an optical microscope ZEISS Axio Observer, and the main challenge was to design a set of magnets which were the source of a field in which the magnetic force was constant in the observation zone. Another challenge was to design a magnet arrangement producing a weak magnetic field to manipulate the cells without harming them. The Halbach array of magnets was constructed using permanent cubic neodymium magnets mounted on a 3D printed polymer ring. Four sets of magnets were used, differing in their dimensions, namely, 20, 15, 12, and 10 mm. The polymer rings were designed to resist magnetic forces and to keep their shape undisturbed when working under biological conditions. To check the usability of the constructs, experiments with magnetic microparticles were executed. Magnetic microparticles were placed under the microscope and their movement was observed to find the acting magnetic force.
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Burgess, Mark. "Celebrating 50 years of Live Cell Imaging: Carl Zeiss UK and The Royal Microscopical Society, London, 15 October 2003." Biochemist 25, no. 6 (2003): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02506046.
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In 1930, Frits Zernike developed a way of making the invisible visible: he had perfected a method for the examination of living, unstained cells. The human eye and brain are good at distinguishing the amount of light (contrast) or its wavelength (colour), but are unable to distinguish differences in phase (there is no common name for it). Zernike had invented a technique that would make the invisible phase difference of a living cell a visible difference in light and shade. He took his invention, which he called phase contrast, to the greatest microscope manufacturer, Carl Zeiss, in 1932. Zeiss told him to get lost.
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Chen, Zhong Yi, Yong Lin Ma, and Shu Qing Xing. "Effect of Welding Thermal Cycle on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Multi-Pass Submerged-Arc Welding." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1163.
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To research effect of welding thermal cycle on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joint, two pieces of 60mm thick plates were welded together using automatic submerged-arc welding (SAW) method with suitable welding parameters. After 17 passes welding, the microstructures and phases of the welded joint was carefully observed and analyzed by using a Carl Zeiss optical microscope in different zones of welded joint, and the surface micro-hardness of the welded joint was measured systematically by using microscopic-hardness tester Lycra. Afterwards, the mechanical properties of the weld metals were measured through stretching. Through a series of measurements and observations, the welding experiment results indicate that effect of welding thermal cycle on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welding joint is great, the grains of the bottom of the weld metal are certainty smaller and more uniform, and the bottom of the weld metal have more excellent mechanical properties.
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Jovin, Thomas M., Michel Robert-Nicoud, Donna J. Arndt-Jovin, and Thorsten Schormann. "3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100102560.
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Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.
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Illarionov, I. E., T. R. Gilmanshina, and A. A. Kovaleva. "Structural Changes in the Aluminum - Magnesium System Alloy." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.577.
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The purpose of this work is to study the structure and mechanical properties of an aluminum – magnesium system alloy after various types of heat treatment (quenching and ageing). The microstructure of an alloy has been studied by means of Zeiss OBSERVER.D1m microscope combined with a camera and image display on a monitor screen. Micro X-ray spectral analysis was performed by means of Carl Zeiss EVO 50 scanning electron microscope. The micro-hardness of the samples has been measured on prepared metallographic sections by means of DM8 micro-hardness meter. In the course of the process it has been found that quenching the Al-12,78% Mg alloy from temperatures of 430–440 ° C does not lead to the formation of a single-phase solid solution. Ageing at 100 ° C enables the formation of secondary phases. It was noted that with an increase in the quenching temperature, the micro-hardness increases slightly. An increase in the exposure time doesn’t influence greatly the micro-hardness of the alloy, while the structure remains practically unchanged.
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Buhle, E. L., and U. Aebi. "Comparison of Conventional and Electron Spectroscopic Imaging in the Fixed Beam Electron Microscope of Ordered Protein Arrays." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 43 (August 1985): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100117443.
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CTEM brightfield images are formed by a combination of relatively high resolution elastically scattered electrons and unscattered and inelastically scattered electrons. In the case of electron spectroscopic images (ESI), the inelastically scattered electrons cause a loss of both contrast and spatial resolution in the image. In the case of ESI imaging on the Zeiss EM902, the transmited electrons are dispersed into their various energy components by passing them through a magnetic prism spectrometer; a slit is then placed in the image plane of the prism to select the electrons of a given energy loss for image formation. The purpose of this study was to compare CTEM with ESI images recorded on a Zeiss EM902 of ordered protein arrays. Digital image processing was employed to analyze the average unit cell morphologies of the two types of images.
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Jonšta, P., P. Váňová, S. Brožová, et al. "Hydrogen Embrittlement of Welded Joint Made of Supermartensitic Stainless Steel in Environment Containing Sulfane." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (2016): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0121.
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Abstract The work is focused on evaluation of resistance of the welded joint made of supermartensitic 13Cr6Ni2.5Mo stainless steel to sulfide stress cracking. Testing method A and solution B in accordance with NACE TM 0177 were used. All the testing samples were ruptured in a very short time interval but welded joint samples were fractured primarily in the weld metal or in heat affected zone and not in the basic material. Material analysis of samples were made with use of a ZEISS NEOPHOT 32 light microscope and a JEOL 6490LV scanning electron microscope.
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Langer, David J., Timothy G. White, Michael Schulder, John A. Boockvar, Mohamed Labib, and Michael T. Lawton. "Advances in Intraoperative Optics: A Brief Review of Current Exoscope Platforms." Operative Neurosurgery 19, no. 1 (2019): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opz276.
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Abstract BACKGROUND The advent of the operating microscope (OM) revolutionized the field of neurosurgery. It allowed surgeons to operate on and effectively treat diseases previously inaccessible with conventional eyesight because of magnification and illumination. Improvements in the essential methods of visualization and the quality of the optics have plateaued. Another main limitation of the OM remains its ergonomics because of the need of the surgeon and assistant to directly interface with the OM objective. Recently, exoscopes have been introduced to overcome some shortcomings of the conventional OM. OBJECTIVE To subjectively review the individual authors experience with the current exoscope platforms in an attempt to provide a resource to the neurosurgeon when considering imaging options. METHODS Experts with previous use of each individual platform were contacted and asked to contribute their experiences. RESULTS In total, 4 systems are discussed. They include the VITOM (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany), the Olympus ORBEYE (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), the Synaptive Modus V (Synaptive Medical, Toronto, Canada), and the Zeiss KINEVO (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany). CONCLUSION The advent of exoscopes has the potential to begin to allow surgeons to move beyond solely the microscope for intraoperative visualization while improving upon its ergonomic disadvantages.
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Vladoiu, Rodica, Aurelia Mandes, Mirela Contulov, Virginia Dinca, and Corneliu Porosnicu. "Investigation of Composition-Properties’ Relations on Silicon and Carbon Based Nanomaterials." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.232.
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Multicomponent thin films (binary-SiC and ternary-SiCAl) as well as single thin films (silicon Si) were deposited using Thermionic Vacuum Arc (TVA) technology. The thin films were characterized using X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Philips PW1050, Cu K), scanning electron microscope (SEM, Zeiss EVO 50 SEM) accompanied with energy dispersive spectrometer and transmission electron microscope (TEM, Phillips CM 120 ST, 100 kV). The film is composed of nanoparticles very smoothly distributed of 15-30 nanometer size embedded in amorphous matrix film. The results reveal high hardness for SiC (10-40 GPa) and for SiCAl: low wear rate (6.16E-05 mm3/Nm).
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Bihr, J., G. Benner, D. Krahl, A. Rilk та E. Weimer. "Design of an analytical TEM with integrated imaging ω spectrometer". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (серпень 1991): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100086076.
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Conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) can be used for high resolution imaging of specimens and for the analysis of minute specimen areas. The capabilities of such an instrument are strongly improved by the integration of an imaging electron energy loss spectrometer. All imaging and diffraction techmques are provided in such an energy filtered transmission electron microscope (EFTEM).In addition to the well-known objective lens for Koehler illumination, the new Zeiss EFTEM features a projective lens system which integrates a new imaging ω-spectrometer comprising four individual magnets and one hexapole corrector Fig.l and Fig. 3 show the design of this microscope.
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Freudenrich, Craig C., Robert T. Boyle, David A. Kopf, Peter Ingram, and Ann LeFurgey. "Acquisition and analysis of fluorescence ratio images using a multispectral microanalytical imaging program." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 704–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139895.
Full textAbstract:
Any study regarding the influence of physiological, pathological, or pharmacological/toxicological factors on cellular ion homeostasis requires knowledge of multiple parameters including cytoplasmic ion concentrations, ion fluxes, and subcellular elemental distribution so that an accurate assessment of the state of ion homeostasis can be obtained. These multiple parameters are often obtained by using different types of microscopy and microanalysis. For example, cytoplasmic ion concentrations are measured by fluorescence digital imaging microscopy using various ion indicators, while cellular and subcellular element contents are determined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) digital imaging. For correlating information from various microscopies, it would be advantageous to have one software package and image format that operates on the same computer platform. Here, we describe the modification of an existing software (ImagNSpect) developed for EPXMA digital imaging for use in analyzing fluorescence digital images.Fluorescence images (490 and 440 nm excitation, 540 nm emission) of BCECF-loaded cultured rat hepatocytes (Fig. 1a, b) were obtained on an inverted fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thorn wood, NY) equipped with a rotating excitation filter wheel, a CCD camera (Photometries, Ltd., Tucson, AZ), a controller box, and a Macintosh Quadra 800 computer (Apple Computer Corp., Cupertino, CA).