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Journal articles on the topic 'Zirconium surface reactions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Parmeter, John E., David C. Smith, and Matt D. Healy. "Surface reactions of tetraneopentyl zirconium on zirconium carbide thin films." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 12, no. 4 (1994): 2107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.579145.

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2

Jung, T. H., and R. V. Subramanian. "Alkali resistance enhancement of basalt fibers by hydrated zirconia films formed by the sol-gel process." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 4 (1994): 1006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.1006.

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Basalt fibers were dip-coated in zirconium-n-propoxide, unstabilized or stabilized by chelation with ethyl acetoacetate. The thermal transformations of the hydrated zirconia coatings formed were investigated by dynamic x-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. The changes in the surface chemical compositions of coated and uncoated fibers, following alkali immersion extending to 90 days, were characterized by EDXA and IR spectral analysis. Fiber strengths were also measured after immersion in 0.1 M NaOH for different durations. It was found that the transition of the amorphous zircon
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3

Kröger-Laukkanen, Minna, Marko Peussa, Markku Leskelä, and Lauri Niinistö. "Reactions of bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride with porous silica surface." Applied Surface Science 183, no. 3-4 (2001): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(01)00573-6.

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4

Ziębowicz, Anna, Agata Sambok-Kiełbowicz, Witold Walke, et al. "Evaluation of Bacterial Adhesion to the ZrO2 Atomic Layer Deposited on the Surface of Cobalt-Chromium Dental Alloy Produced by DMLS Method." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051079.

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The main purpose of the research was to analyze the influence of surface modification of the cobalt-based alloy used in dental prosthetics by applying zirconium oxide (ZrO2) layers using the ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method. The samples were made using the DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) technique, and their surfaces were prepared in accordance with the principles of removable partial dentures (RPDs). A 50 nm-thick zirconium oxide coating was applied to the prepared substrates. This paper deals with the issues of prosthetic stomatopathy, which is a complex of pathological changes occur
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5

Suzuki, Noriyuki, Denis Y. Kondakov, and Tamotsu Takahashi. "Zirconium-catalyzed highly regioselective carbon-carbon bond formation reactions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 115, no. 18 (1993): 8485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00071a083.

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6

Kohli, P., and G. J. Blanchard. "Probing Interfaces and Surface Reactions of Zirconium Phosphate/Phosphonate Multilayers Using31P NMR Spectrometry." Langmuir 16, no. 2 (2000): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la990668v.

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7

Roustila, A., A. Rabehi, M. Souici, and J. Chene. "XPS and AES Study of Oxygen Interaction on the Surface of the ZrNi Intermetallic Compound." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.709.

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ZrNi intermetallic compound is used in several application fields due to its very favorable characteristics for the storage of hydrogen. The hydrogen reactions are important, it is vital to examine the evolution of physico-chemical properties at the surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is used to follow the evolution of electronic properties of ZrNi versus the ion sputtering in ultra high vacuum in the range 300-600°C. Morever, the evolution of species concentrations at the surface of ZrNi in the range 100-700°C is followed by means of Auger electron spectroscopy. The present results sho
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8

Saruhashi, Kowichiro, and Shū Kobayashi. "Remarkably Stable Chiral Zirconium Complexes for Asymmetric Mannich-Type Reactions." Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, no. 34 (2006): 11232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja062776r.

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9

Martiz, Alejandro, Zoltán Károly, Eszter Bódis, et al. "In-flight Synthesis of Nanosized ZrC Particles from Various Precursors in RF Thermal Plasma." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 3 (2021): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.16574.

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Synthesis of zirconium carbide (ZrC) powder was investigated applying a non-conventional atmospheric radiofrequency (RF) thermal plasma process. In one case, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) was reacted with solid carbon or with methane with varying molar ratio. In the other, zirconium-propoxide (NZP), containing both constituents, was thermally decomposed in the Ar plasma.
 Temperature-dependent thermodynamic analysis was performed in the 500-5500 K temperature range to estimate the formation of possible equilibrium products for each reaction stoichiometry. Broad temperature range exists for the
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10

Knight, Kyle S., and Robert M. Waymouth. "Zirconium-catalyzed diene and alkyl-alkene coupling reactions with magnesium reagents." Journal of the American Chemical Society 113, no. 16 (1991): 6268–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a052.

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11

Ivanovna, Kuzmina Raisa, and Pilipenko Anton Yurievich. "Effect of temperature on ethanol conversion over the surface of Zr-modified zeolite ZSM-5." Catalysis for Sustainable Energy 2, no. 1 (2016): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cse-2015-0006.

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AbstractIn this paper, we have shown modification of high-silicon zeolite ZSM-5 by zirconium, and the results of ethanol conversion on this catalyst. Effect of process parameters on the selectivity of ethanol dehydration products was analyzed. In addition, a mechanism of aromatic hydrocarbons formation including reactions of dehydrogenation, dehydrocyclization and alkylation of intermediates was discussed. It was found that with increasing temperature a selectivity decreased for reactions of isomerization and increased selectivity for aromatic products and products of cracking reactions. The d
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12

Esteban Benito, Heriberto, Ricardo García Alamilla, Juan Manuel Hernández Enríquez, Francisco Paraguay Delgado, Daniel Lardizabal Gutiérrez, and Pedro García. "Porous Silicates Modified with Zirconium Oxide and Sulfate Ions for Alcohol Dehydration Reactions." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/325463.

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Porous silicates were synthesized by a nonhydrothermal method, using sodium silicate as a source of silica and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a template agent. Catalysts were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, N2physisorption, X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, pyridine adsorption, potentiometric titration withn-butylamine, scanning electronic microscopy, and transmission electronic microscopy. The surface area of the materials synthesized was greater than 800 m2/g. The introduction of zirconium atoms within the porous silicates increased their acid strength from −42 to 115
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13

Blum, Suzanne A., Patrick J. Walsh, and Robert G. Bergman. "Epoxide-Opening and Group-Transfer Reactions Mediated by Monomeric Zirconium Imido Complexes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, no. 47 (2003): 14276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja037267t.

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14

Bradley, Christopher A., Ivan Keresztes, Emil Lobkovsky, Victor G. Young та Paul J. Chirik. "Zirconium Sandwich Complexes with η9Indenyl Ligands: Well-Defined Precursors for Zirconocene-Mediated Coupling Reactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, № 51 (2004): 16937–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja045072v.

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15

Gusev, V. M., O. Yu Elagina, and A. G. Buklakov. "Improving the properties of plasma heat-resistant coatings by means of spraying materials that reacting with exothermic effects." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment 2 (2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2021-2-51-55.

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The quality of heat-resistant coatings deposited by flame spraying is largely determined by the adhesion of the coating to the surface of the part. One of the ways to increase adhesion is to deposition intermediate layers of thermosetting powders between the base material and the coating. In this work, two versions of heat-protective coatings are investigated — a two-layer coating consisting of an Al – Ni sublayer (20 – 80 wt. %) and a main ZrO2 layer, and a single-layer coating sprayed from an aluminum-clad zirconium oxide powder (20 ZrO2 – 80 Al, wt. % ). The method of differential thermal a
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16

Sarıbıyık, Oğuz Yunus, Christian Weilach, Selahattin Serin, and Günther Rupprechter. "The Effect of Shape-Controlled Pt and Pd Nanoparticles on Selective Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Trichloroethylene." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (2020): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111314.

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Tailoring the shape of nanoscale materials enables obtaining morphology-controlled surfaces exhibiting specific interactions with reactants during catalytic reactions. The specifics of nanoparticle surfaces control the catalytic performance, i.e., activity and selectivity. In this study, shape-controlled Platinum (Pt) and Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles with distinct morphology were produced, i.e., cubes and cuboctahedra for Pt and spheres and polyhedra/multiple-twins for Pd, with (100), (111 + 100), curved/stepped and (111) facets, respectively. These particles with well-tuned surfaces were subs
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17

Doerre, Mark, Larry Hibbitts, Gabriela Patrick, and Nelson Akafuah. "Advances in Automotive Conversion Coatings during Pretreatment of the Body Structure: A Review." Coatings 8, no. 11 (2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8110405.

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Automotive conversion coatings consist of layers of materials that are chemically applied to the body structures of vehicles before painting to improve corrosion protection and paint adhesion. These coatings are a consequence of surface-based chemical reactions and are sandwiched between paint layers and the base metal; the chemical reactions involved distinctly classify conversion coatings from other coating technologies. Although the tri-cationic conversion coating bath chemistry that was developed around the end of the 20th century remains persistent, environmental, health, and cost issues
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18

He, Jian, Xiao Lei Li, Hui Ming Ji, and Qing Pu Wang. "The Effect of pH of the Aging Solution on Microstructure of Silica/Zirconia Aerogel." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.358.

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ZrO2 wet gel was prepared using zirconium n-butoxide as precursor and 1,2-propylene oxide (PO) as a gelation agent in sol-gel process. Then, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) was used to strengthen the wet gel in aging process. Finally, the monolithic silica/zirconia aerogel was obtained by supercritical fluid drying. N2 adsorption-desorption method, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize microstructure of the aerogel. The influence of pH of the aging solution on microstructure of silica/zirconia aerogel was studied. The results
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19

Tong, Yu Ping, Chang Li Xiao, Zhong Zheng Yang, Lu De Lu, and Hao Bing Fu. "Synthesis and Characterization of the Layered Zirconium Phosphate and its Intercalation Study." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1809.

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The zirconium phosphate α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O (α-ZrP) with layered structure has been synthesized by refluxing method. Power X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR, FT-Raman), thermal analysis (TG-DSC), transition electron spectroscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) was respectively used for structure characterization of the compound α-ZrP. The result of intercalation reactions with tetramethylammonium bromide and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide showed interlayer distances increase of ~ 0.46 nm and ~ 1.68 nm, respectively. Th
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20

D’Amico, Claudio, Giovanni Bianchi, Elisa Padovano, et al. "Effect of ZrB2 addition on the oxidation behavior of Si-SiC-ZrB2 composites exposed at 1500°C in air." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 16, no. 1 (2017): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000379.

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Background: Silicon carbide ceramics obtained by reactive infiltration of silicon (SRI) have many industrial applications especially involving severe and high temperature conditions. In this study, the oxidation behavior in air of Si-SiC-ZrB2 systems at a high temperature (1500°C) for dwelling times of up to 48 hours was examined. Methods: The oxidation process was analyzed on the basis of elemental maps and X-ray diffraction patterns taken, respectively, on the core and on the surface of the specimens, together with weight gains and the average thicknesses of the resulting scale. Further, fle
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21

Niculescu, Marius, Dan Laptoiu, Florin Miculescu, and Iulian Vasile Antoniac. "Metal Allergy and other Adverse Reactions in Patients with Total Hip Replacement." Advanced Materials Research 1114 (July 2015): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1114.283.

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Total hip prosthese are widely used in total hip arthroplasty, offering many benefit to patients with different articular diseases like osteoarthritis or after different accidents. Many total hip prosthesis are now available to the orthopaedic surgeons to replace the hip articulation, with different design and with components made by different type of biomaterials: metallic (cobalt-chrome and titanium alloys, zirconium-niobium alloy named oxinium), ceramic (alumina, zirconia), polymers (ultra high weight molecular polyethylene-UHMWPE). Even total hip arthroplasty has a high success rate, impla
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22

Zhang, Yingfan, Bo Gui, Rufan Chen, et al. "Engineering a Zirconium MOF through Tandem “Click” Reactions: A General Strategy for Quantitative Loading of Bifunctional Groups on the Pore Surface." Inorganic Chemistry 57, no. 4 (2018): 2288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03123.

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23

Blum, Suzanne A., Patrick J. Walsh, and Robert G. Bergman. "Epoxide-Opening and Group-Transfer Reactions Mediated by Monomeric Zirconium Imido Complexes [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2003,125, 14276−14277]." Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, no. 29 (2004): 9148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0408146.

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24

Lee, Hee Seon, Jeong Min Park, Kyu Hong Hwang, and Hyung Mi Lim. "Surface Functionalization of Zirconia Nanocrystals with Silane Coupling Agent and its Dispersion Behavior in O-Phenylphenoxyethyl Acrylate." Materials Science Forum 922 (May 2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.922.20.

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Highly crystalline and dispersible zirconia, synthesized by solvothermal reaction of zirconium (IV) isopropoxide isopropanol complex in benzyl alcohol, were functionalized with silane coupling agent and dispersed with o-phenylphenoxyethyl acrylate (OPPEA). Silane coupling agents such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) of amino functional silane, decyltrimethoxysilane (DTMS) of alkyl functional silane and 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS) of acrylate functional silane have been used to modify nanoparticle surfaces and obtain dispersion of nanoparticles within OPPEA. The surface
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25

Guram, Anil S., Zhaoyu Guo, and Richard F. Jordan. "Zirconium-mediated reactions of carbon monoxide and alkynes. Insertion chemistry of cationic Zr(IV) .eta.2-acyl and alkenyl complexes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 115, no. 11 (1993): 4902–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00064a066.

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26

Meyer, Karen E., Patrick J. Walsh, and Robert G. Bergman. "Zirconium-Mediated Imine Metathesis. Synthesis of 2,4-Diaza-1-zirconiacyclobutanes and the Mechanism of Their Reactions with Imines and Alkynes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, no. 6 (1994): 2669–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00085a077.

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27

Kaschak, David M., Stacy A. Johnson, Daniel E. Hooks, Hyuk-Nyun Kim, Michael D. Ward та Thomas E. Mallouk. "Chemistry on the Edge: A Microscopic Analysis of the Intercalation, Exfoliation, Edge Functionalization, and Monolayer Surface Tiling Reactions of α-Zirconium Phosphate". Journal of the American Chemical Society 120, № 42 (1998): 10887–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja9818710.

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28

Lugo del Ángel, F. E., R. Silva-Rodrigo, A. Vázquez Rodríguez, et al. "Studies on the Catalytic Activity of Sulfated Zirconia Promoted with Cerium Oxide." Advanced Materials Research 132 (August 2010): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.132.149.

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Pure zirconia, sulfated zirconia and sulfated zirconia modified with 2, 3, 5 and 10 wt. % of cerium oxide were synthesized by sol-gel method. Pt phase was impregnated on the supports using the incipient wet technique. Sulfated zirconium oxide showed tetragonal phase only. Addition of cerium to sulfated zirconia did not modify the tetragonal phase but produced a marked effect on the surface area. Low cerium content may greatly increase the surface area; however, too high cerium content (10 wt.%) may decrease the surface area. Pore size had influence on the catalytic activity and ZrO2 acidity wa
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29

Liu, Rong, Yi Fan Xu, Fei Ye, Ling Chen Ji, Hao Guan, and Ming Yang. "Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction with NH3 over MnOx-CeO2 Catalysts Supported on Nano Tetragonal Zirconia." Materials Science Forum 852 (April 2016): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.852.293.

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The MnOx-CeO2/t-ZrO2 catalyst was prepared by impregnation with nano t-ZrO2 as the support. The influence of active component and reaction temperature on denitration performance of catalyst was investigated. The results showed that denitration efficiency improved as active component increased and reaction temperature rose. The denitration efficiency of 2.5% MnOx-CeO2/t-ZrO2 at 100°C was 68.1% while 15% MnOx-CeO2/t-ZrO2 was 97.4%. The results of XRD, BET and H2-TPR showed that surface structure of loaded catalyst was good for oxidation-reduction and denigration. NH3-TPD test demonstrated that N
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30

Attarzadeh, Navid, and C. V. Ramana. "Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Ceramic Coatings on Zirconium (Zr) and Zr-Alloys: Part-II: Properties and Applications." Coatings 11, no. 6 (2021): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11060620.

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A plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an electrochemical and eco-friendly process where the surface features of the metal substrate are changed remarkably by electrochemical reactions accompanied by plasma micro-discharges. A stiff, adhesive, and conformal oxide layer on the Zr and Zr-alloy substrates can be formed by applying the PEO process. The review describes recent progress on various applications and functionality of PEO coatings in light of increasing industrial, medical, and optoelectronic demands for the production of advanced coatings. Besides, it explains how the PEO coating can
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31

Testa, Maria, Valeria La Parola, Farah Mesrar, et al. "Use of Zirconium Phosphate-Sulphate as Acid Catalyst for Synthesis of Glycerol-Based Fuel Additives." Catalysts 9, no. 2 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9020148.

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In the present work, zirconium phosphates and mixed zirconium phosphate–sulphate acid catalysts have been investigated in the acetylation of glycerol in order to obtain acetins as fuel additives. The following catalysts with chemical composition, Zr3(PO4)4, Zr(SO4)2, Zr2(PO4)2SO4, Zr3(PO4)2(SO4)3 and Zr4(PO4)2(SO4)5 have been prepared and characterized by acid capacity measurements, BET, XRD, FT-IR, XPS. The surface chemical composition in terms of P/Zr and S/Zr atomic ratios was monitored in the fresh and used catalysts. Zr3(PO4)2(SO4)3 and Zr4(PO4)2(SO4)5 showed the highest acidity associate
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32

Gambarotta, Sandro, Sauro Strologo, Carlo Floriani, Angiola Chiesi-Villa, and Carlo Guastini. "Stepwise reduction of carbon dioxide to formaldehyde and methanol: reactions of carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide like molecules with hydridochlorobis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium(IV)." Journal of the American Chemical Society 107, no. 22 (1985): 6278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00308a019.

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33

Meyer, Karen E., Patrick J. Walsh, and Robert G. Bergman. "A Mechanistic Study of the Cycloaddition-Cycloreversion Reactions of Zirconium-Imido Complex Cp2Zr(N-t-Bu)(THF) with Organic Imines and Organic Azides." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 3 (1995): 974–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00108a014.

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34

Ihori, Yoichi, Yasuhiro Yamashita, Haruro Ishitani, and Shū Kobayashi. "Chiral Zirconium Catalysts Using Multidentate BINOL Derivatives for Catalytic Enantioselective Mannich-Type Reactions; Ligand Optimization and Approaches to Elucidation of the Catalyst Structure." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 44 (2005): 15528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja053524d.

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35

He, Jintao, Tian Ma, Yong Huang, and Jin Long Yang. "Study on Preparation of Spherical Zirconia Powder in Microemulsion System and its Surface Characteristics." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.977.

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In this paper, a W/O microemulsion system composed of cyclohexane / water / TritonX-100 / hexyl alcohol is adopted to prepare ultrafine spherical zirconia powder via the reaction between the precipitant and zirconium salt solved in the nano reactors. Furthermore, the powder’s surface characteristics and aqueous dispersibility that strongly depends on the post-treatment process are investigated thoroughly.
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36

Tsutsumi, Y., D. Nishimura, H. Doi, N. Nomura, and T. Hanawa. "Difference in surface reactions between titanium and zirconium in Hanks' solution to elucidate mechanism of calcium phosphate formation on titanium using XPS and cathodic polarization." Materials Science and Engineering: C 29, no. 5 (2009): 1702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2009.01.016.

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37

Brozek, Vlastimil, Pavel Ctibor, Dong Ik Cheong, Seong Ho Yang, Libor Mastny, and Michal Novák. "Preparation and Properties of Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics Based on ZrC and HfC." Solid State Phenomena 170 (April 2011): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.170.37.

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Successful preparation of massive compact bodies from ultra-high temperature ceramics like zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide and their cermets with tungsten matrix with high values of mechanical parameters is difficult. Only limited number of techniques is able to perform it because of their absolutely highest melting points. In our contribution the preparation of these materials by both - hot pressing and plasma spraying techniques is described and chemical processes taking part at the fabrication are studied. Hot-pressed products fabricated at 2000°C and 6 GPa partly react with the internal
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38

Letaief, Sadok, Yun Liu, and Christian Detellier. "Zirconium oxide nanoparticles coated on sepiolite by sol–gel process — Their application as a solvent-free catalyst for condensation reactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 3 (2011): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-142.

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An inorganic nanocomposite made of zirconia nanoparticles coated on the external surfaces of the fibrous clay mineral sepiolite was prepared by using the sol–gel process under soft conditions using zirconium(IV) propoxide in 1-propanol as the precursor. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA) and differential thermal analyses (DTA), microporosimetry, 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The organic material from the precursor was fully re
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39

Hösel, T., Claas Müller, and Holger Reinecke. "Analysis of Surface Reaction Mechanisms on Electrically Non-Conductive Zirconia, Occurring within the Spark Erosion Process Chain." Key Engineering Materials 504-506 (February 2012): 1171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.504-506.1171.

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Electrically insulating high performance ceramics like zirconia are increasingly used for high technological applications due to their extraordinary properties. Meanwhile even the spark erosion process can be used to structure non-conductive ceramics by using an assisting electrode (AE). This conductive AE is placed on top of the work piece to enable the process. The electrical contact is sustained during the process by carbonic residua of cracked oil used as a dielectric. For an enhanced understanding of the removal mechanisms during the spark erosion process of such non-conductive ceramics,
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40

Yamagata, Chieko, João B. Andrade, Valter Ussui, Nelson Batista de Lima, and José Octavio Armani Paschoal. "High Purity Zirconia and Silica Powders via Wet Process: Alkali Fusion of Zircon Sand." Materials Science Forum 591-593 (August 2008): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.591-593.771.

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Zircon sand was reacted with liquid caustic soda (50% NaOH) in open vessel at 600 oC for 2h. The effect of NaOH/ZrSiO4 reactant ratio on the yield of zirconia recovery was verified. Samples of fusion products water washed were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the main compounds formed. Silica powders were obtained via acid catalyzed reaction and zirconia powders were resulted from crystallization of zirconium oxychoride. Both zirconia and silica powders were analyzed by XRF (X-ray fluorescence) and BET method. Laser Quasi Elastic Light Scattering (QLS) technique was used fo
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41

ANDRYCH-ZALEWSKA, Monika. "Improving the environmental performance of the internal combustion engine by the use of in-cylinder catalyst." Combustion Engines 168, no. 1 (2017): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-120.

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The problems of using the inner surfaces of a combustion chamber as catalytic converters in order to reduce the harmful exhaust emissions were discussed in this paper. The proper choice of the catalyst is one of the most important issues. The interaction between the burned mixture and the catalyst is not limited by the kinetics of the chemical reactions but depends primarily on the flow rate of the reactants to the catalyst surface during combustion. The lifespan of a catalytic layer is determined by the application technique, where plasma spraying is the most popular and most accessible metho
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42

Mnasri, S., and N. Frini-Srasra. "Influence of aluminium incorporation in the preparation of zirconia-pillared clay and catalytic performance in the acetalization reaction." Clay Minerals 47, no. 4 (2012): 453–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2012.047.4.05.

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AbstractThe exchange reaction of Na-bentonite with zirconium pillars gives products which suffer from a loss of crystallinity, with basal spacing about 18 Å and surface area of 200 m2 g–1. Aluminium introduced in different amounts in the zirconium intercalated solution leads to an improvement in the stability and crystallinity of zirconia-pillared clays (Zr-PILCs) and creates pillared clays with new properties. Adding a small amount of Al (10 molar %) leads to an increase of d001 from 18 Å to 20.5 Å and an increase of the percentage of introduced zirconium from 16.71 to 21, expressed as ZrO2 w
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43

Casey, Charles P., Robert E. Palermo, Richard F. Jordan, and Arnold L. Rheingold. "Ligand-induced reactions of a directly bonded early-late transition metal complex involving reversible cleavage of a zirconium-ruthenium bond with expulsion of a ruthenium hydride." Journal of the American Chemical Society 107, no. 15 (1985): 4597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00301a064.

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44

Walsh, Patrick J., Michael J. Carney, and Robert G. Bergman. "Generation, dative ligand trapping, and nitrogen-nitrogen bond cleavage reactions of the first monomeric .eta.1-hydrazido zirconocene complex, (Cp2Zr:NNPh2). A zirconium mediated synthesis of indoles." Journal of the American Chemical Society 113, no. 16 (1991): 6343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a101.

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45

Osińska, K., M. Płońska, and A. Marzec. "Application of the Sol-Gel Method at the Fabrication of PLZT:Yb3+ Ceramics." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 3 (2016): 1441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0236.

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Abstract The aim of presented study was to obtain the PLZT:Yb3+ ceramics. Nanopowders of itterbium doped PLZT materials were synthesized by the sol-gel method from high quality metaloorganic precursors, as lead (II) acetate, lanthanum acetate, ytterbium acetate, zirconium (IV) propoxide and titanium (IV) propoxide. Anhydrous acetic acid and n-propyl alcohol were used as solvents, while acetyloacetone was added as stabilizer of hydrolysis reactions. Thermal evolution of the dried gels, before and after calcination, was studied by the simultaneous thermal analysis. The amorphous PLZT:Yb3+ gels w
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46

Wang, Bai Na, Yun Biao Duan, Jin Hu, Xiao Qin Zhu, Kai Jun Wang, and Wei Jun Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Ultra-Fine ZrB2 Powders from Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Precursors via Carbothermal Reduction." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.54.

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In the present study, we report on the synthesis and carbothermal reduction of ultra-fine zirconium diboride powders by using inorganic-organic hybrid precursors of Zirconium (IV) nitrate pentahydrate, boric acid and citric acid as sources of zirconia, boron oxide and carbon, resoectively. The effect of molar ratio of reactants and reaction temperatures on the as-synthesized precursors were investigated. The thermodynamic change in the ZrO2-B2O3-C system was mainly studied by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry. The phase compositions and crystalline state of the products a
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47

Hirotsu, Masakazu, Philip P. Fontaine, Peter Y. Zavalij, and Lawrence R. Sita. "Extreme N⋮N Bond Elongation and Facile N-Atom Functionalization Reactions within Two Structurally Versatile New Families of Group 4 Bimetallic “Side-on-Bridged” Dinitrogen Complexes for Zirconium and Hafnium." Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, no. 42 (2007): 12690–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0752989.

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48

Abazovic, Nadica, Tatjana Savic, Tatjana Novakovic, Mirjana Comor, and Zorica Mojovic. "Electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on iron-doped nanozirconia ceramic." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, no. 00 (2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200804078a.

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Solvothermaly synthesized zirconium oxide nanopowders, pure and doped with various amounts of iron ions (1 - 20 %), were used as modifiers of glassy carbon electrode. The modified electrodes were tested in the reaction of electrochemical oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) in order to investigate the influence of doping on electrochemical performance of zirconia matrix. The techniques of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were employed. Cyclic voltammetry showed that electrooxidation of TCP proceeded through oxidation of hydroxyl group. Possible pathway included
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49

Shi, Yan Xia, Li Ping Liang, and Yong Xiang Zhao. "Heteropolymolybdates-Modified Zirconia as a Solid Catalyst for Ring-Open Polymerization of Tetrahydrofuran." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.243.

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Heteropolymolybdates-modified zirconia solid acid catalysts were prepared by dispersing molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) on zirconium hydroxide (ZH) and calcining the MPA/ZH materials at 750 °C. The initial loadings of MPA on ZH were 5-25 wt%. The catalysts were characterized by N2adsorption, XRD, FTIR, Py-IR, and NH3-TPD analysis, and they were used as catalysts for the ring-open polymerization of tetrahydrofuran. The results show that, after calcination at 750 °C, the major molybdenum species are zirconia-anchored polymolybdate surface species and ZrMo2O8. The catalysts show both Brönsted and Le
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Madhi, Abbas, Behzad Shirkavand Hadavand, and Ali Amoozadeh. "UV-curable urethane acrylate zirconium oxide nanocomposites: Synthesis, study on viscoelastic properties and thermal behavior." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 21 (2018): 2973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318756173.

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In the present study, UV-curable urethane acrylate was synthesized by the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate with1,4-butanediol and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst and acetone as a solvent. The structure of urethane acrylate oligomer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In order to examine the influence of inorganic phase of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on characteristics of synthesized resin, organic–inorganic nanocomposites were prepared by urethane acrylate resin and nano zirconium ox
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